CN102682343A - 充电站预约系统和方法 - Google Patents

充电站预约系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102682343A
CN102682343A CN2012100577912A CN201210057791A CN102682343A CN 102682343 A CN102682343 A CN 102682343A CN 2012100577912 A CN2012100577912 A CN 2012100577912A CN 201210057791 A CN201210057791 A CN 201210057791A CN 102682343 A CN102682343 A CN 102682343A
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charging station
charging
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CN102682343B (zh
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小爱德华.D.泰特
史蒂文.A.塔诺夫斯基
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及充电站预约系统和方法，预约车辆充电站的方法包括接收期望的目的地，和自动地验证指定站在预期到达时间的可用性。该方法还包括，当指定站在预期到达时间可用时预约指定站，以及将电子令牌传送至客户装置。该令牌确认预约和唯一地识别车辆。用于预约站的系统包括服务器，其与所述站、与客户装置通信，所述客户装置配置为用于将期望目的地传输至服务器。服务器自动地验证指定充电站在期望目的地的预期到达时间的可用性，当其在预期达到时间可用时预约指定站，以及随后生成令牌并将令牌传送至客户装置。

Description

充电站预约系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于预约充电站的系统和方法，所述充电站是用于为车辆的电池模块再充电的类型，所述车辆具有至少一个电动车辆运行模式。
背景技术
电池电动车辆(BEV)、插电式混合电动车辆(PHEV)和增程式电动车辆(EREV)全都使用高电压可再充电电池模块，以为一个或多个电牵引马达提供电力。当内燃机存在于动力系中时，可以使用燃料能量在运行期间为电池模块再充电。还可以经由再生制动能量在运行期间为电池模块再充电。当车辆闲置时，可以使用非车载能量源为电池模块再充电。例如，当车辆停放在车库时，可以使用标准110V输出口或为了更高速充电使用220V输出口为电池模块充电。当离开家时，再充电可以由充电站提供。
发明内容
此处披露了一种预约这样的充电站的方法。公用充电站是任何类型的电动车辆(EV)所必需的基础设施的一部分。在目标目的地的这样的公用充电站的可用性，以及这样的充电站的高效利用，是EV驾驶员所关心的主要问题。本发明的方法通过允许驾驶员自动地预约充电站，以及通过确保车辆在到达时在预约的充电站处的充电优先权，而解决了这些关心问题。
特别是，用于预约充电站的方法包括使用服务器从客户装置(例如，导航系统或智能电话)接收期望的目的地，及自动地验证所述站在期望的目的地的预期到达时间的可用性。该方法包括，当所述站在预期到达时间可用时预约所述站，以及将电子令牌传送至客户装置。该电子令牌确认预约和唯一地识别车辆。
一种为车辆预约充电站的系统，包括服务器，所述服务器与所述站以及与客户装置通信。服务器包括有形存储器和用于执行本发明的方法的算法或指令。服务器从客户装置接收期望的目的地，并自动地验证所述站在期望的目的地的预期到达时间的可用性。当所述站在预期到达时间可用时，服务器预约所述站，以及生成电子令牌并将电子令牌传送至客户装置。
本发明的上述特征和优势及其他特征和优势将从用于实施本发明的最佳模式的以下详细描述连同附图时显而易见。
附图说明
图1是为具有仅电(EV)运行模式的车辆预约充电站的系统的示意图；和
图2是描述本发明的方法的实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，其中在多个附图中，相同的附图标记对应于相同或相似的构件，系统10在图1中示出，该系统10用于预约多个充电站20中的一个。充电站20可以是任何公众或私人可获得的充电装置，为了为电池模块15再充电的目的，车辆13的驾驶员能够连接至该充电装置。例如，车辆13可以是电池电动车辆(BEV)、插电式混合电动车辆(PHEV)、增程式电动车辆(EREV)或具有至少一个仅电/电动(EV)运行模式的任何其它车辆实施例。
系统10包括服务器16，该服务器16与客户装置12和各个充电站20通信。客户装置12可以是，例如，车辆或手持导航系统、智能电话或个人数字助理(PDA)。客户装置12可以直接或间接地访问路线规划导航软件，或访问在地图上仅显示已知充电站20的位置的软件。显示屏32包括在客户装置12中，用于将关于充电选项、状态、可用性等的信息展示给客户装置12的使用者，如下所述。
当客户装置12配置为任何类型的导航系统时，车辆13的驾驶员可以在所显示的地图上查看作为兴趣点的可用充电站20，以及可以选择驾驶员希望预约的特定充电站20，例如经由客户装置12的触摸屏(当显示屏32如此配置时)。因为行驶路线信息可以通过这样的客户装置12显示，车辆13的驾驶员可以容易地选择在期望的旅程目的地的特定范围内的充电站20。
客户装置12通过网络连接14与服务器16通信，所述网络连接例如无线、宽带、因特网或其他合适的网络连接。服务器16通过类似的网络连接18还与各个充电站20通信。服务器16被编程有每个充电站20的可用性或被以其他方式通知每个充电站20的可用性，服务器16配置为响应该类型的信息来准确地安排充电时间的区段。
例如，服务器16可以维护日历24和数据库26。日历24可以配置为记录用户信息，诸如驾驶员的名字、地址、车辆牌子、型号、牌照号、和/或识别号、和/或任何其它独一识别符，并配置为预约足够的时间区段用于为车辆13充电。
所需的充电时间量的确定可以是任意的，或其可以在到达指定充电站20时部分地由电池15的期望的充电状态通知确定。例如，电池15的当前充电状态可以被确定，例如经由控制器25，至期望目的地的距离/路线可以用于确定期望的剩余充电状态。该信息可以经由信息通信业务单元30或其他设备传送到服务器16，以便促进估计的所需充电时间的准确确定。
信息可以被记录在数据库26中，所述数据库26描述可能的电池类型、标称充电次数、各个充电站20的充电容量或额定电功率、车辆充电历史等，不论是对于可以通常使用充电站20的各种车辆型号，和/或对于特定识别的车辆。外部信息，例如车辆13外部的温度值(诸如环境温度)、作用于车辆13的太阳能负载、环境湿度等，可以被确定并将其作为任何这些计算所考虑的因素。内部信息，例如车辆13内部的温度值，诸如电池温度和/或冷却剂温度，可以用于进一步优化这样的计算。该附加信息可以被服务器16访问，以准确地安排充电时间的区段。
服务器16包括存储器28，该存储器28是有形的/非瞬时的。存储器28可以是参与提供计算机可读数据或过程指令的任何可记录介质。这种介质可以采用许多形式，包括但不限于，非易失介质和易失介质。非易失介质可以包括，例如，光盘或磁盘及其它持续存储器。易失介质可以包括，例如，可构成主存储器的动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)。这种指令可以由一个或多个传输介质传输，所述传输介质包括同轴电缆、铜线和光学纤维，包括包含联接到计算机处理器的系统总线的线。存储器28可以还包括软盘、软磁盘、硬盘、磁带、任何其它磁介质、CD-ROM、DVD、任何其它光学介质等。
客户装置12和服务器16可以配置有或具备其他所需要的计算机硬件，诸如高速时钟、需要的模拟-数字(A/D)和/或数字-模拟(D/A)电路、任何必需的输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)、以及适当的信号调节和/或缓冲电路。服务器16所需的或由此可访问的任何算法可以存储在存储器28中，以及自动执行以提供所需的功能。
仍参考图1，一旦车辆13的驾驶员已经经由客户装置12预约了指定的充电站20，则服务器16可以生成电子令牌(token)22作为唯一的识别符或密匙。服务器16可以随后将令牌22传送到客户装置12，在客户装置12处，令牌22可以被记录。令牌22可以还被记录在车辆13的另外的车载存储单元中，例如控制器25中，并当车辆13到达之前预约的充电站20时确认该预约。
电子令牌22提供的信息可以被混杂、加密、或以其他方式伪装以便增加安全性，或所述信息可以足够的长度和复杂性被随机地生成，使得对于预约的充电站20和对于分配的充电时间区段，令牌22唯一地和安全地将车辆13识别为正确的车辆13。令牌22由此有助于防止给定充电站20的未授权使用。另外，因为令牌22已包含足够的识别信息，因此令牌22可以用于帮助给车辆13的驾驶员或所有者为使用指定的充电站20而开账单。
没有本发明的系统10，例如在替换的先到者先接受服务的方式中，EV的驾驶员可以在低电池充电状态的情况下到达充电站20，但却只能发现充电站20已在使用中。这迫使驾驶员等待充电站20变为可用。延迟会影响驾驶员的日程安排。
参考图2，本发明的方法100根据一个可行实施例示出。在初始化(*)之后，方法100在步骤102处开始，其中，图1中的车辆13的驾驶员可以将期望的目的地输入客户装置12，例如，导航系统。
在步骤104处，服务器16可以确定图1所示的各个充电站20中的一个是否出现在所记录的期望目的地附近。该信息可以经由客户装置12显示给驾驶员，例如作为被显示的地图或路线轨迹上的图标。可选地，当前和预计的充电站可用性可以被传送或播送，使得状态经由充电装置12显示，例如，“充电器可用”、“充电器正在使用”等。驾驶员会随后选择具有可用或预计可用状态的充电站20。
在步骤106处，驾驶员可以请求对在步骤104处被识别为在期望目的地附近的充电站20中的被指定的一个进行预约。如果驾驶员进行了这样的请求，则方法100行进至步骤108。否则方法100结束。
在步骤108处，服务器16联系在步骤104处识别的指定充电站20，以及确定它在预期到达时间的可用性。在步骤104的可行实施例中，在步骤104中，状态信息被推送或播送至客户装置12，诸如经由图标和/或可用性状态消息，步骤108可以仍被执行，以验证所述状态。预期到达时间可以被客户装置12使用输入的出发时间自动地计算，或经由客户装置12以其他方式确定，或预期到达时间可以由驾驶员选择。方法100随后行进至步骤110。
在步骤110处，服务器16处理来自充电站20的信息，以确定充电站20在预期到达时间是否可用。如果指定充电站20可用，则方法100行进至步骤112。如果不可用，方法100行进至步骤113。
在步骤112处，服务器16生成预约并发出电子令牌22，所述电子令牌22被传送到车辆13、控制器25和/或客户装置12。例如，服务器16可以访问日历24和数据库26，和可以记录时间区段，所述时间区段依据车辆13的已知充电特性足以用于为车辆13充电。步骤112可以可选地在到达充电站20时必需确定电池模块15的预期充电状态和/或独断地使用数据库26中的信息分配时间。方法100随后行进至步骤114。
在步骤113处，服务器16将消息传送至客户装置12，通知车辆13的驾驶员指定的充电站20在预期达到时间不可用。方法100随后行进至步骤115。
在步骤114处，服务器16锁定和保持访问在步骤112处预约的指定充电站20的权力。仅令牌22的持有者可以在分配时间访问该特定的充电站20，如上所述。步骤114可以可选地包括显示消息或彩色编码信号给驾驶员，例如，当充电未授权时闪烁红色，或授权时闪烁绿色。附加的选项包括显示剩余充电时间，非常像停车计时器显示剩余停车时间。可以在充电结束时准许一定的最小宽限期，以允许驾驶员有足够时间从充电站20断开连接并离开。
在步骤115处，驾驶员可以记录不同的出发时间。如果驾驶员这样做了，则方法100行进至步骤117。否则方法100结束。
在步骤116处，车辆13开始在预约充电站20充电。可选地，服务器16可以配置为，如果车辆13没有在预约时间之前或之后的可允许时间窗口内开始充电，则重新打开预约。这可以通过确保放弃预约的人不妨碍被预约充电站20的使用而进一步优化使用。同样地，如果驾驶员恰在分配的时间用完之前中断充电，则服务器16可以为被预约时间的剩余部分重新打开预约。方法100在步骤116完成时结束(**)。
在步骤117处，经由客户装置112，驾驶员被通知一组可行的出发时间，或可替换地，一组充电开始时间。再次，出发时间可以被客户装置12使用，结合它的现有导航能力一起，来计算到达时间，该到达时间可以随后用作充电的开始时间。一旦可行时间经由客户装置12显示给驾驶员，方法100行进至步骤119。
在步骤119处，如果驾驶员选择在步骤117处显示的可行时间中的一个，则方法100行进至步骤112。否则方法100结束(**)。
尽管已经对执行本发明的较佳模式进行了详尽的描述，但是本领域技术人员可得知在所附的权利要求的范围内的用来实施本发明的许多替换设计和实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种为车辆预约充电站的系统，该系统包括：
服务器，与客户装置以及与多个不同的充电站通信；
有形、非瞬时存储装置；和
指令，被记录在所述存储装置中，该指令可由服务器执行；
其中，服务器配置为执行所述指令，以及由此：
从客户装置接收期望的目的地；
验证所述多个不同的充电站中的指定充电站在期望的目的地的车辆的预期到达时间的可用性；
当指定充电站在预期到达时间可用时，预约该指定充电站；以及
生成电子令牌并将电子令牌传送至客户装置以确认预约和唯一地识别车辆。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，服务器包括日历和信息的数据库，所述信息描述车辆的已知充电特性，且其中，服务器配置为经由日历使用车辆的已知充电特性安排充电时间区段。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，系统还配置为：
接收车辆的电池的预期剩余充电状态；和
通过安排与所述预期剩余充电状态对应的充电时间区段来预约指定站。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，服务器配置为用于锁定或防止所述站被没有由电子令牌特定地识别的任何车辆使用。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，其中，服务器进一步配置为用于将状态消息和状态图标中的至少一个传送至指定充电站。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，服务器配置为用于，当指定充电站在预期到达时间不可用时，经由客户装置展示可行出发时间的列表，用于指定充电站的替换预约。
7.一种为车辆预约多个充电站中的一个的方法，包括：
经由服务器，从导航系统接收期望的目的地和在该期望目的地的预期到达时间；
使用服务器验证所述多个充电站中的所指定的一个充电站的存在，所述指定的一个充电站位于期望目的地的校准范围内；
确定该指定站在预期到达时间的可用性；
当指定站可用时，在预期到达时间预约该指定站，包括：
安排时间区段，所述时间区段具有与车辆的电池的充电状态对应的长度；和
锁定或防止指定站被没有由电子令牌特定地识别的任何车辆使用，其中，所述电子令牌确认预约并唯一地识别车辆；和
生成电子令牌并将电子令牌传送至导航系统。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，服务器包括日历和信息的数据库，所述信息描述车辆的已知充电特性，且其中，预约指定站包括经由日历使用车辆的已知充电特性安排充电时间区段。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，还包括：
使用电子令牌识别车辆的所有者；和
为指定站的使用给所有者开账单。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法，还包括：
经由客户装置显示可行出发时间的列表，用于指定站的替换预约。
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