CN102698360A - High-focusing-capability multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation device and control method thereof - Google Patents
High-focusing-capability multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-focusing-capability multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation device and a control method thereof. The high-focusing-capability multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation device comprises a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electrode array, a power source and control units, wherein channel electrodes in the electrode array are connected with the power source respectively through independent control units, polarity and current strength of the channel electrodes are respectively controlled through the independent control units, and the tDCS electrode array is integrated into an electrode cap mode. The high-focusing-capability multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation device can complete automatic optimization of stimulation parameters of the channels according to stimulation positions and types specified by users, and finally generates stimulation meeting users' requirements. A tDCS system of the high-focusing-capability multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation device has the advantages of being capable of covering the whole head, having high focusing capability and multiple channels and the like, and is accurate in stimulation position and customizable in complex stimulation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomedical technology, specially refer to a kind of novel through cranium galvanic stimulation device and control method.
Background technology
(transcranial direct current stimulation is that a kind of Noninvasive is regulated the excitatoty method of cerebral cortex tDCS) through the cranium galvanic stimulation.Abroad, systematic study tDCS starts from the sixties in 20th century, and along with recently central nervous system's the function and the understanding of pathology being increased, tDCS becomes the research focus once again in recent years.TDCS is attached at the head epidermis with the square positive and negative electrode of a pair of big or small 25-35 cm2 and imports 10-20 minute the faint DC current of 1-2 mA; The electric current of tDCS flows from the positive pole to the negative pole, and one part of current is through scalp, and a part is passed through brain; Through stimulating cerebral cortex; Regulate the cerebral cortex irritability, research shows that brain district, tDCS positive pole below is activated, and the negative pole below is suppressed.At present, tDCS is mainly used in Cognitive Science and brain science, in clinical medicine, is applied to the Clinics and Practices of various nerves, mental sickness simultaneously.
There is weak point aspect following in existing tDCS system:
A) area of the electrode of existing tDCS system is bigger, is generally the square electrode of 25-35 cm2.The brain district area that stimulated of electrodes sized decision is also about 25-35 cm2 like this.When hope accurately stimulates the brain district of certain small area, must stimulate the brain district of target brain district periphery simultaneously with avoiding.
B) because positive and negative electrode is opposite for the effect in brain district of its below; This just makes when hoping with the some brains of anodal deexcitation district; But can cause another brain district of negative pole below to be suppressed inevitably, and this inhibitory action will cause unmanageable influence to experimental result.
C) the brain zone position that tDCS stimulates all can't accurately be located by existing tDCS system.Present most tDCS research is to utilize the international electrode placement methods of 10-20 to place the tDCS electrode.The international electrode placement methods of 10-20 is based on the head surface size and comes the calibration electrode position; This localization method and brain brain district do not have accurate corresponding relation; Therefore, though the tDCS electrode position can be located by existing tDCS system, all can't accurately locate the brain zone position that tDCS stimulates.
D) mostly existing tDCS system is single channel, can't realize in complete scope that the multichannel of high spatial focusing stimulates.Some tDCS manufacturers have developed multichannel tDCS primary product at present.Last word DC-STIMULATOR MC maximum like German Neuro Conn company can reach 16 passages.The 4X1-C2 tDCS of U.S. Soterix medical company has 2 passages stimulates ability.But the said goods all is not widely used in reality, and basic reason is that its design principle just carries out quantitative dilatation with single channel simply.Originally single channel tDCS just exists the relatively poor shortcoming of space-focusing property; Multichannel tDCS is because the increase of electrode number and relative position complicated; Each organizes the complicated of trend that synergistic effect between the electrode will inevitably cause the tDCS electric current, intensity, distribution, thereby makes space-focusing property worsen more.
E) polarity and the current intensity of electrode is fixed value in the existing tDCS system, can't produce complicated stimulus modelity through stimulus parameter being optimized configuration.
Summary of the invention
To the objective of the invention is to that the coverage that existing tDCS system has is little, focusing is poor, port number is few in order solving, can't to customize shortcoming such as complex stimulus; The present invention proposes a kind of brand-new tDCS system, and this system comprises tDCS stimulating apparatus and control method.The present invention program can accomplish the Automatic Optimal of each passage stimulus parameter according to specified stimulation sites of user and type, and the stimulation of customer requirements is satisfied in final generation.The tDCS system that this programme proposes has advantages such as covering full head, high focusing, multichannel, and it stimulates accurate positioning, and customizable complex stimulus.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of high focusing multichannel comprises tDCS electrod-array, power supply and control unit through cranium galvanic stimulation device; Wherein, The tDCS electrod-array is the multichannel circular conductive electrode that is provided with on the head surface based on the international electrode placement methods of 10-20; Be connected through control unit independently respectively between each channel electrode and the power supply in this electrod-array, each channel electrode polarity and current intensity by these independently control unit control respectively; The tDCS electrod-array is integrated into the electrode cap form, adopts conductive paste as the medium between tDCS electrod-array and the skin.Said power supply is a dc power supply, and output voltage range is ± 5 V, and the output current intensity scope is ± 5000 μ A.Said control unit is used for the polarity and the current intensity of control electrode.
A kind of high focusing multichannel is through the control method of cranium galvanic stimulation device, and for the specified stimulus modelity of user, system can generate the stimulus parameter of each passage tDCS electrode automatically, and concrete steps are following:
1) at first utilize MRI to set up the head electromagnetic model: utilize threshold method to be partitioned into each tissue from human body head MRI two dimensional image, and in the stereochemical structure of each tissue of three-dimensional Reconstruction head; The utilization finite difference calculus is carried out the modeling of human body head electromagnetic model: with the small cubes element of the length of sides such as this head stereochemical structure is divided into; The electromagnetic property of each cube element is come equivalence with the electric capacity and the resistance of parallel connection, and electric capacity and resistance value are decided by the electromagnetic property of organizing under the cube element;
2) the weighted combination method of employing datum mark method and surperficial matching method realizes the registration of tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model, and concrete steps are following:
A) utilize digital location instrument to obtain the subjects and belong to tDCS electrod-array coordinate and subjects's head physiology datum mark LPA, RPA, Nz coordinate in the coordinate system;
The coordinate of the tDCS electrod-array that b) utilizes in the step a) to be obtained makes up digitized scalp shape;
C) utilize image processing method from the MRI image, to extract physiology datum mark and scalp shape respectively out;
D) utilize c) middle physiology datum mark and the scalp shape of extracting out, tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and MRI image coordinate system are carried out registration, to obtain the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system; Utilize datum mark registration method that datum mark is carried out registration earlier, move on near the globally optimal solution thereby the initial value of transformation matrix separated; Respectively datum mark and scalp shape are implemented datum mark method registration and surperficial matching method registration again; And, calculate the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system through iterative closest point algorithms with two kinds of method weighted combination formation multifactorial evaluation criterions;
E) based on d) in resulting transformation matrix, utilize 1 again) described in be transformed into the method for head electromagnetic model by MRI, tDCS electrod-array coordinate Mapping is to the head electromagnetic model the most at last;
3) on the basis of accomplishing tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model registration; Carry out the modeling that tDCS stimulates model: the tDCS that calculates each electrode at first one by one stimulates the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION situation in brain; Its CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that in brain, causes when utilizing each electrode of finite difference calculus simulation to apply unit voltage tDCS stimulation separately; After the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION simulation of completion to each tDCS electrode stimulating, setting up suc as formula tDCS shown in (1) stimulates model:
Wherein, The CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that
representative is produced when on i electrode, applying unit voltage; The resultant current that on behalf of all electrodes of electrod-array,
produce;
represents the weight coefficient on each electrode, and N represents the tDCS port number;
4) stimulate model based on tDCS; Further set up the stimulation parameter optimization model: when stimulating some specific brain regions district; After promptly specifying the interior CURRENT DISTRIBUTION
of brain; Make object function shown in the formula (2) minimum; Thereby try to achieve the optimum solution of each electrode coefficient
, adopt genetic algorithm that
carried out optimization and find the solution:
Wherein, ([
;
]; [
;
]; [
;
]) for specifying the spatial distribution scope that stimulates brain district's CURRENT DISTRIBUTION
; The number that stimulates the brain district is specified in the M representative,
stimulate the weight coefficient in brain district for each;
Automatically generate the stimulus parameter of each passage tDCS electrode based on the stimulation parameter optimization model, satisfy the tDCS stimulation that the user specifies stimulates requirement thereby produce.
Beneficial effect:The present invention program has proposed the new design theory and the method for high focusing multichannel tDCS system.The existing tDCS system that compares, this programme has following characteristic and advantage:
1) probability of implementing complex stimulus is provided
The existing single channel tDCS that compares can only produce excited below positive pole; The negative pole below produces the single stimulus modelity that suppresses, and this programme provides the enforcement multiple spot for the user, the probability of polymorphic type complex stimulus; Can realize that customization stimulates, with the research means of greatly expanding tDCS.
2) can realize tDCS accurately location and experimenter's particular stimulation
Existing tDCS research had not all combined experimenter's head image to implement accurate the stimulation, and this programme provides possibility with experimenter's head MRI image and tDCS array implement registration for accurate location tDCS stimulates.Simultaneously, the MRI image can reflect the multiple information (form, focus point etc.) of experimenter's brain, rationally specifies stimulation sites and type based on these information, can realize experimenter's particular stimulation, can greatly improve specific aim and accuracy that tDCS stimulates.
3) can realize that high focusing stimulates
This programme utilizes the optimization of tDCS electrode parameter generate to stimulate, and makes stimulation sites and user identical according to the predefined stimulation sites of MRI image, the existing tDCS system that compares, and this programme can greatly improve focusing.In addition, the existing tDCS system of the tDCS electrode area of this programme dwindles greatly, and this also helps to improve focusing performance.
4) can reduce boundary effect and untoward reaction
The square-shaped electrode of using in the existing tDCS system can stronger boundary effects occur at four jiaos, and the circular electrode that adopts in this programme can reduce boundary effect.Simultaneously because weakening of electrode area minimizing and current intensity can reduce the untoward reaction of skin.
5) can combine to upgrade to the tDCS-EEG association system with EEG
The brain district is implemented to utilize E.E.G (EEG) detection brain function and brain function connection to change behind the tDCS thereupon, is a kind of emerging research method.What tDCS electrode Dao Ru ∕ went out is unidirectional current, and what EEG gathered then is AC signal.TDCS and EEG electrode are united two into one, implement to gather the EEG signal when tDCS stimulates, feasible fully from the signal processing angle.The tDCS electrode distributes according to the international electrode placement methods of EEG 10-20 in this programme, has guaranteed the matching with EEG.Therefore, this programme can combine to upgrade to the tDCS-EEG association system very easily with EEG.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the canonical system of existing single channel tDCS.
Accompanying drawing 2 is cerebral neural schematic diagram for tDCS stimulates.
Accompanying drawing 3 is existing multichannel tDCS system design schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 4 is multichannel tDCS electrode array designs schematic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is multichannel tDCS electrod-array distribution schematic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 6 is integrated into the electrode cap sketch map for multichannel tDCS electrod-array of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 7 is that the tDCS electrode cap is connected sketch map with power supply with control unit.
Accompanying drawing 8 is system module figure of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 9 is tDCS electrode middle analog result that produces CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in brain.
System generates the analog result that the tDCS electrode parameter is set to accompanying drawing 10 automatically behind the stimulus type for the user specifies.
The specific embodiment
The high focusing multichannel that the present invention proposes comprises hardware module and parameter optimization module through cranium galvanic stimulation device and control method.
A) hardware module
Shown in accompanying drawing 4 is the multichannel tDCS electrod-array that this programme proposes.This tDCS electrod-array is provided with multichannel tDCS electrode based on the international electrode placement methods of 10-20 on the head surface, polarity of electrode and current intensity are controlled respectively by the multichannel separate unit.Different with existing tDCS system, this programme can realize in complete scope that multichannel stimulates.
Be different from existing tDCS system the square-shaped electrode of the 25-35 cm2 that adopts usually, in the design of this programme, will adopt circular electrode less than 5 cm2.Research shows that using square-shaped electrode will cause electric current to be concentrated at four corners distributes (boundary effect), and this non-uniform Distribution may cause the discomfort of skin, and circular electrode then can avoid this situation to take place.The stimulus intensity of tDCS depends on and be carried in the electric current density on the electrode, if reduce current intensity to keep electric current density constant when reducing electrode area, just can keep the stimulus intensity of tDCS constant.On the other hand, through reducing the space-focusing property that electrode size can improve stimulation; Simultaneously, low current intensity and small size electrode all will reduce subjects's untoward reaction.Therefore, this programme will adopt undersized circular electrode, can be implemented under the prerequisite of the effect that guarantees stimulation, improve space-focusing property and also reduce boundary effect and untoward reaction.
Locate the tDCS electrode for ease, in order to guarantee the maximum matching with the EEG system, the tDCS electrode in this programme is pressed the international electrode placement methods of 10-20 and is distributed, and the tDCS electrode is integrated into the electrode cap form, conveniently to wear and to implement the location simultaneously.
Be different from existing tDCS system simultaneously and adopt the brackish water sponge as the medium between electrode and the skin, this programme uses conductive paste as the medium between tDCS electrode and the skin.This method promptly can significantly reduce the contact area of electrode and skin to improve space-focusing property, and this method can avoid causing because of the sponge dehydration change of electrode impedance simultaneously.
B) parameter optimization module
This programme adopts subjects's MRI image as the stimulation target localization criteria, position (one or more brains district) and selected stimulus type (excited or inhibition) that the user can specify hope to stimulate on the MRI image.In addition, be different from that polarity of electrode and current intensity are predetermined fixed in the existing tDCS system, the polarity of electrode of this programme and the setting of current intensity are dynamically changeables.After the user specifies stimulus modelity; The current intensity that Dao Ru ∕ goes out on the polarity that each electrode will calculated and set to the stimulation parameter optimization module automatically and each electrode, the resultant current that the tDCS electrod-array is generated distributes and the specified stimulus modelity of user matches.The tDCS system that These characteristics can make this programme propose has the location accurately, can customize experimenter's particular stimulation, and the tDCS stimulation has higher advantages such as space-focusing performance.
The parameter optimization concrete steps are following:
1) at first utilize MRI to set up the head electromagnetic model.Method (The Virtual Family-development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations with reference to A. Christ research group; 2010); Utilize threshold method to be partitioned into each tissue from high-resolution MRI two dimensional image, and in the stereochemical structure of each tissue of three-dimensional Reconstruction head.Utilization finite difference calculus (finite difference method) is carried out the modeling of human body head electromagnetic model.This programme is divided into the small cubes element of the 2 mm length of sides with this head stereochemical structure, and it is equivalent that the electric capacity that the electromagnetic property of each cube element can be used parallel connection and resistance come, and electric capacity and resistance value are decided by the electromagnetic property of organizing under the cube element.
2) according to tDCS electrod-array and head datum mark, in conjunction with the position of MRI Image Acquisition tDCS electrode on head.The weighted combination method of employing datum mark method and surperficial matching method realizes the registration of tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model in this programme.Concrete steps are following.
A) utilize digital location instrument (NDI Polaris) to obtain the subjects and belong to tDCS electrod-array coordinate and subjects's head physiology datum mark (LPA, RPA, Nz, as shown in Figure 4) coordinate in the coordinate system.
B) based on research (the Beyond topographic mapping:towards functional-anatomical imaging with 124-channel EEGs and 3-D MRIs of A. Gevins; 1990); Because multichannel tDCS electrod-array is placed on the head surface, the space coordinates of electrod-array can characterize the scalp shape.Therefore, the coordinate of this programme tDCS electrod-array of directly utilizing in the step a) to be obtained makes up digitized scalp shape.
C) utilize image processing method from the MRI image, to extract physiology datum mark and scalp shape respectively out.
D) utilize c) middle physiology datum mark and the scalp shape of extracting out; TDCS electrod-array coordinate system and MRI image coordinate system are carried out registration; To obtain the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system; Method (the MRI image of datum mark method and surperficial matching method weighted combination and the registration of EEG electrode, 2000) with reference to people such as Liu Fan utilizes datum mark registration method that datum mark is carried out registration earlier, moves on near the globally optimal solution thereby the initial value of transformation matrix separated.Respectively datum mark and scalp shape are implemented datum mark method registration and surperficial matching method registration again; And, calculate the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system through iterative closest point algorithms (ICP) with two kinds of method weighted combination formation multifactorial evaluation criterions.
E) based on d) in resulting transformation matrix, utilize 1 again) described in be transformed into the method for head electromagnetic model by MRI, tDCS electrod-array coordinate Mapping is to the head electromagnetic model the most at last.
3) on the basis of accomplishing tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model registration, carry out the modeling that tDCS stimulates model.The tDCS that calculates each electrode at first one by one stimulates the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION situation in brain, its CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that in brain, causes when utilizing each electrode of finite difference calculus simulation to apply unit voltage (1V) tDCS stimulation separately.After the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION simulation of completion to each tDCS electrode stimulating, can set up suc as formula tDCS shown in (1) stimulates model:
Wherein,
Representative is
iThe CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that is produced when applying unit voltage on the individual electrode,
The resultant current of representing all electrodes of electrod-array to produce,
Represent the weight coefficient on each electrode,
NRepresent the tDCS port number.
4) stimulate model based on tDCS, further set up the stimulation parameter optimization model.When the user hopes to stimulate some specific brain regions district, promptly specify CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in the brain
After, make object function shown in the formula (2)
cValue is minimum, thereby tries to achieve each electrode coefficient
Optimum solution, adopt genetic algorithm (genetic algorithm, GA) right
Carrying out optimization finds the solution:
Wherein, ([
,
], [
,
], [
,
]) stimulate brain district CURRENT DISTRIBUTION for specifying
The spatial distribution scope,
MThe number that stimulates the brain district is specified in representative,
For each stimulates the weight coefficient in brain district.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing principle and the mode that the present invention program implements further specified.
Accompanying drawing 1 is canonical system (the German Neuro Conn product) sketch map of existing single channel tDCS.Thereby this system is attached at the head epidermis and imports faint DC current through the square positive and negative electrode with a pair of big or small 35 cm2 and changes cerebral neural irritability.
Accompanying drawing 2 is cerebral neural schematic diagram for tDCS stimulates.TDCS application 2 is attached at the head epidermis through the square positive and negative electrode with a pair of big or small 25-35 cm2 and imports 10-20 minute the faint DC current of 1-2 mA.The electric current of tDCS flows from the positive pole to the negative pole, and one part of current is through scalp, and a part through stimulating cerebral cortex, is regulated the cerebral cortex irritability through brain.TDCS is to cause resting membrane electric potential generation hyperpolarization or depolarization according to the polarity difference that stimulates to the fundamental mechanism of the short-term adjusting of cortical excitability; Promptly positive pole can make the neuronal cell generation depolarization in its brain district, below and increase its irritability, and negative pole can make the neuronal cell generation hyperpolarization in the brain district below it and suppress its irritability.
Accompanying drawing 3 is existing multichannel tDCS system design schematic diagram.Wherein, JJ. Borckardt (A pilot study of the tolerability and effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on pain perception; 2012); A. Datta (Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation:Improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad; 2009); HS. Suh people's such as (Reduced spatial focality of electrical field in tDCS with ring electrodes due to tissue anisotropy, 2010) research proposes respectively the design of 4 small-sized negative poles around 1 small-sized anodal configuration (Fig. 3 .a-c).Though this mentality of designing is progressive to some extent with respect to traditional 1 positive 1 negative single channel tDCS system; But it is that 4 passage tDCS electrodes are simply synthetic in essence, but does not change in the existing tDCS system of in background technology, mentioning problem described in (b) to (e) clause in the existing problems.Park (Novel array-type transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) system for accurate focusing on targeted brain areas; 2011) etc. the people mentions the research (Fig. 3 .d) of multichannel tDCS electrod-array notion first; This research constitutes a large electrode with 3 * 4 small electrode arranged in arrays on electronic pads, 2 such large electrodes are made as both positive and negative polarity respectively place fore head and occiput.People such as Park are optimized the current intensity on each electrode, in the hope of specifying the brain district to form the higher CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of focusing.Though this research has creatively proposed the notion of electrod-array, do not break away from the mentality of designing of positive and negative two electrodes of traditional single channel tDCS, 3 * 4 small electrode arrays are assembled a big De Zheng ∕ negative pole.Though can improve focusing through optimizing, because electrode position can't cover full head on the one hand, polarity of electrode immobilizes on the other hand, its resultant current still is restricted on distribution and complexity.
The multichannel tDCS electrode array designs schematic diagram that accompanying drawing 4 proposes for this programme.This tDCS system is provided with multichannel tDCS electrod-array based on the international electrode placement methods of 10-20 on the head surface, polarity of electrode and current intensity are controlled respectively by the multichannel separate unit.Different with existing tDCS system; This programme can realize in complete scope that multichannel stimulates; Secondly; Different with existing tDCS system, this programme adopts subjects's MRI image as the stimulation target localization criteria, and the user can specify on the MRI image and hope the position (one or more brains district) and the selected stimulus type (excited or inhibition) that stimulate.In addition, be different from that polarity of electrode and current intensity are predetermined fixed in the existing tDCS system, the polarity of electrode of this programme and the setting of current intensity are dynamically changeables.After the user specifies stimulus modelity; The current intensity that Dao Ru ∕ goes out on the polarity that each electrode will calculated and set to the stimulation parameter optimization module automatically and each electrode, the resultant current that the tDCS electrod-array is generated distributes and the specified stimulus modelity of user matches.These characteristics can have higher space-focusing performance so that stimulate.Be different from existing tDCS system the square-shaped electrode of the 25-35 cm2 that adopts usually, in the design of this programme, will adopt circular electrode less than 5 cm2.Research shows that using square-shaped electrode will cause electric current to be concentrated at four corners distributes (boundary effect), and this non-uniform Distribution may cause the discomfort of skin, and circular electrode then can avoid this situation to take place.On the other hand, we know that the stimulus intensity of tDCS depends on and be carried in the electric current density on the electrode, if reduce current intensity to keep electric current density constant when reducing electrode area, just can keep the stimulus intensity of tDCS constant.And discover through reducing the space-focusing property that electrode size can improve stimulation; Simultaneously, low current intensity and small size electrode all will reduce subjects's untoward reaction.Therefore, this programme adopts undersized circular electrode, under the prerequisite of the effect that guarantees to stimulate, can greatly improve space-focusing property and reduce boundary effect and untoward reaction.
Accompanying drawing 5 is this programme tDCS distribution of electrodes schematic diagram, locatees the tDCS electrode for ease, and in order to guarantee the maximum matching with the EEG system, the tDCS electrode in this programme is pressed the international electrode placement methods of 10-20 and distributed simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing 6 is that the tDCS electrod-array of this programme is pressed the international electrode placement methods distribution of 10-20, and is integrated into the electrode cap form.With the tDCS electrod-array be integrated in can conveniently wear and implement on the electrode cap location, will improve service efficiency and accuracy greatly; Be different from existing tDCS simultaneously and adopt the brackish water sponge as the medium between electrode and the skin, this programme uses conductive paste as the medium between tDCS electrode and the skin.This method promptly can significantly reduce the contact area of electrode and skin to improve space-focusing property, and this method can avoid causing because of the sponge dehydration change of electrode impedance simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing 7 is that the tDCS electrode cap is connected sketch map with power supply with control unit.Each tDCS electrode is by independent control unit control current intensity and polarity.Power supply is a dc power supply, and output voltage range is ± 5 V, and the output current intensity scope is ± 5000 μ A.
Accompanying drawing 8 is this programme module map, comprises parameter optimization module and hardware module.
Parameter optimization module concrete steps are following:
1) at first utilize MRI to set up the head electromagnetic model.Method (The Virtual Family-development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations with reference to A. Christ research group; 2010); Utilize threshold method to be partitioned into each tissue from high-resolution MRI two dimensional image, and in the stereochemical structure of each tissue of three-dimensional Reconstruction head.Utilization finite difference calculus (finite difference method) is carried out the modeling of human body head electromagnetic model.This programme is divided into the small cubes element of the 2 mm length of sides with this head stereochemical structure, and it is equivalent that the electric capacity that the electromagnetic property of each cube element can be used parallel connection and resistance come, and electric capacity and resistance value are decided by the electromagnetic property of organizing under the cube element.
2) according to tDCS electrod-array and head datum mark, in conjunction with the position of MRI Image Acquisition tDCS electrode on head.The weighted combination method of employing datum mark method and surperficial matching method realizes the registration of tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model in this programme.Concrete steps are following.
A) utilize digital location instrument (NDI Polaris) to obtain the subjects and belong to tDCS electrod-array coordinate and subjects's head physiology datum mark (LPA, RPA, Nz, as shown in Figure 4) coordinate in the coordinate system.
B) based on research (the Beyond topographic mapping:towards functional-anatomical imaging with 124-channel EEGs and 3-D MRIs of A. Gevins; 1990); Because multichannel tDCS electrod-array is placed on the head surface, the space coordinates of electrod-array can characterize the scalp shape.Therefore, the coordinate of this programme tDCS electrod-array of directly utilizing in the step a) to be obtained makes up digitized scalp shape.
C) utilize image processing method from the MRI image, to extract physiology datum mark and scalp shape respectively out.
D) utilize c) middle physiology datum mark and the scalp shape of extracting out; TDCS electrod-array coordinate system and MRI image coordinate system are carried out registration; To obtain the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system; Method (the MRI image of datum mark method and surperficial matching method weighted combination and the registration of EEG electrode, 2000) with reference to people such as Liu Fan utilizes datum mark registration method that datum mark is carried out registration earlier, moves on near the globally optimal solution thereby the initial value of transformation matrix separated.Respectively datum mark and scalp shape are implemented datum mark method registration and surperficial matching method registration again; And, calculate the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system through iterative closest point algorithms (ICP) with two kinds of method weighted combination formation multifactorial evaluation criterions.
E) based on d) in resulting transformation matrix, utilize 1 again) described in be transformed into the method for head electromagnetic model by MRI, tDCS electrod-array coordinate Mapping is to the head electromagnetic model the most at last.
3) on the basis of accomplishing tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model registration, carry out the modeling that tDCS stimulates model.The tDCS that calculates each electrode at first one by one stimulates the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION situation in brain, its CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that in brain, causes when utilizing each electrode of finite difference calculus simulation to apply unit voltage (1V) tDCS stimulation separately.After the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION simulation of completion to each tDCS electrode stimulating, can set up suc as formula tDCS shown in (1) stimulates model:
Wherein,
Representative is
iThe CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that is produced when applying unit voltage on the individual electrode,
The resultant current of representing all electrodes of electrod-array to produce,
Represent the weight coefficient on each electrode,
NRepresent the tDCS port number.
4) stimulate model based on tDCS, further set up the stimulation parameter optimization model.When the user hopes to stimulate some specific brain regions district, promptly specify CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in the brain
After, make object function shown in the formula (2)
cValue is minimum, thereby tries to achieve each electrode coefficient
Optimum solution, adopt genetic algorithm (genetic algorithm, GA) right
Carrying out optimization finds the solution:
Wherein, ([
,
], [
,
], [
,
]) stimulate brain district CURRENT DISTRIBUTION for specifying
The spatial distribution scope,
MThe number that stimulates the brain district is specified in representative,
For each stimulates the weight coefficient in brain district.
5), accomplish the design work of systematic parameter setting module with above-mentioned various model sets.Make the tDCS electrod-array simultaneously, and hardware modules such as system's power supply and control.The final tDCS system that makes up.
Based on above step, the tDCS electrode parameter is optimized, generate the specified stimulation of user.
Hardware module comprises:
The electrod-array of tDCS described in Fig. 4, and power supply described in Fig. 7 and control circuit.
Accompanying drawing 9 is tDCS electrode middle analog result that produces CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in brain.This programme has been simulated the scattergram of electric current on horizontal plane that produces by in the tDCS electrode exploiting entity voltage hindbrains such as C4, O4, Oz respectively.Its CURRENT DISTRIBUTION characteristic and A. Datta (Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation:Improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad; 2009) and R. Polania people's such as (Modulating cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical functional connectivity with transcranial direct current stimulation, 2011) result of study conform to.This tDCS that has proved that this programme adopts stimulates the feasibility of model modelling approach.
Accompanying drawing 10 is for to specify stimulus type according to the user, and system is optimized the tDCS electrode parameter at first automatically and generates the tDCS electrode parameter, and the tDCS that produces on this basis stimulates the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION analog result in brain.Profile is looked the head profile by direction from frontal axis among the figure.Specify brain interior 3 regional Pa, Pb and Pc (in Figure 10
ZeroInstitute's cursor position) as stimulation target; Utilizing the stimulation parameter optimization method to find the solution respectively as (a) Pa, Pb and Pc is all stimulated; (b) stimulate Pa, Pc; And the parameter setting of pairing each electrode when not stimulating the Pb both of these case, its result is as shown in table 1, and the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION result who produces according to the simulation of parameter setting shown in the table 1 tDCS array is as shown in Figure 10.Analog result shows that the stimulation parameter optimization method that this programme proposes is fully feasible.
Subordinate list 1 is when stimulating (a) and (b) setting, by the tDCS systematic parameter optimal module magnitude of voltage of each tDCS electrode of generation automatically shown in the accompanying drawing 10.Left side 4 row are corresponding to (a) shown in the accompanying drawing 10 Pa, Pb and Pc magnitude of voltage of each tDCS electrode when stimulating all.Right side 4 row stimulate Pa, Pc corresponding to (b) shown in the accompanying drawing 10, and the magnitude of voltage of each tDCS electrode when not stimulating Pb.
Table 1
Claims (4)
1. one kind high focusing multichannel is characterized in that: comprise tDCS electrod-array, power supply and control unit through cranium galvanic stimulation device; Wherein, The tDCS electrod-array is the multichannel circular conductive electrode that is provided with on the head surface based on the international electrode placement methods of 10-20; Be connected through control unit independently respectively between each channel electrode and the power supply in this electrod-array, each channel electrode polarity and current intensity by these independently control unit control respectively; The tDCS electrod-array is integrated into the electrode cap form, adopts conductive paste as the medium between tDCS electrod-array and the skin.
2. high focusing multichannel according to claim 1 is characterized in that through cranium galvanic stimulation device: said power supply is a dc power supply, and output voltage range is ± 5 V, and the output current intensity scope is ± 5000 μ A.
3. high focusing multichannel according to claim 1 is characterized in that through cranium galvanic stimulation device: said control unit is used for the polarity and the current intensity of control electrode.
4. one kind high focusing multichannel is characterized in that the specified stimulus modelity for the user through the control method of cranium galvanic stimulation device, and system can generate the stimulus parameter of each passage tDCS electrode automatically, and concrete steps are following:
1) at first utilize MRI to set up the head electromagnetic model: utilize threshold method to be partitioned into each tissue from human body head MRI two dimensional image, and in the stereochemical structure of each tissue of three-dimensional Reconstruction head; The utilization finite difference calculus is carried out the modeling of human body head electromagnetic model: with the small cubes element of the length of sides such as this head stereochemical structure is divided into; The electromagnetic property of each cube element is come equivalence with the electric capacity and the resistance of parallel connection, and electric capacity and resistance value are decided by the electromagnetic property of organizing under the cube element;
2) the weighted combination method of employing datum mark method and surperficial matching method realizes the registration of tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model, and concrete steps are following:
A) utilize digital location instrument to obtain the subjects and belong to tDCS electrod-array coordinate and subjects's head physiology datum mark LPA, RPA, Nz coordinate in the coordinate system;
The coordinate of the tDCS electrod-array that b) utilizes in the step a) to be obtained makes up digitized scalp shape;
C) utilize image processing method from the MRI image, to extract physiology datum mark and scalp shape respectively out;
D) utilize c) middle physiology datum mark and the scalp shape of extracting out, tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and MRI image coordinate system are carried out registration, to obtain the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system; Utilize datum mark registration method that datum mark is carried out registration earlier, move on near the globally optimal solution thereby the initial value of transformation matrix separated; Respectively datum mark and scalp shape are implemented datum mark method registration and surperficial matching method registration again; And, calculate the global optimum's transformation matrix between tDCS electrod-array coordinate system and the MRI image coordinate system through iterative closest point algorithms with two kinds of method weighted combination formation multifactorial evaluation criterions;
E) based on d) in resulting transformation matrix, utilize 1 again) described in be transformed into the method for head electromagnetic model by MRI, tDCS electrod-array coordinate Mapping is to the head electromagnetic model the most at last;
3) on the basis of accomplishing tDCS electrod-array and head electromagnetic model registration; Carry out the modeling that tDCS stimulates model: the tDCS that calculates each electrode at first one by one stimulates the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION situation in brain; Its CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that in brain, causes when utilizing each electrode of finite difference calculus simulation to apply unit voltage tDCS stimulation separately; After the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION simulation of completion to each tDCS electrode stimulating, setting up suc as formula tDCS shown in (1) stimulates model:
Wherein, The CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that
representative is produced when on i electrode, applying unit voltage; The resultant current that on behalf of all electrodes of electrod-array,
produce;
represents the weight coefficient on each electrode, and N represents the tDCS port number;
4) stimulate model based on tDCS; Further set up the stimulation parameter optimization model: when stimulating some specific brain regions district; After promptly specifying the interior CURRENT DISTRIBUTION
of brain; Make object function shown in the formula (2) minimum; Thereby try to achieve the optimum solution of each electrode coefficient
, adopt genetic algorithm that
carried out optimization and find the solution:
Wherein, ([
;
]; [
;
]; [
;
]) for specifying the spatial distribution scope that stimulates brain district's CURRENT DISTRIBUTION
; The number that stimulates the brain district is specified in the M representative,
stimulate the weight coefficient in brain district for each;
Automatically generate the stimulus parameter of each passage tDCS electrode based on the stimulation parameter optimization model, satisfy the tDCS stimulation that the user specifies stimulates requirement thereby produce.
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