CN102596391A

CN102596391A - Reactor with channels

Info

Publication number: CN102596391A
Application number: CN2010800481497A
Authority: CN
Inventors: D.J.韦斯特
Original assignee: GTL Microsystems AG
Current assignee: GTL Microsystems AG; CompactGTL PLC
Priority date: 2009-10-26
Filing date: 2010-10-12
Publication date: 2012-07-18
Also published as: KR20120106738A; CA2775652A1; JP2013508150A; EA201290227A1; BR112012007908A2; AU2010311190A1; BR112012007908A8; AU2010311190A2; WO2011051696A1; TW201125635A; EP2493603A1; MX2012004595A; ZA201202378B; GB0918738D0; US20120210995A1

Abstract

A reactor (10) comprises a stack of metal sheets (12, 14, 15) arranged to define first and second flow channels (16, 17) within the stack, the first and second flow channels being arranged alternately within the stack, with removable catalyst-carrying gas-permeable non-structural elements (22, 24) within each flow channel in which a reaction is to be performed, wherein the first flow channels are for an exothermic reaction and the second flow channels are for an endothermic reaction. The channels (20) at each end of the stack are such that no heat is generated within them. They may be non-flow channels (20).

Description

Channelled reactor

Technical field

The present invention relates to channelled reactor, be used at high temperature carrying out chemical reaction, for example Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or steam methane reforming, and relate to the reactor block that can be used for forming this reactor.

Background technology

The use of the catalytic reactor of being made up of a pile sheet metal that limits first and second flow channels has for example been described in WO 03/006149; Wherein, On the insert removed such as the wavy paper tinsel in the flow channel, catalyst is provided, WO 03/006149 has described the use of this type of reactor that is used to carry out the various chemical reactions that comprise steam methane reforming.In this type of reactor, passage can perhaps be limited the plate that has groove by the isolated flat board of castellation plate or be spaced apart the isolated flat board of bar and limit.The reactor of another type utilizes pipeline.Steam methane reforming is the endothermic reaction, requires the high temperature usually above 750 ℃; And can required heat be provided through the combustion reaction that takes place in another group passage in catalytic reactor.Though this method is effectively, but still hopes to reduce the thermal gradient in the reactor, because these thermal gradients cause in the material that forms reactor, stress occurring.Can also similar reactor be used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is exothermic reaction, and therefore in this case, the passage adjacent with those passages that are used for synthetic reaction can carry cooling agent.

Not only the thermal gradient in the reactor trends towards causing forming in the material of reactor and stress occurs, but also has the further risk of thermal runaway.Under the situation of some exothermic catalytic reactions, reaction rate can increase and increase along with temperature; And in this case, there is positive feedback between temperature in reactor and the reaction rate.The quick increase that this possibly cause temperature is called thermal runaway, and this possibly cause causing damage to catalyst or to reactor or both, and will reduce the useful life longevity of reactor.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention; A kind of reactor is provided; It defines first and second flow channels in the reactor, and wherein, the fluid and second flow channel that first flow channel is used to experience exothermic reaction are used for heat removal fluid; Wherein, the passage at place, each end of reactor makes and does not produce heat in they inside.

Though mentioned first and second flow channels that are used for first and second fluids, should be appreciated that reactor can be defined for the flow channel more than two kinds of different fluid.

Preferably, within it portion not produce the passage of heat be not flow channel, that is to say do not have fluid to flow through those passages, because said passage one or two place in its end is closed (" non-current passage ").In fact, can there be a plurality of these type of non-current passages, for example two or three at the place, end of reactor.Preferably, the flow channel that approaches each end of reactor most is second flow channel, and can have than the littler cross-sectional area of other second flow channel in the reactor.

This type of reactor can be processed by piece (block), and each piece limits a plurality of first and second flow channels, wherein; First flow channel is used to experience the fluid of exothermic reaction; And second flow channel is used for heat removal fluid, and wherein, the passage at each place, end of piece is second flow channel.In this case, these passages can have than the littler cross-sectional area of other second flow channel in piece through highly less (along direction of heat transfer).Because only it provides heat in a side direction, so it preferably highly is no more than 50% of other second flow channel in the piece.

In replacement scheme; Reactor can be processed by piece; Each piece limits a plurality of first and second flow channels, and wherein, the fluid and second flow channel that first flow channel is used to experience exothermic reaction are used for heat removal fluid; Wherein, the passage at place, each end of piece is first flow channel and has than the littler cross-sectional area of other first flow channel in the piece through highly less (along direction of heat transfer).It preferably highly is no more than 50% of other first flow channel in the piece.

Heat removal fluid can be the fluid of the experience endothermic reaction.Alternatively, heat removal fluid can be a cooling agent.

When through reactor block being made up end to end when constructing reactor, between reactor block in succession, will there be little gap, this little gap stops heat transmission.This gap is preferably wide less than 5 mm.

Preferably; Each reactor block comprises a pile sheet metal that is arranged to qualification first and second flow channels; First and second flow channels alternately are arranged in this heap, and will carry out therein in each flow channel of reaction and have the removable ventilative unstructuredness element that carries catalyst.

In each reactor block, can limit first and second flow channels the groove in the plate that is arranged to heap or plate in heaps and spacer bar (this heap is bonded to together then).Alternatively, can castellation and limit flow channel with foil that flat piece is alternately piled up; Can limit the edge of flow channel sealing strip.The sheetpile that forms reactor for example is bonded to together through diffusion combination, brazing or high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP).

In order to guarantee the contact of required good thermal, first and second flow channels both can be between 20 mm and 1 mm high (on cross section); Each passage can have the width between about 1.5 mm and 25 mm.For instance; Plate (in plane) can have 0.05 m in 1 m scope width and in the length of 0.2 m in 2 m scopes, and flow channel preferably has the height (character that depends on chemical reaction) between 2 mm and 10 mm.For example, plate can be that 0.5 m is wide and 1.0 m long, perhaps wide the and 0.8 m length of 0.6 m; And it can limit, and for example 7 mm are high, the wide passage of 6 mm, or 3 mm are high, the wide passage of 10 mm, or 10 mm are high, the wide passage of 5 mm.Arrange alternately that in heap first and second flow channels help to guarantee the good transfer of heat between the fluid in those passages.For example, first flow channel can be that the passage and second flow channel that is used for burning (to produce heat) can be used for steam/methane reformation (it needs heat).Catalyst structure is inserted in the passage and can be removed replacing, and to reactor intensity is not provided, and therefore, reactor itself must be enough by force to resist any pressure or the thermal stress of operating period.

Preferably, thus each this type of catalyst structure is formed flow channel is subdivided into many PARALLEL FLOW subchannels.Preferably, each catalyst structure comprises the ceramic carrier material on the metal substrate, and it provides carrier for catalyst.Metal substrate provides intensity and strengthens heat transmission through conducting to catalyst structure.Preferably; Metal substrate is a steel alloy; It forms aluminium oxide when being heated adhesive surface coating for example comprise the ferritic steel alloy (for example Fecralloy (TM)) of aluminium, yet metal substrate can alternatively be a different materials also; Such as stainless steel or aluminium, this depends on that it is with temperature that is exposed and chemical environment.Substrate can be paper tinsel, woven wire or felt, and it can be wavy, corrugated or fold; Preferred substrate is that for example thickness is no more than the thin metal foil of 200 μ m, and it is wavy to limit vertical subchannel.

If exothermic reaction is burning, then preferably provide flame arrester can not propagate back the combustible gas mixture that is supplied to burning gallery to guarantee flame in the import department of each flow channel that is used for burning.This can for example take the form of on-catalytic insert in the inlet part of each burning gallery, its part that will be adjacent to the burning gallery of import be subdivided into be not wider than maximum gap size many narrow flow path so that prevent flame propagation.For example, this type of on-catalytic insert can be vertical wavy paper tinsel or a plurality of vertical wavy paper tinsel in heaps.Alternatively or in addition, supplying through collector under the situation of fuel gas, then this type of flame arrester can be provided in collector.

Passage can be square on cross section, perhaps can have the height that is greater than or less than width; Highly refer to along the dimension of direction of heap, that is along the dimension of direction of heat transfer.Catalyst element can for example comprise that single shaping is thin, for example wavy paper tinsel; It is suitable especially that this minimum transverse cross-sectional dimension at passage is no more than under the situation of about 3 mm, yet it is also applicable in the wideer passage.Alternatively, and especially under the situation of minimum transverse cross-sectional dimension greater than about 2 mm of passage, catalyst structure can comprise a plurality of these type of shaping paper tinsels that separated by basic flat foil.In order to guarantee required good transfer of heat (for example in the steam/methane reforming reactor), burning gallery is preferably high less than 10 mm.But it is high that passage is preferably at least 1 mm, otherwise will be difficult to insert catalyst structure, and the engineering tolerance becomes crucial more.As an example, passage can all be that 7 mm are high and 6 mm are wide, and in each case, catalyst element can comprise single shaping paper tinsel or a plurality of shaping paper tinsel.

Description of drawings

Now will only come further and more particularly to describe the present invention with the mode of example and with reference to accompanying drawing, in said accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 partly illustrates the perspective schematic view (cross section is on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2) of the part of the reactor block that is suitable for the steam/methane reformation with the cross section;

Fig. 1 a and 1b illustrate the remodeling to the reactor of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 illustrates the side view of reactor block of the assembling of Fig. 1, shows flow path;

Fig. 3 a, 3b and 3c illustrate the plane of each several part of reactor block of Fig. 1 of assembly process; And

Fig. 4 illustrates the perspective view that comprises with the exploded of the reactor of the similar reactor block of Fig. 1.

The specific embodiment

The present invention is applicable to the process that produces synthesis gas (that is to say the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) through steam reformation from natural gas.This synthesis gas can for example be used for producing the more hydrocarbon of long-chain through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis subsequently.Through with steam with methane blended and mixture is at high temperature contacted with suitable catalyst, thereby steam and methane reaction carry out steam reforming reaction to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen.Steam reforming reaction absorbs heat, and can heat be provided through for example hydrocarbon and/or the catalytic combustion that is mixed with the hydrogen of air, therefore, burns on the combustion catalyst in the adjacent flow channels in reforming reactor.

With reference now to Fig. 1,, show reactor block 10, it is suitable for as steam reformer reactors or supplies in steam reformer reactors, to use.Reactor block 10 is defined for the passage and the passage that is used for steam methane reforming of catalyticing combustion process.Reactor 10 is by forming for a pile plate of rectangle in plane, and each plate is that corrosion-resistant high temperature alloy is processed, such as inconel 625, Xite 800HT or extra large sodium alloy HR-120.Flat 12 has the thickness in 0.5 to the 4 mm scope usually, is that 2.0 mm are thick in this case, and alternately arranges with castellation plate 14 or 15, thereby the battlements buttress defines passage 16 or 17.Castellation plate 14 and 15 alternately is arranged in the heap.Castellation plate 14 and 15 thickness is usually in the scope between 0.2 and 3.5 mm, and is 0.9 mm in each case.The height of battlements buttress and is 3.9 mm in each case usually in the scope of 2-10 mm, and along the side solid hopkinson bar 18 with same thickness is provided.The wavelength of the battlements buttress in the castellation plate 14 and 15 can be different each other, but shown in the figure of preferred embodiment, wavelength is identical, makes in each case, and fin in succession or frenulum be 10 mm separately.Can castellation plate 14 and 15 be called fin structure.

Flat end plate 19 is positioned at each place, end of heap, and end plate 19 also has the thickness of 2.0 mm in each case.Explained that about Fig. 3 c the passage that in latter two castellation plate 14a that is adjacent to end plate 19 and 15a, limits is non-flow channel 20 like hereinafter.In a kind of remodeling, end plate can have different thickness, is generally 2.0 bigger thickness in 10 mm scopes.In this example, the castellation plate 14 in the

reactor block

10,14a, 15 and the number of 15a be 13, make that the total height of reactor block 10 is 78.7 mm.

Though at each castellation plate 14 shown in Fig. 1 or 15 only for fixed five passages, in the reactor of reality, in the reactor block 10 of the overall with of about 500 mm, possibly exist more many, for example above 40 passages.

Usually will be through diffusion combination, brazing or high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) with the sheetpile assembling and combine.Insert separately catalytic insert 22 or 24 (each only one shown in Fig. 1) then in passage 16 and 17 each, carry and be used for catalyst for reaction separately.These inserts 22 and 24 preferably have metal substrate and the ceramic coating that serves as the carrier that is used for active catalytic material, and metal substrate can be a thin metal foil.For example, insert 22,24 can comprise wavy paper tinsel of a pile and flat foil, and perhaps single wavy paper tinsel has occupied flow channel 16 or 17 separately, and each paper tinsel has the thickness less than 0.1 mm, for example 50 microns.(in non-current passage 20, there is not this type of catalytic insert.）

With reference now to Fig. 1 a and 1b,, show some remodeling of reactor block 10.Though the passage 16 of reactor block 10 and 17 width are highly bigger than it, shown in Fig. 1 a and 1b, alternatively height over width is big for it.Insert 22 shown in Figure 1 and 24 is made up of the single wavy paper tinsel in each passage; In Fig. 1 a, insert 22a again is single wavy paper tinsel, and in Fig. 1 b, insert 22b comprises wavy paper tinsel of a pile and flat foil.

With reference now to Fig. 2,, shows the side view of the reactor block 10 of assembling.The admixture of gas of experience burning is at (the top, an end of reactor block 10; As shown in the figure) locate to get into collector 30; And after through baffle plate flame arrester 31, follow flow channel 17, flow channel 17 extends along most of length of reactor 10 as the crow flies.Another end of orientating reaction device piece 10, flow channel 17 turn to 90 ° to locate to be connected to collector 32 with the side (as shown in the figure, lower right) in another end of reactor 10, and this flow path is illustrated as dotted line C.The admixture of gas that will experience the steam methane reforming reaction is (as shown in the figure in the side of an end of reactor block 10; The upper left side) locates to get into collector 34; Through baffle plate 35, and turn to 90 ° then to flow through the flow channel 16 that extends as the crow flies along most of length of reactor block 10, (as shown in the figure to appear at another end through collector 36; The bottom) locate, this flow path is illustrated as chain-dotted line S.Therefore, this layout makes that flowing is co-flow; And make that in flow channel 16 and 17 each is straight along its most of length, and is communicated with, make it possible to easily insert catalyst insert 22 and 24 before at attached

collector

30 or 36 with the

collector

30 or 36 at the place, end of reactor block 10.It possibly be preferred only along those parts of the straight part of the flow channel 16 of mutual vicinity and 17 catalyst insert 22 and 24 being provided.

In this example, shown in Figure 1 each dull and stereotyped 12 has the wide size of growing with 1.0 m of 500 mm and therefore it is the transverse cross-sectional area of reactor block 10.With reference now to Fig. 3 a,, the plane of a part of the reactor block 10 of assembly process is shown, show castellation plate 15 (this view is in the plane of the view that is parallel to Fig. 2).Castellation plate 15 has the length of 800 mm and the width of 460 mm, and side lever 18 has the width of 20 mm.The top of castellation plate 15 is aimed at dull and stereotyped 12 top edge, thereby it is open (to be communicated with collector 30).In the side lever 18 one (as shown in the figure, left side one) is that 1.0 m are long, and is incorporated into and crosses over the corresponding end bar 18a that extend the end.Therefore, there is the wide gap of 180 mm (to be communicated with collector 32) in corner in the bottom right.Rectangular area between the bottom of castellation plate 15 and the end bar 18a is occupied by two

gables

26 and 27 of castellation plate: first 26 has the battlements buttress that is parallel to end bar 18a; And extend to the edge (thereby being communicated with) of heap with collector 32, and second portion 27 have with castellation plate 15 in those parallel battlements buttress.

With reference to figure 3b, show the view that is equal to Fig. 3 a, but castellation plate 14 is shown.In this case, castellation plate 14 again has the length of 800 mm and the width of 460 mm, and side lever 18 has the width of 20 mm.The bottom of castellation plate 14 is aimed at dull and stereotyped 12 feather edge, thereby it is open (to be communicated with collector 36).In the side lever 18 one (as shown in the figure, right side one) is that 1.0 m are long, and is incorporated into and crosses over the corresponding end bar 18a that extend the end.Therefore there is the wide gap of 180 mm (to be communicated with) with collector 34 at the upper left corner place.The

gable

26 and 27 that has the castellation plate in the rectangular area between the top of castellation plate 14 and end bar 18a: first 26 has the battlements that is parallel to end bar 18a and piles up neatly; And extend to the edge (thereby being communicated with) of heap with collector 34, and another part 27 have with castellation plate 14 in those parallel battlements buttress.

With reference to figure 3c, show the view that is equal to Fig. 3 a and 3b, but show one the castellation plate 14a that limits in the non-current passage 20.In this case, castellation plate 14a has the length of 960 mm and the width of 460 mm again.In this case, two side levers 18 are 1.0 m length, and they are connected to end bar 18a at each place, end.Therefore, there is not the fluid stream that flows through non-current passage 20.Yet as shown in the figure, corner exists float to portal 28 under a upper right turning and a left side, makes non-current passage 20 be under the pressure of surrounding environment.

Should be appreciated that, can use many other of the each several part of castellation plate to arrange this variation that realizes airflow direction.For example, the part 27 of castellation plate 15 and castellation plate can be in aggregates each other, because they have identical and parallel battlements buttress; And similarly, the part 27 of castellation plate 14 and adjacent castellation plate can be in aggregates each other.Preferably, the battlements on the

gable

26 and 27 buttress have with passage qualifying part 14 or 15 on those identical shapes.

As previously mentioned, after

sheetpile

12,14,15 was assembled, catalyst insert 22 and 24 was inserted in reaction channel 16 and 17.Preferably; At the passage that is used for burning gases C 17, catalyst insert 24 has the length of 600 mm, thereby occupies following 3/4ths of straight channels; Shown in the plane among Fig. 3 a; This part is indicated by arrow P, and is occupied by the on-catalytic distance piece by other 200 mm of arrow Q indication, and this on-catalytic distance piece can be taked the form of the wavy paper tinsel of loose fit.Similarly, at the passage 16 that is used for steam reformation admixture of gas S, catalyst insert 22 has the length of 600 mm, and indicated like arrow R, and catalyst insert 22 occupies the last 3/4ths of straight channels, shown in the plane among Fig. 3 b; Other 200 mms indicated like arrow Q are occupied by the on-catalytic distance piece.After inserting catalyst insert 22 and 24; Can cross over the attached woven wire (not shown) in bottom of reactor block 10, make distance piece and catalyst insert 22 can when reactor block 10 is in its stand up position (as shown in Figure 2), not fall outside the flow channel 16.Therefore, be only in those directly contiguous each other parts of flow channel 16 and 17, to have catalytic insert 22 and 24 with what recognize.

Be can collector 30,32,34 and 36 be attached to reactor block 10 then with what recognize.Yet, provide more jumbo reactor possibility convenient, and this can realize through a plurality of these type of reactor block are combined.

With reference now to Fig. 4,, shows reactor 40.This is made up of reactor block 10 similar a plurality of reactor block 10a and the 10b with Fig. 1.There are two reactor end block 10a in place, end at reactor 40.The difference of these end blocks 10a and reactor block 10 is that it only has non-current passage 20 at the place, an end of heap, and it is the end of the end of formation reactor 40; There is the flow channel 16 that is used for steam methane reforming air-flow S in another place, end at reactor block 10a.A plurality of internal block 10b are between these end blocks 10a, and a plurality of internal block 10b and end block 10a different are not have non-current passage 20; The flow channel 16 that is used for steam methane reforming gas stream S is positioned at the place, two ends of each internal block 10b.

Assembly process at reactor 40;

Reactor block

10a or 10b are welded to each other to become to make stays the wide gap of 2.3 mm between piece in succession; This welding filled on the edge of will attached

collector

30,32,34 and those positions of 36 (also referring to Fig. 2) around the gap, but can not stay open gap 41 (only illustrating three) on those parts of attached collector in the side.This can be through remaining on piece desired spacing and crossing over the gap and weld and realize; Perhaps realize through between piece, placing the thick spacer bar of 2.3 mm along those parts that will be filled and piece and spacer bar being welded together.

Then

collector

30,32,34 and 36 is attached to reactor 40.In this example; Each collector extends on the whole length of reactor 40; Reactor 40 has the total length of 1.0 m in this case, and each

collector

30,32,34 and 36 has and is used for single fluid inlet or the

delivery channel

42,43,44 and 45 of fluid C, S separately.

Therefore, in operation, reactor block 10 or reactor 40 can be used as a part that is used for from the equipment of methane and steam mixture generation synthesis gas.Combustible gas mixture (referring to arrow C) will be supplied to collector 30, thereby flow along flow path 17, and in flow path 17, it experiences catalytic combustion, discharge gas and appear in the collector 32.Methane and steam mixture (referring to arrow S) will be supplied to collector 34; Thereby flow along flow path 16; Catalyst insert 22 is arranged in the flow path 16; Normally under about 600 ℃ temperature, supply, and mixture is along with it is increased to about 770 ℃ temperature through reactor 40.Resulting synthesis gas appears in the collector 36, thereby occurs through delivery channel 45.

The outermost flow channel that air-flow wherein occurs in the reactor 40 is a reformation passage 16.Receive the restriction of the non-current passage 20 that is provided from the heat transmission of these outermost passages.This has reduced the thermal gradient in the reactor 40, and has therefore reduced its thermal stress that stands.

In a kind of remodeling, because outermost reformation passage 16 only flows at side experience heat, so those outermost reformation passages 16 can have the height littler than other reformation passage in the reactor block 10 16.For example, their height the height of other reformation passage 30% and 70% between, most preferably the height of other reformation passage 16 45% and 55% between.Therefore, corresponding insert 22 also will have less height.

Because in each internal reactor piece 10b, the outermost flow channel is the reformation passage, so the design of above-mentioned reactor has guaranteed that burning gallery is not adjacent to burning gallery, this is favourable for reducing thermal gradient.Indicated like preceding text, piece 10a in succession, the air gap between the 10b can be opened at the place, side to allow air circulation, perhaps alternatively, can make that air is sealed around the whole circumference of piece with each block welding together.This type of the air gap stops heat transmission.

Should be appreciated that, can revise reactor block 10 and reactor 40 in remaining in scope of the present invention in every way.Indicated like preceding text, the channel arrangement in the reactor block 10 is NNSCSCSCSCSNN (13 layers of passage that promptly between steam reformation (S) and burning (C), replace, outermost is steam reformation, but has two non-current layers (N) at the place, end).In more not preferred replacement scheme, outermost layer is burning, thereby a plurality of layer will be NNCSCSCSCSCNN.Similarly, in each internal reactor piece 10b, channel arrangement is SCSCSCSCSCSCS.

Substitute and do not arrange more preferably that outermost layer is burning: CSCSCSCSCSCSC; In this case, the outermost passage has the height littler than other burning gallery in the piece 10 17; They can be for example the cross-sectional area of other burning gallery 40% and 70% between, for example 50%.Be that the number of the layer in the reactor block can be with described different with what recognize.For example, each internal reactor piece can only have three layers, and these can be arranged to SCS or CSC.

What also will recognize is; Although to be illustrated as be parallel co-flow to the flow direction of first flow channel and second flow channel in above-mentioned reactor; But flow direction also can be parallel reverse flow, and perhaps alternatively, flow direction can be that transversely direction perhaps can bevel.

Claims

1. reactor; Define first and second flow channels in the said reactor, wherein, the fluid and second flow channel that first flow channel is used to experience exothermic reaction are used for heat removal fluid; Wherein, the passage at place, each end of reactor makes and does not produce heat in they inside.

2. reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, within it portion not produce the passage of heat be non-flow channel.

3. wherein, there are a plurality of these type of non-current passages in reactor as claimed in claim 2 at least one place, end of reactor.

4. like claim 2 or the described reactor of claim 3, wherein, said non-current passage one or two place in its end is closed.

5. like each the described reactor in the claim 2 to 4, wherein, the flow channel that approaches non-current passage most is second flow channel.

6. like each the described reactor in the aforementioned claim; Comprise a pile reactor block; Each piece limits a plurality of first and second flow channels, and wherein, the fluid and second flow channel that first flow channel is used to experience exothermic reaction are used for heat removal fluid; Wherein, the passage that is adjacent to another this type of piece at each place, end of piece is second flow channel.

7. reactor as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the passage that is adjacent to another this type of piece at each place, end of piece has than the littler cross-sectional area of other second flow channel in the piece through highly less on the direction of heat transmission.

8. like each the described reactor in the claim 1 to 5; Comprise a pile reactor block, each piece limits a plurality of first and second flow channels, wherein; The fluid and second flow channel that first flow channel is used to experience exothermic reaction are used for heat removal fluid; Wherein, the passage that is adjacent to another this type of piece at each place, end of piece is first flow channel, and has than the littler cross-sectional area of other first flow channel in the piece through highly less on the direction of heat transmission.

9. like each the described reactor in the aforementioned claim, wherein, said heat removal fluid is the fluid of the experience endothermic reaction.

10. like each the described reactor in the claim 1 to 8, wherein, said heat removal fluid is a cooling agent.

11. as each described reactor in the aforementioned claim; Comprise and be arranged to a pile sheet metal that limits first and second flow channels; First and second flow channels alternately are arranged in the heap; And wherein, will carry out therein in each flow channel of reaction provide removable, unstructuredness element that carry catalyst, ventilative.