CN102784006A - Radio frequency ablation electrode for treatment of hypertension - Google Patents
Radio frequency ablation electrode for treatment of hypertension Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102784006A CN102784006A CN2012103025444A CN201210302544A CN102784006A CN 102784006 A CN102784006 A CN 102784006A CN 2012103025444 A CN2012103025444 A CN 2012103025444A CN 201210302544 A CN201210302544 A CN 201210302544A CN 102784006 A CN102784006 A CN 102784006A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flexible support
- electrode
- water injection
- radio
- frequency ablation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention provides a radio frequency ablation electrode, in particular to a radio frequency ablation electrode for treatment of hypertension, aiming to solve the problem that the vascular walls can be easily injured by heat generated by the electrode. The radio frequency ablation electrode comprises a handle, an outer casing, a flexible bracket and an electrode, wherein one end of the outer casing is arranged in the handle; the electrode is fixed on the flexible bracket; a water injection hole is formed in the handle; liquid injected through the water injection hole flows into vessels through a water delivering pipeline, wherein the liquid is low-temperature mixed liquid of normal saline and an anti-hemagglutination agent; and during spot ablation of the vessels, the low-temperature mixed liquid is used for cooling the vascular walls at non-treated parts. The radio frequency ablation electrode disclosed by the invention employs a way of injecting the low-temperature mixed liquid into the vessels, thereby cooling surrounding vascular walls rapidly, protecting the vascular wall of renal artery from being injured by the heat generated by the electrode, and further achieving the purpose of treating hypertension; and in addition, through action of the low-temperature mixed liquid, the flexible bracket can also avoid injury to the vascular walls due to excessive tension.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medical machinery, particularly a kind of radio-frequency ablation electrode especially a kind ofly is used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode.
Background technology
In Granted publication day is December in 2011 14 days; Granted publication number is in the Chinese patent of CN202069688U; Disclose a kind of radio-frequency ablation electrode of treating intractable hypertension, this radio-frequency ablation electrode comprises electrode tip, flexible support, sleeve pipe, conduit and joystick, and electrode tip is fixed on the flexible support; Flexible support has elasticity, and it is wrapped in the sleeve pipe with the mode of shrinking; Joystick control is melted the time, and electrode tip is arranged on the maximum cross section after flexible support launches.Use is under the guiding of B ultrasonic or CT image documentation equipment, and femoral artery puncture inserts the treatment conduit, be advanced into the renal artery far-end after, support and electrode tip are deviate from from sleeve pipe, release energy in point of care, carry out RF ablation, to reach therapeutic purposes.In therapeutic process, the temperature of electrode tip is controlled between 40 ℃～75 ℃.
Yet because the temperature that is discharged in the electrode tip is too much, arteriorenal blood vessel wall can cause damage to it under the effect of high-temperature heat, for the patient causes new injury.Therefore, be badly in need of aly when carrying out ablation process, also can not cause the radio-frequency ablation electrode of damage arteriorenal blood vessel wall through the electrode pair point of care.
Summary of the invention
To the weak point of above-mentioned technology, what the present invention provided the heat loss of a kind of mode that adopts water filling to avoid blood vessel wall and produced by electrode is used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode that is used to treat, and comprises handle, trocar sheath, flexible support and electrode; One end of said trocar sheath is arranged in the said handle; Said electrode is fixed on the said flexible support, also is provided with connected temperature detecting resistance at the end of said flexible support, on said handle, is provided with water injection hole; The liquid that is injected by said water injection hole flows into blood vessel through hydraulic pipeline; Said liquid is the low-temperature mixed liquid that normal saline and anticoagulant are processed, and blood vessel wall is being put when melting, and low-temperature mixed liquid is used to reduce the temperature of peripheral vessels wall.
Wherein, the temperature of said normal saline is 0 ℃.
Wherein, in said trocar sheath, be provided with the inner sleeve that is wrapped in the thermometric lead and the radio-frequency electrode lead outside, on the outer wall of said inner sleeve, also be enclosed with protecting film.
Wherein, The said trocar sheath that said hydraulic pipeline is communicated with by water injection pipe and with it constitutes; The end of said water injection pipe is communicated with said water injection hole; The front end of said water injection pipe extends in the said trocar sheath, and low-temperature mixed liquid flows to said trocar sheath through said water injection pipe, and is flowed in the blood vessel by the front end output of said trocar sheath.
Wherein, on the tube wall of said trocar sheath front end, also be provided with a plurality of apopores.
Wherein, Said hydraulic pipeline is made up of water injection pipe and the water sink that is communicated with it; The front end of said water injection pipe extends to the inside of said water sink; On the outer wall of said water sink, be provided with a plurality of apopores, low-temperature mixed liquid flows in the said water sink through said water injection pipe and said outlet tube, and is flowed in the blood vessel by a plurality of said apopore outputs.
Wherein, Said flexible support adopts memorial alloy to process; On said flexible support, be enclosed with protecting film; After said flexible support launches can be soft under the effect of low-temperature mixed liquid be fitted on the blood vessel wall, and can not produce pressure to blood vessel wall, the maximum cross section diameter after its expansion is 7mm.
Wherein, on said handle, also be provided with pusher, said pusher is used to control said flexible support and said temperature detecting resistance or said flexible support, said temperature detecting resistance and said water sink are pushed to said trocar sheath by the inside of said trocar sheath the outside.
Wherein, said flexible support is long bird-caging structure, also is provided with positioning head at the front end of said flexible support, at the reflective membrane that is coated with of said positioning head.
Wherein, said flexible support is a flared structure, is provided with annulus at the front end of said flexible support, and said annulus is played a supporting role to the flexible support after launching.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention adopts the mode of water filling in blood vessel, when making the electrode pair point of care carry out ablation process, also can not cause damage to arteriorenal blood vessel wall, thereby reaches the hypertensive purpose of treatment, has characteristics such as easy and simple to handle, that use is flexible;
2, the liquid that is injected by water injection hole flows into blood vessel through hydraulic pipeline, therefore, blood vessel wall is being put when melting; Can the low-temperature mixed liquid of normal saline and anticoagulant be injected blood vessel; Can reduce the temperature of peripheral vessels wall, the heat loss of avoiding blood vessel wall to be produced by electrode, in addition; Can also dilute the blood in the blood vessel through anticoagulant low-temperature mixed liquid, prevent that localized hyperthermia from bringing out thrombosis.
3, the flexible support of being processed by memorial alloy is under the effect of low-temperature mixed liquid; Its diameter that launches the back cross section is merely 7mm; Can not make flexible support produce excessive tension force; It is fitted on the blood vessel with soft mode, avoids because the overtension of flexible support causes damage to blood vessel wall; In addition, flexible support also is convenient to be recycled in the trocar sheath under the effect of low-temperature mixed liquid;
4, owing to be coated with visible reflective membrane under CT or DSA, therefore, be convenient to observing its position in arteries on the screen at positioning head.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of third embodiment of the invention.
Main symbol description is following:
1-handle 2-pusher 3-trocar sheath
4-inner sleeve 5-flexible support 6-electrode
7-temperature detecting resistance 8-water injection hole 9-apopore
10-thermometric socket 11-radio-frequency electrode socket
12-water sink 13-thermometric lead 14-radio-frequency electrode lead
15-positioning head 16-annulus 17-water filling sealing gasket
18-water-injecting cavity 19-constraint pipe 20-water injection pipe
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode that is used to treat, and comprises handle 1, trocar sheath 3, flexible support 5 and electrode 6.On handle 1, also be provided with pusher 2, this pusher 2 pushes to the outside of trocar sheath 3 with flexible support 5 and temperature detecting resistance 7 by the inside of trocar sheath 3, makes in its intravasation.On handle, also be provided with scale marker, through watching scale marker, thereby learn the length in the flexible support intravasation.On handle, also be provided with the water filling sealing gasket.The end of trocar sheath 3 is arranged on the inside of handle 1, and its front end is arranged on the outside of handle.Flexible support 4 is arranged on the front end of trocar sheath 3, and electrode 6 is installed on the flexible support 5.Flexible support 5 adopts the memorial alloy with elastic effect to process, and on flexible support, is enclosed with protecting film.But, on the contact surface of flexible support 5 and electrode 6, do not wrap up protecting film, therefore, be effective in radio-frequency current is sent in the electrode.Front end at flexible support 5 also is provided with positioning head 15, at the reflective membrane that is coated with of positioning head 15, is convenient on CT or DSA, observe its position in arteries through reflective membrane.When flexible support did not extend to the outside of trocar sheath, this flexible support was to adopt the contraction mode to be wrapped in the trocar sheath; When flexible support extends to the outside of trocar sheath, and in the intravasation time, flexible support can launch to be long lantern shape automatically under the blood vessel action of temperature, and is fitted on the blood vessel.
Electrode 6 can be on flexible support 5 varying cross-sections.Electrode 6 is connected with radio-frequency electrode lead 14 in the trocar sheath 3 through flexible support 5, the other end of radio-frequency electrode lead 14 be arranged on handle 1 terminal radio-frequency electrode socket 11 and be connected, the radio-frequency electrode socket is connected with the radio-frequency electrode generator of outside.In ablation procedure, electrode can produce 60 ℃ temperature.
End at flexible support 5 also is provided with connected temperature detecting resistance 7, and this temperature detecting resistance is a critesistor.Temperature detecting resistance 7 is connected with thermometric lead 13 in the trocar sheath 3, and temperature detecting resistance is used for the temperature of detecting electrode at ablation procedure.The other end of thermometric lead 13 is connected with the thermometric socket 10 that is arranged on handle 1 end.
The liquid that is injected by water injection hole 8 flows into blood vessel through hydraulic pipeline; This hydraulic pipeline is made up of water injection pipe 20 and the trocar sheath 3 that is communicated with it, and the end of water injection pipe 20 is communicated with water injection hole 8, the front end of water injection pipe 20 extend to trocar sheath 3 in; Low-temperature mixed liquid flows to trocar sheath through water injection pipe; After the low-temperature mixed liquid stream is gone into trocar sheath, make and form water-injecting cavity in the trocar sheath, low-temperature mixed liquid is flowed in the blood vessel by the water side output of trocar sheath front end.The liquid that is injected by water injection hole is the low-temperature mixed liquid of normal saline and anticoagulant preparation, and the mixed proportion of normal saline and anticoagulant is identical with the mixed proportion of present clinical employing.Behind the flexible support intravasation, because the temperature in the blood vessel is higher than 36 ℃, therefore, the flexible support that adopts memorial alloy to process can launch automatically, and blood vessel wall is played a supporting role.In ablation procedure; Low-temperature mixed liquid is injected blood vessel, and flexible support can reduce its excessive tension force under the effect of low-temperature mixed liquid; The diameter of its cross section is reduced to 7mm rapidly; It is fitted on the blood vessel with soft mode, can produce excessive pressure, avoid because the overtension of flexible support causes damage to blood vessel wall to blood vessel wall.In addition, flexible support also is convenient to be recycled in the trocar sheath under the effect of low-temperature mixed liquid.The temperature of normal saline is set at 0 ℃,, can reduces the temperature of blood vessel wall fast, the heat loss of avoiding blood vessel wall to be produced by electrode with the low-temperature mixed liquid injection blood vessel of normal saline and anticoagulant.In addition, can also dilute the blood in the blood vessel, prevent that localized hyperthermia from bringing out thrombosis through the low-temperature anticoagulant mixed liquor.
Go into the flow in the blood vessel in order to improve the low-temperature mixed liquid stream, also be provided with a plurality of apopores 9 outside on the tube wall of sleeve pipe front end.By effusive low-temperature mixed liquid in the apopore 9 and by in the common intravasation of the effusive water of trocar sheath front end.
In addition, in handle 1, also be provided with constraint pipe 19, the constraint pipe is arranged on the rear side of trocar sheath, is used for water injection pipe and interior pipe box are wrapped in its inside, makes water injection pipe and interior pipe box can adopt parallel mode to arrange, and extends in the trocar sheath in a horizontal manner.
As shown in Figure 2; The liquid that is injected by water injection hole 8 flows into blood vessel through hydraulic pipeline, and this hydraulic pipeline is made up of water injection pipe 20 and the water sink 12 that is communicated with it, and the end of water injection pipe 20 is communicated with water injection hole 8; The front end of water injection pipe 20 extends to the inside of water sink 12; On the outer wall of water sink 12, be provided with a plurality of apopore (not shown)s, low-temperature mixed liquid through water injection pipe with flow in the water sink, and by a plurality of apopores outputs and flow in the blood vessel.
The front end of inner sleeve passes the trocar sheath front end and adopts horizontal mode to extend to the outside of water sink front end face.
Pusher is pushed to flexible support, temperature detecting resistance and water sink the outside of trocar sheath by the inside of trocar sheath.Pusher pushes to most water sink in the blood vessel, and the end of water sink is retained in the trocar sheath, and the total length in flexible support, temperature detecting resistance and the water sink intravasation is 10mm.Adopt this kind design, can prevent that the blood in the hemostatic tube is back in the water sink in the effect of pressure.
Because structure, position relation and the annexation of other assemblies are identical with structure, position relation and the annexation of associated component among the embodiment 1 among the embodiment 2, therefore, in embodiment 2, generally do not repeat.
As shown in Figure 3, in embodiment 3, it is flared structure that this flexible support 5 launches the back, is provided with annulus 16 at the front end of flexible support 5, and the flexible support 5 after 16 pairs of expansion of this annulus is played a supporting role.Because structure, position relation and the annexation of other assemblies are identical with structure, position relation and the annexation of associated component among embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2 among the embodiment 3, therefore, in embodiment 2, generally do not repeat.
In the radio-frequency ablation electrode that embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 describe; It is carried out temperature control, water injection rate all is to accomplish through the external equipment that is connected with handle with the control of the time of melting of electrode, and handle is not controlled temperature, water injection rate and the time of melting.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode, comprises handle, trocar sheath, flexible support and electrode, and an end of said trocar sheath is arranged in the said handle; Said electrode is fixed on the said flexible support; End at said flexible support also is provided with connected temperature detecting resistance, it is characterized in that, on said handle, is provided with water injection hole; The liquid that is injected by said water injection hole flows into blood vessel through hydraulic pipeline; Said liquid is the low-temperature mixed liquid that normal saline and anticoagulant are processed, and blood vessel wall is being put when melting, and low-temperature mixed liquid is used to reduce the temperature of peripheral vessels wall.
2. according to claim 1ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode, it is characterized in that the temperature of said normal saline is 0 ℃.
3. according to claim 2ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode, it is characterized in that, in said trocar sheath, be provided with the inner sleeve that is wrapped in the thermometric lead and the radio-frequency electrode lead outside, on the outer wall of said inner sleeve, also be enclosed with protecting film.
4. according to claim 3ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode; It is characterized in that; The said trocar sheath that said hydraulic pipeline is communicated with by water injection pipe and with it constitutes, and the end of said water injection pipe is communicated with said water injection hole, and the front end of said water injection pipe extends in the said trocar sheath; Low-temperature mixed liquid flows to said trocar sheath through said water injection pipe, and is flowed in the blood vessel by the front end output of said trocar sheath.
5. according to claim 4ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode, it is characterized in that, on the tube wall of said trocar sheath front end, also be provided with a plurality of apopores.
6. according to claim 3ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode; It is characterized in that; Said hydraulic pipeline is made up of water injection pipe and the water sink that is communicated with it, and the front end of said water injection pipe extends to the inside of said water sink, on the outer wall of said water sink, is provided with a plurality of apopores; Low-temperature mixed liquid flows in the said water sink through said water injection pipe and said outlet tube, and is flowed in the blood vessel by a plurality of said apopore outputs.
7. treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode according to being used to described in arbitrary claim in the claim 4 to 6; It is characterized in that; Said flexible support adopts memorial alloy to process, and on said flexible support, is enclosed with protecting film, after said flexible support launches can be soft under the effect of low-temperature mixed liquid be fitted on the blood vessel wall; And can not produce pressure to blood vessel wall, the maximum cross section diameter after it launches is 7mm.
8. according to claim 7ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode; It is characterized in that; On said handle, also be provided with pusher, said pusher is used to control said flexible support and said temperature detecting resistance or said flexible support, said temperature detecting resistance and said water sink are pushed to said trocar sheath by the inside of said trocar sheath the outside.
9. according to claim 8ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode; It is characterized in that; Said flexible support is long bird-caging structure, also is provided with positioning head at the front end of said flexible support, at the visible reflective membrane on CT or DSA that is coated with of said positioning head.
10. according to claim 8ly be used to treat hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode, it is characterized in that said flexible support is a flared structure, be provided with annulus at the front end of said flexible support, said annulus is played a supporting role to the flexible support after launching.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210302544.4A CN102784006B (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2012-08-24 | Be used for the treatment of hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210302544.4A CN102784006B (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2012-08-24 | Be used for the treatment of hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102784006A true CN102784006A (en) | 2012-11-21 |
| CN102784006B CN102784006B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
Family
ID=47149732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210302544.4A Active CN102784006B (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2012-08-24 | Be used for the treatment of hypertensive radio-frequency ablation electrode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102784006B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104287827A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | 卡尔迪雅（天津）医疗器械有限公司 | Renal sympathetic nerve removing radiofrequency ablation electrode and system |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4587975A (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-05-13 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Dimension sensitive angioplasty catheter |
| US6036689A (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-03-14 | Tu; Lily Chen | Ablation device for treating atherosclerotic tissues |
| CN1278711A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2001-01-03 | 维纳斯医学技术公司 | Expandable vein ligator catheter and method of use |
| WO2006105121A2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | Minnow Medical, Llc | Intraluminal electrical tissue characterization and tuned rf energy for selective treatment of atheroma and other target tissues |
| CN101084038A (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2007-12-05 | 阿迪安公司 | Methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation |
| CN202069688U (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-12-14 | 北京天助畅运医疗技术股份有限公司 | Radio frequency ablation electrode capable of treating resistant hypertension |
-
2012
- 2012-08-24 CN CN201210302544.4A patent/CN102784006B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4587975A (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-05-13 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Dimension sensitive angioplasty catheter |
| CN1278711A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2001-01-03 | 维纳斯医学技术公司 | Expandable vein ligator catheter and method of use |
| US6036689A (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-03-14 | Tu; Lily Chen | Ablation device for treating atherosclerotic tissues |
| CN101084038A (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2007-12-05 | 阿迪安公司 | Methods and apparatus for renal neuromodulation |
| WO2006105121A2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | Minnow Medical, Llc | Intraluminal electrical tissue characterization and tuned rf energy for selective treatment of atheroma and other target tissues |
| CN202069688U (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-12-14 | 北京天助畅运医疗技术股份有限公司 | Radio frequency ablation electrode capable of treating resistant hypertension |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104287827A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | 卡尔迪雅（天津）医疗器械有限公司 | Renal sympathetic nerve removing radiofrequency ablation electrode and system |
| CN104287827B (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2018-03-02 | 卡尔迪雅（天津）医疗器械有限公司 | One kind removes renal sympathetic nerve radio-frequency ablation electrode and radio frequency ablation system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102784006B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3352303A (en) | Method for blood clot lysis | |
| CN203379185U (en) | Intracranial thrombus removing device | |
| CN105079950A (en) | Novel prostate dilation catheter | |
| CN103284775A (en) | Encephalic thrombosis removing device | |
| CN103919606B (en) | Magnetic navigation cold brine perfusion radio frequency ablation catheter | |
| CN102335022B (en) | Locally-plugged thrombus scaler | |
| CN109044469A (en) | A kind of embolism spring ring conveying device | |
| CN104114117A (en) | Large area cryoablation catheter with multi-geometry tip ecg/cryo mapping capabilities | |
| CN111529045A (en) | Freeze ablation system and freeze ablation method without interrupting blood flow | |
| CN204909546U (en) | Shutoff system | |
| CN102784006A (en) | Radio frequency ablation electrode for treatment of hypertension | |
| CN113543688A (en) | Surgical infusion and irrigation catheter and method of use | |
| CN215780831U (en) | Novel embryo transfer catheter assistor | |
| WO2024060828A1 (en) | Ultrasonic ablation catheter and ultrasonic ablation device | |
| CN203598333U (en) | Mapping sheathing tube | |
| JP2020058816A (en) | Energy-induced embolization system | |
| CN107440781B (en) | Cryoablation catheter with heat insulation protection at head end | |
| CN211409333U (en) | Adjustable cryoablation needle | |
| WO2023093733A1 (en) | Ablation system | |
| CN204394588U (en) | A kind of special epitheca of prostate endoscope operation instruments | |
| CN101156804A (en) | Temperature control microwave melt needle | |
| CN106419990A (en) | Delivery sheath body and left atrial appendage occluder delivery system | |
| CN107928783A (en) | Cryogenic ablation conduit, cryogenic ablation operation device and cryogenic ablation equipment | |
| CN209220388U (en) | A kind of embolism spring ring conveying device | |
| CN203988162U (en) | Carotid stand brain protector reclaims equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |