CN102591094A - Ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference - Google Patents
Ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference Download PDFInfo
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- CN102591094A CN102591094A CN2012100397036A CN201210039703A CN102591094A CN 102591094 A CN102591094 A CN 102591094A CN 2012100397036 A CN2012100397036 A CN 2012100397036A CN 201210039703 A CN201210039703 A CN 201210039703A CN 102591094 A CN102591094 A CN 102591094A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference. The ultra short single pulse light generator includes a photonic crystal input waveguide in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, wherein the input waveguide is respectively connected with a first photonic crystal bending waveguide and a second photonic crystal bending waveguide; and the first photonic crystal bending waveguide and the second photonic crystal bending waveguide are connected with a photonic crystal output waveguide. The ultra short single pulse light generator is small in volume, low in power consumption and easy for realization of large-scale logic light path integration, and has wide application value in small optical logic integrated chips.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photonic crystal integrated device field, it is poor to relate to 2 D photon crystal, photon crystal linear defect wave-guide, photonic crystal optical splitter, phase of light wave, is specifically related to the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of a kind of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal.
Background technology
1987; The John of breadboard Yablonovitch of U.S. Bell and Princeton university is respectively when how research suppresses the photon local in spontaneous radiation and the unordered dielectric substance; Proposed the notion of photonic crystal independently of one another: by the microstructure that the material interval periodic arrangement of differing dielectric constant forms, its grating constant is the same order of magnitude with the wavelength of work light wave.
Since photonic crystal emerges; Research to it has obtained very big progress, and photonic crystal can be applied to make high performance catoptron, photonic crystal optical waveguides, light emitting diode, wavelength filter, micro-resonant cavity, light various photon crystal devices such as open the light.
In recent years; The research work of optical logic device becomes a research focus; Some basic optical logic gates are successfully by invention and realization; The realization of further extensive logic function then need be used pulse producer as control signal, and the present invention is the very high full light monopulse generator of a kind of contrast.
The traditional optical monopulse all is to obtain through light-pulse generator, for example transfers Q and mode-locked laser, obtain the optics monopulse by this method and need use the bigger device of volume, and power consumption is big.It is integrated that key is that such optics monopulse generator is unfavorable for, can't be applied in the integrated optics logical device.Optics monopulse generator of the present invention is to utilize the light path in the photonic crystal to realize that advantages such as volume is little, low power consuming that it has also are easy to realize integrated.
Optics monopulse generator of the present invention is based on time delay principle and interference of light principle.Be divided into two bundles after input light gets into waveguide, the light path of two-beam ripple experience is inequality, through suitable change structure and optical path difference, makes two-beam have stable phase differential, produces monopulse after the coherence stack.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides that a kind of structural volume is little, low power consuming, be easy to integrated optics monopulse generator.The technical scheme that solves technical matters of the present invention is: a kind of beam split delayed interference ultrashort monopulse optical generator of formula photonic crystal that disappears mutually is provided; It is included in a photonic crystal input waveguide in the 2 D photon crystal, and said input waveguide is connected with the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide respectively; The said first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide are connected with the photonic crystal output waveguide.
Described 2 D photon crystal is the two-dimensional and periodic arrangement by silicon or other high refractive index medium bar and constitutes in air or other low-refraction background media; The forbidden photon band of this photonic crystal has covered the value of operation wavelength, and preferably, the low refractive index dielectric material is taken as air; High refractive index medium is taken as silicon; The grating constant of periodic structure photonic crystal is taken as a μ m, and the radius of dielectric rod is taken as 0.18a μ m, and operation wavelength is taken as 2.984a μ m.
Said photonic crystal input waveguide, the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide and photonic crystal output waveguide are photon crystal linear defect wave-guide, and the wavelength of the light wave that transmits in the waveguide is positioned at the forbidden photon band wavelength coverage of the photonic crystal of waveguide both sides.
The length of described photonic crystal input waveguide or photonic crystal output waveguide is not less than 3 lattice period or grating constant; The length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide is not less than 12 lattice period or grating constant, and the length of the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is greater than the length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide.
The optimum value of the light path phase difference value of the described first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is the odd of π, and promptly the path length difference of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is the odd of half-wavelength.
The pulsewidth of the monopulse that produces in the said waveguiding structure for the phase differential of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide in this structure, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide divided by the work circular frequency; Be (2m+1) π/ω; Wherein m is the nature positive integer, and ω is the operation wavelength circular frequency.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
1. little, the low power consuming of structural volume, be easy to realize that extensive logic light path is integrated;
2. this monopulse generator has widespread use value in micro-optics logic integrated chip.
Description of drawings
Typical structure such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 4 of the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal of the present invention; It is made up of two waveguiding structures with optical path difference; Port one is input, and port 2 is an output terminal, and waveguide 3 has stable optical path difference with waveguide 4.For above-mentioned monopulse generator structure, the optical path difference of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 has an optimal value, is the odd of half-wavelength, to obtain monopulse preferably.
Fig. 1 implements disappear the mutually structural representation of the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of formula photonic crystal of 1 beam split delayed interference, and wherein blank parts is an air, and black circle is a dielectric rod; Linear blank defects is an optical waveguide; Port one is an input end, and port 2 is an output terminal, and linear blank 3 and 4 is optical waveguide.
Fig. 2 is the last steady-state light field distribution of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 be embodiment 1 output port light wave electric field amplitude square the time domain response squiggle.
Fig. 4 is the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal of embodiment 2, and wherein blank parts is an air, and black circle is a dielectric rod; Linear blank defects is an optical waveguide; Port one is an input end, and port 2 is an output terminal, and linear blank 3 and 4 is optical waveguide.
Fig. 5 be embodiment 2 output port light wave electric field amplitude square the time domain response squiggle.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal of embodiment 3, and wherein blank parts is an air, and black circle is a dielectric rod; Linear blank defects is an optical waveguide; Port one is an input end, and port 2 is an output terminal, and linear blank 3 and 4 is optical waveguide.
Fig. 7 is square time dependent curve of electric field amplitude of light of output port of the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal of embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further description.
The present invention is made up of the waveguiding structure with light stable path difference based on the 2 D photon crystal line defect.With reference to Fig. 1, monopulse generator is made up of the medium post of periodic arrangement in air.Round dot wherein is linear high refractive index medium post, and preferably, low-index material (blank parts) is an air, and high refractive index medium is elected silicon materials as, and its refractive index is taken as 3.51.In the following embodiment, the refractive index of getting air is 1, and the grating constant a that other gets photonic crystal is that the radius of 1 μ m, linear high refractive index medium post is that 0.18 μ m, operation wavelength are 2.984 μ m.
For optical wavelength in the optical communication is 1.55 μ m; The flexible principle of invariance of separating according to Maxwell equation; The physical dimension of the physical dimension of structure and all elements in the structure is done the convergent-divergent of same factor, simultaneously wavelength is done the equal proportion convergent-divergent, the form of then separating is constant.Is 2.984/1.55=1.92516 with operation wavelength by the coefficient of reduction that 2.984 μ m become 1.55 μ m; In order to make the structure can be in this operating wave strong point work; Then need grating constant be become 1 μ m/1.92516=0.5194 μ m, the radius of dielectric rod is become 0.18 μ m/1.92516=0.0935 μ m.
Suitably regulate the shape and the length (like Fig. 1) of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4, have when 2 bundle light waves are met once more intensity quite, optical path difference is the odd of half-wavelength, promptly the light path phase differential is the odd of π.
Its course of work is following:
When a branch of light wave during,, there is the waveguide 3 that makes progress of the light wave of equal amplitudes to propagate respectively with waveguide downwards 4 at waveguide crotch near port one from port one incident; The length of waveguide 3 is less than the length of waveguide 4, and there is a phase differential in two ripples that the difference of these two waveguide lengths causes wherein propagating when arriving output ports 2, and this phase differential of length official post through design waveguide 3 and 4 is the odd of π; In the time period t that arrives port 2 less than light from port one through waveguide 3
1In, the lightwave signal amplitude of output terminal is 0; Greater than t
1, but arrive the time t of ports 2 through waveguide 4 from port one less than light
2 Interior output port 2 has light output, and amplitude is bigger; Greater than t
2Rise constantly, the two-way phase differential is light wave output terminal 2 stacks of π, and output becomes 0, thereby accomplishes the forming process of monopulse.Consider that waveguide has certain constraint and memory action to light, the foundation of light and disappear and all need experience a transient process in the waveguide, promptly the waveform that obtains of output terminal is the pinnacle, rather than flat-top.
Optics monopulse generator of the present invention is based on time delay principle and interference of light principle.Be divided into two bundles after input light gets into waveguide, the light path of two-beam ripple experience is inequality, through suitable change structure and optical path difference, makes two-beam have stable phase differential, produces monopulse after the coherence stack.
The above course of work based on mechanism be that (1) postpones principle: when input end 1 no input signal, be output as 0, when input end 1 has input light, the light in the waveguide 4 is still during the no show output terminal, and output terminal only has and comes from the light that waveguide 3 is come; (2) interfere the principle that disappears mutually: when input end 1 has input light, the light of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 has all propagated into after the output port, because this two-way light anti-phase, output becomes 0, and 0 signal is kept in output after this, has so accomplished the forming process of a monopulse.
Digital simulation result confirms that this structure can produce monopulse.Apply at input end under the situation of a continuous wave; Digital analogue result as shown in Figures 2 and 3, wherein Fig. 2 is that time shaft shown in Figure 3 is terminal, i.e. the field pattern of structure shown in Figure 1 during ct=1000 μ m; Wherein in order to simplify, the field intensity of only having drawn is greater than 0 and less than the field distribution in 1 zone.The analog result that Fig. 3 provides proves that this structure can produce the ultrashort monopulse of single that half-power width is 70.50 femtoseconds really.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 2, identical among used material and the embodiment 1.Embodiment 2 is that with the difference of embodiment 1 length and the shape of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 change to some extent.But in embodiment 2, waveguide 3 and 4 light path phase differential also satisfy the odd of half-wavelength, and promptly the light path phase differential also is the odd of π.Fig. 5 applies under the continuous light RST at input end, the output terminal light signal time waveform figure that digital simulation obtains.Fig. 5 shows that the structure of Fig. 4 can obtain the single ultrashort pulse that half-power width is 93 femtoseconds.
Fig. 6 is embodiment 3, identical among used material and the embodiment 1.Embodiment 3 is that with the difference of embodiment 1 length of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 changes to some extent.But in embodiment 3, waveguide 3 and 4 light path phase differential also satisfy the odd of half-wavelength, and promptly the light path phase differential also is the odd of π.Fig. 7 applies under the continuous light RST at input end, the output terminal light signal time waveform figure that digital simulation obtains.Fig. 7 shows that the structure of Fig. 6 can obtain the single ultrashort pulse that half-power width is 72.67 femtoseconds.When simulation, with respect to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, power input has increased by 3 times.
The above the present invention all has improvements in embodiment and range of application, is not to be understood that to be the restriction to invention.
Claims (6)
1. ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal; It is characterized in that: be included in a photonic crystal input waveguide in the 2 D photon crystal, said input waveguide is connected with the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide respectively; The said first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide are connected with the photonic crystal output waveguide.
2. the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described 2 D photon crystal is the two-dimensional and periodic arrangement by silicon or other high refractive index medium bar and constitutes in air or other low-refraction background media, the forbidden photon band of this photonic crystal has covered the value of operation wavelength; Preferably; The low refractive index dielectric material is taken as air, and high refractive index medium is taken as silicon, and the grating constant of periodic structure photonic crystal is taken as a μ m; The radius of dielectric rod is taken as 0.18a μ m, and operation wavelength is taken as 2.984a μ m.
3. the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said photonic crystal input waveguide, the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide and photonic crystal output waveguide are photon crystal linear defect wave-guide, and the wavelength of the light wave that transmits in the waveguide is positioned at the forbidden photon band wavelength coverage of the photonic crystal of waveguide both sides.
4. the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; The length of described photonic crystal input waveguide or photonic crystal output waveguide is not less than 3 lattice period or grating constant; The length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide is not less than 12 lattice period or grating constant, and the length of the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is greater than the length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide.
5. the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The optimum value of the light path phase difference value of the described first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is the odd of π, and promptly the path length difference of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is the odd of half-wavelength.
6. the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of beam split delayed interference photonic crystal according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The pulsewidth of the monopulse that produces in the said waveguiding structure for the phase differential of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide in this structure, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide divided by the work circular frequency; Be (2m+1) π/ω, wherein m is the nature positive integer, and ω is the operation wavelength circular frequency.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001330793A (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2001-11-30 | Atr Adaptive Communications Res Lab | Pulse light forming device |
| US20030011775A1 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2003-01-16 | Marin Soljacic | Mach-Zehnder interferometer using photonic band gap crystals |
| US20110008000A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2011-01-13 | Nec Corporation | Optical switch and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2011088367A1 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-21 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Apparatus and method for generating femtosecond pulses via tempotal solition compression in phtonic crystals |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001330793A (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2001-11-30 | Atr Adaptive Communications Res Lab | Pulse light forming device |
| US20030011775A1 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2003-01-16 | Marin Soljacic | Mach-Zehnder interferometer using photonic band gap crystals |
| US20110008000A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2011-01-13 | Nec Corporation | Optical switch and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2011088367A1 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-21 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Apparatus and method for generating femtosecond pulses via tempotal solition compression in phtonic crystals |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| J.W.WU等: "Sub-picosecond pulse generation using hybrid silicon and GaInP waveguides", 《THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D》, vol. 65, 25 November 2011 (2011-11-25), pages 547 - 551 * |
| NORITSUGU YAMAMOTO等: "A Double Pulse Generator by 2D Photonic Crystal Waveguide System", 《2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS,IEEE》, 18 May 2007 (2007-05-18), pages 487 - 489 * |
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