CN102621181B - Measuring device of heat transfer coefficient of solid interface in hot working process - Google Patents

Measuring device of heat transfer coefficient of solid interface in hot working process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102621181B
CN102621181B CN201210102026.8A CN201210102026A CN102621181B CN 102621181 B CN102621181 B CN 102621181B CN 201210102026 A CN201210102026 A CN 201210102026A CN 102621181 B CN102621181 B CN 102621181B
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heat transfer
sample
transfer bar
heating furnace
hole
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CN102621181A (en
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孙朝阳
王善伟
张清东
李�瑞
张聪
刘斌
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring device of a heat transfer coefficient of a solid interface in a hot working process. The measuring device comprises an upper die base, guide pillars, a lower die base, a positioning ring, a symmetrical-opening heating furnace, a heat preservation sleeve, a temperature controller, a hydraulic device, a sliding support, a positioning sleeve, a heat transfer rod A, a heat transfer rod B, a foil gauge, a thermocouple, a thermoscope, a dynamometer upper sample and a lower sample, wherein the upper sample and the lower sample are both positioned in the symmetrical-opening heating furnace in an experimental process so as to ensure reliable data precision. The device provided by the invention has a compact structure; the hydraulic device is used as a pressing mechanism, and the operation is simple; the device is suitable for measuring the heat transfer coefficients of the solid interfaces of majority materials and the heat transfer coefficients of the solid interfaces having lubrication condition, and the universal type is good; the symmetrical-opening heating furnace is convenient for change of samples, and an inner through hole chamfer guarantees the alignment property when the heat preservation sleeve rises; and the measuring process needs short time, the loading and unloading of the sample are convenient, the continuous experiment efficiency is high, the sample structure is simple and is convenient for manufacture, and the cost is low.

Description

A kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator, mainly belong to plastic working research and engineering application.
Background technology
Solid-state interface thermo-contact phenomenon all exists in a lot of hot-working field, and the performance of hot-formed product is had to direct impact; As in hot extrusion, hot forging process, between mould and heating blank, solid-state interface heat is transmitted and will directly be affected the life-span of extrusion die and the forming accuracy of part; In drop stamping process, mould and blank solid-state interface heat transmit carry out quenching in mould make to be shaped after material there is high-strength mechanical property.Therefore, the technological parameter that the definite involutory reason of the solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer is formulated hot procedure has important theory and practical value to obtain severe service components, and its importance is self-evident.During metal hot-working contact, the measurement of the solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer has received the concern of increasing scholar and relevant enterprise.At present, both at home and abroad to the research of the solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer seldom, the data that can use for reference are also few, thereby the device of designing and developing direct this coefficient of measurement is conducive to promote heat processing technique towards quantification, scientific future development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of for hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator, for enterprise produces or related science experimental study provides important basic data.It is low that the present invention has cost, and device is simple, uses the advantages such as flexible, convenient.The present invention can measure as hot joining between the various metals such as high temperature alloy, carbon steel, H13 mould steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminium alloy touch metal and nonmetal between the solid-state interface heat exchange of thermo-contact.This measurement mechanism also can be applicable to assay surface roughness, the impact of interface contact on interface heat exchange coefficient; Between contact interface, exist the interface heat exchange coefficient of lubricant (as glass lubricant, dag etc.) to measure.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator, and this determinator comprises supporting mechanism, heating arrangements, heat preservation mechanism, pressure exerting arrangement, measuring mechanism and standard sample;
Described Zhi Suoshu supporting mechanism consists of upper bolster, guide pillar, die shoe and centring ring;
Described heating arrangements comprises Split heating furnace and for controlling the temperature controller of heating-up temperature;
Described heat preservation mechanism comprises insulation sleeve;
Described pressure exerting arrangement consists of hydraulic means, abutment sleeve, sliding support, heat transfer bar A and heat transfer bar B;
Described measuring mechanism comprises thermopair for gathering specimen temperature, for the foil gauge of pressure process gaging pressure size, for collecting temperature data temperature measurer and for gathering the dynamometer of pressure data;
Described standard sample consists of upper sample and lower sample;
Wherein, described upper bolster is arranged on the shaft shoulder of described guide pillar upper end, by nuts and washers, fix, described centring ring is by the center of screw and the fixing described upper bolster of pin A, described die shoe arranges described guide pillar lower end, the T-nut of described guide pillar and described die shoe bottom is connected and fixed, and described T-nut is fixed by screw B and described die shoe; Described Split heating furnace is bolted on the described guide pillar between described upper bolster and described die shoe, the center of described Split heating furnace body of heater is provided with stepped appearance through hole, in described stepped appearance through hole, heat-insulation layer is set, and upper through-hole wall has heating furnace silk around, and lower through-hole end has chamfering; Described hydraulic means is fixed on the center of the block inner bottom part of described die shoe, described abutment sleeve is fixed on the center of described die shoe upper surface by screw B, described sliding support is placed in described abutment sleeve, described in described sliding support one end, hydraulic means connects, the other end is connected with described insulation sleeve, described lower sample arranges in described insulation sleeve, and described sliding support carries described lower sample and insulation sleeve slides up and down in the inwall of abutment sleeve; The body of heater that described upper sample, heat transfer bar A and heat transfer bar B arrange described Split heating furnace is provided with in stepped appearance through hole, one end of described upper sample is provided with T junction, by described T junction, be connected with the T-slot of one end of described heat transfer bar A, the other end of described heat transfer bar A is provided with T junction, by described T junction, be connected with the T-slot of described heat transfer bar B one end, the other end of described heat transfer bar B is provided with T junction, by described T junction, is connected with the T-slot on described centring ring; On described lower sample and upper sample, be respectively equipped with 4 thermometer holes, described thermopair arranges in described thermometer hole, and is connected with described temperature measurer by wire, and it is upper that described foil gauge is arranged on described heat transfer bar A, and be connected with described dynamometer by wire.
Further, the pyroconductivity of described heat transfer bar A is less than the pyroconductivity of described heat transfer bar B, so that high temperature can not impact centring ring.
Further, the diameter of described upper sample and lower sample is Φ 10mm, and long is 50mm.
Further, described thermometer hole diameter is Φ 1.2-1.3mm, and the diameter of thermopair is φ1mm.
Further, the described upper sample surface of contact distance of first thermometer hole distance of described upper sample is 3mm, and the spacing of any two hot thermometer holes is 10mm, half that the degree of depth of described thermometer hole is this specimen finish; The described lower sample surface of contact distance of first thermometer hole distance of described lower sample is 3mm, and the spacing of any two thermometer holes is 10mm, half that the degree of depth of described thermometer hole is this specimen finish.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) apparatus structure is simple, and easy accessibility adopts hydraulic means as pressure exerting arrangement, has saved complicated power and gearing, and easy to operate, reliability is high;
(2) centering is good, in this device centring ring, adopts pin as locating device, is conducive to centering, is conducive to the abundant contact of sample interface;
(3) heating furnace has adopted opposite opened structure, and upper sample is connected by T-slot with heat transfer bar, is convenient to dismounting and the replacing of sample;
(4) this device designs by axial heat-insulation layer and approximate radial adiabatic environment, reduces radially heat loss, and sample radially forms near adiabatic, guarantees the only past transfers of heat, has set up approximate one dimension heat exchange environment;
(5) Split heating furnace homogeneous heating, heat is sufficient, can reach the needed temperature of experiment, and sample is easy to handling, easy to operate;
(6) two heat transfer bars of this device adopt unlike material, in order to avoid high temperature exerts an influence to device;
(7) this device adopts indirect heating mode, and the mode of logical heat transfer transfers heat to high temperature sample and can guarantee preferably experimental precision like this;
(8) this device is provided with device for pressure measurement, can measure the solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer under different pressures, and hydraulic means can guarantee sufficient pressure;
(9) versatility is good, and this device is applicable between most metals and has the measurement of the solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer of lubricant, so usable range is wide;
(10) conventional efficient is high continuously, and this installs the continuous handling that simple construct for handling is more conducive to sample, thereby conventional efficient is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface of the present invention coefficient of heat transfer determinator;
Fig. 2 is Split heating furnace structural representation in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the sample structure schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that epitaxy is asked temperature schematic diagram.
In figure:
1-die shoe 2-hydraulic means 3-guide pillar 4-abutment sleeve
5-sliding support 6-is incubated sleeve Sample under 7- The upper sample of 8-
9-heat transfer bar A 10-heating furnace silk 11-heat transfer bar B 12-centring ring
13-upper bolster 14-pin 15-screw A 16-nut
17-packing ring 18-bolt 19-Split heating furnace 20-screw B
21-T shape nut 22-screw C 23-foil gauge 24-stepped appearance through hole
25-heat-insulation layer 26-temperature measurer 27-temperature controller 28-dynamometer
29-thermometer hole 30-thermopair ? ?
。Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator, and as shown in Figure 1, the main supporting mechanism of this determinator comprises that upper bolster 13, guide pillar 3, die shoe 1 and centring ring 12 form; Heating and heat preservation mechanism consist of Split heating furnace 19, insulation sleeve 6 and temperature controller 27; Pressure exerting arrangement mainly consists of heat transfer bar A9, the heat transfer bar B11 on hydraulic means 2, sliding support 5, abutment sleeve 4 and the top of bottom; Measuring mechanism consists of thermopair 30, foil gauge 23, temperature measurer 26 and dynamometer 28.
Upper bolster 13 is arranged on the shaft shoulder of guide pillar 3 upper ends, fixing by nut 16 and packing ring 17, centring ring 12 is by the fixing center of upper bolster 13 of screw A15 and pin 14, die shoe 1 arranges the lower end of guide pillar 3, guide pillar 3 is connected and fixed with the T-nut 21 of die shoe 1 bottom, T-nut 21 is fixing by screw C22 and die shoe 1, and this has just formed whole supporting mechanism, and can meet requirement of experiment.
In order to meet the experiment condition of one dimension heat exchange, in whole measuring process, upper and lower sample must carry out heat exchange in heat preservation mechanism, in the Split heating furnace 19 of this device, be provided with heat-insulation layer 25, so not only guaranteed the insulation of upper sample 8 but also can make temperature be enough to be raised to setting value; Notch cuttype through hole 24 is left in inside, keeping supplying respectively sample 8 and 7 heating of lower sample and insulation uses, during experiment after sealed heating furnace, upper sample 8 is arranged in the top through hole of the notch cuttype through hole 24 of Split heating furnace 19 completely, heating furnace silk 10 is housed on upper through-hole wall, heating furnace silk 10 is connected with temperature controller, it is heat source that the Cr20Ni80 iron that heating furnace silk 10 employing power are 1.5KW irons aluminium alloy, diameter is 1mm, after it is heated to predetermined temperature, operating hydraulically operated device 2 makes lower sample 7 risings and finally contacts and carry out heat exchange with upper sample 8; Chamfering is arranged at the interior lower through-hole of Split heating furnace 19 bottom, so that insulation sleeve 6 can enter smoothly; Lower sample 7 is placed in insulation sleeve 6 all the time, and insulation sleeve 6 play that sample 7 is long and diameter is slightly large, is all arranged in insulation sleeve 6 with the heat exchange of assurance one dimension in the time of can guaranteeing two sample contact heat-exchangings like this, and slightly large diameter is to facilitate drawing of thermocouple lead.
Upper sample 8 is connected with heat transfer bar A9 by T-slot, between heat transfer bar B11 and upper bolster 13, by centring ring 12, be fixed, the connected mode of heat transfer bar B11 and centring ring 12 is also T-slot, this connected mode is convenient to change sample, in testing continuously, efficiency is higher, guarantees good centering.
Lower sample 7 is placed in insulation sleeve 6, insulation sleeve 6 being fixed on above sliding support 5 by groove, sliding support 5 is positioned at hydraulic means 2 tops, when operating hydraulically operated device 2 rises sliding support 5, its through-hole wall upward sliding in abutment sleeve 4, finally make upper and lower sample contact carry out heat exchange, when two sample contact sliding supports 5 just contact lower through-hole is blocked to completely cut off air with Split heating furnace 19 bottoms, can play like this effect of insulation.Abutment sleeve 4 is fixed on die shoe 1 by screw C20, and the bulge loop of abutment sleeve 4 bottoms contacts so that it is fixed with hydraulic means 2; The shoulder hole of die shoe 1 bottom and the through hole on top are also fixed hydraulic means 2, so just make hydraulic means 2 can not produce large rocking in operating process.
Foil gauge 23 is posted on the surface of heat transfer bar A9, foil gauge 23 is connected with dynamometer 28, so that hydraulic means 2 applied pressures during experiments of measuring, doing like this one is in order to guarantee the constant pressure in heat transfer process, and the two can measure the impact of different pressures on the solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer in the situation that assurance is temperature-resistant.
The present invention measures the hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer with two test buttons, this apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate, changes small and exquisite being convenient to of sample convenience and sample and processes, this experiment provides basic data for relating to the solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer in industry, is easy to be extended and applied.
The course of work of this device is:
(1) prepare sample: it is Φ 10mm that all samples are all processed to diameter, long is 50mm; With electric spark, on sample, getting diameter is the thermometer hole hole of Φ 1.2-1.3mm, in succession makes a call to 4 holes, and first pore test coupon surface of contact distance is 3mm, and the spacing in any two holes is 10mm, and half that the degree of depth in hole is specimen finish is 5mm; With same model waterproof abrasive paper, sample surface of contact is polished, to obtain identical surface in contact pattern;
(2) clamping sample: first eight thermopairs 30 are inserted respectively in eight thermometer holes 29 of upper and lower sample, and start eight lines to put on successively sequence number from counting first hole above; Upper sample 8 is fastened on to heat transfer bar A9 by T-slot upper, opposite opened harp 19 use bolts 18 are sealed, lower sample 7 is entered to be incubated in sleeve 6, and put into together the groove of sliding support 5 thereupon;
(3) connecting lead wire: eight thermocouple wires are received respectively on temperature measurer 26 by label; Lead-in wire on foil gauge 23 is received on dynamometer 28 devices;
(4) sample in heating: confirm, to after Split heating furnace 19 sealings, heating furnace silk 10 to be received to energising heating on temperature controller 27, upper sample 8 is heated to predetermined temperature (as 1000 ℃), insulation is until reach stable heat transfer boundary condition;
(5) contact heat-exchanging: upper sample 8 is heated to after predetermined temperature, operating hydraulically operated device 2 makes sliding support 5 upward slidings, finally make sample 8 contact and carry out heat exchange with lower sample 7, now observe the pressure data that foil gauge 23 measures and make it to keep constant, until stablize heat transfer boundary condition;
(6) record data: observe temperature and pressure data, after stable, record;
(7) coefficient of heat transfer calculates: bring the temperature data recording into heat exchange formula and calculate, finally obtain the coefficient of heat transfer.

Claims (5)

1. a hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator, is characterized in that, determinator comprises supporting mechanism, heating arrangements, heat preservation mechanism, pressure exerting arrangement, measuring mechanism and standard sample;
Described supporting mechanism consists of upper bolster (13), guide pillar (3), die shoe (1) and centring ring (12);
Described heating arrangements comprises Split heating furnace (19) and for controlling the temperature controller (27) of heating-up temperature;
Described heat preservation mechanism comprises insulation sleeve (6);
Described pressure exerting arrangement is by hydraulic means (2), abutment sleeve (4), sliding support (5), heat transfer bar A(9) and heat transfer bar B(11) form;
Described measuring mechanism comprises thermopair (30) for gathering specimen temperature, for the foil gauge (23) of pressure process gaging pressure size, for the temperature measurer (26) of collecting temperature data and for gathering the dynamometer (28) of pressure data;
Described standard sample consists of upper sample (8) and lower sample (7);
Wherein, described upper bolster (13) is arranged on the shaft shoulder of described guide pillar (3) upper end, fixing by nut (16) and packing ring (17), described centring ring (12) is by screw A(15) and pin (14) fix with described upper bolster (13), described die shoe (1) arranges described guide pillar (3) lower end, described guide pillar (3) is connected and fixed with the T-nut (21) of described die shoe (1) bottom, and described T-nut (21) is by screw C(22) fixing with described die shoe (1), described Split heating furnace (19) is fixed on the described guide pillar (3) between described upper bolster (13) and described die shoe (1) by bolt (18), the body of heater of described Split heating furnace (19) is provided with stepped appearance through hole (24), heat-insulation layer (25) is set in described stepped appearance through hole (24), and upper through-hole wall has heating furnace silk (10) around, and lower through-hole end has chamfering, described hydraulic means (2) is fixed on the bottom in described die shoe (1), described abutment sleeve (4) is by screw B(20) be fixed on described die shoe (1) upper surface, described sliding support (5) is placed in described abutment sleeve (4), described in described sliding support (5) one end, hydraulic means (2) connects, the other end is connected with described insulation sleeve (6), described lower sample (7) arranges in described insulation sleeve (6), described sliding support (5) carries described lower sample (7) and insulation sleeve (6) slides up and down in the inwall of abutment sleeve (4), described upper sample (8), heat transfer bar A(9) and heat transfer bar B(11) body of heater that described Split heating furnace (19) is set is provided with in stepped appearance through hole, one end of described upper sample (8) is provided with T junction, by described T junction and described heat transfer bar A(9) the T-slot of one end be connected, described heat transfer bar A(9) the other end is provided with T junction, by described T junction and described heat transfer bar B(11) T-slot of one end is connected, described heat transfer bar B(11) the other end is provided with T junction, by described T junction with on described centring ring (12) T-slot be connected, on described lower sample (7) and upper sample (8), be respectively equipped with 4 thermometer holes (29), described thermopair (30) arranges in described thermometer hole (29), and be connected with described temperature measurer (26), described foil gauge (23) arranges described heat transfer bar A(9) upper, and be connected with described dynamometer (28).
2. a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described heat transfer bar A(9) pyroconductivity be less than described heat transfer bar B(11) pyroconductivity so that high temperature can not impact centring ring (12).
3. a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator according to claim 1, is characterized in that the diameter of described upper sample (8) and lower sample (7) is Φ 10mm, and long is 50mm.
4. a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator according to claim 1, is characterized in that described thermometer hole (29) diameter is Φ 1.2-1.3mm; The diameter of described thermopair (30) is φ1mm.
5. a kind of hot procedure solid-state interface coefficient of heat transfer determinator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described upper sample surface of contact distance of first thermometer hole distance on described upper sample (8) is 3mm, spacing between the hot thermometer hole of arbitrary neighborhood two is 10mm, and the degree of depth of thermometer hole be this specimen finish half; The described lower sample surface of contact distance of first thermometer hole distance on described lower sample (7) is 3mm, and the spacing of arbitrary neighborhood two thermometer holes is 10mm, and the degree of depth of thermometer hole be this specimen finish half.
CN201210102026.8A 2012-04-09 2012-04-09 Measuring device of heat transfer coefficient of solid interface in hot working process Expired - Fee Related CN102621181B (en)

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CN102928461B (en) * 2012-10-26 2015-11-11 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 For measuring the experimental provision of the junker mold coefficient of heat transfer
CN103033530B (en) * 2012-12-07 2015-02-04 山东科技大学 Device and method for measuring heat exchange coefficient of interface in hot stamp process
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CN109991266B (en) * 2019-03-22 2022-07-15 上海工程技术大学 Laser heating measurement device and method for interface heat exchange coefficient and material thermal conductivity
CN110426414B (en) * 2019-08-29 2022-04-01 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 Device and method for measuring convective heat transfer coefficient of aviation oil tank
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