CN102547520B - Electret Condencer Microphone and control system thereof and control method - Google Patents
Electret Condencer Microphone and control system thereof and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102547520B CN102547520B CN201010602543.2A CN201010602543A CN102547520B CN 102547520 B CN102547520 B CN 102547520B CN 201010602543 A CN201010602543 A CN 201010602543A CN 102547520 B CN102547520 B CN 102547520B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Electret Condencer Microphone and control system thereof and control method.This microphone comprises: the electric capacity of the reception voice signal be made up of two-plate, the output device of output audio signal, and this control system comprises: the pad-face spacing of Detection capacitance two-plate, is sent to the pitch measuring of control device; Pad-face spacing is compared with gauged distance, obtains range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with range difference, and control signal is sent to the control device of electric supply installation; The signal of telecommunication is sent to the arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity according to control signal, change the voltage between electric capacity two-plate, the pole plate of the reception signal of telecommunication is moved along the direction perpendicular to another pole plate pad-face, thus makes the pad-face spacing of electric capacity two-plate become the electric supply installation of gauged distance; Wherein, gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of electric capacity two-plate.Utilize technical scheme of the present invention, electric capacity wherein can be made to be operated in supercriticality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microphone field, particularly relate to a kind of Electret Condencer Microphone and control system thereof and control method.
Background technology
In Electret Condencer Microphone, by the voice signal using the electric capacity with voice signal change to detect input.Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electric capacity.As shown in Figure 1, electric capacity is made up of two pieces of pole plates, and these two pieces of pole plates respectively have unique pad-face, and the pad-face of these two pieces of pole plates is relative.In use, keep certain spacing 101 staggered relatively between two pad-faces, like this, this electric capacity just can store and discharge electric charge.
Fig. 2 is the mechanical structure schematic diagram of electric capacity.As shown in Figure 2, two pieces of pole plates of electric capacity are being biased a certain amount of positive charge or negative electrical charge respectively, namely after there is a bias voltage between pole plate, due to the effect of the electrostatic force that electric field between pole plate produces, two pieces of pole plates have the trend of adhesive, simultaneously, composition material due to pole plate has certain elasticity, pole plate is made to have again the elastic restoring force of resisting this adhesive when producing displacement, displacement is larger, elastic restoring force is also larger, this resistance effect can be equivalent to a spring, as shown in Figure 2, the legend of the equivalent factor producing this elastic force is represented with spring 201.
Under general condition, the elastic restoring force between pole plate is proportional to the displacement size of pole plate.But the size of the electrostatic force attraction between pole plate be then inversely proportional to pole plate distance square.Therefore, when between pole plate, there is voltage thus the adhesive effect of generation electrostatic force, the displacement that pole plate has an adhesive trend produces the elastic restoring force offsetting electrostatic force.When pole plate displacement reaches critical displacement, if pole plate displacement continues to increase, the speed that then electrostatic force increases is greater than the speed that elastic restoring force increases, now then elastic force by irresistible this adhesive effect, now, two pieces of pole plates are by adhesive complete under the effect of electrostatic force, and the distance 101 between pole plate becomes 0.
Here, the electrostatic force when displacement of pole plate being reached critical condition is called as critical electrostatic power.In the present invention, the stable state electrostatic force between electric capacity two-plate being equaled critical electrostatic power is called the critical condition of electric capacity, and the distance between the pad-face of the electric capacity two-plate of critical condition is called critical distance; Electrostatic force is called the subcritical state of this electric capacity lower than the stable state of critical electrostatic power, electrostatic force is called the supercriticality of this electric capacity higher than the stable state of critical electrostatic power.
When there is certain voltage between the two-plate of electric capacity, due to the acting in conjunction of electrostatic force and pole plate elastic restoring force, there is certain relation in the distance between this voltage and two-plate.Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of voltage between capacitor plate and polar plate spacing.As shown in Figure 3, abscissa is the voltage V between pole plate, polar plate spacing d when ordinate is stable and initial separation d when not having voltage between pole plate
0ratio, in Fig. 3, when polar plate spacing d is initial separation d just
02/3rds time, electric capacity is operated in critical condition 301, and the voltage now between pole plate reaches maximum V
0, will be initial separation d just
02/3rds polar plate spacing be called critical gap; When polar plate spacing d is greater than initial separation d
02/3rds time, electric capacity is operated in subcritical state, and between polar plate spacing and pole plate, the relation of voltage is as indicated by the solid line in the figure, and now elastic force is enough to resist the effect of electrostatic force, ensures two-plate not adhesive; When polar plate spacing d is less than initial separation d
02/3rds time, electric capacity is operated in supercriticality, and between polar plate spacing and pole plate, the relation of voltage as shown in broken lines, and now elastic force is not enough to the effect of resisting electrostatic force, need additional strength to act on pole plate, make the two not adhesive and can static balancing be reached.As seen from Figure 3, under subcritical state and supercriticality, the voltage between electric capacity two-plate is all less than maximum V
0, and be less than V for each
0voltage, respectively have an orthostatic spacing d corresponding thereto in supercriticality and subcritical state.
Electret Condencer Microphone utilizes electric capacity to receive voice signal, pole plate is made to produce vibration, then this vibration is converted to audio signal by the storage of electric charge and release to export, the amplitude of the voice signal that the amplitude of this audio signal and phase place receive to electric capacity respectively and phase place are directly proportional, and ensure the corresponding relation between the output signal of microphone and input signal like this.Meanwhile, microphone needs higher sensitivity, and namely for given input audio signal, the output signal of microphone is stronger.And the power of Electret Condencer Microphone output signal is relevant with the change in electrical charge amount of microphone electric capacity, for meeting sensitivity requirement, the microphone that prior art provides has two kinds of modes to adopt, and first kind of way is increase the voltage between electric capacity two-plate; The second way for reducing pole plate normal pitch, or increases the oscillating region of pole plate, and to obtain larger Relative Vibration, namely pole plate is with the ratio of voice signal displacement vibration scope and pole plate normal pitch, thus makes the intensity of variation of capacitance size more violent.Above-mentioned two kinds of modes microphone capacitor plate all can be made to store in this process or the quantity of electric charge that discharges larger, thus improve the sensitivity of microphone.But, above-mentioned two kinds of modes are all the restrictions being subject to electric capacity operating state, prior art is collided to prevent the two-plate adhesive of electric capacity, when manufacturing and designing microphone, require that the working point of its electric capacity is positioned at subcritical state, namely no matter whether microphone has voice signal to input, the electric capacity be made up of two pieces of pole plates in microphone all must be in subcritical state, voltage between its pole plate must be far smaller than maximum voltage during critical condition, and polar plate spacing must be greater than initial separation d when pole plate not having electric charge
02/3rds, which has limited the sensitivity of microphone, also limit the highest signal to noise ratio that capacitance microphone can reach.
Summary of the invention
Between technology to be solved by this invention, topic is to provide a kind of Electret Condencer Microphone and control system thereof and control method, and electric capacity wherein can be made to be operated in supercriticality.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the technical scheme of inscribing between above-mentioned technology: a kind of control system of Electret Condencer Microphone, described Electret Condencer Microphone comprises: the electric capacity for receiving voice signal be made up of two pole plates, the output device of output audio signal, this control system comprises: pitch measuring, control device and electric supply installation; Wherein,
Described pitch measuring is used for, the distance between the pad-face detecting two pole plates of described electric capacity, and sends it to described control device;
Described control device is used for, and the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates and gauged distance is compared, obtains range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with described range difference, and described control signal is sent to described electric supply installation;
Described electric supply installation is used for, according to described control signal, arbitrary pole plate to described electric capacity sends the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change described electric capacity two pole plates between voltage, the pole plate of this signal of telecommunication of reception is moved along the direction perpendicular to the pad-face of another pole plate, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates become gauged distance, wherein, described gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of described electric capacity.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in the present invention, due to the distance between the pad-face that pitch measuring can detect electric capacity two-plate, for control device, this distance is compared with gauged distance, obtain range difference, and generate the control signal corresponding with this range difference, electric supply installation obtains according to this control signal arbitrary pole plate that the signal of telecommunication exports electric capacity to, thus enable this pole plate according to the requirement of the signal of telecommunication, move in the direction vertical with the pad-face of another pole plate, the distance between the pad-face of two-plate is finally made to become gauged distance, and, this gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two-plate, namely this gauged distance is less than polar plate spacing when electric capacity is operated in critical condition, therefore, the present invention can make the electric capacity in microphone be operated in supercriticality, thus higher sensitivity of microphone can be obtained, larger microphone capacitance, higher microphone signal to noise ratio.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement:
Further, described electric supply installation is according to described control signal, and the signal of telecommunication that the arbitrary pole plate to described electric capacity sends is current signal or voltage signal.
Further, described pitch measuring comprises probe, Flied emission current detection circuit, wherein,
Described probe is positioned on the pad-face of arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity; Distance between the peak of described probe and the pad-face of probe place pole plate is less than the gauged distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of described electric capacity;
Described Flied emission current detection circuit is used for, the Flied emission electric current between the relative pole plate of detector probe place pole plate and described probe; According to described Flied emission electric current, the distance between the pad-face obtaining two pole plates of described electric capacity.
Further, described pitch measuring comprises two check-out consoles, capacitive detection circuits, wherein,
Described two check-out consoles are positioned on the pad-face of same pole plate of described electric capacity, and the plate face of described two check-out consoles is positioned at same plane and all parallel with the pad-face of self place pole plate; The gross area in the plate face of described two check-out consoles is less than the area of the pad-face of self place pole plate;
Described capacitive detection circuit is used for, and detects the electric capacity between described two check-out consoles; According to the capacitance between described two check-out consoles, the distance between the pad-face obtaining two pole plates of described electric capacity.
Further, the whole or part in described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device, electric supply installation, output device is positioned on same integrated circuit; Or described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device, electric supply installation, output device are different circuit.
Further, arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity is made up of semi-conducting material.
Further, the bandwidth of the loop of described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device and electric supply installation formation is less than the bandwidth of described voice signal; Described voice signal makes the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates change; Wherein,
Arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity sends to described output device and exports the signal of telecommunication, and amplitude and the described voice signal of the described output signal of telecommunication make the variable quantity of the spacing of the pad-face of described two pole plates be directly proportional;
Described output device is used for, output audio signal, and the amplitude of described audio signal and phase place are directly proportional to the amplitude of the described output signal of telecommunication and phase place respectively.
Further, the bandwidth of the loop of described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device and electric supply installation formation is more than or equal to the bandwidth of voice signal; Described voice signal makes the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates change; Wherein,
The amplitude of the signal of telecommunication that the amplitude of the audio signal that described output device exports and phase place send to arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity to described electric supply installation respectively and phase place are directly proportional.
Further, described output device is further used for, and carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtain digital audio and video signals to described audio signal; Export described digital audio and video signals.
In addition, the invention allows for a kind of Electret Condencer Microphone, this microphone comprises: electric capacity, output device and control system, wherein,
Described electric capacity is made up of, for receiving voice signal two pole plates;
Described output device is used for output audio signal;
Described control system is any one control system above-mentioned.
In addition, the invention allows for a kind of control method of Electret Condencer Microphone, the method comprises:
Electric capacity receives voice signal, and this voice signal makes the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates change; Output device output audio signal, the amplitude of described audio signal and phase place are directly proportional to the amplitude of described voice signal and phase place respectively;
Distance between the pad-face detecting two pole plates of described electric capacity, and itself and gauged distance are compared, obtain range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with described range difference;
According to described control signal, arbitrary pole plate to described electric capacity sends the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change described electric capacity two pole plates between voltage, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates become gauged distance, wherein, described gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of described electric capacity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electric capacity;
Fig. 2 is the mechanical structure schematic diagram of electric capacity;
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of voltage between capacitor plate and polar plate spacing;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the control system of the Electret Condencer Microphone that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of pitch measuring first embodiment that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of pitch measuring second embodiment that the present invention proposes;
The structure chart of control system first embodiment that Fig. 7 is Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention;
The structure chart of control system second embodiment that Fig. 8 is Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention;
Fig. 9 is the control method flow chart of Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the control system of the Electret Condencer Microphone that the present invention proposes.As shown in Figure 4, this Electret Condencer Microphone comprises: the electric capacity for receiving voice signal be made up of two pole plates, these two pole plates are as shown in the label 401 and 402 in Fig. 4, and the unillustrated output device for output audio signal in Fig. 4, in addition, this control system comprises: pitch measuring 403, control device 404, electric supply installation 405, here, pitch measuring 403, control device 404, electric supply installation 405 and electric capacity can form a loop, stable distance between this loop can be used for the pad-face of two of electric capacity pole plates is at gauged distance, wherein, the function of each several part is as described below:
Pitch measuring 403 for, the distance between the pad-face of two pole plates 401,402 of Detection capacitance, and sends it to described control device 404;
Control device 404 for, the distance between the pad-face of two of electric capacity pole plates 401,402 and gauged distance are compared, obtain range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with range difference, and this control signal is sent to electric supply installation 405;
Electric supply installation 405 for, according to control signal, to arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity, namely 401 or 402, send the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change electric capacity two pole plates 401,402 between voltage, the pole plate of this signal of telecommunication of reception is moved along the direction perpendicular to the pad-face of another pole plate, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two of electric capacity pole plates 401,402 become gauged distance, wherein, gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two pole plates 401,402 of electric capacity.
Here; the electric capacity be made up of two pole plates 401 and 402 is the electric capacity that Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention uses; the pad-face of its two pieces of pole plates can be plane; may not be plane; as long as the electric capacity of its composition can realize function of the present invention, all within protection scope of the present invention.
It is the loop of gauged distance that pitch measuring 403, control device 404, electric supply installation 405 and electric capacity constitute a controlling plate interplanar distance jointly, this loop can by degenerative mode, realize under microphone works condition, to the control of the spacing of the pad-face of electric capacity two-plate, reach the object of the stable distance between the pad-face making two pole plates at gauged distance.
Electric capacity in microphone provided by the present invention; the function of two pole plate can be exchanged; what namely receive voice signal can be pole plate 401; also can be pole plate 402; the pole plate receiving the signal of telecommunication that electric supply installation provides both can be pole plate 401; also can be pole plate 402, these situations be all within protection scope of the present invention.
Due to concerning an electric capacity, when voltage biased certain between two-plate, the pad-face of two-plate just distributed a certain amount of positive and negative charge, thus certain electric field is formed between two-plate face, the intensity of this electric field and the orientation independent of bias voltage, and it is only relevant with the size of bias voltage size and capacitance, capacitance is larger, the quantity of electric charge that the pad-face of then two pieces of pole plates distributes is more, electric field is also stronger, otherwise, capacitance is less, then electric field is also more weak, therefore, in the present invention on two pole plates 401 and 402 the direction of voltage that is biased do not require, namely no matter at pole plate 401 or 402 upper offset positive voltage or negative voltage bias, all within protection scope of the present invention.
When there being voice signal to input; can be pole plate 401 vibrate with voice signal thus the capacitance changing electric capacity to detect sound; also can be pole plate 402 vibrate with voice signal thus the capacitance changing electric capacity to detect sound, these two kinds of modes are all within protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, gauged distance be less than electric capacity two-plate pad-face between the length of critical distance, if the distance between two-plate 401 and the pad-face of 402 is gauged distance, then mean that this electric capacity is operated in supercriticality.Control system in the present invention utilizes above-mentioned loop to ensure that electric capacity is operated in supercriticality.When distance between the pad-face and the pad-face of pole plate 402 of pole plate 401 is not equal to gauged distance, control device controls electric supply installation 405 and produces the signal of telecommunication, for changing the voltage between two-plate, thus the electrostatic force between change two-plate, like this, the pole plate receiving the signal of telecommunication can just be controlled, as the pole plate 401 in Fig. 4, be moved, thus make the range recovery between two-plate 401 and 402 be gauged distance.
This shows, in the present invention, due to the distance between the pad-face that pitch measuring can detect electric capacity two-plate, for control device, this distance is compared with gauged distance, obtain range difference, and generate the control signal corresponding with this range difference, electric supply installation obtains according to this control signal arbitrary pole plate that the signal of telecommunication exports electric capacity to, thus enable this pole plate according to the requirement of the signal of telecommunication, move in the direction vertical with the pad-face of another pole plate, the distance between the pad-face of two-plate is finally made to become gauged distance, and, this gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two-plate, namely this gauged distance is less than polar plate spacing when electric capacity is operated in critical condition, therefore, the present invention can make the electric capacity in microphone be operated in supercriticality, thus higher sensitivity of microphone can be obtained, larger microphone capacitance, higher microphone signal to noise ratio.
The electric capacity steady operation that control system provided by the invention makes two-plate 401 and 402 form, in supercriticality, means that the normal operating conditions of this Electret Condencer Microphone works in supercriticality for its electric capacity.And, relative to the gauged distance between two-plate 401 and the pad-face of 402, the pole plate that the pressure effect of voice signal to pole plate causes is minimum perpendicular to the displacement that the direction of pad-face occurs, almost can ignore, therefore, make it be subjected to displacement although voice signal acts on pole plate, the impact of the working point of the electric capacity that this displacement forms for pole plate 401 and 402 is very little, and this electric capacity works in supercriticality always.
Because the present invention can make capacitor plate steady operation in microphone in supercriticality, therefore, the gauged distance in the present invention between two-plate 401 and the pad-face of 402 can exceed the restriction of prior art, makes gauged distance be less than initial maximum spacing d
02/3rds.Further, because sensitivity of microphone and this gauged distance are inversely proportional to, therefore, the present invention effectively can improve the sensitivity of microphone.Simultaneously, when capacitance is identical, because this gauged distance is much smaller than the distance between two-plate in prior art, therefore, in the present invention, the area of the pad-face of pole plate 401 and 402 much smaller than prior art, thus can effectively reduce the production cost of Electret Condencer Microphone.
Equally, due to the distance between the pad-face that the present invention can ensure two-plate, can to remain gauged distance substantially constant, therefore, very high relative to the factors dictate such as absolute value, tolerance of prior art to manufacture crafts such as the distances of the pad-face of two pole plates, to ensure the conforming situation of microphone property, present invention reduces the requirement to pole plate manufacture craft, this reduces the production cost of microphone.
The control signal that electric supply installation 405 sends according to control device, to arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity, i.e. pole plate 401 or 402, the signal of telecommunication sent can be voltage signal, also can be current signal, change the voltage between pole plate 401 and 402 in this way, the electrostatic force between these two pole plates can be changed, so just can control to receive the pole plate of the signal of telecommunication that electric supply installation 405 sends towards or direction away from the pad-face of another pole plate on be subjected to displacement, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two-plate become gauged distance.
In actual applications, electric supply installation 405 can both to the pole plate output voltage signal of electric capacity, and again to its output current signal, namely electric supply installation 405 can be used together the Bit andits control that two kinds of modes realize pole plate.Such as, if the spacing between pole plate 401 and the pad-face of 402 exceedes maximum spacing d
02/3rds, namely electric capacity is in subcritical operating state, the position making electric capacity be in overcritical operating state is moved in order to make pole plate, electric supply installation 405 can first to pole plate output voltage signal, make pole plate move to critical localisation gradually, even if the spacing between the pad-face of two-plate is critical distance, electric capacity arrives critical excitation, now, the voltage between two-plate also reaches the critical voltage V in Fig. 3
0then, the signal of telecommunication that electric supply installation 405 exports to pole plate switches to current signal, continue to make pole plate displacement, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two-plate be decreased to gauged distance gradually shown in the dotted line in Fig. 3, in this process, voltage between two-plate is also reducing gradually, finally, electric supply installation 405 passes through to pole plate output voltage signal and current signal, and controlling plate is moved to the position making electric capacity reach overcritical operating state.The pole plate of the voltage signal that reception electric supply installation 405 mentioned here sends and current device can be arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity.
In the present invention, the pitch measuring 403 detecting the spacing of the pad-face of two-plate 401 and 402 can have multiple implementation.
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of pitch measuring first embodiment that the present invention proposes.As shown in Figure 5, this pitch measuring comprises probe 501, Flied emission current detection circuit 502, wherein,
Probe 501 is positioned on the pad-face of arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity; Distance between the peak of probe 501 and the pad-face of this probe place pole plate is less than the gauged distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of electric capacity;
Flied emission current detection circuit 502 is for, the Flied emission electric current between the relative pole plate of detector probe place pole plate and probe 501; According to Flied emission electric current, the distance between the pad-face obtaining two pole plates of electric capacity.
Here, probe 501 can be conductive devices, and its current potential is identical with the current potential of the pad-face of its place pole plate.
The existence of voltage between two pole plates of electric capacity, Flied emission electric current can be produced between probe tip and the relative pole plate of probe place pole plate, the size of this Flied emission electric current has known exponential relationship with the distance between probe and above-mentioned relative pole plate, by measuring the size of this Flied emission electric current, the distance between probe tip and the relative pole plate of its place pole plate can be obtained, thus utilize the height of the pad-face of probe tip its place pole plate relative, and the distance between probe tip and the relative pole plate of its place pole plate, detect the distance between the pad-face obtaining two-plate.
In checkout gear embodiment shown in Fig. 5, probe 501 can be more than one probe, arranges multiple probe, can increase the reliability of this distance detection device.
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of pitch measuring second embodiment that the present invention proposes.As shown in Figure 6, this pitch measuring comprises two check-out consoles 601 and 602, capacitive detection circuit 603, wherein,
Check-out console 601 and 602 is positioned on the pad-face of same pole plate of electric capacity, two check-out consoles 601 with 602 plate face be positioned at same plane and all parallel with the pad-face of self place pole plate; The gross area that the plate face of two check-out consoles 601 and 602 covers is less than the area of the pad-face of self place pole plate;
Capacitive detection circuit 603 for, detect the electric capacity between two check-out consoles 601 and 602; According to the capacitance between two check-out consoles 601 and 602, the distance between the pad-face obtaining two pole plates of electric capacity.
In the present invention, the gross area covered due to the plate face of two check-out consoles 601 and 602 is less than the area of the pad-face of self place pole plate, therefore, the existence of two check-out consoles 601 and 602, the function of the sound detection of the electric capacity that two pole plates that can not affect electric capacity are formed.
Two check-out consoles 601 and 602 form a new check-out console to electric capacity, this check-out console has known exponential relationship to the capacitance of electric capacity and the distance between pole plate 401 and the pad-face of 402, by detecting the capacitance of this check-out console to electric capacity, the distance between pole plate 401 and the pad-face of 402 can be determined.
The control system of Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention, can make electric capacity steady operation in supercriticality, and relative to prior art, the oscillating region of the pole plate in its electric capacity expands, and is thus with a wide range of applications.
Further, in the present invention, arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity, namely pole plate 401 and/or 402, can be made up of semi-conducting material, such as, be made up of semi-conducting materials such as silicon.
The structure chart of control system first embodiment that Fig. 7 is Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention.As shown in Figure 7, this microphone comprises: electric capacity, output device 706, pitch measuring 703, control device 704, the electric supply installation 705 for the receiving voice signal that are made up of two pole plates 701 and 702.Wherein, electric capacity and pitch measuring 703, control device 704, electric supply installation 705 form a loop, and the bandwidth of this loop is less than the bandwidth of voice signal, voice signal can make two of electric capacity distances between pole plate 701 and the pad-face of 702 change; Loop is wherein used for, when microphone works, by the stable distance between the pad-face of the pole plate of two in electric capacity at gauged distance;
Voice signal makes the arbitrary pole plate in electric capacity be subjected to displacement in the direction perpendicular to its pad-face; Arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity sends to output device 706 and exports the signal of telecommunication, and amplitude and the voice signal of this output signal of telecommunication make the variable quantity of the spacing of the pad-face of two pole plates be directly proportional;
Output device 706 is for, output audio signal, and the amplitude of this audio signal and phase place are directly proportional to the amplitude and phase place that export the signal of telecommunication respectively; Like this, the amplitude of voice signal that just receives with electric capacity of the amplitude of audio signal that exports of output device 706 and phase place and phase place have correlation.
This distance for, the distance between two pole plates 701 of Detection capacitance and the pad-face of 702, and is sent to control device 704 by pitch measuring 703;
Control device 704 for, two of electric capacity distances between pole plate 701 and the pad-face of 702 and gauged distance are compared, obtain range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with this range difference, and this control signal is sent to electric supply installation 705;
Electric supply installation 705 for, according to control signal, arbitrary pole plate to electric capacity sends the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change electric capacity two pole plates between voltage, the pole plate of this signal of telecommunication of reception is moved along the direction perpendicular to the pad-face of another pole plate, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two of electric capacity pole plates become gauged distance, wherein, this gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of electric capacity.Here, control signal is the feedback signal as the arbitrary pole plate being supplied to electric capacity, this pole plate can be made to move to a specific position, when pole plate moves to this ad-hoc location, distance between the two-plate 701 of electric capacity and the pad-face of 702 just becomes gauged distance, like this, aforesaid loop also just serves the object of the quiescent point of stable electric capacity.
Here, arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity may be used to receive voice signal, and vibrate with this voice signal, thus the distance between the pad-face of change electric capacity two-plate, and therefore change the capacitance of electric capacity, like this, the positive and negative charge be distributed on the pad-face of electric capacity two-plate also will correspondingly increase or reduce, thus a signal is formed on arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity, this signal can deliver to output device 706, for its output audio signal.
Electric supply installation 705 in Fig. 7 two-plate 701 and 702 had to electric capacity provides the function of bias voltage, and this function can be realized by charge pump.
Loop in Fig. 7 is used for the spacing of the pad-face ensureing electric capacity two-plate and is continuously the gauged distance being less than critical distance, thus steady operation is in supercriticality, like this, utilize the performance that the Electret Condencer Microphone of the control system shown in Fig. 7 can provide more excellent, or under the prerequisite with performance same as the prior art, there is lower cost.
Output device 706 in Fig. 7 can have the amplification to audio signal; Meanwhile, analog-to-digital conversion can also be carried out to the audio signal of simulation in output device 706, obtain digital audio and video signals, and export this digital audio and video signals, thus realize the Digital output of audio signal.Like this, just can comprise modulus switching device in output device 706, this modulus switching device can be Sigma-Delta modulator, also can realize analog-to-digital device for other.
As shown in Figure 7, the output signal of telecommunication, receiving voice signal thus making arbitrary pole plate, as pole plate 701, after being subjected to displacement, can be sent to output device 706 by pole plate 702 by electric capacity, thus output audio signal.Due to voice signal bandwidth higher than the bandwidth of loop, thus the bandwidth of audio signal is also just higher than the loop bandwidth of loop, like this, input this microphone from voice signal and this signal paths that this microphone exports, not form closed loop to the audio signal produced, this is an open cycle system.
Be that pole plate 702 sends the output signal of telecommunication to output device in Fig. 7, equally also can send the output signal of telecommunication by pole plate 701 to output device, the displacement that the intensity of this output signal of telecommunication is vibrated with voice signal to the pole plate of electric capacity is directly proportional.In this case, the function of remaining device is constant, electric capacity equally also can be made to be operated in supercriticality, reach object of the present invention.
The structure chart of control system second embodiment that Fig. 8 is Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention.As shown in Figure 8, this microphone comprises: by two pole plates 801 and 802 form for receiving the electric capacity of voice signal, pitch measuring 803, control device 804, electric supply installation 805 and output device 806, wherein, electric capacity and pitch measuring 803, control device 804, electric supply installation 805 constitute a loop, and the bandwidth of this loop is more than or equal to the bandwidth of voice signal; Wherein,
The voice signal that electric capacity receives makes arbitrary pole plate, in the direction perpendicular with pad-face, the displacement of audio frequency error occur, thus the distance between the pad-face of two of electric capacity pole plates is changed; The amplitude of the signal of telecommunication that the amplitude of audio signal that output device 806 exports and phase place send to arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity to electric supply installation 805 respectively and phase place are directly proportional.
Like this, above-mentioned loop just can generate the control signal corresponding with this audio frequency error displacement, thus makes arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity distance moved between the pad-face meeting two-plate be the position of the condition of gauged distance; Specifically:
Pitch measuring 803 for, the distance between two pole plates 801 of Detection capacitance and the pad-face of 802, and sends it to control device 804;
Control device 804 for, two of electric capacity distances between pole plate 801 and the pad-face of 802 and gauged distance are compared, obtain range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with range difference, and control signal is sent to electric supply installation 805;
Electric supply installation 805 for, according to control signal, arbitrary pole plate to electric capacity sends the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change electric capacity two pole plates 801 and 802 between voltage, the pole plate of this signal of telecommunication of reception is moved along the direction perpendicular to the pad-face of another pole plate, thus make two of electric capacity distances between pole plate 801 and the pad-face of 802 become gauged distance, wherein, gauged distance is less than the critical distance between two pole plates 801 of electric capacity and the pad-face of 802.
Like this, no matter be power up in the process of charging electric charge at electric capacity, or receive in the process of voice signal at electric capacity, arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity can send to the signal of telecommunication of self according to electric supply installation 805, be subjected to displacement in the direction vertical with the pad-face of another pole plate, thus making the distance between the pad-face of two-plate become gauged distance, this gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two-plate.
Output device 806 in the present embodiment also can have analog-digital conversion function further, carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtain digital audio and video signals, and then export this digital audio and video signals the audio signal of simulation.Output device 806 can also have enlarging function, amplifies the audio signal of simulation exported or digital audio and video signals.
In the present embodiment, the bandwidth of loop is more than or equal to the bandwidth of voice signal, mean the speed that the reaction speed of this loop is not less than capacitor plate and vibrates with voice signal, therefore, when there is certain displacement under the effect of pole plate at voice signal, loop can carry out feedback modifiers to it immediately, the range recovery between the pad-face of two-plate is made to be gauged distance, like this, relative to the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the resume speed of pole plate is faster.
Different from the position of the output device in Fig. 7, in embodiment shown in Fig. 8, the control signal that electric supply installation 805 utilizes control device 804 to provide, to arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity, as pole plate 801, the signal of telecommunication is provided, displacement is carried out to control this pole plate, thus make the range recovery between pole plate and the pad-face of 802 be gauged distance, simultaneously, again by this signal of telecommunication, with the form of voltage signal or current signal, send to output device 806, with the audio signal making output device 806 output amplitude and phase place be directly proportional to amplitude and the phase place of the signal of telecommunication respectively, thus realize audio output function.Like this, voice signal is received by electric capacity, cause the displacement of its pole plate, thus the distance changed between pole plate 801 and the pad-face of 802, pitch measuring 803 detects this distance afterwards, provide it to control device 804, by control device 804, itself and gauged distance are contrasted, produce the control signal corresponding with range difference, this control signal is just fed back to arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity by electric supply installation 805, control it to be subjected to displacement, this displacement can make the range recovery between the pad-face of two-plate be gauged distance, simultaneously, output device 806 goes back the audio signal that output intensity is directly proportional to the intensity of control signal, as can be seen here, this microphone is inputted from voice signal, to output device 806 output audio signal, this is a closed loop, thus this microphone is closed loop audio output system.
In embodiment shown in Fig. 8, arbitrary pole plate of electric capacity is with the displacement of voice signal generation audio frequency error, its principle is the pressure that pole plate is subject to voice signal, the displacement of audio frequency error occurs in the direction vertical with pad-face, and the displacement of this audio frequency error displacement is directly proportional to the pressure of voice signal.
In two embodiments that Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 provides, the static displacement scope of pole plate is far longer than prior art, therefore, when the intensity generation unit change of voice signal, the Strength Changes of the audio signal that these two embodiments export is much larger than prior art, when outside noise is constant, the present invention substantially increases the signal to noise ratio of microphone.
In these two embodiments of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, a whole or part in electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device, electric supply installation, output device can be positioned on same integrated circuit, also can discretely arrange, namely electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device, electric supply installation, output device are different circuit.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, voice signal causes pole plate to vibrate, and the scope of vibration is less than gauged distance, and thus this vibration can not affect the work of whole microphone.Equally, in embodiment shown in Fig. 8, because the feedback effect of loop is very fast, the audio frequency error displacement of the pole plate thus caused by voice signal is less than the Oscillation Amplitude in Fig. 7 embodiment, like this, the audio frequency error displacement of pole plate is also less than gauged distance, and this audio frequency error displacement also can not affect the work of microphone.
In addition, the invention allows for a kind of Electret Condencer Microphone, this microphone comprises: electric capacity, output device and control system, wherein,
Described electric capacity is made up of, for receiving voice signal two pole plates;
Described output device is used for output audio signal;
Described control system is above-mentioned control system.
As can be seen here, in this microphone, receive the electric capacity of voice signal by being used for of forming of two pieces of pole plates, receive the control of control system, can steady operation in supercriticality, the distance between two pieces of pole plates is made to remain the gauged distance being less than critical distance between pole plate, therefore, relative to microphone of the prior art, Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention has higher sensitivity of microphone, larger microphone capacitance, higher microphone signal to noise ratio.
Fig. 9 is the control method flow chart of Electret Condencer Microphone provided by the invention.As shown in Figure 9, the method comprises:
Step 901: electric capacity receives voice signal, and this voice signal makes the distance between the pad-face of two of electric capacity pole plates change; Output device output audio signal, the amplitude of audio signal and phase place are directly proportional to the amplitude of voice signal and phase place respectively.
Step 902: the distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of Detection capacitance, and itself and gauged distance are compared, obtain range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with range difference.
Step 903: according to control signal, arbitrary pole plate to electric capacity sends the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change electric capacity two pole plates between voltage, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two of electric capacity pole plates become gauged distance, wherein, gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of electric capacity.
Sequencing on each step in the method has no time, step 901 can be carried out with step 902,903 simultaneously, thus make while electric capacity receives voice signal, output device output audio signal, carry out the detection of pad-face spacing, generate control signal and utilize control signal to send the signal of telecommunication, thus make pad-face spacing revert to gauged distance, finally realize electric capacity steady operation in supercriticality.
As can be seen here, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the present invention, due to the distance between the pad-face that pitch measuring can detect electric capacity two-plate, for control device, this distance is compared with gauged distance, obtain range difference, and generate the control signal corresponding with this range difference, electric supply installation obtains according to this control signal arbitrary pole plate that the signal of telecommunication exports electric capacity to, thus enable this pole plate according to the requirement of the signal of telecommunication, move in the direction vertical with the pad-face of another pole plate, the distance between the pad-face of two-plate is finally made to become gauged distance, and, this gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two-plate, namely this gauged distance is less than polar plate spacing when electric capacity is operated in critical condition, therefore, the present invention can make the electric capacity in microphone be operated in supercriticality, thus higher sensitivity of microphone can be obtained, larger microphone capacitance, higher microphone signal to noise ratio.
(2) because the present invention can ensure that electric capacity steady operation in microphone is in supercriticality, therefore, the quiescent point of the electric capacity in the present invention is very stable, the displacement of pole plate can exceed the restriction of prior art, make the spacing of the pad-face of two-plate be less than 2/3rds of initial maximum spacing, and the present invention effectively can improve the sensitivity of microphone.
(3) stable distance between the pad-face that can ensure two-plate due to the present invention is that gauged distance is substantially constant, therefore, under the prerequisite that the capacitance of electric capacity is identical, in the present invention, the area of the pad-face of two-plate much smaller than prior art, thus can effectively reduce the production cost of Electret Condencer Microphone.
(4), in the present invention, the probe in pitch measuring can be more than one probe, thus improves reliability of the present invention.
(5) must by improving pole plate manufacture craft, reducing the mode that the mode of mismachining tolerance improves sensitivity of microphone relative to prior art, in the present invention, the sensitivity of microphone can be improved by electrical way, thus reduce the requirement to pole plate manufacture craft, also simplify the method improving sensitivity of microphone simultaneously.
(6) in prior art, electric capacity in microphone is operated in subcritical state, and thus the power of its audio signal exported is less, and the present invention then significantly improves the power of output audio signal on microphone capacitor plate, therefore, the present invention is with a wide range of applications.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. the control system of an Electret Condencer Microphone, described Electret Condencer Microphone comprises: the electric capacity for receiving voice signal be made up of two pole plates, the output device of output audio signal, is characterized in that, this control system comprises: pitch measuring, control device and electric supply installation; Wherein,
Described pitch measuring is used for, the distance between the pad-face detecting two pole plates of described electric capacity, and sends it to described control device;
Described control device is used for, and the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates and gauged distance is compared, obtains range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with described range difference, and described control signal is sent to described electric supply installation;
Described electric supply installation is used for, according to described control signal, arbitrary pole plate to described electric capacity sends the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change described electric capacity two pole plates between voltage, the pole plate of this signal of telecommunication of reception is moved along the direction perpendicular to the pad-face of another pole plate, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates become gauged distance, wherein, described gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of described electric capacity, wherein, stable state electrostatic force between electric capacity two-plate being equaled critical electrostatic power is called the critical condition of electric capacity, distance between the pad-face of the electric capacity two-plate of critical condition is called critical distance.
2. control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electric supply installation is according to described control signal, and the signal of telecommunication that the arbitrary pole plate to described electric capacity sends is current signal or voltage signal.
3. control system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described pitch measuring comprises probe, Flied emission current detection circuit, wherein,
Described probe is positioned on the pad-face of arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity; Distance between the peak of described probe and the pad-face of probe place pole plate is less than the gauged distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of described electric capacity;
Described Flied emission current detection circuit is used for, the Flied emission electric current between the relative pole plate of detector probe place pole plate and described probe; According to described Flied emission electric current, the distance between the pad-face obtaining two pole plates of described electric capacity.
4. control system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described pitch measuring comprises two check-out consoles, capacitive detection circuits, wherein,
Described two check-out consoles are positioned on the pad-face of same pole plate of described electric capacity, and the plate face of described two check-out consoles is positioned at same plane and all parallel with the pad-face of self place pole plate; The gross area in the plate face of described two check-out consoles is less than the area of the pad-face of self place pole plate;
Described capacitive detection circuit is used for, and detects the electric capacity between described two check-out consoles; According to the capacitance between described two check-out consoles, the distance between the pad-face obtaining two pole plates of described electric capacity.
5. control system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the whole or part in described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device, electric supply installation, output device is positioned on same integrated circuit; Or described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device, electric supply installation, output device are different circuit.
6. control system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity is made up of semi-conducting material.
7. control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bandwidth of the loop that described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device and electric supply installation are formed is less than the bandwidth of described voice signal; Described voice signal makes the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates change; Wherein,
Arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity sends to described output device and exports the signal of telecommunication, and amplitude and the described voice signal of the described output signal of telecommunication make the variable quantity of the spacing of the pad-face of described two pole plates be directly proportional;
Described output device is used for, output audio signal, and the amplitude of described audio signal and phase place are directly proportional to the amplitude of the described output signal of telecommunication and phase place respectively.
8. control system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bandwidth of the loop that described electric capacity, pitch measuring, control device and electric supply installation are formed is more than or equal to the bandwidth of voice signal; Described voice signal makes the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates change; Wherein,
The amplitude of the signal of telecommunication that the amplitude of the audio signal that described output device exports and phase place send to arbitrary pole plate of described electric capacity to described electric supply installation respectively and phase place are directly proportional.
9. the control system according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that, described output device is further used for, and carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtain digital audio and video signals to described audio signal; Export described digital audio and video signals.
10. an Electret Condencer Microphone, is characterized in that, this microphone comprises: electric capacity, output device and control system, wherein,
Described electric capacity is made up of, for receiving voice signal two pole plates;
Described output device is used for output audio signal;
Described control system is the control system described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 9.
The control method of 11. 1 kinds of Electret Condencer Microphones, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Electric capacity receives voice signal, and this voice signal makes the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates change; Output device output audio signal, the amplitude of described audio signal and phase place are directly proportional to the amplitude of described voice signal and phase place respectively;
Distance between the pad-face detecting two pole plates of described electric capacity, and itself and gauged distance are compared, obtain range difference; Generate the control signal corresponding with described range difference;
According to described control signal, arbitrary pole plate to described electric capacity sends the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication for change described electric capacity two pole plates between voltage, thus make the distance between the pad-face of two of described electric capacity pole plates become gauged distance, wherein, described gauged distance is less than the critical distance between the pad-face of two pole plates of described electric capacity, wherein, stable state electrostatic force between electric capacity two-plate being equaled critical electrostatic power is called the critical condition of electric capacity, and the distance between the pad-face of the electric capacity two-plate of critical condition is called critical distance.
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| CN1372431A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-10-02 | Akg声学有限公司 | Electroacoustic telephone transmitter |
| CN1741685A (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2006-03-01 | 桑尼奥公司 | Detection and control of diaphragm collapse in condenser microphones |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1372431A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-10-02 | Akg声学有限公司 | Electroacoustic telephone transmitter |
| CN1741685A (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2006-03-01 | 桑尼奥公司 | Detection and control of diaphragm collapse in condenser microphones |
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