CN102540465A - Optical system of helmet displayer - Google Patents
Optical system of helmet displayer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102540465A CN102540465A CN201110408325XA CN201110408325A CN102540465A CN 102540465 A CN102540465 A CN 102540465A CN 201110408325X A CN201110408325X A CN 201110408325XA CN 201110408325 A CN201110408325 A CN 201110408325A CN 102540465 A CN102540465 A CN 102540465A
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Abstract
An optical system of a helmet displayer comprises a micro displayer, a bonding lens and an optical combiner. The micro displayer and the bonding lens are bonded integrally, the optical combiner comprises two tightly-adhered right-angle prisms forming a 45-degree angle and a concave-surface reflecting mirror, a narrow-band high-reflective optical surface is located at the bonding position of the two right-angle prisms and forms a 45-degree angle respectively with the horizontal optical axis and the vertical optical axis, the concave-surface reflecting mirror and the right-angle prisms are bonded integrally, and the concave surface is the high-reflective optical surface. Light beams are emitted from the micro displayer, are converged through the bonding lens, enter the optical combiner and pass through the narrow-band high-reflective optical surface, then transmitted light beams are converged through the high-reflective optical surface again, and reflected light beams become parallel light beams after the light beams pass through the narrow-band high-reflective optical surface again. An exit pupil is located at the position of a pupil of one human eye, extraneous light enters the optical combiner and passes through the narrow-band high-reflective optical surface, and then the transmitted light beams enter the pupil of one human eye. The optical system of the helmet displayer has the advantages of being compact in system, convenient to correct, good in aberration correction and high in reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical system, particularly a kind ofly be applied in the optical system that Helmet Mounted Display is fastened, can be applicable on the dual-use helmet.
Technical background
(HMD HeadMountedDisplay) is divided into half throwing type and full throwing type to Helmet Mounted Display, is a kind of emerging airborne demonstration/sighting system.The image that it can be produced the small two-dimension display becomes the virtual image in human eye the place ahead via optical system.Particularly, light that the small two-dimension display is launched makes image produce similar distant place effect because of refraction or diffraction through lens combination, utilizes this effect that near objects is amplified to and observes at a distance or aiming and reach so-called full figure vision.
Nineteen sixty-eight in the world first Helmet Mounted Display truly be the military helmet display, i.e. " sword of Damocles " Helmet Mounted Display of U.S. ARPA Information Processing Technology Office director Ivan Sutherland exploitation.Originally being mainly opportunity of combat and battlebus driver is equipped with; And now; No matter be that fighter plane, helicopter or the helmet that the individual soldier wore singly are not protective devices; The science and technology of develop rapidly condense upon multiple function in the helmet, make it become the competent assistant who helps user's operating aircraft, aims at, obtains equipment such as cartographic information, the important tie between the person of being to use and its weapon, the base.In addition, the status of civilian Helmet Mounted Display in the virtual technology application system is also very important.
Because display system is mounted on the helmet, therefore very high to weight and volume requirement, if the individual soldier uses, then stricter requirement is proposed reliability in addition.Although GB and national military standard do not have definite requirement to the emergent pupil distance of optical system; But the 3.2.3.4 of " GJB_1323-1991_ optical observation instrument general specification " points out: confirm distance of exit pupil or clear eye distance according to the purposes of product; Protection operating personnel eyes are not wounded, and when putting on respirator, also can observe.Therefore minimum according to the optical design requirement emergent pupil distance of common individual soldier's helmet is 15mm.And under the constant situation of other optical properties, bigger emergent pupil is that the volume and weight of optical system almost becomes cube doubly to increase apart from what directly cause.In addition, increase emergent pupil and increase exit pupil diameter apart from inevitable requirement.Therefore the helmet and head generation relative motion in the user's complicated motion under the situation of identical exit pupil diameter, big more emergent pupil is apart from causing missing image more.The requirement of exit pupil diameter: obviously exit pupil diameter is big more, and the user observes image more easily.But emergent pupil all can make the weight and volume of optics sharply increase apart from every increase 1mm.In addition, big exit pupil diameter can make the aberration correction of optical system complicated and difficult more, the quantity that this will cause the decline of image quality or increase optical element.Show that the visual field is big more, viewing effect will be comfortable more.Therefore, people hope that the Helmet Mounted Display visual field is big relatively, require display resolution to want high simultaneously.But visual field and resolution itself is again a pair of contradiction, and the visual field increase also can make the weight and volume of optical system sharply increase in addition.Therefore, when design, also should between various requirement, carry out balance with compromise.
To this situation; A kind of optical system of Helmet Mounted Display has been proposed at patent documentation CN200510008494.9 (open day is on September 7th, 2005); Like Fig. 2; Positive lens of its usefulness 42, a micro-display 41 and an optical elements sets 43 are formed optical systems, turn back through 44 pairs of light of semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical surface.Because the distance between positive lens 42 and micro-display 41, the optical elements sets 43 is less, this brings some troubles for actual installation and debugging, reduces its reliability.In addition, owing to use semi-transparent semi-reflecting optical surface 44, do not considering that the luminous energy that micro-display 41 reaches human eye 46 is up to 25% under the situation that medium absorbs, the luminous energy that extraneous light arrives human eye is up to 50%, is not used in to observe extraneous scenery.
Patent documentation CN200610034306.4 (open day is on September 12nd, 2007) proposes a kind of optical imaging system of Helmet Mounted Display; Like Fig. 3; Comprise image information display source 1, free curved surface prism 2 and combined prism 17, first light 4 that image information display source 1 is sent gets into combined prism 17 through free curved surface prism 2, includes a half-reflecting half mirror 8 in the combined prism 17 at least; Half-reflecting half mirror 8 is positioned at by first direction and incides on the light path of first light 4 on it; And be positioned at by second direction and incide on the light path of second light of injecting the outside on it 9, being got into observers' pupil 5 by second light 9 of first light 4 after half-reflecting half mirror 8 reflections and transmission synthetic the 3rd light 16 backs on the half-reflection and half-transmission minute surface, eyepiece 12 fits together with combined prism 17 closely; Free curved surface prism 2 is a concave surface with image information display source 1 adjacent surface; Wherein 3 represent optical surface, the protruding face of 15 representatives, 20 is the emergent pupil distance.Compare with patent documentation CN200510008494.9 and to have lacked a reflecting surface 45.Although the luminous energy of entering human eye 55 has with under the situation increase, its free curved surface prism 2 makes processing cost improve greatly, reduces its reliability simultaneously.
And in above-mentioned two kinds of structures, all have three optical elements or optical module, therefore, after machining, need three parts of assembling, assembling process is complicated.
In addition; Because demonstration source (micro-display 41 and image information display source 1) is apart from the close together of optical module (optical elements sets 43 and combined prism 17); Usually have only 20 to 30mm; So when adjustment, the mobile difficulty of the optical element between demonstration source and optical module (positive lens 42 and free curved surface prism 2) is very big.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of light-duty, compact, aberration correction is good and reliability is high helmet display optical system.
To achieve these goals; The present invention discloses a kind of optical system of Helmet Mounted Display, comprises micro-display and optical combiner, also comprises the gummed mirror between micro-display and optical combiner; Said micro-display is an integral body with gummed mirror gummed; Light beam sends from micro-display, goes into the optics combiner through gummed mirror post-concentration is laggard, and extraneous light directly gets into optical combiner.
The present invention further is specially:
Said optical axis is perpendicular to the pixel faces of micro-display, and through its center, said optical combiner comprises right-angle prism and concave mirror of two miter angles; Wherein near the optical surface of gummed mirror, near the optical surface of human eye pupil, and be the plane, and all vertical with optical axis near the optical surface of extraneous light; The high anti-optical surface in arrowband is positioned at two right-angle prism junctions, all becomes miter angle with horizontal optical axis and vertical optical axis, and two right-angle prisms fit tightly together; Said concave mirror and right-angle prism gummed are an integral body; Concave surface is towards right-angle prism, and convex surface is an exposed face, and the concave surface of concave mirror is high anti-optical surface;
Light beam sends from micro-display, through gummed mirror post-concentration, from the optical surface entering optical combiner near the gummed mirror of optical combiner; Behind the high anti-optical surface in arrowband, a part of beam reflection, a part of transmission; Transmitted light beam is assembled through too high reflective face once more, and light beam is once more through behind the high anti-optical surface in arrowband, some beam reflection; Part transmission, its folded light beam becomes parallel beam again behind the optical surface near the human eye pupil, and emergent pupil is positioned at human eye pupil place; Extraneous light gets into optical combiner from the optical surface near extraneous light, behind the high anti-optical surface in arrowband, and a part of beam reflection; Part transmission, transmitted light beam gets into the human eye pupil.
The reflection of light rate that the 494-544nm wave band is faced in high reflective in described arrowband is greater than 70%, and the transmitance of other visible light wave range is greater than 90%.
Reflective of said height is 100% in the face of the reflection of light rate of 494-544nm wave band.
Described gummed mirror is a plano-convex lens, and flat one side is with the micro-display gummed and perpendicular to optical axis, protruding one side is a sphere.
Described micro-display is a display of organic electroluminescence, and its resolution is 852 * 600, and display brightness is 1500cd/m2, and half spectral width is 50nm, i.e. 494nm-544nm.
The effective focal length of this optical system is 30mm; Field angle 25
; Emergent pupil is apart from 21mm; Exit pupil diameter 10mm; Wavelength 494
544nm, peak value 520mm.
Described gummed material therefor is cold refined resin.
The right-angle prism of said gummed mirror, two miter angles and the used optical material of concave mirror are optical plastic.
The right-angle prism of said gummed mirror, two miter angles and the used optical material of concave mirror are PMMA.
The present invention and present compared with techniques have the following advantages:
1, since two prisms with one reflection is glued together, the demonstration source is glued together with a planoconvex lens, optical texture is simpler, after optical element machined, quite a usefulness was assembled two opticses.
2, whole optical system has only two curved surfaces, and is sphere, is easy to processing.
3, this optical system has symmetry, reduces the difficulty and the processing cost of Design of Mechanical Structure greatly.
4, the logical light area near the optical surface design of gluing together mirror of prism facets is slightly littler than prism, and physical construction can be to its constraint that moves right; The high anti-optical surface of prism facets is a sphere, and there is a summit at the center, and physical construction can be carried out the constraint to left movement to it.The constraint of face---some combination can make highly stable the fixing of this optical combiner.In addition, four faces of all the other of these parts are the plane, are very easy to fixing and bonding.
5, the workplace of whole optical system (screen that comprises the demonstration source) has only four faces to be exposed in the air altogether, and wherein two faces are in the inside of physical construction, and two other is positioned at the outside.And be that three planes add a curved surface altogether, be exposed to two outside workplaces of physical construction and be the plane.This will improve the reliability of optical element surface cleanliness greatly.
6, have only two parts of demonstration source-plano-convex lens combiner and optical combiner, this can be so that the adjustment scope be easier, and the adjustment scope is bigger.
7, optical material uses optical plastic PMMA, makes whole optical system weight alleviate greatly.
Description of drawings
The optical structure chart of the optical system of Fig. 1 Helmet Mounted Display of the present invention.
The optical structure chart of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display that Fig. 2 is present.
The optical structure chart of the another kind of Helmet Mounted Display that Fig. 3 is present.
The MTF curve of optical system in the given examples of implementation of Fig. 4 the present invention.
The curvature of field, the distortion curve of optical system in the given examples of implementation of Fig. 5 the present invention.
The practical implementation method
See also Fig. 1, the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display of the present invention comprises micro-display 32, gummed mirror 31 and optical combiner 20.Said micro-display 32 is an integral body with gummed mirror 31 gummeds.
Said optical axis is perpendicular to the pixel faces of micro-display 32, and its center of process.Described micro-display 32 is Gao Liang, high-resolution miniature display screen.
Described gummed mirror 31 is a plano-convex lens, and flat one side is with micro-display 32 gummeds and perpendicular to optical axis, protruding one side is a sphere.
Right-angle prism and the used optical material of concave mirror of said gummed mirror 31, two miter angles are optical plastic, and concrete is PMMA (being acrylic or polymethyl methacrylate, is exactly organic glass, and chemical name is a polymethylmethacrylate).
The present invention adopts micro-display 32 to show the inner passage, and gummed mirror 31 reaches the effect of optically focused and aberration correction, the anti-optical surface of arrowband height 22, high anti-optical surface 23 be used for turning back light path and convergent beam.
Above-mentioned gummed material therefor is cold refined resin.
High reflective in described arrowband is mainly reflected in the face of the light of specific wavelength, and the light of its commplementary wave length carries out transmission, and is concrete; Be employed in 494-544nm wave band plating high-reflecting film (reflectivity is greater than 70%); Other visible light wave range plating anti-reflection film (transmitance is greater than 90%), but observe the influence of color red shift in order to compensate the high anti-scene that causes of 494-544 wave band plating, begin to 780nm from 600nm; Transmitance descends gradually, reduces the red spectral band transmitance.
The light of 23 pairs of specific wavelengths of the anti-optical surface of described height has higher reflection coefficient, and concrete is that the reflection of light rate of 23 pairs of 494-544nm wave bands of high anti-optical surface is 100%.
Principle of work of the present invention is: light beam sends from micro-display 32; Through gummed mirror 31 post-concentrations; Get into optical combiner 20 from the optical surface 25 of optical combiner 20; Behind the high anti-optical surface 22 in arrowband, some beam reflection, a part of transmission; Transmitted light beam is assembled through too high reflective face 23 once more; Light beam is once more through behind the high anti-optical surface 22 in arrowband, some beam reflection, a part of transmission; Its folded light beam becomes parallel beam again behind optical surface 21; Emergent pupil is positioned at human eye pupil 10 places, and extraneous light gets into optical combiner 20 from optical surface 24, behind the high anti-optical surface 22 in arrowband, and a part of beam reflection, a part of transmission, transmitted light beam human eye pupil 10.
When image planes were positioned at the infinite distance, the angular resolution of Helmet Mounted Display was:
In the formula:
ω,
vBe respectively the full field angle of vertical and horizontal direction
; m,
nIt is respectively the effective display surface of figure image source
(Square 4: 3
)On level and the pixel count of vertical direction.If the pixel count of selection figure image source level and vertical direction is 800 * 600
,Pel spacing is 2.4 μ m.Calculating the corresponding angular resolution of system by following formula is 0. 7 7mrad, near minimum resolution 0. 5 mrad of human eye.If be designed to 30 mm to the effective focal length of helmet display optical system, this moment, the spatial frequency of the optical system that angular resolution is complementary should reach 30 lp/ mm.
Then the design of Optical System input is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 optical design input
| Effective focal length | About |
| Field angle | |
25
 |
|
| The emergent pupil distance | 21mm |
| Exit pupil diameter | 10mm |
| Wavelength | 494
 |
| Resolution | Each visual field is all greater than 0.3 during 30 lp/ mm |
| Luminance non |
 |
| Distortion |
 |
Be applied to the micro-display of Helmet Mounted Display at present, comprise display of organic electroluminescence (OLED) and LCD (LCD).Owing to need during liquid crystal display displays backlightly, and, subzero also need increase temperature control circuit when work, cause the increase of power consumption for displays and volume, so present embodiment selection OLED is display screen, its detail parameters such as table 2:
Table 2 OLED shields parameter
| Effective display area | 12mm×9mm |
| Resolution | 852×600 |
| Display brightness | 1500cd/m 2 |
| Contrast | Be not less than 300 :1 |
| Gray shade scale | ? 256 |
| Working temperature | -40℃～+65℃ |
| Half spectral width | 50nm(494nm-544nm) |
The optics detail parameters is as shown in table 3:
Table 3 optical texture parameter
| Sequence number | The face type | Radius | Thickness | Glass | Type | The Y semiaperture | The X semiaperture | Eccentric | |
| Object plane | Sphere |
 |
 |
? | Refraction | ? | ? | ? | |
| | Sphere |
 |
21 | ? | Refraction | Circle 5 | Circle 5 | ? | |
| 2 (optical surfaces 21) | Sphere | 12.6 | PMMA | Refraction | Side 12.6 | Side 10.75 | ? | ||
| 3 (optical surfaces 22) | Sphere |
 |
-12.6 | PMMA | Reflection | Side 17.82 | Side 10.75 | 45 | |
| 4 | Sphere |
 |
-2.4 | PMMA | Refraction | Side 12.6 | Side 10.75 | ? | |
| 5 (optical surfaces 23) | Sphere | 95.5 | 2.4 | PMMA | Reflection | Side 12.6 | Side 10.75 | ? | |
| 6 (the flat faces of gummed mirror 31) | Sphere |
 |
25.2 | PMMA | Refraction | Side 12.6 | Side 10.75 | ? | |
| 7 (optical surfaces 25) | Sphere |
 |
9.38 | ? | Refraction | Side 12.6 | Side 10.75 | ? | |
| 8 (the protruding faces of gummed mirror 31) | Sphere | 26.5 | 5.6 | PMMA | Refraction | Side 7 | Side 5.5 | ? | |
| | Sphere |
 |
0 | ? | Refraction | Side 6.5 | Side 5 | ? |
Because OLED figure image source be monochromatic the demonstration, show that half spectral width of spectrum is about 50nm (being 494nm-544nm), therefore the time to anti-optical surface 22 plated films of arrowband height; Be employed in 494-544nm wave band plating high-reflecting film (reflectivity is greater than 70%); Other visible light wave range plating anti-reflection film (transmitance is greater than 90%), but observe the influence of color red shift in order to compensate the high anti-scene that causes of 494-544 wave band plating, begin to 780nm from 600nm; Transmitance descends gradually, reduces the red spectral band transmitance.
As do not consider influence such as absorption, for extraneous light, get into from optical surface 24; Through the high anti-optical surface 22 in arrowband, its transmitance reaches more than 90%, for the OLED screen; The light of the 494-544nm wave band that the OLED screen sends has 70% to be reflected on the high anti-optical surface 22 in arrowband; 30% transmittance, once more through the reflection of the high anti-optical surface 22 in arrowband, the light that gets into human eye pupil 10 has 30%*70=21% to the light of transmission after being reflected completely on the anti-optical surface 23 of height.If adopt five or five beam split, then the highest of its transmitance reaches 50% for exterior light, and its transmitance reaches 25% for the OLED screen.Though the inner efficiency of light energy utilization descends a little, the brightness that it can be through improving screen to be reaching designing requirement, and that the present invention improves the efficiency of light energy utilization of extraneous light is nearly 80%, and this will make users'comfort improve greatly.
Fig. 4 is the MTF curve of optical system among the given embodiment, can find out, each visual field is all greater than 0.45 during 30 lp/ mm, and each visual field is all greater than 0.3 requirement when being far longer than 30 lp/ mm.
Fig. 5 is the curvature of field, the distortion curve of optical system in present embodiment, can find out, the curvature of field meets the requirements much smaller than 0.05; Distorting on the edge of, the visual field adheres to specification also less than 1%.
To those skilled in the art, should understand according to the present invention adjustment and the variation for said equipment and method can know.Above-mentionedly be merely exemplary with reference to the described specific implementations of accompanying drawing, and be not intended to limit scope of the present invention, this scope is defined by appending claims.
Claims (10)
1. the optical system of a Helmet Mounted Display; Comprise micro-display and optical combiner; It is characterized in that: also comprise the gummed mirror between micro-display and optical combiner, said micro-display is an integral body with gummed mirror gummed, and light beam sends from micro-display; Go into the optics combiner through gummed mirror post-concentration is laggard, extraneous light directly gets into optical combiner.
2. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said optical axis is perpendicular to the pixel faces of micro-display, and through its center; Said optical combiner comprises right-angle prism and concave mirror of two miter angles, wherein near the optical surface of gummed mirror, near the optical surface of human eye pupil, and be the plane near the optical surface of extraneous light; And it is all vertical with optical axis; The high anti-optical surface in arrowband is positioned at two right-angle prism junctions, all becomes miter angle with horizontal optical axis and vertical optical axis, and two right-angle prisms fit tightly together; Said concave mirror and right-angle prism gummed are an integral body; Concave surface is towards right-angle prism, and convex surface is an exposed face, and the concave surface of concave mirror is high anti-optical surface;
Light beam sends from micro-display, through gummed mirror post-concentration, from the optical surface entering optical combiner near the gummed mirror of optical combiner; Behind the high anti-optical surface in arrowband, a part of beam reflection, a part of transmission; Transmitted light beam is assembled through too high reflective face once more, and light beam is once more through behind the high anti-optical surface in arrowband, some beam reflection; Part transmission, its folded light beam becomes parallel beam again behind the optical surface near the human eye pupil, and emergent pupil is positioned at human eye pupil place; Extraneous light gets into optical combiner from the optical surface near extraneous light, behind the high anti-optical surface in arrowband, and a part of beam reflection; Part transmission, transmitted light beam gets into the human eye pupil.
3. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 2 is characterized in that: high reflective in described arrowband in the face of the reflection of light rate of 494-544nm wave band greater than 70%, the transmitance of other visible light wave range is greater than 90%.
4. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 3 is characterized in that: reflective of said height is 100% in the face of the reflection of light rate of 494-544nm wave band.
5. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gummed mirror is a plano-convex lens, flat one side is with the micro-display gummed and perpendicular to optical axis, protruding one side is a sphere.
6. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described micro-display is a display of organic electroluminescence, and its resolution is 852 * 600, and display brightness is 1500cd/m
2, half spectral width is 50nm, i.e. 494nm-544nm.
7. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the effective focal length of this optical system is 30mm; Field angle 25
; Emergent pupil is apart from 21mm; Exit pupil diameter 10mm; Wavelength 494
544nm, peak value 520mm.
8. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gummed material therefor is cold refined resin.
9. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the right-angle prism of said gummed mirror, two miter angles and the used optical material of concave mirror are optical plastic.
10. the optical system of a kind of Helmet Mounted Display according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the right-angle prism of said gummed mirror, two miter angles and the used optical material of concave mirror are PMMA.
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