CN102562958A - Speed shifting tool and speed shifting control method thereof - Google Patents
Speed shifting tool and speed shifting control method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102562958A CN102562958A CN2010106123581A CN201010612358A CN102562958A CN 102562958 A CN102562958 A CN 102562958A CN 2010106123581 A CN2010106123581 A CN 2010106123581A CN 201010612358 A CN201010612358 A CN 201010612358A CN 102562958 A CN102562958 A CN 102562958A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- motor
- speed
- control system
- switch
- gear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a speed shifting tool which comprises a case, a motor, an output shaft, a gear transmission mechanism and a control system, wherein the motor is arranged in the case and outputs rotary power; the gear transmission mechanism is arranged between the motor and the output shaft so as to transmit rotary output to the output shaft and comprises at least one gear train and a moving piece, the moving piece can move between the fist position and the second position, and the moving piece and the gear train are matched in different ways in the first position and the second position so that the gear transmission mechanism outputs the speed of the motor in different reduction ratios; and the control system comprises a driving device matched with the moving piece, the driving device is used for driving the moving piece to move between the first position and the second position, and the control system also comprises an electronic switch in parallel to the motor. When the reduction ratio of the gear transmission mechanism requires changing, the control system cuts off the current of the motor, connects the electronic switch and controls the driving device to drive the moving piece to move between the first position and the second position.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of speed change tool, especially a kind of instrument by the exportable different rotating speeds of motor-driven band variable transmission mechanism is like electric drill, screwdriver set and hammer drill etc.The invention still further relates to the shifting control method of such speed change tool.
Background technique
A kind of speed change tool like electric drill, screwdriver set and hammer drill etc., has the exportable different rotating speed of variable transmission mechanism to adapt to different load torques.The variable transmission mechanism of speed change tool all comprises the gear drive and the control system of connection motor and output shaft usually, thereby this control system makes output shaft export different speed through the meshing relation change velocity ratio of change with gear drive.In the prior art; Announce the automatic transmission of No. 6824491 announcement like U. S. Patent; Its control system can change the output of the meshing relation realization friction speed of adjustment automatically and gear drive according to load torque; This control system is utilized the throw-out collar rotation of strap cam face to promote slip ring and is moved axially, and then the ring gear in the actuation gear driving mechanism moves axially and be arranged on the whirl-stop device clamping on the shell.European patent application discloses EP0787931A1 and also discloses a kind of automatic transmission.Above-mentioned these automatic transmissions are all realized automaitc shfit with the variation of the corresponding outputting torsion of position relationship change between the mechanical structure; This mechanical type gear makes that not only the inner mechanical realization of gear drive is more complicated; And owing to ring gear also rotated in the axially movable while; And shell is relatively-stationary; So when this gear in speed change the time, therefore the collision and be difficult to engagement each other of the tooth of the ring gear in the rotation and the tooth of the whirl-stop device on the shell can't really realize automaitc shfit and carry out the purpose of industrialized implementation.China bulletin patent CN201093036Y discloses the speed change tool that a kind of electric drives, but its control system sensing physical parameter and after parameter reaches predetermined value accessory drive carry out automaitc shfit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of speed change tool is provided, and this instrument comes simplified structure through the means that electromechanics combines, and is implemented in and can makes the purpose that automaticallyes switch between the different output gears fast.
Technological scheme of the present invention is: a kind of speed change tool comprises: casing; Motor is arranged in the casing, and outputting rotary power; Output shaft; Gear drive; Be arranged between motor and the output shaft and be delivered on the output shaft with rotation output with motor; It comprises an at least one group of train of gearings and a moving part, and said moving part can move between the primary importance and the second place, and when the primary importance and the second place; Said moving part cooperates with said train of gearings in a different manner, thereby gear drive is with the rotating speed of different reduction speed ratio output motors; Control system comprises the drive unit that cooperates with moving part, and said drive unit is used to drive said moving part and between the primary importance and the second place, moves; Said control system also comprises the electronic switch parallelly connected with said motor; When needs change the reduction speed ratio of said gear drive; Said control system is connected said electronic switch after cutting off motor current, and accessory drive drives said moving part and between the primary importance and the second place, moves.
Preferably, when primary importance, gear drive is with the rotating speed of low reduction speed ratio output motor; When the second place, gear drive is with the rotating speed of high reduction speed ratio output motor.
Preferably; Said control system also comprises electronic control unit; Said electronic control unit is used to detect the parameter that characterizes the output shaft load; After said parameter reached predetermined value, said electronic control unit was connected said electronic switch after cutting off motor current, and accessory drive drives said moving part and moves to the second place from primary importance.
Preferably; Said control system also comprises electronic control unit and trigger switch; When trigger switch is artificially triggered; One electrical signal generates and also to pass to electronic control unit, electronic control unit this electrical signal of response and connect said electronic switch after cutting off motor current, and accessory drive drives said moving part and moves to the second place or move to primary importance from the second place from primary importance.
Preferably, said electronic control unit breaks off said electronic switch after connecting motor current once more.
Preferably, the time of said electronic switch connection is less than 200mS.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of shifting control method of speed change tool is provided, and this method can make speed change tool between different output gears, can automatically switch fast.
The shifting control method of the present invention such as foregoing speed change tool may further comprise the steps:
1) said control system is cut off motor current;
2) said control system is connected said electronic switch;
3) said control system accessory drive drives said moving part and moves to the second place from primary importance.
Preferably, said shifting control method also comprises:
1) said control system detects the speed change tool physical parameter, judges the working state of speed change tool;
2) when the load torque of said output shaft changes to predetermined value, carry out the step that said control system is cut off motor current.
Preferably, said shifting control method also comprises:
1) artificially trigger said trigger switch, an electrical signal generates and passes to control system, and control system responds this electrical signal and carries out the step that said control system is cut off motor current.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention applies electric current through electronic control unit to electromagnet apparatus, drives the ring gear linear motion, thereby changes the reduction speed ratio of gear drive, and then realizes the purpose of automaitc shfit.In addition; Electronic control unit can carry out gear switch again through suspending the motor rotation earlier earlier, thereby effectively avoid the tooth problem of beating in the automaitc shfit process when carrying out automaitc shfit; And then prolong tool life; Simultaneously, shorten the time that motor suspends, increase work efficiency through electric brake is set.
Description of drawings
Be that example combines accompanying drawing that the present invention is further specified with the gear in the electric drill below.
Fig. 1 is the partial sectional view of speed change tool of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the local enlarged diagram of the drive unit among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a is the gear drive sectional view of speed change tool of the present invention when being in high gear.
Fig. 3 b is the gear drive sectional view of speed change tool of the present invention when being in low gear.
Fig. 4 a is another embodiment's of drive unit of a speed change tool of the present invention partial sectional view.
Fig. 4 b is the local enlarged diagram of the drive unit among Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 is the control system functional-block diagram of speed change tool of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is control unit first embodiment's in a speed change tool control system of the present invention functional-block diagram.
Fig. 7 is control unit second embodiment's in a speed change tool control system of the present invention functional-block diagram.
Fig. 8 is control unit the 3rd embodiment's in a speed change tool control system of the present invention functional-block diagram.
Fig. 9 efficiency curve diagram that to be speed change tool of the present invention at high speed operation and low cruise be is with the speed switching time of explanation speed change tool.
Figure 10 is another embodiment's of a speed change tool of the present invention side view, and the center divides casing to be removed to disclose the structure of drive unit, and at this moment, drive unit is in high speed position.
Figure 11 is similar to FIG. 10, and at this moment, drive unit is in high speed position.
Figure 12 is the cross-sectional schematic along A-A line direction among Figure 11.
Figure 13 is the cross-sectional schematic along B-B line direction among Figure 11.
Figure 14 is the cross-sectional schematic of the electromagnet apparatus of speed change tool shown in Fig. 9 and Figure 10.
Figure 15 is another embodiment's of a speed change tool of the present invention side view, has wherein shown signal occurrence device.
Figure 16 is the plan view of Figure 15 speed change tool, the velocity mode switch that wherein also further demonstrates side handle and can select high speed, low speed and automatic three kinds of patterns.
Figure 17 a is the cross-sectional schematic along C-C line direction among Figure 15, has wherein disclosed a kind of form of trigger switch.
Figure 17 b and Figure 17 a are similar, have wherein disclosed the form of another kind of trigger switch.
Figure 18 and Figure 16 are similar, but wherein the velocity mode switch only has at a high speed and two kinds of gears of low speed.
Figure 19 and Figure 18 are similar, but it does not have the velocity mode switch, only have to be used to show at a high speed and the LED lamp of lower-speed state.
Figure 20 is the reduced graph of the internal circuit of speed change tool shown in Figure 16.
Figure 21 is that processor is carried out the workflow diagram that auto-speed switches among Figure 20.
Figure 22 is that processor is carried out the workflow diagram that manual instantaneous velocity switches among Figure 20.
Figure 23 is the reduced graph of another kind of mode of execution of the internal circuit of speed change tool shown in Figure 16.
Figure 24 is that processor is carried out the workflow diagram that auto-speed switches among Figure 23.
Figure 25 is that processor is carried out the workflow diagram that manual instantaneous velocity switches among Figure 23.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 3 b, be drive unit first embodiment's of speed change tool control system of the present invention structural representation.A kind of speed change tool 9 comprises motor 2, motor power supply 1, starts/stop main switch 13, output shaft 6 and the gear drive 4 of motor.Gear drive 4 comprises first planetary gear set be made up of first planet wheel 40 and first planet carrier 41, by second planetary gear set that second planet wheel 42 and second planet carrier 43 are formed, be fixedly set on the tool housing whirl-stop device 44 and can axially movable moving part 45.Drive unit 5 is arranged on the gear drive 4; Comprise actuator 52 and driving component 51; The actuator of present embodiment is to adopt an electromagnet apparatus; Comprise two permanent magnets that keep at a certain distance away 521, be arranged at permanent magnet middle iron core 523 and coil 522, wherein iron core 523 is provided with a groove 524.Driving component is that an arc push rod 512 reaches the steel wire cover 513 that connects with this arc push rod 512.Said push rod 512 has the mating part that is arranged in the groove 524.Said moving part 45 is one to have the speed ring 45 of internal tooth 451 and end tooth 452, and the circular groove 453 that holds steel wire cover 513 is set on it.
When electromagnet is switched on, iron-core coil 523 will produce magnetic and attract with one of them of two permanent magnets 521.When if current of electromagnet is oppositely connected, 523 of iron cores can produce with another permanent magnet 521 and attract, and move together thereby drive push rod 512, steel wire cover 513 and speed ring 45.Top gear state shown in Fig. 3 a, this moment, iron core 523 was attracted by one of them permanent magnet 521, and is corresponding, and the internal tooth 451 of speed ring 45 meshes with first planet carrier 41 and second planet wheel 42 simultaneously, and this moment, the output speed of gear drive 4 was higher; Bottom gear state shown in Fig. 3 b; This moment, iron core 523 was attracted by another permanent magnet 521, and corresponding, the internal tooth 451 of speed ring 45 and second is taken turns 42 engagements; Whirl-stop device 44 engagements on its end tooth 452 and the tool housing simultaneously, this moment, the output speed of gear drive 4 was lower.
Shown in Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b, be drive unit second embodiment's of speed change tool control system of the present invention structural representation.The electromagnet apparatus that adopts among described in front drive unit first embodiment its objective is through control current of electromagnet direction to change polarity, drives speed ring 45 and between high low gear, moves.And in the present embodiment; Use a servomotor 525 instead and be used as actuator; Be used as driving component 51 with a screw rod 515, tapped push rod 512 and steel wire cover 513; Positive and negative transferring through servomotor 525 drives push rod 512 moving on screw rod 515, moves together thereby drive speed ring 45, realizes the engagement of high low gear.
, be the control system functional-block diagram of speed change tool of the present invention please further with reference to Fig. 5.Said control system 8 comprises a processing unit 3 and drive unit 5.Wherein processing unit 3 comprises processor 30 and relevant input/output circuitry.One signal generator 35 is connected with processor, and between speed change tool main circuit power 1 and processor 30, is provided with functional switch 36.Drive unit 5 is controlled by the control signal of processor 30 outputs, so that carry out the automaitc shfit action, simultaneously, drive unit can feed back to processor 30 with gear signal.In the speed change tool operating process; According to operator's the custom or the actual demand of application; The operator can select functional switch 36 closures; Thereby the Automatic Shift Control function of start-up control system 8, in other words, this functional switch 36 provides the switching function between speed change tool 9 manual modes and the automatic mode.When if operation only needs wherein some shift functions, but break function switch 36 then carries out gear-change operation with manual mode to speed change tool.
When speed change tool 9 was in automatic mode, the processor 30 of control system 8 detected the variation of the physical parameter of speed change tool, compares with predefined value, judges whether need begin to carry out automaitc shfit.Those skilled in the art also external discharge circuit of available processors replace processor 30 to compare computing.Physical parameter described here can be an electric parameter, such as motor current, voltage, also can be other parameters, such as the stress of motor or output shaft rotating speed, mechanical parts, moment of torsion etc.In some use occasion, the operator perhaps hopes under automatic mode, still can to decide in its sole discretion the time point of gear shift, also can manually import a control signal through signal generator 35, makes control system realize automaitc shfit immediately.
In the automaitc shfit process, control unit 3 sends control signal and gives drive unit 5, and the actuator 52 in the drive unit 5 drives driving components 51 and moves, and then the moving part in the gear drive 4 45 is moved to low gear from high gear.In this process; If motor 2 is still being given gear drive 4 transmitting torques; Be that moving part 45 still has certain rotating speed; And need mesh (ginseng Fig. 3 b) after moving with static whirl-stop device 44, will cause the problem that takes place between moving part 45 and the whirl-stop device 44 to beat tooth and can't mesh smoothly.The present invention has proposed three kinds of solutions for addressing this problem, and below describes respectively.
With reference to Fig. 6, be control unit first embodiment's functional-block diagram of speed change tool control system of the present invention.Wherein processing unit 3 comprises processor 30, VM 31, load detecting circuit 32, driving device controls circuit 33 and gear signal feeder loop 34.In the main circuit of speed change tool 9, an electric switch 10 (such as field effect transistor, controllable silicon or relay etc.) further is set between power supply and the motor, this electric switch 10 is by VM 31 control on off operating modes.
When speed change tool is started shooting; 10 hysteresis a period of time (like the 0.1s) conductings again of processor 30 control apparatus switches, are at first sent instruction and are given driving device controls circuit 33 in the period at this section; Oppositely switch on for electromagnet, drive unit 5 is reset to the high gear state.Power supply 1 is supplied power to let motor 2 startups and be in top gear and is normally moved then.This moment, output shaft 6 drove working heads (not shown) processing that begins to hole.Load detecting circuit 32 is with the load current of CF collection motor, and 30 motor load value and predetermined current values that load detecting circuit 32 is collected of processor compare.If the situation of predetermined current value appears exceeding for a long time in the motor load electric current, explain that then the working head load is big, instrument need change to bottom gear high pulling torque output state.This moment, VM 31 was given in processor 30 transmission instructions earlier, and control apparatus switch 10 is cut off the electricity supply and made the motor stall, the motor current vanishing.This moment, the speed of speed ring also can be reduced to zero rotating speed.
Afterwards, processor sends instruction and gives driving device controls circuit 33, and the electromagnet of drive unit 5 is oppositely switched on, and iron core 523 drives speed ring 45 and is moved, thereby realizes the conversion of high gear to low gear.Because before gear shift, the rotating speed of speed ring 45 has been zero, is converted in the bottom gear process at its gear, and its end tooth 452 is state of rest with the internal tooth 441 of whirl-stop device 44, therefore can get into the engaging position very smoothly, and avoid beating the generation of tooth problem.
When the gear signal feeder loop 34 in the control unit 3 contacts with another permanent magnet 521 at the iron core that detects electromagnet 523 (those skilled in the art also can be designed to detect the engaging position relation between speed ring and the gear assembly); Then represent speed ring 45 successfully to move to low gear; Processor then sends instruction and gives VM 31; Make electric switch 10 conductings, power supply 1 recovers to give motor 2 power supplies, and motor gets into low-speed big output services state.
Need to prove; Speed change tool is in the high speed normal course of operation; Often,, can solve through the program of setting processor in order to prevent the situation of gear shift action false tripping because of the heavy load value appearance in short-term of motor load electric current appears in some special circumstances; Have only the motor current that collects when load detecting circuit to exceed the predefined value regular hour when (is 0.5s such as design time), just begin to carry out gear shift control.Certainly, also can directly functional switch 36 cut off and directly select manual mode, the false tripping gear shift be moved when avoiding not hoping automaitc shfit.Preset current value then decides according to the top gear maximal work current value of instrument, is predefined value with 30 amperes in the present embodiment.In addition,,, also can import a control signal, thereby begin to carry out the automaitc shfit action immediately through the signal generator on the processor 30 35 even if the motor load electric current does not also exceed predefined value if the operator hopes starting automaitc shfit sometime.Further, processor also can be designed with learning functionality, that is, the motor load electric current when the recording operation person passes through the signal generator input control signal at every turn is as the reference of initialization system predefined value.
Above-mentioned before the automaitc shfit control unit 3 control apparatus switches 10 let just wherein a kind of mode of execution of motor 2 temporary stoppages.Under normal conditions, if when the rotating speed of motor 2 is reduced to very little degree, the problem that tooth can not appear beating in speed ring 45 and the engagement of whirl-stop device 44 equally in the gearshift procedure.With reference to shown in Figure 7, be control unit second embodiment of speed change tool control system of the present invention.In the main circuit of speed change tool 9; Electric switch 10 usefulness field effect transistors 11 between power supply and the motor replace; When needs carried out automaitc shfit, VM 31 provided motor corresponding work voltage through control field effect transistor 11, to reach the purpose that reduces motor rotary speed; Thereby the speed ring 45 and the speed of whirl-stop device 44 are mated each other, prevent to beat the generation of tooth phenomenon.Here the speed of indication is mated each other and is meant that the speed ring 45 and the relative velocity of whirl-stop device 44 reach the scope that can make the two get into the engaging position smoothly.
Equally, as shown in Figure 8, be control unit the 3rd embodiment of speed change tool control system of the present invention.One clutch 12 is set between motor 2 and gear drive 4; This clutch 12 of VM 31 controls reduces the moment of torsion that motor 2 is passed to gear drive 4; Also can realize the purpose of velocity modulation; Promptly speed ring 45 move to whirl-stop device 44 position engaged before, reduce the rotating speed of speed ring 45, with the problem that prevents to occur in the engagement process to beat tooth.
The embodiment of comprehensive above-mentioned several kinds of velocity modulation; Can find out that spirit of the present invention mainly is: control unit 3 is when detecting motor 2 loads and exceed predefined value for a long time; Carry out velocity modulation through 31 pairs of moving parts of VM 45 and gear assembly, when the relative velocity of the two matees each other, get into next gear engagement again; In other words; Control unit is adjusted the moment of torsion that motor passes to gear drive earlier, and accessory drive is realized automaitc shfit again, thereby effectively avoids the tooth problem of beating in the automaitc shfit process.
What deserves to be mentioned is in addition; After the automaitc shfit release; Power supply 1 recovers to give motor 2 power supplies, and motor 2 can cause a very big starting torque to the operator from the utmost point slow-speed of revolution or even the zero instantaneous entering low rotation speed large torque of rotating speed state output state; If the operator grips not tight, even can cause instrument from operator's hand, to get loose and cause danger.Be head it off, can realize the soft start of motor 2 through control field effect transistor 11 (ginseng Fig. 7).Particularly; After automaitc shfit finished, when recovering motor 2 power supplies, control unit 3 is (such as 0.6s) in the time period of a setting; Control field effect transistor through modes such as fixed frequency modulated PWM or Fixed width frequency modulation; Come to increase gradually the load voltage of motor 2, slowly recover motor 2, thereby avoid the impact sensation brought to the operator of starting motor of moment after the gear shift to operating voltage.
The structure that is disclosed more than using; The shifting control method of speed change tool of the present invention is; Provide a kind of speed change tool to comprise the gear drive 4 of power supply 1, motor 2, output shaft 6, connection motor and output shaft; And control system 8, wherein gear drive 4 comprises an at least one gear assembly and a moving part, the said moving part engagement system different with gear assembly can provide output shaft different output gears; Control system 8 is made up of control unit 3 and drive unit 5, and this shifting control method comprises:
1) load torque detects step: said control system detects the speed change tool physical parameter, such as detecting motor 2 load currents, voltage or output shaft rotating speed, judges the working state of speed change tool;
2) automaitc shfit step: the moving part of control gear driving mechanism moves to another gear.
Further comprise a velocity modulation step between said load torque detection and the automaitc shfit step; When the load torque of said output shaft changes to predetermined value; Said control unit adjustment motor passes to the moment of torsion of gear drive; The rotating speed of moving part and gear assembly is mated each other, and promptly speed ring 45 reaches a scope that can make the two get into the engaging position smoothly with the relative velocity of whirl-stop device 44.
In the said velocity modulation step, reduce the moment of torsion that motor passes to gear drive through the input voltage that reduces motor.
After the automaitc shfit step, comprise that further the moving part gear detects step, to confirm that moving part has moved to another gear.
After the velocity modulation step, also comprise a motor soft start step, control system progressively strengthens the input voltage of motor in preset time range, make motor recover moment of torsion output.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 9 to describing the opportunity that the auto-speed of speed change tool of the present invention switches.Shown in Figure 9 is the change curve of the complete machine delivery efficiency η of speed change tool with output shaft load torque T.Wherein the delivery efficiency η of complete machine is the ratio of output power of output power and the motor of output shaft, η
HCurve is the delivery efficiency curve of complete machine when running up, η
LCurve is the delivery efficiency curve of complete machine when low-speed running.By can finding out among the figure, when complete machine when running up, along with the increase of load, delivery efficiency begins rapid increase, reduction rapidly immediately after reaching the highest delivery efficiency point; When complete machine during at low-speed running, along with the increase of load, delivery efficiency begins slow increase, and after reaching the highest delivery efficiency point, promptly slowly reduces.When the load torque value equals Tc, high speed efficiency curve η
HWith low speed efficiency curve η
LIn this intersection, its intersection point is η c.And before this, the delivery efficiency of complete machine when running up will be higher than the delivery efficiency when low-speed running; After this; Then the continuation along with load increases; The delivery efficiency of complete machine when running up will be lower than the delivery efficiency when low-speed running, so, when the load torque value reaches Tc; The motion speed of complete machine is switched to low speed from high speed, can guarantee that speed change can keep higher delivery efficiency always.Speed change tool of the present invention hopes to carry out the switching of arriving low speed at a high speed then through confirming that the load torque value reaches the time point of Tc.
As shown in Figure 9, in this mode of execution, control system can detect the change in current through motor, is used for characterizing the load button square of output shaft.I wherein
HBe the current curve of output shaft when running up.Originally, output shaft is operated in high rotating speed, and when the load torque value reached Tc, at this moment, the current value that detects motor was Ic, in this mode of execution, and Ic=30A (ampere), then, the control system accessory drive is carried out the switching from high speed to low speed.Need to prove that because the characteristic of dissimilar motor has nothing in common with each other, as adopts different motors, then the curve of delivery efficiency also has difference, so corresponding Ic value also might difference.In addition, the current value of employing monitoring motor reflects the load of output shaft in this mode of execution, in other embodiments, and can be through detecting the load that other physical parameters reflect output shaft.Like the rotating speed of the rotating speed of the rotating speed of the moment of torsion of output shaft, output shaft, motor, gear train assembly middle gear or moment of torsion etc., perhaps when adopting DC power supply, the modes such as change in voltage that also can detect battery terminal characterize the load of output shaft.
Figure 10-shown in Figure 14 is the another kind of mode of execution of speed change tool of the present invention, and in this mode of execution, electromagnet apparatus adopts two-way freeze mode electromagnet.So-called two-way freeze mode electromagnet promptly also can remain on iron core two positions in top and terminal of stroke under cold situation.Shown in figure 14; Electromagnet apparatus 53 comprise the lengthwise setting metal shell 531, be arranged on two coils 532 distributing along longitudinal direction in the metal shell, be arranged on two between the coil permanent magnet 533, be arranged on by in the coil region surrounded and can be along the linearly moving iron core 534 of longitudinal direction, and fixedly install and lengthwise extends the outer push rod 535 of metal shell 531 with respect to iron core.Wherein, push rod 535 fore-end that protrudes out metal shell 531 is provided with groove 536.Be that push rod 531 also can be wholely set with iron core 534 for what those of ordinary skills can expect easily.Shown in Figure 14 is that push rod 535 is in going-back position, and can under cold situation, remain on this position owing to the attraction of permanent magnet 533.Cooperation is with reference to Figure 10 and shown in Figure 12, and a gear frame 54 is arranged between steel wire cover 513 and the push rod 535, and it comprises semi-circular bracket 541 of extending around gear-box 47 and the pair of sidewalls 542 of extending and being provided with at interval from the carriage bottom downwards.Wherein the two ends of carriage 541 and steel wire cover 513 the radial projection two ends that go out speed reducer 47 housings are fixedly connected respectively; Contain electromagnet apparatus 53 in the interval region of sidewall 542, side-wall shaft is to extending back and being entrenched in the groove 536 of push rod 535 and keeping relative fixed with push rod.Shown in figure 12, be provided with guide mechanism between gear frame 54 and the casing 21.Wherein pair of sidewalls 542 each side extending of gear frame 54 go out a guide posts 543, convex with pair of rib plate 544 on every side inwall of casing 21, are formed with guide slot 545 therebetween and accommodate and guide each guide posts 543 with corresponding.
Push rod 535 in the electromagnet apparatus 53 shown in Figure 10 is in progressive position, and promptly push rod extends the longer distance of metal shell outward, and owing to the attraction of permanent magnet remains on this position.At this moment; The reduction speed ratio of gear drive is lower; It is higher that motor passes to the output shaft rotating speed after through gear-box, that is to say, ring gear 45 (or is claimed speed ring; Be the moving part in this mode of execution) the external tooth of external tooth and contiguous planet carrier 41 of internal tooth and planet wheel 42 mesh simultaneously and guarantee relative fixed (cooperation) with reference to shown in Fig. 3 a, thereby can rotate with planet carrier and planet wheel.Cooperation is with reference to Figure 14, and behind logical forward current in the coil 532 of electromagnet apparatus 53, the magnetic field that coil 532 produces produces different magnetic poles at the lengthwise two ends of metal shell 531, moves to going-back position thereby drive iron core 534 with push rod 535.Shown in figure 10, push rod 535 drives gear frame 54, steel wire cover 513 and ring gear 45 displacement distance d together, has arrived position shown in figure 11.Cooperation is with reference to shown in Fig. 3 b, and in this process, ring gear 45 moves vertically and breaks away from engagement with planet carrier 41, but still keeps engagement with planet wheel 42.When push rod 53 moved to going-back position, ring gear 45 kept relative fixed with whirl-stop device 44 engagements with casing.At this moment, the reduction speed ratio of gear drive 4 has increased one-level, and is lower thereby motor passes to the rotating speed of output shaft after through gear-box.Behind logical back current in the coil 532, coil forms reverse magnetic field, and so, push rod 535 is got back to going-back position shown in figure 10, thereby gear drive 4 is returned to the output state of high reduction speed ratio.
Shown in Figure 13 is a kind of mode of execution of functional switch 36.In this mode of execution, this functional switch can be referred to as the velocity mode switch.Cooperation is with reference to the velocity mode switch 36 among Figure 16, and this switch comprises the protruding toggle 361 that is exposed at outside the casing 21, and is arranged on the conducting terminal that is connected with other electrical assemblys in the casing.Toggle 361 can be along the circumferential direction three position slippages on casing 21, difference corresponding automatic mode (A), fast mode (H), low-speed mode (L).Conducting terminal comprises first, second, third signal terminal 362 corresponding respectively with these three kinds of patterns, and ground terminal 363.Be connected with the circuit of other electrical assemblys in the control system and workflow will arrive in subsequent detailed description about the velocity mode switch.
Shown in Figure 15 is a kind of mode of execution of signal occurrence device 35.In this mode of execution; This device comprises the speed diverter switch that is arranged in the casing 21; After this switch is pressed triggering; Control system promptly changes the flow direction of the electric current of supplying with electromagnet apparatus and realizes automaitc shfit, i.e. driving through electromagnet realizes the switching of gear drive between high reduction speed ratio and low reduction speed ratio.Shown in figure 16, as preferred embodiment, this device 35 comprises two these speed diverter switches; Be symmetricly set in the both sides of casing 21; Press any one switch and can trigger the switching of speed, like this, can operate easily for the left hand and right hand user.Shown in Figure 17 a and Figure 17 b is the concrete form of switch.Switch among Figure 17 a is a push-button switch 351, and it electrically connects (follow-up with further describing) through the electronic component in lead 3512 and the control system.Casing is provided with flexible retaining piece 353, presses retaining piece, and button 3511 also is pressed, and the contact (not shown) in the switch is connected, thereby the speed switching function is triggered.Adopt spring-piece type switch 352 among Figure 17 b, same, press retaining piece 353, shell fragment 3521 is connected with contact 3523, and at this moment, an electrical signal will be generated and passed to control system, thus control system execution speed changeover program (follow-up will the specific descriptions).Return Figure 16, in this mode of execution, velocity mode switch 36 can be used in combination with signal occurrence device 35.When the toggle of velocity mode switch 36 was positioned at gear A, when promptly being in automatic mode, the conductively-closed of speed switching function that is to say that the speed diverter switch of pressing can't trigger the speed switching function; And when the toggle of velocity mode switch is positioned at gear H or L; When promptly being in high speed or low-speed mode; The function conductively-closed that auto-speed switches, at this moment, the speed diverter switch of pressing just can trigger the speed switching function; Thereby the corresponding low-speed mode that switches to of fast mode meeting, low-speed mode then can correspondingly switch to fast mode.
In this mode of execution; Also be provided with a side handle 22 on the casing 21; The position of the switch button of these side handle 22 distance signal generating means 35 has a specific range h in the axial direction, and this hand that grips sorrowful handle apart from the tolerable user can the while operation button switch.For example, when the user wants switch speed when operating, it can be with the thumb push switch button of the hand that grips sorrowful handle, thereby obtains the speed that it is wanted.Certainly; For what those of ordinary skills can expect easily be; Above-mentioned switch button also can near main handle 23 (shown in Figure 10) be provided with and and form specific range between main handle, thereby the operation that the user also can come execution speed simultaneously to switch with the hand that grips main handle.
What Figure 18 and Figure 19 disclosed is other two kinds of implementations that signal occurrence device 35 is used.Velocity mode switch 36 shown in Figure 180 does not comprise the automatic mode gear, and like this, as long as press the speed diverter switch, the speed switching function will be by instantaneous starting, promptly from present high speed or corresponding low speed or the high gear of switching to of low gear.The mode of execution that Figure 19 disclosed does not comprise the velocity mode switch; In this mode of execution, speed change tool operates under the automatic mode, and casing 21 is provided with the LED lamp of the present motion speed state of representational tool; Be in high speed operation like present instrument; Then " H " LED lamp 371 Chang Liang, otherwise, then " L " LED lamp 372 Chang Liang.In this mode of execution; The operation under automatic mode of instrument start operation back acquiescence, in case signal occurrence device 35 is triggered, then control system 8 is interrupted automatic operating mode; Simultaneously; The reduction speed ratio of control system 8 control electromagnet apparatus 53 change gear driving mechanisms 4 is promptly switched present speed running state, as switching to low speed by high speed.Be triggered like signal occurrence device 35, then present speed running state is switched once more again, as switching at a high speed from low speed again.So, in this mode of execution,, then got into manual speed switch mode by signal occurrence device control in case the automatic mode that speed is switched is interrupted.Certainly be that above-mentioned signal occurrence device and concrete speed switching mode can be applicable to have the above reduction speed ratio of two-stage to be switched, as has the gear train assembly of high, medium and low three speed for what those of ordinary skills can expect easily.
Shown in Figure 20 is the circuit diagram of the simplification in speed change tool one embodiment of the present invention.In this mode of execution, speed change tool provides electric power by external dc power 1, and this external dc power is the cell bag of being made up of some batteries.As preferred embodiment, this cell bag can be the lithium ion battery bag.Need to prove that said lithium ion battery is that negative material is the general name of the rechargeable battery of elemental lithium here, according to the difference of positive electrode, it can constitute many systems, like " lithium manganese " battery, and " lithium iron " battery etc.In this mode of execution, the lithium ion battery bag comprise by by five the joint 3.6V (volt) lithium ion battery be connected into the battery pack that voltage rating is 18V.Certainly; For what those of ordinary skills can expect easily be; More or less battery of can optionally connecting is formed battery pack; As the lithium ion battery of the four joint 3.6V (volt) that connect to become voltage rating be the battery pack of 14.4V, or connect six save 3.6V (volt) lithium ion battery to become voltage rating be the battery pack of 21.6V.In this mode of execution, also be provided with the identification resistance 386 of representing this cell bag voltage in the cell bag 1, be used for, thereby confirming that the corresponding battery bag is crossed puts protected-type by electric tool identification.
Shown in figure 20; Can cooperate simultaneously with reference to shown in Figure 6; In this mode of execution, the speed variator system of speed change tool comprises processor 30, VM 31, motor load testing circuit 32, driving device controls circuit 33, gear signal feeder loop 34, signal occurrence device 35 and functional switch 36.
Shown in figure 20, main switch 13 is connected between cell bag 1 and the main circuit, can be used for controlling the break-make of main circuit.Button 131 (showing like Figure 10) on main handle 23 is when being depressed by the operator; Main circuit is switched on; Through DC electrical source modular converter (DC/DC) 381; The voltage of cell bag 1 is converted into a lower constant voltage, in this mode of execution, is 5V, be used for for processor 30, and electronic circuit electric power is provided.In this mode of execution; The port P20 of processor is connected with DC electrical source modular converter 381; Port P19 ground connection, port P1 is connected through resistance R 5 with DC electrical source modular converter 381, thereby after main switch 13 closures; Electric current after 381 conversions of DC electrical source modular converter is through port P20 input processor, and processor receives a reset signal and carries out initialization action from port P1.Main switch 13 not only can be used for the break-make of control circuit, also further can be used to control the rotating speed of motor.In this mode of execution; Main switch 13 comprises a potentiometer (potentiometer); It is used for measuring the distance that button moved under the effect of operator presses and produce one with the proportional electrical signal of this displacement distance; Like voltage value signal, this electrical signal sends processor 30 to through port P2, and the digital/analog converter of preprocessor becomes digital signal with this electrical signal conversion and handle and generate control signal corresponding.In this mode of execution, this control signal is PWM (PWM, a Pulse WidthModulation) signal, is used to control the voltage that is applied on the motor 2, and its port P12 through processor 30 exports to VM 31.VM 31 is made up of resistance R 19, power switch driver.Wherein the power switch driver is made up of some triodes; It is used to regulate the dutycycle of MOSFET; That is to say; The power switch driver improves or reduces the continuous output time of voltage signal in the single cycle according to the pwm signal that receives, thereby controls the running speed of motor 2 through power switch component 10 (being electric switch).Wherein power switch component 10 can be a semiconductor switch, is mos field effect transistor (MOSFET, metallic oxidesemiconductor field effecttransistor) in this mode of execution.
The port P3 of processor 30 can be connected the operating voltage of gathering cell bag with cell bag 1, so that the discharge scenario of monitoring cell bag, and when brownout, take appropriate measures and remind the electric power of user or sever supply motor.Shown in figure 20, the port P18 of processor 30, P17, P16, P15 are connected with light emitting diode D2, D3, D4, D5 through resistance R 22, R23, R29, R30.These light emitting diodes can be located on the casing, are used for representing the dump energy of cell bag 1, wherein D2, D3, D4 transmitting green light, and D5 launches ruddiness.When electric weight is sufficient, D2, D3, the equal Chang Liang of D4, D5 does not work; When electric weight is medium, D3, D4 Chang Liang, D2, D5 do not work; When electric weight is low, D4 Chang Liang, D3, D2, D5 all do not work; And when electric weight was not enough, D2, D3, D4 did not all work, and D5 Chang Liang; When the electric weight wretched insufficiency, D2, D3, D4 all do not work, and D5 flicker, at this moment, cause danger for avoiding cell bag to cross putting, and the port P12 of processor is blocked and can't electric power be provided to motor.In this mode of execution, for the cell bag of voltage rating Vb=18V, when 12.5V＜Vb≤14.5V, expression cell bag electric weight is not enough, thereby D2, D3, D4 all do not work, and D5 Chang Liang; When Vb≤12.5V, expression cell bag electric weight wretched insufficiency, thus D2, D3, D4 all do not work, and the D5 flicker, simultaneously, the port P12 of processor 30 is blocked.
Be the running state of monitoring motor 2, processor can detect the operating current through motor in real time.Shown in figure 20, one detects resistance 383 connects with switch 10 and motor 2, and an amplifier 382 is used for being input to processor 30 with the pressure drop signal amplification that detects generation on the resistance 383 and through port P4, so that the electric current that processor 30 detects through motor 2.In addition, also comprise over-current protection circuit 37 in the circuit, it comprises a comparator 384, and it passes through the pressure drop signal that resistance R 18 is gathered on the R6, and makes comparisons with the reference voltage signal Vref that imports.When the magnitude of voltage that collects during greater than reference voltage Vref, comparator 384 converts the high level state of initialization into low level state, and low level signal is exported to the port P21 of processor 30 through resistance R 24.In addition, for avoiding motor 2 operating temperatures too high, the characteristic of the resistance of thermistor 385 capable of using linear change with temperature variation detects the temperature of motor.Thermistor 385 is composed in series bleeder circuit with resistance R 10; The port P5 of processor 30 through lead be connected 385 and resistance R 10 between; Detect the change in voltage on the thermistor 385; Thereby be convenient to processor 30 real-time monitoring motor 2 variation of temperature, and surpass predetermined value, break off the electric power of supply motor at motor temperature.
Control system also comprises the recognition circuit that is used to discern cell bag 1 voltage.In this mode of execution, this recognition circuit is to be connected the back with speed change tool by identification resistance 386 in cell bag 1, and the bleeder circuit of resistance R 13 and R21 composition.Processor port P7 is connected between resistance R 13 and the identification resistance 386 through resistance R 21, is used for pressure drop on the sensing identification resistance 386, thereby confirms the voltage of cell bag 1, and carries out the program that corresponding mistake is put protection.
In this mode of execution; Driving device controls circuit 33 is a H bridge circuit; Processor 30 is connected respectively to four inlet opening A, B, C, the D of H bridge circuit through port P11, P9, P10, P6; These four inlet openings are connected with power switch component Q4, Q1, Q2, Q3 through resistance R 4, R1, R2, R3 respectively; Electromagnet apparatus 5 is connected between the tie point L of tie point H and power switch component Q3 and Q4 of power switch component Q1 and Q2, and a termination cell bag power supply of H bridge circuit, the other end ground connection.In this mode of execution, above-mentioned power switch is a semiconductor switch, and is preferably MOSFET.Processor is controlled electromagnet apparatus 53 through break-make four inlet opening A, B, C, D.For example; When inlet opening A, B connect; And inlet opening C, D be when breaking off, and power switch component Q1 and Q4 connect, and the flow direction of electric current is from tie point H to tie point L at this moment; Correspondingly, the push rod 535 of electromagnet apparatus 53 drives ring gear 45 and moves to low-speed position shown in Figure 11 from high speed position shown in figure 10.Otherwise, when inlet opening A, B break off, and inlet opening C, when D connects, the push rod 535 of electromagnet apparatus 53 drives ring gear 45 and moves to high speed position from low-speed position.
Gear signal feeder loop 34 comprises a switch 387, and resistance R 25, R26, R27, R28.In this mode of execution, switch 387 is a hilted broadsword on off switch, and it comprises contact H1 and contact L1, and wherein, the port one 3 of contact L1 and processor is connected, and the port one 4 of contact H1 and processor is connected.For what those of ordinary skill in the art can expect easily be; During practical implementation; Contact H1 and contact L1 can be arranged on the reed at the gear frame stroke two ends on the casing, then are provided with tinsel on the gear frame, like copper sheet; When gear frame moved to high speed position, its tinsel contacted and make contact H1 with corresponding reed; Otherwise, make contact L1 then.Shown in figure 20, when gear frame moved to low-speed position, contact H1 was disconnected and contact L1 is switched on; At this moment; Port one 3 can detect a low level signal, and port one 4 can detect a high level signal, thereby the present gear drive of processor 30 judgements is worked under high reduction speed ratio; Otherwise after gear frame turned back to high speed position, port one 4 can detect a low level signal, and port one 3 can detect a high level signal.For what those of ordinary skills can expect easily be, but tinsel and reed relative set or are arranged on the push rod and housing of electromagnet apparatus on ring gear and gear-box.
In this mode of execution, functional switch 36 adopts is the velocity mode switch of changeable three kinds of velocity modes shown in figure 16, promptly between fast mode, low-speed mode and automatic mode, switches.Shown in figure 20, velocity mode switch 36 is hilted broadsword three-position switches, and it has three contact L2, H2, A, is connected to port P26, P25, the P24 of processor respectively through resistance R 14, R15, R16.When velocity mode switch 36 is positioned at the position shown in figure; Be that contact A is connected, and contact H2 and contact L2 break off, at this moment; It is low level signal that processor 30 detects port P24; And port P25, P26 are high level signal, and so, processor will call and move the program (follow-up will being described in detail this) of automaitc shfit.And break off when contact A, when contact H2 or contact L2 connected, processor 30 can not call and move the program of automaitc shfit.
Two switch S 2 of signal occurrence device 35, S3 parallel connection, and be connected with the port P23 of processor 30 through resistance R 17.When any is depressed among switch S 2, the S3, will produce an electrical signal and pass through port P23 input processor 30, so, processor 30 will interrupt the program of moving at present and call speed changeover program (following will the detailed description in detail).
Next, cooperate Figure 21 and Figure 22 with the execution self-shifting workflow that processor is described respectively and the workflow of speed switching.
With reference to Figure 21, cooperate simultaneously with reference to shown in Figure 20, after main switch 13 closures (step 711), processor port P1 receives reset signal, thus processor is carried out initialization action (step 712).Then; Processor is gathered the voltage signal (step 713) of cell bag through port 3, but to judge whether cell bag is in the state of normal use, judges that promptly whether cell bag voltage is less than 12.5V; If; Show that cell bag through putting, is inappropriate for and discharges, thereby can block port P12 output pwm signal; If not, show that cell bag can normally use, next, detection speed mode switch 36 present selected patterns (step 714).If what velocity mode switch 36 was selected is automatic mode, judge further then whether electromagnet apparatus 53 is in high speed position (step 715), if then continue next step; If not, then processor is connected inlet opening C, D, and breaks off inlet opening A, B, moves to high speed position (step 718) thereby drive push rod to electromagnet apparatus 53 logical back currents.If what velocity mode switch 36 was selected is fast mode, judge further then whether electromagnet apparatus is in high speed position (step 716), if then continue next step; If not, DM device and impel push rod to move to high speed position (step 719) then.If what velocity mode switch 36 was selected is low-speed mode, judge further then whether electromagnet apparatus is in low-speed position (step 717), if then continue next step; If not, then processor breaks off inlet opening C, D, and connects inlet opening A, B, moves to low-speed position (step 720) thereby drive push rod to the logical forward current of electromagnet apparatus.
Next, show the dump energy (step 721) of cell bag through LED lamp D2-D5, and when the electric weight wretched insufficiency electric power of sever supply motor; Detect in real time the voltage (step 722) of cell bag, and cross the electric power of sever supply motor when putting in cell bag; Detect according to pressing depth (step 723) of trigger; According to pressing depth export corresponding pwm signal (step 724) according to trigger; Detect motor current (step 725).
Judge velocity mode (step 726); If control system operates in fast mode or low-speed mode at present, judge then whether motor current continues 500ms (millisecond) greater than 90A (ampere) (step 727,729), if; Show that motor abnormal case such as stall might take place and causes electric current excessive; Therefore, be the protection motor, break off the electric current (step 728,730) of supply motor; If not, then return step 721.If control operates in automatic mode, judge then whether motor current continues 300ms (millisecond) greater than 90A (ampere) (step 731), if show that stall might take place motor, then carries out the step of automaitc shfit; If not, continue then to judge whether motor current continues 500ms (millisecond) greater than 30A (ampere) (step 732), if, show that the efficient that instrument is exported at a high speed is about to be lower than the efficient that low speed is exported, like this then carry out the step of automaitc shfit; If not, then return step 721.
In this mode of execution, the automaitc shfit step comprises step 733-step 736.At first,, temporarily stop electric power (step 733) being provided to motor for avoiding beating tooth, i.e. processor temporary interruption port P12 output signal, thus the speed drop of motor and ring gear is got off.Then; Processor control H bridge circuit is to the logical forward current of electromagnet apparatus; Be that processor is connected inlet opening A, B, and break off inlet opening C, D, move to low-speed position (step 734) from high speed position thereby make electromagnet apparatus drive push rod; And when moving to low-speed position, trigger switch S5 and contact L1 is connected.Then, soft start motor (step 735), promptly processor progressively increases the pulsewidth of voltage signal through the pwm signal of port P12 output, thereby impels motor to be returned to normal running speed at leisure.Again, the low level signal that processor receives according to port one 3 is set low speed mark (step 736), next, returns step 721.Need to prove, need a period of time owing to ring gear moves to low-speed position from high speed position under the driving of push rod, so, in other embodiments, also can be by processor elder generation DM device, the step of suspending at motor then.In this process, only need guarantee that motor driven power does not exist before ring gear and whirl-stop device engagement; So, even the speed of ring gear does not also drop to zero, but because it does not have the driving force of active rotation; So, can very fast staticly with the whirl-stop device engagement get off.
With reference to Figure 22, and cooperate with reference to shown in Figure 20, when the port 23 of processor received an interrupt signal, processor can stop the program of moving at present and call speed changeover program (step 751).Processor at first detects motor currents whether excessive (step 752) through port 21, as greater than 100A (ampere), if, show motor stall, then stop to motor supplying electric current (step 753); If then which kind of pattern (step 754) the detection speed mode switch is at present not.If automatic mode then interrupts returning, promptly processor continues to carry out original program (step 767); If fast mode or low-speed mode need judge then whether motor is in zero load.Since when load is arranged during with respect to zero load motor speed to reduce ground faster, so when having compared load, after motor power cuts off when unloaded, need the longer time that motor is stopped.If fast mode judges that whether motor current continues 500ms (millisecond) greater than 30A (ampere) (step 755), if showing has load, stops the electric power of supply motor subsequently and postpones 0.5S (step 756); If not, then stop the electric power of supply motor and postpone 2S (step 757).If low-speed mode judges that whether motor current continues 500ms (millisecond) greater than 30A (ampere) (step 761), if showing has load, stops the electric power of supply motor subsequently and postpones 0.5S (step 762); If not, then stop the electric power of supply motor and postpone 2S (step 763).Carrying out the shutdown delay; Next processor DM device is carried out from a high speed to low speed or switching from low speed to high speed (step 758,764); Starting motor (step 759,765) subsequently; And respective settings low speed mark or high speed mark (step 760,766), then return original program (step 767).
With reference to Figure 23, be the circuit diagram of the simplification in another embodiment of speed change tool of the present invention.This mode of execution is different with Figure 20 is that the control system of speed change tool further comprises the electronic switch 90 (such as field effect transistor, controllable silicon or relay etc.) parallelly connected with motor 2, and this electronic switch 90 is by electric brake control circuit 91 control on off operating modes.The electric brake control circuit is made up of resistance R 31, power switch driver 911.The power switch driver is used to control the disconnection and the closure of electronic switch 90, thus the whether short circuit of control motor 2.And can form the loop during motor short circuit, because the principle of electromagnetic induction has the electric current process in the loop, electric current flows through bring reverse power can for the running of motor, stops motor running, realizes the function of brake.Wherein electronic switch 90 can be a semiconductor switch, is mos field effect transistor (MOSFET, metallic oxide semiconductor fieldeffecttransistor) in this mode of execution.
When speed change tool operates in self shifter pattern or manual triggers and need change the reduction speed ratio of gear drive; Control system is connected electronic switch 90 after cutting off motor 2 electric currents; And accessory drive drives moving part and moves to low-speed position from high speed position; Perhaps move to high speed position from low-speed position, next control system is broken off electronic switch 90 after connecting motor 2 electric currents once more.In the preferred implementation of speed change tool of the present invention, whether motor 2 switches on is to lean on the break-make of electric switch 10 to realize, electronic switch 90 is connected when electric switch 10 breaks off so, and electronic switch 90 breaks off when electric switch 10 is connected.Certainly, control system also can be cut off through electronic control unit and connect electronic switch 90 behind motor 2 electric currents, and accessory drive drives moving part and move to low-speed position from high speed position, perhaps moves to high speed position from low-speed position.
Also cooperate with reference to Figure 21 with reference to Figure 24, in self-shifting mode of execution, the automaitc shfit step further comprises electric brake step (step 790).At first,, temporarily stop electric power (step 733) being provided to motor for avoiding beating tooth, i.e. processor temporary interruption port P12 output signal, thus the speed drop of motor and ring gear is got off.Next, processor is from the P30 port output signal, thus brake control circuit 91 control electronic switches 90 closures, motor short circuit a period of time T.Then; Processor control H bridge circuit is to the logical forward current of electromagnet apparatus; Be that processor is connected inlet opening A, B, and break off inlet opening C, D, move to low-speed position (step 734) from high speed position thereby make electromagnet apparatus drive push rod; And when moving to low-speed position, trigger switch S5 and make contact L1 energising.Self shifter step then is identical with Figure 21.In above self shifter process, motor current is cut to motor and is started once more and only need to postpone 200mS, and promptly time of suspending of motor is 200mS, so the time T of motor short circuit should be less than 200mS.Certainly, the method for the control speed change tool in this mode of execution before control system is cut off the step of motor current with Figure 21 in workflow identical, promptly control system detects the speed change tool physical parameter, judges the working state of speed change tool; When the load torque of output shaft changed to predetermined value, control system was cut off motor current.
With reference to Figure 25 and cooperate with reference to shown in Figure 22, in the mode of execution of manual triggers, when which kind of pattern (step 754) the detection speed mode switch be at present, no matter be fast mode or low-speed mode, need not all to judge whether motor is in zero load.Because in the motor short circuit, motor can stop at once, to compare motor power cut-out back and motor is stopped through inertia, electric brake only requires a very short time motor is stopped.Promptly if fast mode stops the electric power of supply motor and controls motor short circuit (step 791 and step 792); If low-speed mode stops the electric power of supply motor and controls motor short circuit a period of time T (step 793 and step 794).When carrying out shutdown, only need postpone 200mS, the time T of motor short circuit is less than 200mS so.Next processor DM device is carried out from a high speed to low speed or switching from low speed to high speed (step 758,764); Starting motor (step 759,765) subsequently; And respective settings low speed mark or high speed mark (step 760,766), then return original program (step 767).Certainly, the method for the control speed change tool in this mode of execution needs artificial this trigger switch that triggers before the step that stops supply motor electric power, and an electrical signal generates and pass to control system, and control system responds this electrical signal and cuts off motor current.
From Figure 23 to Figure 25, can find out; The essence of this mode of execution is no matter be self shifter or manual triggers gearshift;, motor carries out electric brake after suspending; Can reduce the time that motor suspends like this, promptly increase electric brake after motor only need suspend 200mS, thereby improve the working efficiency of speed change tool.
Gear drive among the present invention and moving part thereof are not limited to the structure that present embodiment discloses; Gear engagement relation when particularly being not limited to present embodiment high speed retaining and bottom gear; Gear drive in the prior art is various; Announce No. 6796921 like U. S. Patent and disclosed multiple gear drive; Meshing relation when its top gear and bottom gear has nothing in common with each other, but those of ordinary skills are easy to inventive concept according to the present invention various gear drives is applied to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a speed change tool comprises: casing;
Motor is arranged in the casing, and outputting rotary power;
Output shaft;
Gear drive; Be arranged between motor and the output shaft and be delivered on the output shaft with rotation output with motor; It comprises an at least one group of train of gearings and a moving part, and said moving part can move between the primary importance and the second place, and when the primary importance and the second place; Said moving part cooperates with said train of gearings in a different manner, thereby gear drive is with the rotating speed of different reduction speed ratio output motors;
Control system comprises the drive unit that cooperates with moving part, and said drive unit is used to drive said moving part and between the primary importance and the second place, moves;
It is characterized in that: said control system also comprises the electronic switch parallelly connected with said motor; When needs change the reduction speed ratio of said gear drive; Said control system is connected said electronic switch after cutting off motor current, and accessory drive drives said moving part and between the primary importance and the second place, moves.
2. speed change tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when primary importance, gear drive is with the rotating speed of low reduction speed ratio output motor; When the second place, gear drive is with the rotating speed of high reduction speed ratio output motor.
3. speed change tool according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said control system also comprises electronic control unit; Said electronic control unit is used to detect the parameter that characterizes the output shaft load; After said parameter reached predetermined value, said electronic control unit was connected said electronic switch after cutting off motor current, and accessory drive drives said moving part and moves to the second place from primary importance.
4. speed change tool according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said control system also comprises electronic control unit and trigger switch; When trigger switch is artificially triggered; One electrical signal generates and also to pass to electronic control unit, electronic control unit this electrical signal of response and connect said electronic switch after cutting off motor current, and accessory drive drives said moving part and moves to the second place or move to primary importance from the second place from primary importance.
5. according to one of them described speed change tool of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: said electronic control unit breaks off said electronic switch after connecting motor current once more.
6. according to one of them described speed change tool of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: the time that said electronic switch is connected is less than 200mS.
7. the shifting control method of a speed change tool as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described shifting control method may further comprise the steps:
1) said control system is cut off motor current;
2) said control system is connected said electronic switch;
3) said control system accessory drive drives said moving part and moves to the second place from primary importance.
8. shifting control method according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
1) said control system detects the speed change tool physical parameter, judges the working state of speed change tool;
2) when the load torque of said output shaft changes to predetermined value, carry out the step that said control system is cut off motor current.
9. shifting control method according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
1) artificially trigger said trigger switch, an electrical signal generates and passes to control system, and control system responds this electrical signal and carries out the step that said control system is cut off motor current.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010612358.1A CN102562958B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Speed shifting tool and speed shifting control method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010612358.1A CN102562958B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Speed shifting tool and speed shifting control method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102562958A true CN102562958A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| CN102562958B CN102562958B (en) | 2014-07-02 |
Family
ID=46409216
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010612358.1A Active CN102562958B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Speed shifting tool and speed shifting control method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102562958B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104345642A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-11 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Electric tool and control method thereof |
| CN111745595A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-09 | 株式会社牧田 | Dust collecting system |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201093036Y (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2008-07-30 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Speed changing tool |
| US20080271904A1 (en) * | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-06 | Mobiletron Electronics Co., Ltd. | Power hand tool |
| CN101377229A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-04 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Speed changing tool and speed changing control method thereof |
| US20090160371A1 (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-06-25 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Electric power tool |
| EP2108484A1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-14 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Electric power tool |
| US20090277658A1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2009-11-12 | Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. | Variable speed tool and variable speed control method |
-
2010
- 2010-12-29 CN CN201010612358.1A patent/CN102562958B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090277658A1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2009-11-12 | Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. | Variable speed tool and variable speed control method |
| US20080271904A1 (en) * | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-06 | Mobiletron Electronics Co., Ltd. | Power hand tool |
| CN101377229A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-04 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Speed changing tool and speed changing control method thereof |
| CN201093036Y (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2008-07-30 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Speed changing tool |
| US20090160371A1 (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-06-25 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Electric power tool |
| EP2108484A1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-14 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Electric power tool |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104345642A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-11 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Electric tool and control method thereof |
| CN104345642B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2017-02-08 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Electric tool and control method thereof |
| CN111745595A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-09 | 株式会社牧田 | Dust collecting system |
| CN111745595B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2023-09-12 | 株式会社牧田 | Dust collecting system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102562958B (en) | 2014-07-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN201405095Y (en) | Electric tool | |
| CN101637906A (en) | Speed changer | |
| CN102528123B (en) | Speed changing tool | |
| CN101637902B (en) | Speed changer | |
| CN201300408Y (en) | Speed change tool | |
| CN201093036Y (en) | Speed changing tool | |
| CN102935637B (en) | Speed change tool | |
| EP2030710B1 (en) | Power tool and control system for a power tool | |
| CN101761615B (en) | Speed change tool | |
| CN101786178B (en) | Electric tool | |
| CN101786268A (en) | Electric tool | |
| US11247323B2 (en) | Electric working machine and method of controlling rotational state of motor of electric working machine | |
| EP2027974A3 (en) | Electric power tool, control unit and program | |
| CN101637901B (en) | Speed changer | |
| CN201300407Y (en) | Speed change tool | |
| CN201353657Y (en) | Electric tool | |
| CN201300410Y (en) | Speed change tool | |
| CN101637904B (en) | Speed changer | |
| CN102562958B (en) | Speed shifting tool and speed shifting control method thereof | |
| CN201300409Y (en) | Speed change tool | |
| CN101637903B (en) | Speed changer | |
| CN201335130Y (en) | Speed-changing tool | |
| CN101637905A (en) | Speed changer | |
| CN201309145Y (en) | Gear-shift tool | |
| CN201191366Y (en) | Loading machine integrated controller |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |