CN102791317A - Medical instrument and process for production thereof - Google Patents
Medical instrument and process for production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102791317A CN102791317A CN2011800132698A CN201180013269A CN102791317A CN 102791317 A CN102791317 A CN 102791317A CN 2011800132698 A CN2011800132698 A CN 2011800132698A CN 201180013269 A CN201180013269 A CN 201180013269A CN 102791317 A CN102791317 A CN 102791317A
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- Prior art keywords
- lubricity
- base material
- lubricated portion
- lubricated
- moistening
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L29/085—Macromolecular materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/10—Materials for lubricating medical devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
- A61L2420/08—Coatings comprising two or more layers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M25/0045—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features multi-layered, e.g. coated
- A61M2025/0046—Coatings for improving slidability
Abstract
Disclosed is a medical instrument which can have excellent wettability by the effect of a coated part that is formed therein and can be constructed by a simple process. Thus, disclosed is a medical instrument (10), in which a coated part (12) is formed on the surface of a base material (11). The coated part (12) comprises: a first lubricant part that can have higher lubricity compared with the lubricity of the base material (11) when the first lubricant part is wetted; and a second lubricant part that is different from the first lubricant part, is arranged on at least a part of the outer surface of the coated part (12), and can have higher initial lubricity compared with the lubricity of the first lubricant part when the second lubricant part is wetted. The first lubricant part comprises a first lubricant material as a lubricant material having higher lubricity compared with the lubricity of the base material when the first lubricant material is wetted, and the second lubricant part comprises a second lubricant material that is different from the first lubricant material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical device and manufacturing approach thereof.
Background technology
In the past; The medical device that imports to organism in such being used for such as conduit; Suppress in importing organism the time to organism damage, or operator's operability is improved, the substrate surface of medical device is coated on the high material of lubricity when moistening.As such coating material, for example use low frictional properties resins such as various oils, fluororesin, silicone resin such as silicone oil etc.
In addition, in recent years,, the scheme of the lubricity through improving the substrate surface when moistening at substrate surface coating hydrophilic polymer has been carried out studying (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1) from viewpoints such as practicality, organism adaptabilities.Following scheme is disclosed in the patent documentation 1: the solution that contains hydrophilic polymer at the surface coated PEO (PEO) of plastic basic unit, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) etc.; Carry out irradiation with radiation afterwards, make hydrophilic polymer be bonded in the surface of plastic basic unit thus.In addition, disclose in this patent documentation 1 from using the scheme of PVP as preferred hydrophilic with the viewpoint of the associativity of substrate surface.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2002-233568 communique
The problem that invention will solve
But when moistening, it begins the quality of the lubricity when moistening at first, the operability when influence for example begins in organism, to import greatly, even be related to the evaluation of the operability etc. of this utensil easily.Therefore, the lubricity that begins at first when moistening is the key element of particular importance at the aspects such as operability of seeking to improve medical device, need make its optimization.
So; The inventor etc. obtain for example following opinion: under the situation that the substrate surface that utilizes PVP at medical device is coated with; Cementability to base material is good; But then, the rising that begins the lubricity when moistening at first may not be good, also may not deserve to be called beginning to have excellent lubricity when moistening at first.In addition, when wanting to realize the multiple performance as excellent coating with a kind of material, considering the technology, processing of the establishment equal altitudes of new material for example etc., is not to be easy to.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in order to solve above-mentioned problem, and its main purpose is, the medical device and the manufacturing approach thereof that have excellent wettability through the coating portion with easy method establishment capable of using are provided.
The means that are used to deal with problems
The inventor etc. are conceived to: when hydrophilic polymer etc. is moistening, having in the material of lubricity, begin lubricity when lubricated at first according to each material and different, particularly, is different to lubricity by the time required till giving full play in the moistening back of beginning.And, find: through adopting following means, thereby can solve above-mentioned problem based on this opinion.
Promptly; The present invention is formed with the medical device of coating portion for a kind of surface at base material; It is characterized in that above-mentioned coating portion has the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion, the said first lubricated portion is by forming with above-mentioned base material material different; And the lubricity when it is moistening is higher than this base material; The said second lubricated portion is by forming with above-mentioned base material material different, and it is set at least a portion with the outer surface of above-mentioned first lubricated portion's different portions and this coating portion, and the initial lubricity when moistening is than the said first lubricated portion height.
According to above-mentioned formation, the outside of coating portion is exposed by the second lubricated portion that the initial lubricity when moistening is higher.Thus, making under this medical device and the situation that for example water system such as blood, body fluid contacts, give excellent lubricity to substrate surface in the moistening second lubricated portion that initially can utilize.Therefore, this medical device can embody initial lubricity at outer surface through the second lubricated portion, is beginning can to have given play to excellent lubricant effect when moistening at first.Therefore, when in organism, importing this utensil, can successfully insert.
In addition, the present invention is a kind of manufacturing approach of medical device, it is characterized in that, possesses: first operation, use first solution contain with the base material material different, form on the surface of above-mentioned base material when moistening lubricity than this base material high first lubricate portion; Second operation; After above-mentioned first operation; Use contains second solution with above-mentioned base material material different; With at least a portion of the outer surface of above-mentioned first lubricated portion's different portions and this medical device on, form the initial lubricity second lubricated portion higher when moistening than the above-mentioned first lubricated portion.
According to said method, the medical device of the outside of coating portion exposes in the second higher lubricated portion of initial lubricity that can make when moistening.Therefore, making under the medical device of making through method of the present invention and the situation that for example water system such as blood, body fluid the contact, initially can utilize second to lubricate portion gives excellence to substrate surface lubricity moistening.That is, the medical device of making through said method can successfully insert when in organism, importing this utensil beginning can to have given play to excellent lubricant effect when moistening at first.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of an example of the coating portion of this medical device of expression.
Fig. 2 is the figure that is used for explaining the device that the slickness test is used.
Fig. 3 is the figure of expression to the result of the slickness test of 2 layers of coating.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the comparative result of expression this coating portion and single coated.
The specific embodiment
Below, suitably the present invention is elaborated with reference to accompanying drawing.
This coating portion is configured in the surface of medical device; Have the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion; Lubricity during the said first lubricated portion moistening is higher than base material, and the said second lubricated portion is set at least a portion wound on the outer surface with this first lubricated portion's different portions and coating portion.And the initial lubricity during this second lubricated portion moistening is than the first lubricated portion height.
(configuration of the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion)
The first lubricated portion of relevant coating portion and the configuration of the second lubricated portion, at first, one of which is the form of at least a portion of the outer surface that formed coating portion by the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion.At this moment, lubricate portion, thereby form the coating portion of the monolayer that forms by the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion through the first lubricated portion and second is set at substrate surface.
Preferred form is that the first lubricated portion is configured in than the second lubricated portion more near the position of base material side; Preferred form is: coating portion adopts the formation of outermost layer with the outer surface that constitutes this coating portion and the intermediate layer that between the surface of this outermost layer and base material, exists; Outermost layer is formed by the second lubricated portion, and the intermediate layer is formed by the first lubricated portion.
Fig. 1 representes an example of the coating portion of this medical device.As Fig. 1 institute was illustrative, this medical device 10 had coating portion 12 on the surface of base material 11.Coating portion 12 has outermost layer 12a that constitutes its outer surface and the intermediate layer 12b that between the surface of outermost layer 12a and base material 11, exists.And in this utensil 10, at least a portion of this outermost layer 12a forms the second lubricated portion, and intermediate layer 12b forms the first lubricated portion.At this moment, can cover the form of the part of the first lubricated portion, be preferably the form that the as shown in Figure 1 such second lubricated portion covers the whole first lubricated portion for the second lubricated portion.Thus, when this utensil 10 is contacted with blood, body fluid etc.,, can give excellent initial lubricity to the whole outer surface of coating portion 12 through the contained lubricity material of the second lubricated portion.
Under the situation that intermediate layer 12b is formed by the first lubricated portion and outermost layer 12a is formed by the second lubricated portion; Can between intermediate layer 12b and outermost layer 12a, there be other layers that for example contain medicament etc.; Preferred form is: as Fig. 1 institute is illustrative; Outermost layer 12a is range upon range of with the state that joins with intermediate layer 12b, and perhaps outermost layer 12a is layered on the 12b of intermediate layer across the transition zone that contains the contained material of contained material of outermost layer 12a and intermediate layer 12b (diagram slightly).At this moment, outermost layer 12a is fixed on intermediate layer 12b or the transition zone through chemical bonding, that is, preferably, outermost layer 12a can not be fixed on the surface of base material 11 through chemical bonding.Thus, can omit and be used to make outermost layer 12a to be fixed on the processing (for example importing of functional group etc.) of intermediate layer 12b or transition zone, can make the simplified in manufacture of coating portion 12.Especially in formation shown in Figure 1; As the first lubricated portion of intermediate layer 12b be configured in liken to into the second lubricated portion of outermost layer 12a more near the position of base material 11 sides; Therefore; Be not to form under the situation of outermost layer 12a, can keeping the lubricant effect when moistening through this first portion of lubricating by the second lubricated portion.Therefore, the persistence of the lubricant effect of guaranteeing coating portion 12 and can make its simplified in manufacture aspect be useful.
(cementability)
The relevant first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion preferably make the first lubricated portion higher than the second lubricated portion to the cementability of base material to the cementability of base material.More specifically; When the lubricity of the lubricity in the time of will be to the substrate surface under the situation of the surface configuration of the base material first lubricated portion moistening with to the substrate surface under the situation of the surface configuration second lubricated portion of base material moistening the time compares; Lubricity moistening initial configuration second lubricated this side of portion is high; The lubricity that disposes first lubricated this side of portion afterwards is high, and it is preferable adopting such formation.That is, in this coating portion, embody the initial lubricity when moistening, embody the persistence (durability) of lubricant effect through the first lubricated portion through the second lubricated portion.Thus, can more easily give as the excellent desired a plurality of greasy properties of coating, the persistence of promptly initial lubricity and lubricant effect, and then, when inserting this utensil in the organism, can be smoothly and be inserted into target site reliably.Especially be the second lubricated portion and intermediate layer 12b is under the formation of the first lubricated portion at outermost layer 12a as Fig. 1; Can give play to high adhesiveness to the whole bonding plane of coating portion 12 and base material 11; Can give lubricant effect constantly to the surface of base material 11, so preferred.
Can carry out across the layer different at substrate surface as the intermediate layer 12b of the first lubricated portion with intermediate layer 12b bonding, the form that the mode that preferred that kind as shown in Figure 1 contacts with the surface with base material 11 as the intermediate layer 12b of the first lubricated portion disposes.Under this situation, the numerous and diverse processing that is used to form other layers can be omitted, the simplification of the making of this utensil 10 can be realized.
At this moment, about lubricating the thickness of portion, preferably make the thickness of the first lubricated portion bigger than the thickness of the second lubricated portion as the first lubricated portion of intermediate layer 12b and as second of outermost layer 12a.Thus, even do not form under the situation of outermost layer 12a, also can come fully to continue the lubricant effect on the substrate surface through the first lubricated portion as intermediate layer 12b in the second lubricated portion.
As the moistening initial greasy property that makes the second lubricated portion be: the contained lubricity material (the first lubricity material) of the first lubricated portion is become to carry out crosslinked material, make the second lubricated portion contain this first lubricity material than a high form of the first lubricated portion.And, make the crosslinked density that forms by the first lubricity material lower than the first lubricated portion in the second lubricated portion, perhaps in the first lubricated portion, making the first lubricity material is cross-linked structure and in the second lubricated portion, not make the first lubricity material be cross-linked structure.Particularly, make in the first lubricated portion and except that the first lubricity material, also contain cross-linking agent or radical initiator as required.On the other hand, make in the second lubricated portion and do not contain cross-linking agent, the content that perhaps makes the cross-linking agent in the second lubricated portion than first lubricate portion content lack.
Preferably form is, the first lubricity material is contained in the first lubricated portion, and the second lubricity material different with the first lubricity material contained in the second lubricated portion.And the initial lubricity when making the second lubricity material moistening is higher than the first lubricity material, thereby embodies the moistening initial greasy property of the second lubricated portion.Under this situation, make the first lubricity material preferable when higher than the second lubricity material to the cementability of base material.Thus, given play to the duration performance of the lubricant effect of the first lubricated portion through the first lubricity material, its result is: as far as the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion, can more easily embody good cementability or initial lubricity than the opposing party respectively.
For example, as the lubricity material, the material with following characteristic is arranged: the cementability to substrate surface is high, can embody greasy property constantly, and on the other hand, the initial lubricity when moistening is low.Perhaps, on the contrary, the high but material low to the cementability of substrate surface of initial lubricity when moistening arranged.In this; In this formation; Replenish insufficient greasy property in 1 lubricity material (persistence of initial lubricity, lubricant effect) each other through a plurality of lubricity materials, thereby can form the coating portion of the persistence that has initial lubricity and lubricant effect concurrently through better simply processing.
In order to improve the cementability of the first lubricated portion to base material, preferably make the first lubricated portion contain the first lubricity material as main component, further preferably do not contain the second lubricity material that the second lubricity material perhaps contains trace.Its reason is, through the existence second lubricity material in the first lubricated portion, thereby the first lubricated portion (intermediate layer 12b) is reduced to the cementability of base material 11, and the persistence of lubricant effect reduces.
The first lubricity material preferably embodies through utilizing chemical bonds such as covalent bond to be fixed on substrate surface the cementability of base material.Under this situation, as the first lubricity material, it is preferable that use is rich in reactive material than the second lubricity material at least.
The process for fixation of the first lubricity material of this moment does not have special qualification.For example have functional group's bonding of the functional group that makes substrate surface and lubricity material method, or be under the situation of macromolecular material, to the method for substrate surface glycerol polymerization monomer whose etc. at the lubricity material.At this moment; To the position (substrate surface) of the first lubricity material, the bonding first lubricity material, import novel can with the functional group of other functional group's bondings, can make these functional group's bondings through various chemical reactions; Preferable methods is: the solution that contains the first lubricity material in coatings such as substrate surfaces; Afterwards, irradiation through radiation, plasma, ultraviolet etc. etc. makes the functional group of substrate surface and functional group's bonding of lubricity material.According to this process for fixation, can more easily carry out the chemical bonding of the first lubricity material and substrate surface.
On the other hand, the second lubricity material can be fixed on the substrate surface or the first lubricity material, also can not be fixed on the substrate surface or the first lubricity material.Its reason is, even the second lubricity material is not fixed on the substrate surface or the first lubricity material, also can continue the lubricant effect of substrate surface through the first lubricity material.In addition, need not to use to the high material of the cementability of base material as the second lubricity material, the material chosen scope is wide.
Contain the second lubricity material and bring into play in the formation of initial lubricity through the second lubricity material in the second lubricated portion, the first lubricity material, other lubricity materials can be contained in the second lubricated portion.Preferred form is: the lubricity material beyond the second lubricity material is not contained in the second lubricated portion, and perhaps in the formation that contains the first lubricity material, the weight rate of the second lubricity material and the first lubricity material is more than 1.Thus, can keep the initial lubricity when moistening than the highland.But the sense of being clamminess when contacting in order to be suppressed at the operator as much as possible is employed in that the second lubricity material is contained in the second lubricated portion that constitutes outermost layer 12a and the formation that do not contain the first lubricity material is preferable.
In addition, can form under the situation of crosslinked material as the first lubricity material and the second lubricity material, preferably make the crosslinked density of the first lubricated portion higher than the second lubricated portion in use.More preferably the first lubricity material is crosslinked and form that the second lubricity material is crosslinked hardly.Thus, can improve the moistening initial hydrophilic of the second lubricated portion.
(the first lubricity material and the second lubricity material)
As the first lubricity material and the second lubricity material, can use the lubricity material higher when different with base material and moistening than base material, wherein, can preferably use hydrophilic polymer.In hydrophilic polymer, wait through heat or rayed to form intermolecular cross-linking.Hydrophilic polymer after this is crosslinked absorbs water and swelling (moistening) through contacting with water systems such as body fluid, normal saline solutions, becomes the hydrogel with lubricity.In such hydrogel, the capture velocity of the water when contacting with water system (absorption speed) is different in different materials, and according to the difference of this absorption speed, the initial lubricity when moistening can be easy to produce good and bad.Promptly; When contacting with water system; The quick swelling of hydrophilic polymer that the capture velocity of water is fast embodies lubricity immediately, and is opposite; The slow hydrophilic polymer of the capture velocity of water reaches swelling need expend the long time for can embody sufficient lubricity the time, reaches the time that needs when embodying good lubricity than length.Given this plant situation, in this coating portion, at the capture velocity of the outer surface of coating portion configuration water hydrophilic polymer (the second lubricity material) faster.Thus, with the contacting of water system the time, the quick swelling of the outer surface of coating portion, its result embodies lubricity apace for the outer surface at this utensil.
The relevant first lubricity material and the second lubricity material; Particularly; The first lubricity material is preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) etc. and gathers-and N-vinyl lactam, ethylene ethyl ether copolymer-maleic anhydride based polymer, be in the polyacrylamide based polymer etc. of main composition composition a kind or multiple with acrylamide, its derivant, PVP more preferably.PVP has the ketopyrrolidine ring, therefore, exists at substrate surface under the situation of reactive higher functional group, through the activation that utilizes irradiation ultraviolet radiation etc. to carry out, can easily carry out the bonding with the functional group of substrate surface.
In addition, as the second lubricity material, be preferably in PEO (PEO), hydroxyethyl-cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, glucosan, the gelatin etc. a kind or multiple, more preferably PEO.
The preferred especially first lubricity material is that the PVP and the second lubricity material are the combination of PEO.Will be when the lubricity of substrate surface during respectively by PVP, moistening when PEO forms thin film compares, moistening initial, the side of configuration PEO be good in the lubricity of substrate surface, and afterwards, a side who disposes PVP is good in the lubricity of substrate surface.Particularly under the situation that (moistening initial) lubricity with the later stage (moistening later stage) of sliding of will sliding with regard to PVP initially compares, later stage one side of sliding has the such characteristic of lubricity height.Therefore; That kind as shown in Figure 1; Be configured under the situation of outer surface of coating portion making PVP be bonded in substrate surface and the PEO that initial lubricity is excellent, apply flexibly the cementability of the excellence that PVP has, and replenish the insufficient initial lubricity of PVP through PEO.
In addition, the persistence of the lubricant effect among the PEO is more inferior than PVP, and its reason is thought: compare with PVP, PEO's is reactive low, and its result is not for to utilize chemical bonding to fix between substrate surface and PEO.Consider this point, even think that PEO can not be fixed on that PVP goes up or can to fix its crystallized ability also low.On this aspect, in the formation of Fig. 1, keeping the state that PVP is adhered to substrate surface; Therefore; As time goes on, even contain the persistence reduction that second of PEO lubricates the lubricant effect of portion, also can embody lubricant effect constantly at substrate surface through PVP.
And then PEO and PVP are general materials, obtain easily.In addition, though PEO and PVP are not the materials from biology, be used as medical application, organism safety, organism adaptability are also excellent.Through using multiple so excellent versatile material of organism safety/organism adaptability; The technology so highly such as establishment that need not new material are that easy method capable of using is made this coating portion; And the greasy property when moistening is excellent, is preferred in this.In addition, compare with PVP, the be clamminess sense of PEO when the operator contacts is little, and sense of touch is good.Therefore, through outer surface configuration PEO, thereby can carry out the processing of this utensil well in coating portion.
In addition, using under the situation of hydrophilic polymer as the first lubricity material,, preferably make the first lubricated portion contain cross-linking agent in order to improve the cementability of the first lubricity material and substrate surface.On the other hand, cross-linking agent can be contained in the second lubricated portion, also can not contain cross-linking agent.In addition, the content of the cross-linking agent of the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion is as long as suitably confirm, when containing excessive cross-linking agent, the wettability when moistening reduces, so not preferred.
As cross-linking agent; Do not have special qualification, use (1) a part for example have isocyanate compound, (4) radical initiators etc. such as the monomer of a plurality of vinyls, material that (2) have 2 above glycidyls, (3) vulcabond, triisocyanate at least any.In addition; As (1), for example can enumerate out neopentylglycol diacrylate (NPGDA), PAG diacrylate (methacrylate) [(gathering) glycol diacrylate (methacrylate), (gathering) propylene glycol diacrylate (methacrylate)], alkanediol diacrylate (methacrylate) etc.As (2), for example can enumerate out PAG diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, epoxidised soybean oil etc.As (3), for example can enumerate out the modification body of vulcabond such as methyl diphenylene diisocyanate, toluene di-isocyanate(TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate or its adduct, furan first thiophanate (furophanate), biuret, isocyanuric acid ester etc.As (4), can enumerate out azobis isobutyronitrile azos such as (AIBN) series initiators, peroxide series initiators etc., be preferably the initiator that produces a plurality of free radicals with a part.Wherein, using under PVP, the situation of PEO, can more preferably use the combination of neopentylglycol diacrylate (NPGDA) and radical initiator (for example AIBN) as the lubricity material.
(medical device and base material)
As medical device; Get final product so long as be used for the utensil of bio-tissue contact; For example can enumerate out biological intravital pipe such as blood vessel, digestive tube, urinary catheter, trachea, the various conduits that insert body cavity, seal wire, support, endoscope, contact lens, artificial blood vessel, artificial joint etc., but not receive the qualification of these utensils.
Base material is for example by polyolefin such as Pebax polyethers such as (registered trade marks) polyamide block copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, resins such as polyether-ether-ketone, nylon, polyester, polyester elastomer, polyimides, polyurethane, formations such as metal.Be preferably the resin that polyethers polyamide block copolymer, nylon, polyester, polyester elastomer, polyimides, polyurethane, vinyl chloride etc. have polar group.In addition, when carrying out suitable surface treatment, can use polyolefin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyether-ether-ketone, metal etc. for the immobilization of carrying out the first lubricity material.
(manufacturing approach of medical device)
The manufacturing approach of medical device of the present invention has: first operation, use first solution contain with the base material material different, form on the surface of above-mentioned base material when moistening lubricity than this base material high first lubricate portion; Second operation; After first operation; Use contains second solution with the base material material different, with at least a portion of the outer surface of first lubricated portion's different portions and this medical device on, form when moistening initial lubricity than the first lubricated portion high second lubricate portion.Below, suitably use Fig. 1 that the making step of coating portion 12 shown in Figure 1 is described.Said coating portion 12 in detail, forms the first lubricated portion as intermediate layer 12b at substrate surface, and forms the second lubricated portion as outermost layer 12a at the outer surface of coating portion 12.
(first operation)
In first operation, at first, prepare first solution, said first solution contains first conduct of lubricity material and base material material different.The first lubricity material be can dissolve as long as be used to prepare the solvent of first solution, pure systems such as isopropyl alcohol, distilled water, their mixed solution etc. for example used.Then, first solution is contacted with the surface of base material 11.The form of contact does not have special qualification, for example can use the whole bag of tricks such as coating, dipping, spraying.In addition; At first solution with before the surface of base material 11 contacts; Can implement to be used to improve the surface treatment of the cementability of the substrate surface and the first lubricity material, particularly, the for example processing of these types such as Corona discharge Treatment, Cement Composite Treated by Plasma, ultraviolet radiation processing.
Afterwards, in the presence of first solution, for example make the first lubricity material adhesive on the surface of base material 11 through ultraviolet radiation.At this moment, when forming the first lubricity material crosslinked, need under the situation of cross-linking agent and radical initiator, make and contain cross-linking agent and radical initiator in first solution in advance.In addition; For example for as PVP, under the situation that does not have cross-linking agent and radical initiator, forming crosslinked lubricity material through irradiation ultraviolet radiation etc.; Also contain cross-linking agent and radical initiator in first solution, thereby can improve the cementability of the first lubricity material and substrate surface through making in advance.According to upper type, lubricate portion as first of intermediate layer 12b in the formation of the surface of base material 11.
(second operation)
Next first operation implements second operation after finishing.In second operation, at first, prepare second solution, said second solution contains the first lubricity material or the second lubricity material, the preferred second above-mentioned conduct of lubricity material and base material material different.The solvent of second solution can be different with the solvent that uses in the preparation of first solution, also can be identical solvents.Then, making second solution and the outer surface of this utensil 10 is that the outer surface of intermediate layer 12b (first lubricated portion) contacts, and afterwards, waits the immobilization of the lubricity material that carries out in second solution through ultraviolet radiation.At this moment; Irradiation through ultraviolet etc.; Make the lubricity material generation in second solution crosslinked, be preferably the crosslinked density state lower, the state that perhaps is not crosslinked than the first lubricity material in the first lubricated portion with the first lubricity material equal extent ground in the first lubricated portion.In addition, in second solution, cross-linking agent and radical initiator can be contained, also cross-linking agent and radical initiator can be do not contained.According to upper type, lubricate portion as second of outermost layer 12a in the outer surface formation of the first lubricated portion.
As the first lubricity material and the second lubricity material, the combination of preferably polyethylene ketopyrrolidine (PVP) and PEO (PEO).In addition, in second solution, contain under the situation of the second lubricity material, the PEO concentration in second solution under the combination of this second lubricity concentration of material, particularly PVP and PEO is preferably more than the 0.1 weight % and below the 1.0 weight %.Through making this concentration is more than the 0.1 weight %, thereby can make the amount of the second contained lubricity material of outermost layer 12a become the amount that is enough at the excellent lubricant effect of moistening initial performance.In addition, be below the 1.0 weight % through making this concentration, it is too excessive that the amount of the second lubricity material that outermost layer 12a is contained can not become, the second lubricity material when moistening by swelling moderately.More preferably more than the 0.1 weight % and below the 0.82 weight %, further be preferably more than the 0.2 weight % and below the 0.55 weight %.Especially, be more than the 0.25 weight % and under the situation below the 0.5 weight % in this concentration, can give excellent lubricity to substrate surface.
The thickness of the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion can be adjusted according to the coating number of times of first solution and second solution, the lubricity concentration of material in the solution.Therefore; In order to make the first lubricated portion thicker than the second lubricated portion, making the first lubricity concentration of material in first solution is preferable than the high coating number of times that perhaps makes first solution of the second lubricity concentration of material in second solution than the coating of second solution often.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be described to enumerate concrete example, but the present invention is not defined as following embodiment.
(1) preparation of coating solution
Preparation is used for the coating solution that the substrate surface at medical device is coated with.At this, prepare two kinds of PVP coating solution and PEO coating solutions.The PVP coating solution uses isopropyl alcohol and distilled water with 4: 1 (weight ratio) blended mixed solvents, to wherein adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, grade K-90; Molecular weight is 360,000; With the pure medicine manufacturing of light), neopentylglycol diacrylate (NPGDA, ALDRICH manufactured), azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN, KISHIDA chemistry); Stir, prepare this coating solution thus.Concentration in the relevant PVP coating solution, PVP is 0.82 weight %, NPGDA is 15 weight % with respect to the PVP amount.In addition, add a spot of AIBN.
The PEO coating solution uses the mixed solvent identical with the PVP coating solution, to wherein adding PEO (PEO, SIGMA-ALDRICH manufactured), stirs, and prepares this coating solution thus.The concentration of PEO in the PEO coating solution is 0.25 weight %.
(2) coating of base material
As medical device, use the conduit that forms base material by Pebax (registered trade mark), to the surface of this base material, use 2 kinds of above-mentioned coating solutions (PVP coating solution, PEO coating solution) to be coated with.As application step, at first, through substrate surface is carried out the surface treatment that corona discharge carries out base material.Then, at the PVP coating solution of substrate surface coating, afterwards, carry out UV irradiation in 90 seconds through dip coating by above-mentioned (1) preparation.At this, the dip-coating that utilizes the PVP coating solution and subsequent this a series of processing of UV irradiation are carried out 2 times.Afterwards, further be coated with PEO coating solution at the outer surface of conduit, carry out UV irradiation in 30 seconds by above-mentioned (1) preparation through dip coating.Thus, obtain forming the conduit (with reference to Fig. 1) of PEO layer at substrate surface formation PVP layer, in the more lateral of this PVP layer.In addition, during the conduit that touches gained of catching surperficial, the sense of not being clamminess, the hands sense of touch is good.
The evaluation of the lubricity when (3) moistening
(3-1) slickness test
As the slickness test that is used for the conduit after the coating is estimated the lubricity when moistening, use device 20 shown in Figure 2 to measure frictional resistance value.As device 20, as shown in Figure 2, use the device that disposes rubber slab 22 at the hollow bulb of tank 21.In addition, rubber slab 22 can utilize back shaft (diagram slightly) to support with the state that is fixed in assigned position.Rubber slab 22 uses natural rubber system, the thickness plate as 3mm.Through making pin (18G) this rubber slab 22 that vertically punctures, thereby the grooving 23 at the surface and the back side of running through rubber slab 22 is set above that.The mensuration of relevant frictional resistance value at first, is inserted core (metallic) in the inside of a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing of being prepared 24 (conduit), makes the grooving 23 of this corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing 24 through rubber slab 22, and is fixed in the tank 21 that is filled with water.At this moment, through back shaft rubber slab 22 is fixed on the assigned position in the tank 21.Afterwards, a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing 24 is moved back and forth at above-below direction, the rubber slab 22 that utilizes 25 pairs of this moments of frictional resistance determinator (digital ergometer) carries out side with the frictional resistance of a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing 24.With this measured value as frictional resistance value [gf].At this moment, haul distance is made as 10cm, travel speed be made as 13 back and forth/minute, measure thus.
(3-2) preparation of a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing
As the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing of slickness test, according to preparing different 4 corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing (PEO concentration: 0.1 weight %, 0.25 weight %, 0.5 weight %, 0.82 weight %) (corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering is respectively 1～4) of PEO concentration in the PEO coating solution with above-mentioned (2) same coating process.In addition, with respect to PEO concentration, preparation contains the PEO coating solution of above-mentioned (1) of the NPGDA of 37.5 weight %, prepares to use to prepare the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing (corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbers 5) that liquid utilization and above-mentioned (2) same method are carried out coated.In addition, corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 1～5 is to form the PVP layer and further 2 layers of coating of formation PEO layer in its outside at substrate surface.
In addition, as comparative example, prepare to utilize dip coating, and form the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing of single coated through irradiation UV at a kind of coating solution of substrate surface coating.At this, these 3 corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing of a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing (corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 8) of having prepared to use the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing (corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6) of 1.0 weight %PEO coating solutions, a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing (corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7) that uses 0.82 weight %PVP coating solution, use to contain the coating solution of 0.50 weight %PEO and 0.50 weight %PVP.In addition, add NPGDA in the coating fluid that in the making of the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing of corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6～8, uses.At this moment, in corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6,, make NPGDA concentration become 37.5 weight % with respect to PEO concentration; In corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7,, make NPGDA concentration become 15 weight % with respect to PVP concentration; In corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 8,, make NPGDA concentration become 37.5 weight % with respect to the total concentration of PEO and PVP.In addition, each solution is little by little added a spot of AIBN.The conclusions such as composition of 8 corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing are shown in the following table 1.
[table 1]
Lubricity evaluation when (3-3) moistening
Each corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing is carried out the slickness test of above-mentioned (3-1).The slickness test is carried out behind enforcement eo sterilization (EOG sterilization).In addition, when slickness is tested, make haul distance and the travel speed of a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing when moving back and forth identical between each corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing.
(3-4) the lubricity evaluation of 2 layers of coating
The result who the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 1～4 of utilizing PEO and PVP to carry out 2 layers of coating is carried out the slickness test is as shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 3, at first, the initial lubricity when moistening; With regard to 1 back and forth～5 each Resistance Values [gf] after back and forth, be 11～16 in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 1, be 7.5～9.5 in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2; In the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 3 is 9.0～12, is 15～19 in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 4.In addition, in an arbitrary corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing, along with the increase of reciprocal time, Resistance Value diminishes to the variation that increases side, and 50 Resistance Values after back and forth are about 1.3～2.3 times of 1 Resistance Value after back and forth.This shows that corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 1～4 can continue to keep the initial lubricity when moistening, the persistence of lubricant effect (durability) is good.
Especially the PEO concentration in the PEO coating solution is in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 3 of corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2 and 0.5 weight % of 0.25 weight %; Compare with other a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing, visible: whole Resistance Values all diminish, and along with the increase of reciprocal time; The variation of Resistance Value diminishes, and sliding is very good.Wherein, especially in corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2, what move back and forth begins (beginning moistening at first) most to end, and Resistance Value is minimum in 4 corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing, and under the situation that repeats to move back and forth, Resistance Value is constant also.Initial lubricity and durability when being corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2 moistening of 0.25 weight % by the above PEO of we can say concentration are the most excellent.
In addition, in making the PEO coating solution, contain in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 5 of NPGDA, demonstrate the passing of numbering 2 roughly the same Resistance Values with a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing, 1 back and forth～50 each Resistance Value constants in 8～11 scope after back and forth.This shows that the PEO layer can contain NPGDA, also can not contain NPGDA.
And then, to each corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing, after the EOG sterilization, and then behind the activated deterioration test (60 ℃, 1 month) that enforcement utilization heating is carried out, carried out above-mentioned slickness test.Its result is: all roughly the same before 1 Resistance Value after back and forth and the activated deterioration test in an arbitrary corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing, in addition, 50 Resistance Values after back and forth are 1 below 1.5 times of Resistance Value after reciprocal.Product life that we can say a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing 1～4 thus is good.
(3-5) with the comparison of single coated
In the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing of 2 layers of coating numbering 1～4, the especially good corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2 of surface lubrication property when moistening compares with corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6 (PEO is independent), corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7 (PVP is independent), corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 8 (mixed stockers of PEO and PVP) of single coated.Its result is as shown in Figure 4.In addition, among Fig. 4, solid line is represented the passing of the Resistance Value of corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2, and dotted line is represented the passing of the Resistance Value of corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6, the passing of the Resistance Value of single-point line expression corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7, and the passing of the Resistance Value of corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 8 is represented in double dot dash line.In addition, Fig. 4 is behind the heat sterilization and the preceding result of the test of the enforcement of activated deterioration test.
That kind as shown in Figure 4, in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 8 of the independent corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing of PEO numbering 6 and mixed stocker, with regard to 1 back and forth～3 Resistance Values after back and forth with regard to, with corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2 so big difference not.But in corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6,8, along with the increase of reciprocal time, it is big that Resistance Value becomes, 50 back and forth after, relative therewith for about 1.3 times of 1 Resistance Value after back and forth in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2, be about 4 times of 1 Resistance Value after back and forth in the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6,8.We can say thus, in the single coated (corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6,8) of PEO or mixed stocker, though can give initial lubricity to medical device; But and the initial lubricity that kind that is not so good as corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2 is good; In addition, with regard to durability, also number 2 inferior than a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing.
With regard to the single coated of PVP (corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7), from moistening initial Resistance Value [gf], be 18 after back and forth at 1, all bigger than any one of corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2,6,8.If should value and a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing number 2 and compare, then be that a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing is numbered 2 more than 2 times.In addition, in corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7, from 1 back and forth～10 each Resistance Values after back and forth, along with reciprocal time increases, Resistance Value diminishes, and afterwards, roughly becomes constant 12～13.This shows that the moistening initial lubricity in the single coated of PVP when moistening is so not good, need the long time when embodying lubricity.In addition, the initial lubricity of PVP is low, and its reason is inferred to be: in PVP, with situation that water system contacts under, the capture velocity (absorption speed) of the water when between strand, drawing water is slower than PEO, needs the long time during to abundant swelling.
In addition, with regard to corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7, Resistance Value become constant after, Resistance Value is littler than corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6,8, and numbers 2 big than a corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing.Visible by above situation, the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7 and the outer surface of the single coated of PVP is formed with the corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 6,8 of the layer that contains PEO to be compared, and the initial lubricity when moistening is inferior, on the contrary, can embody good lubricity afterwards.On the other hand, visible, in corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 7 and corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2, the two is all good for the initial lubricity of corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing numbering 2 and the persistence (durability) of lubricant effect.To sum up, compare 2 layers of coating one side's of PVP layer and PEO layer initial lubricity and excellent in te pins of durability with any one single coated of carrying out at least of utilizing PVP and PEO.In addition, the hands sense of touch on the surface of the conduit of relevant gained is compared with the single coated of the mixed stocker of single coated, PVP and the PEO of PVP, and the sense of being clamminess is also little, and the hands sense of touch is also good.
Symbol description
10... medical device, 11... base material, 12... coating portion, 12a... outermost layer, 12b... intermediate layer, 20... device, 21... tank, 22... rubber slab, 23... grooving, a 24... corpse or other object for laboratory examination and chemical testing, 25... frictional resistance determinator.
Claims (13)
1. medical device, it is the medical device that is formed with coating portion on the surface of base material, it is characterized in that,
Said coating portion has the first lubricated portion and the second lubricated portion,
The said first lubricated portion is by forming with said base material material different, and the lubricity when moistening is than this base material height,
The said second lubricated portion is by forming with said base material material different, be arranged at least a portion with the outer surface of said first lubricated portion's different portions and this coating portion, and the initial lubricity when moistening is than the said first lubricated portion height.
2. medical device according to claim 1, wherein,
Lubricity than the said base material high lubricity material of the first lubricity material when moistening contained in the said first lubricated portion,
The second lubricity material different with the said first lubricity material contained in the said second lubricated portion.
3. medical device according to claim 2, wherein,
Said first lubricity material and the said second lubricity material are hydrophilic polymer.
4. medical device according to claim 3, wherein,
The said first lubricity material is a polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the said second lubricity material is a PEO.
5. according to each described medical device in the claim 2～4, wherein,
The said first lubricity material is fixed on the said base material through chemical bonding, and the said second lubricity material is not fixed on the said base material through chemical bonding.
6. according to each described medical device in the claim 1～5, wherein,
The said first lubricated portion is higher than the said second lubricated portion to the cementability of said base material.
7. according to each described medical device in the claim 1～6, wherein,
When the lubricity of the lubricity will be to moistening under the situation of the lubricated portion of the surface configuration of said base material said first time with to moistening under the situation of the surface configuration of the said base material said second lubricated portion time compares; Lubricity moistening initial said second lubricated this side of portion of configuration down is high, and the lubricity that disposes said first lubricated this side of portion afterwards is high.
8. according to each described medical device in the claim 1～7, wherein,
Said coating portion has the outermost layer of the outer surface that constitutes this coating portion, the intermediate layer that between the surface of this outermost layer and said base material, exists,
Said outermost layer is formed by the said second lubricated portion, and said intermediate layer is formed by the said first lubricated portion.
9. medical device according to claim 8, wherein,
Said outermost layer is stacked on this intermediate layer, or is layered on the said intermediate layer across the transition zone that comprises the material that is contained in material that said outermost layer contained and said intermediate layer with the state layer that joins with said intermediate layer.
10. the manufacturing approach of a medical device is characterized in that, comprising:
First operation is used first solution contain with the base material material different, form on the surface of said base material when moistening lubricity than this base material high first lubricate portion;
Second operation; After said first operation; Use contains second solution with said base material material different, with at least a portion of the outer surface of said first lubricated portion's different portions and this medical device on form the initial lubricity second lubricated portion higher when moistening than the said first lubricated portion.
11. the manufacturing approach of medical device according to claim 10, wherein,
Contain lubricity than the said base material high lubricity material of the first lubricity material when moistening in said first solution,
Contain the second lubricity material different in said second solution with the said first lubricity material.
12. the manufacturing approach of medical device according to claim 11, wherein,
The said first lubricity material is a polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the said second lubricity material is a PEO.
13. according to the manufacturing approach of claim 11 or 12 described medical devices, wherein,
The said second lubricity concentration of material in said second solution is more than the 0.2 quality % and below the 0.55 quality %.
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| JP2010094620 | 2010-04-16 | ||
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| PCT/JP2011/055202 WO2011129162A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-03-07 | Medical instrument and process for production thereof |
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| ES2926920T3 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2022-10-31 | Teleflex Life Sciences Pte Ltd | Method for manufacturing a ready-to-use catheter assembly and a ready-to-use catheter assembly |
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| EP0093094A1 (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1983-11-02 | Astra Meditec AB | Process for the preparation of a hydrophilic coating |
| US5041100A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-08-20 | Cordis Corporation | Catheter and hydrophilic, friction-reducing coating thereon |
| US5776611A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-07-07 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Crosslinked hydrogel coatings |
| CN1210554A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1999-03-10 | 表面溶解实验室公司 | Water-based hydrophilic coating compositions and articles prepared therefrom |
| WO2005030094A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-07 | Angiotech Biocoatings Corp. | Medicated stent having multi-layer polymer coating |
| US20060263404A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-11-23 | Nielsen Bo R | Assembly for the preparation of a medical device having a coating comprising hydrogen peroxide |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007094738A1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-23 | Merlin Md Pte Ltd | Endovascular device with membrane |
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- 2011-03-07 CN CN201180013269.8A patent/CN102791317B/en active Active
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0093094A1 (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1983-11-02 | Astra Meditec AB | Process for the preparation of a hydrophilic coating |
| US5041100A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-08-20 | Cordis Corporation | Catheter and hydrophilic, friction-reducing coating thereon |
| CN1210554A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1999-03-10 | 表面溶解实验室公司 | Water-based hydrophilic coating compositions and articles prepared therefrom |
| US5776611A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-07-07 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Crosslinked hydrogel coatings |
| US20060263404A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-11-23 | Nielsen Bo R | Assembly for the preparation of a medical device having a coating comprising hydrogen peroxide |
| WO2005030094A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-07 | Angiotech Biocoatings Corp. | Medicated stent having multi-layer polymer coating |
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| JPWO2011129162A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
| JP5805627B2 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
| CN102791317B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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