CN102458236A - 高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器及其使用方法 - Google Patents

高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN102458236A
CN102458236A CN2010800293197A CN201080029319A CN102458236A CN 102458236 A CN102458236 A CN 102458236A CN 2010800293197 A CN2010800293197 A CN 2010800293197A CN 201080029319 A CN201080029319 A CN 201080029319A CN 102458236 A CN102458236 A CN 102458236A
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high reliability
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霍曼·哈菲奇
欧阳洁仪
罗伯特·达克
玛丽亚·霍伦
蒂莫西·罗伯森
本尼迪克特·科斯特洛
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Abstract

提供具有高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器。可摄入事件标记器的方面包括支撑件、控制电路、第一电化学材料、第二电化学材料及膜。另外,可摄入事件标记器可包括赋予可摄入事件标记器高可靠性的一个或多个部件。此外,可摄入事件标记器可包括活性剂。在一些方面,活性剂(如药物活性剂或诊断剂)可与膜结合。

Description

高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器及其使用方法
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35U.S.C.§119(e),本申请要求提交日为2009年4月28日的美国临时专利申请系列第61/173,511号和提交日为2009年4月28日的美国临时专利申请系列第61/173,564号的优先权,上述申请的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
在医疗和非医疗应用中存在许多例子,在这些例子中需要记录个人事件,即对给定的个体特有的事件。可能希望记录对给定的个体特有的事件的医疗应用的实例,包括但不限于所关注的一个或多个生理参数(包括疾病症状、药物施用等)的发生。需要记录对给定的个体特有的事件的非医疗应用的实例,包括但不限于:某些类型的食物的摄入(例如用于正在控制饮食的个体)、开始锻炼方案等。
因为存在希望记录个人事件的许多例子,因此已研发了多种不同的方法和技术以使这种记录成为可能。例如,已研发了日志和技术,其中诸如患者和/或提供给他们的医疗保健等个体可例如通过手动书写或数据输入来记载事件的时间和日期。
然而,持续存在在个人事件监测方面改善的需要。例如,当事件发生时手动写日志可能耗费时间并且易于出错。
发明内容
提供具有高可靠性的事件标记器,例如可摄入事件标记器。事件标记器的方面包括:支撑件;控制电路,其与支撑件物理结合以控制高可靠性的事件标记器;第一电化学材料,其与支撑件物理结合并电耦接至控制电路;第二电化学材料,其电耦接至控制电路并在与第一材料的位置不同的位置与支撑件物理结合,使得第一和第二电化学材料相互电隔离;以及膜,其物理结合至支撑件并且相对于第一电化学和第二电化学材料定位以产生大于由第一和第二电化学材料所限定的实际偶极长度的虚拟偶极长度。
附图说明
图1A至1F提供根据本发明不同方面的多种IEM构型的视图。
图2A和2B提供包括具有可展开臂的膜的IEM的图示。
图3提供IEM的视图,其中IEM部件相对于膜偏心定位。
图4提供具有定位于膜的一侧上的配重的IEM的视图。
图5提供具有定位于膜侧面上的吸水膨胀型部件的IEM的视图。
图6A和6B提供结合入泡腾结构的不同IEM构型的视图。
图7A、7B和8提供不同视角的具有片剂构型的IEM。
具体实施方式
提供具有高可靠性的事件标记器,例如可摄入事件标记器(“IEM”,本文有时称为“识别器”)。可摄入事件标记器的方面包括:支撑件;控制电路,其与支撑件物理结合以控制高可靠性的事件标记器;第一电化学材料,其与支撑件物理结合并且电耦接至控制电路;第二电化学材料,其电耦接至控制电路并且在与第一材料的位置不同的位置与支撑件物理结合,使得第一和第二电化学材料相互电隔离;以及膜,其物理结合至支撑件,并且相对于第一电化学和第二电化学材料定位以产生大于由第一和第二电化学材料所限定的实际偶极长度的虚拟偶极长度。
可摄入事件标记器
如上所综述,本发明的可摄入事件标记器(IEM)是高可靠性的。“高可靠性”是指当在预期的应用中使用时,本发明的可摄入事件标记器以80%或更高、例如90%或更高、包括95%或更高的在内的频率正确地产生和发射信号。本发明高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器可以99.5%或更高、例如99.9%或更高的频率正确地产生和发射信号,并且在一些情况下以100%的频率正确地产生和发射信号。如下文进一步说明的,可摄入事件标记器的高可靠性特性可由IEM的一个或多个部件和/或结构特征所产生,如下文更详细地描述。如下文更详细地描述的,IEM的一个或多个部件和/或结构特征可赋予IEM一个或多个以下特性:与适当的控制相比,信号强度增强、使用寿命延长、由胃液进行的润湿增强、由胃肠道(GI)粘膜阻塞的倾向降低、由泡和/或消泡剂阻塞的倾向降低、漂浮的倾向降低。这些期望的特性可通过一个或多个结构特征和/或化学组分赋予给定的IEM,如下文更详细地描述。
可摄入事件标记器是制成可摄入的尺寸的装置,包括由IEM电路元件和膜构成的IEM。IEM还可包括媒介物。药物活性剂可存在于膜和/或媒介物中。由于IEM是制成可摄入的尺寸,因此在某些情况下将它们制成以便于将它们可放入人的嘴中和吞咽的尺寸。在一些情况下,本发明的IEM具有30mm或更低、如20mm或更低、包括5mm或更低的最长尺寸。
所关注的事件标记器(例如可摄入事件标记器)的各个方面在以下申请中有描述,公开号为WO/2006/116718的PCT申请PCT/US2006/016370;公开号为WO/2008/052136的PCT申请PCT/US2007/082563;公开号为WO/2008/063626的PCT申请PCT/US2007/024225;公开号为WO/2008/066617的PCT申请PCT/US2007/022257;公开号为WO/2008/095183的PCT申请PCT/US2008/052845;公开为WO/2008/101107的PCT申请PCT/US2008/053999;公开号为WO/2008/112577的PCT申请PCT/US2008/056296;公开号为WO/2008/112578的PCT申请PCT/US2008/056299;以及公开号为WO/2009/042812的PCT申请PCT/US2008/077753;其公开内容通过引用并入本文。在某些方面,可摄入事件标记器施用给对象之后分解。因此,在某些方面,组合物例如经摄入、注射等递送到身体后被物理分解,例如溶解、降解、腐蚀等。这些方面的构造体不同于配置成被摄入并且能经受住通过胃肠道的运输而基本上(如果不是完全地)完整无损的装置。
高可靠性的事件标记器
在各个方面,高可靠性的事件标记器包括:支撑件;控制电路,其与支撑件物理结合以控制高可靠性的事件标记器;第一电化学材料,其与支撑件物理结合并且电耦接至控制电路;第二电化学材料,其电耦接至控制电路,并且在与第一材料的位置不同的位置与支撑件物理结合,使得第一和第二电化学材料相互电隔离;以及膜,其物理结合至支撑件,并且相对于第一电化学和第二电化学材料定位,以产生大于由第一和第二电化学材料所限定的实际偶极长度的虚拟偶极长度。
高可靠性的事件标记器可配置为,在与目标部位处的流体(如提供例如电势差的导电流体,例如胃液)接触时被致动。在各个方面,控制电路通过改变系统总阻抗的逻辑操作来控制电导。控制电路例如可电耦接至时钟。时钟可对控制电路提供时钟周期。基于控制电路的程序化特性,当经过了设定数量的时钟周期时,控制电路改变这些电化学材料之间的电导特性。可重复此周期,由此控制电路可产生唯一的电流签名特征,本文有时称作“电流签名”。控制电路还可被电耦接至存储器。时钟和存储器均可由当与导电流体接触时在这些材料之间产生的电势能供给电力。
关于电流签名,该电流签名可将一类高可靠性的事件标记器与其它类区分,或可以为普遍上的唯一的,如电流签名与人指纹类似的情况,人指纹与其它任何个体的其它任何指纹不同,因此可在普遍的水平上唯一地确定个体。在各个方面,控制电路可产生多种不同类型的通讯,包括但不限于:RF(射频)信号、磁信号、传导(近场)信号、声信号等。
至此为止在本发明各方面中描述的接收器并不需要在装置与通讯的接收器之间的任何另外的电缆或硬线连接,在本文中有时被称作检测器。
在一些情况下,高可靠性的事件标记器包括用作阴极和阳极的两种不同的电化学材料。当两种不同的电化学材料与体液(如胃液)发生接触时,由于在两种不同的电化学材料处分别发生的氧化反应和还原反应,因此在阴极和阳极之间产生电势差(电压)。组成电化学材料的不同电化学物质可由适于在其中操作IEM电路部件的环境的任何两种材料制成。活性材料是具有不同电化学势的任何一对材料。可以选择电化学材料物质,以在与目标生理部位接触时提供足以驱动IEM电路部件的信号产生元件的电压。在期望的时候,在电源的金属与目标生理部位接触时由两种不同的电化学材料所提供的电压为0.001V或更高,包括0.01V或更高,如0.1V或更高,例如0.3V或更高,包括0.5伏特或更高,并且包括1.0伏特或更高,其中在某些方面,电压在约0.001至约10伏特范围内,如约0.01至约10V范围内。
所关注的阳极材料包括但不限于:镁、锌、钠、锂、铁及其合金,例如Mg的Al和Zn合金,其可以或可以不嵌入多种材料,如用Li、K、Ca、Na、Mg嵌入石墨等。所关注的阴极材料包括但不限于,铜盐(如碘化物、氯化物、溴化物铜盐)、硫酸盐、甲酸盐、Fe3+盐(例如正磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐)等。一种或两种金属可掺杂非金属,例如以提高部分电源或电池的电压输出。在某些方面可用作掺杂剂的非金属包括但不限于:硫、碘等。在某些方面,电化学材料物质是作为阳极的碘化亚铜(CuI)或氯化亚铜(CuCl)和作为阴极的镁(Mg)金属或镁合金。本发明的方面使用对人体无害的电化学材料物质。当材料暴露并与诸如胃酸或其它类型的流体(单独或与干燥的导电介质前体组合)等体液发生接触时,由于两种电化学材料物质分别发生氧化反应和还原反应,因此在电化学材料之间产生电势差,即电压。可由此产生伏打电池或电池。因此,在本发明的实施方式中,这些电源配置为,使得当两种不同的材料暴露于目标部位(例如胃、消化道等)时,产生电压。
所关注的电化学材料物质包括与水性生理液(如胃酸)接触时基本上很少产生(如果产生的话)气泡的材料。所关注的电化学材料物质包括金属合金,其中所关注的合金包括但不限于Mg、Zn、Al和Li的合金。当存在金属合金时,金属合金的量可以在0.01至15重量%,如0.1至15重量%,包括1至15重量%的范围内。一种或多种不同的合金元素可存在于合金中。在一些方面所关注的是“无气泡”的Mg合金,所述“无气泡”的Mg合金是MgAl或MgZn合金,例如但不限于:AZ31镁合金、AZ61镁合金等。
高可靠性的事件标记器(例如IEM)可包括固体支撑件。在某些方面,固体支撑件较小,例如,将其制成为尺寸如下的情况:具有约0.01mm至约20mm,例如约0.1mm至约10mm,包括约0.5mm至约2mm范围的宽度;约0.01mm至约20mm,例如约0.1mm至约20mm,包括约0.5mm至约2mm范围的长度;以及约0.01mm至约10mm,例如约0.05mm至约2mm,包括约0.1mm至约0.5mm范围的高度。固体支撑元件可采用多种不同构型,例如但不限于:芯片构型、圆筒构型、球形构型、盘式构型等,其中可基于预期应用、制造方法等选择特定的构型。虽然制造固体支撑件的材料可有很大的变化,但在某些方面固体支撑件由半导体材料(例如硅)制成。
短语“单集成电路”是指包括用于装置的所有期望的不同功能块的单一电路结构。在这些方面,集成电路是单片集成电路(也称作IC、微电路、微芯片、硅芯片、计算机芯片或芯片),其为被制造在半导体材料的薄基材的表面上的微型化的电子电路(其可包括半导体装置以及无源部件)。本发明的某些方面的集成电路可以是混合式集成电路,其为由结合到基材或电路板的各个半导体装置以及无源部件构造的微型化电子电路。
可采用任何便利的方案制造IEM。所关注的IEM制造方案包括但不限于,公开号为WO/2006/116718的PCT申请PCT/US2006/016370;公开号为WO/2008/052136的PCT申请PCT/US2007/082563;公开号为WO/2008/063626的PCT申请PCT/US2007/024225;公开号为WO/2008/066617的PCT申请PCT/US2007/022257;公开号为WO/2008/095183的PCT申请PCT/US2008/052845;公开号为WO/2008/101107的PCT申请PCT/US2008/053999;公开号为WO/2008/112577的PCT申请PCT/US2008/056296;公开号为WO/2008/112578的PCT申请PCT/US2008/056299;以及PCT申请PCT/US2008/077753中所述的制造方案,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
给定的IEM可包括单个IEM,或两个或更多个IEM,如三个或更多个、四个或更多个、五个或更多个、六个或更多个、七个或更多个、八个或更多个、九个或更多个、或十个或更多个IEM。
在一些情况下,IEM可包括用来以期望方式控制IEM的微环境的可膨胀或吸水涂层。在某些情况下,作为可膨胀涂层所关注的是水凝胶涂层。水凝胶涂层是由一种或多种不同类型的非水溶性聚合物制成的聚合物涂层,其中所述涂层在与水性介质接触时吸水以产生具有高含水量(如90%或更高w/w,包括95%或更高w/w,如99%或更高w/w)的水合凝胶结构。任何生理上可接受的水凝胶组合物可用作涂层,其中所关注的水凝胶组合物可包括一种或多种以下聚合物:聚氧化乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯酯等。在一些情况下,水凝胶涂层可包括当可摄入事件标记器到达目标生理部位时提供适于受控环境(例如在电导率或pH方面)的一种或多种制剂。所关注的制剂包括但不限于:生理上可接受的电解质的盐,例如但不限于钠离子、氯离子、钾离子和钙离子、镁离子等。具体所关注的生理上相容的盐包括但不限于:KCl、NaCl、MgCl2等。期望的pH可在1至8,如2至7的范围内,并且可因任何适当的缓冲剂的存在而赋予。
涂层可采用多种不同的构型,如层、卡合预制胶囊部件等。当存在涂层时,涂层可仅覆盖可摄入事件标记器的一部分或包封整个装置。涂层在厚度方面可以是均一的。
IEM可包括至少一对信号传输元件,例如呈第一和第二电化学材料的形式的至少一对信号传输元件,其具有实际偶极长度。还存在例如在传输元件对之间产生大于实际偶极长度的虚拟偶极长度的膜。膜(本文有时称作“放大器”)除了控制材料之间的电流通路的大小之外,还用于增加电流通路的“长度”,并从而起到促进电导通路的作用,如2008年9月25日提交的名称为“In-Body Device with Virtual Dipole SignalAmplification”的美国专利申请12/238,345和2009年9月21日提交的名称为“Communication System with Partial Power Source”的美国专利申请12/564,017中所公开的那样,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。替代地,贯穿本文的公开内容,术语“膜”和“放大器”与术语“电流通路延长器”可互换而不影响本文的范围或本方面和权利要求。虽然由膜提供的虚拟偶极的长度可改变,但在某些情况下虚拟偶极的长度比传输元件对之间存在的实际偶极的长度长到两倍或更多倍,如三倍或更多倍,例如五倍或更多倍,20倍或更多倍等。由于在给定的IEM中实际偶极的长度在某些情况下可在100μm至2cm,如300μm至1mm范围内改变,在某些情况下,虚拟偶极的长度可在200μm至20cm,如600μm至20mm范围内。除了IEM之外,本发明还包括膜,其中该膜包括药物活性剂。
膜可具有多种不同构型,只要它用于提供这样的虚拟偶极,所述虚拟偶极具有比两个或更多个(如一对)信号传输元件之间的实际偶极长度长的长度。在某些方面,膜是定位于信号传输元件对之间的结构。膜可具有二维或三维构型,并且可具有任何方便的形状,如正方形、圆盘形、三角形、卵形、不规则形等,如以下更详细地说明。在某些情况下,由信号放大元件提供的虚拟偶极的长度根据信号放大元件的特定形状而定。例如,在信号放大元件具有圆盘形构型的情况下,如下更详细地说明,虚拟偶极的长度与圆盘形的半径基本上相同(如果不是完全相同)。
在某些情况下,传输元件对是设置于固体支撑件(例如固体支撑件包括集成电路的情况)的相对侧上的一对电化学材料。例如,在集成电路具有位于集成电路的相对的侧面或表面上的上部电化学材料和下部电化学材料的情况下,膜可以是定位于上部电化学材料和下部电化学材料之间的绝缘材料(或复合材料)。膜的外边缘可以或可以不延伸超出电化学材料的边缘,以下更详细地概述这些不同方面的示例。
图1A提供根据本发明具有膜的IEM的方面的视图,所述膜延伸超出膜的外边缘以提供虚拟偶极,所述虚拟偶极具有比膜之间的实际偶极长的长度。如在图1A中所示,IEM 10包括集成电路2,所述集成电路2具有上部电化学材料4(其可包括两个不同的材料层)和下部电化学材料6。还显示了圆盘形的膜8。图1B提供在图1A中所示的IEM的俯视图,绘示出上部电化学材料4的圆盘形状及上部电化学材料在圆盘形膜8中心的定位。膜的边缘可延伸超出电化学材料的边缘的距离可改变,并且在某些方面是0.05mm或更多,例如0.1mm或更多,包括1.0mm或更多,如5.0mm或更多并且包括10mm或更多,其中在某些方面该距离可不超过100mm。
如在图1A至1B中所述的方面可看出,上部电化学材料和下部电化学材料是平面形电化学材料,其中这些电化学材料可具有任何方便的形状,例如正方形、圆盘形等。圆盘形的膜或放大器8是平面圆盘结构,其中膜的边缘延伸超出平面形的上部电化学材料和下部电化学材料的边缘。在绘示的方面,膜的半径比上部电化学材料和下部电化学材料的半径长例如1mm或更多,如10mm或更多。
膜可具有“二维”或“三维”构型。所关注的膜构型进一步描述于公开号为WO2009/042812的PCT申请PCT/US2008/077753以及美国临时申请61/142,849和61/173,511中;其公开内容通过引用并入本文。在一些情况下,本发明的IEM包括具有如下构型的膜,所述构型被选择为能降低与目标生理部位接触后对信号破坏事件的易感性。可能会发生的信号破坏事件的类型之一是IEM粘附到胃肠(GI)道的壁(如胃壁)上的情况,由此阻止了IEM与目标生理部位处的流体的自由相互作用。膜可配置为阻碍粘附到胃肠道壁的三维形状。一种这样的构型在图1C和1D中示出。图1C提供IEM 10的剖面图,IEM 10包括IEM电路部件12和具有反向的弯曲边缘16和18的膜14。图1E和1F提供另外类型的膜的图,其具有阻碍粘附到胃肠道壁的三维形状。在图1E中,IEM 10包括在膜14中央定位的IEM电路部件12。膜14包括突出部分15,突出部分15防止IEM电路部件12的底侧平躺在胃肠道壁上。在图1F中,IEM 10包括在膜14上中央处定位的IEM电路部件12,其中膜14具有内凹构型,其防止IEM电路部件的底侧平躺在胃肠道壁上。
替代地,膜可包括用于防止IEM粘附到胃肠道壁上的一个或多个能展开元件。这种IEM的示例在图2A中示出,其绘示出具有IEM电路部件22和膜24的IEM 20。还在图2A中示出具有相反的构型的能展开元件26和28。因为这些元件是可展开的,所以摄入IEM之前它们以第一构型形式存在,摄入之后它们展开到第二位置。在图2B中绘示出可展开构型,其中示出了图2A的IEM 20具有与膜24表面联接的臂26的端部27,臂26的端部27例如用与水性流体接触时溶解的生理上可接受的胶25与膜24的表面联接。关于在图2B中所示的IEM,当与目标生理液(如胃液)接触时,胶溶解以展开臂,使得IEM呈现在图2A中所示的构型。
在又一所关注的构型中,IEM电路部件相对于膜偏心地定位。这种IEM的示例在图3中示出,其中IEM 30包括偏心地定位在膜34中的IEM电路部件32。
在期望的时候,可将一个或多个促进IEM在液体环境中(如当存在于胃液中时)的运动的部件与膜结合。例如,IEM可具有与膜偏心地结合的配重。这种构型的示例在图4中示出。在图4中,IEM 40包括IEM电路部件42和膜44。还示出配重46,其与膜偏心地结合。与流体接触时,该配重用于使IEM沿箭头方向移动,使得IEM沉入流体并浸没入流体。在图4所示的方面中,配重的密度大于胃液的密度,并且用于将与该配重结合的IEM的一边相对于IEM的相对边向下拉。替代配重,IEM可具有偏心地定位在膜上的可膨胀部件,可膨胀部件与水性流体接触时,以使得其密度相对于胃液而减小的方式膨胀并且将IEM的一边相对于相对边提起。这种IEM的示例在图5中示出,其中IEM 50包括IEM电路部件52和膜54以及吸水膨胀型部件56。吸水膨胀型部件56在水性条件下膨胀,以如箭头所示地将IEM的一边相对于相对边提起。
当IEM存在于液体环境(如目标生理液)中时,为了促进其运动,可将在与目标生理液接触后产生气泡的泡腾结构与膜的一个或多个位置结合。一个或多个不同的泡腾结构可与膜结合。所关注的膜是包括与膜的相对两侧结合的两个不同的泡腾结构的膜,使得第一泡腾结构存在于膜的第一侧并且第二泡腾结构存在于膜的第二侧上。按这种取向,泡腾结构在产生气泡时,由于施加在膜的多个边缘上的相反的力而迫使IEM在液体环境中转动。包括泡腾结构的IEM的例子在图6A和6B中示出。图6A示出IEM 60,其具有在膜64中央处定位的IEM电路部件62。还示出与生理液接触时产生气泡的泡腾结构66和68,如所示。气泡对膜的多个边缘施加相反的力,导致IEM如箭头所示地转动。在图6B中,IEM 63与图6A的IEM 60类似,不同处在于膜具有弯曲边缘65和67。泡腾结构可包括生理上可接受的并且与水性流体(如胃液)接触时产生气泡的任何方便的泡腾材料。泡腾材料可产生多种气体,如二氧化碳、氢气、氧气等。在一些情况下所关注的泡腾材料是包括镁的泡腾材料,其与水性生理液接触后产生氢气。其它所关注的泡腾材料包括酸源,例如但不限于食物酸、酸和水合抗酸剂(hydrite antacid),例如柠檬酸、酒石酸、柔和酸、延胡索酸、己二酸和琥珀酸。所关注的碳酸盐源包括但不限于,干燥固体碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐,如碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钾和碳酸钾、碳酸镁等。
膜可由许多不同材料制造,其中膜可由单一材料、或两种或更多种不同类型的材料的复合材料制成。在选择适当的材料时,所关注的一个特性是机械强度。如上所指出,膜材料可以是两种或更多种材料形成的复合结构,例如沉积在金属层上的绝缘材料。
在某些情况下,膜将具有足以承受通常来自胃肠(GI)道的机械力、而不自我折叠并且丧失其形状的机械强度。可以选择这种期望的机械强度,使这种期望的机械强度在至少通讯的持续时间内得以维持,其可以是1秒或更长,如至少1分钟或更长,长达6小时或更长。在某些方面,选择期望的机械强度以维持1至30分钟范围的时间段。期望的机械强度可通过适当地选择聚合物或填料或机械设计(例如,多层的层压,或放大器表面的曲率)来实现,以提高最终结构的机械强度。
本发明的膜是电绝缘的膜。因此,制造该膜的材料是电绝缘材料。如果给定材料的电阻率比该装置操作于其中的介质(例如胃液)的电阻率高2倍或更高,如10倍或更高,包括比该装置操作于其中的介质的电阻率高100倍或更高,则给定的材料是电绝缘的。
所关注的该膜的另外的特性包括可摄入性和低的阻塞风险。期望该膜由安全并且可摄入的材料(如食物添加剂或药物赋形剂)制成。还可期望以确保使胃肠道被一个或多个装置阻塞的风险较低的方式,来制造该膜。这可通过放大器材料的化学或物理溶解或消化,或膜的机械分解,或两者的组合来实现。例如,膜可包括一种或多种材料,上述一种或多种材料在一段时间后以化学或物理方式溶解于GI流体中。还可选择材料,以使上述材料在到达胃肠道的化学环境不同的某些部分时变成可溶解的,其中胃肠道的化学环境不同例如为pH的改变(例如,从胃中的pH 1-2改变为肠内的pH>5)或酶组分(如存在于结肠中的酶)的改变。该膜还可以机械方式设计成具有溶解并使整个结构分解掉的薄弱点。该膜可由若干层构成,例如可溶解或膨胀的内层及控制该内层的溶解速率的外层;在一段时间之后,内层溶解或膨胀,使整个结构破裂开。该膜并不需要是完全可溶解的或可消化的以消除阻塞的风险;该膜在胃肠道内受到中度的机械应变时就折叠或断裂而变成足够的机械地易曲折或易碎的,就已足够。
在某些方面,膜还可用作活性药剂的存储器。膜然后将具有增加偶极和用作药储藏处的双重作用。如上所概述,所关注的膜包括一定数量的药物活性剂。短语“药物活性剂”(本文还称作药)是指与活的生物(例如哺乳动物,如人)接触时产生生理学上的结果(例如有利的或有用的结果)的化合物或化合物的混合物。药物活性剂与赋形剂、载体、稀释剂、润滑剂、粘结剂及其它配制辅助剂,以及胶囊包封或其它保护组分,是可区别的。药物活性剂可以是能够在活的对象中调节生物过程的任何分子及其结合部分或片段。在某些方面,药物活性剂可以是用于疾病的诊断、治疗或预防中的物质或作为药物组分的物质。在某些方面,药物活性剂可以是影响中枢神经系统并且引起行为改变的化学物质,如麻醉剂或致幻剂。
存在于膜中的药物活性剂的量可改变。在一些情况下,存在于膜中的药物活性剂的总量可在0.01至100重量%的范围内。所关注的特定药物活性剂包括但不限于以下所述和所列的药物活性剂。
根据膜的具体构型,药物活性剂在膜中的配置可改变。例如,可将活性剂均匀地分散在膜中。替代地,可将活性剂限制于膜中的特定位置,使得膜包括具有药物活性剂的区域和不具有药物活性剂的区域。这种膜的一个示例是多孔性膜,其中该膜上的孔被填入药物活性剂。在这些方面中,膨胀后的孔隙度可在5至75%或更大的范围内。
在一些情况下,膜配置为提供对存在于膜中的药物活性剂的受控释放。通过“受控释放”来表示膜配置为使得药物活性剂与目标生理部位接触时以预定的方式从膜中释放出来。换言之,药物活性剂与目标生理部位接触时以一种已预定的方式(如以在一段延长的时间内等方式)从膜中释放出来。因此,药物活性剂在一段时间内以预定的时间间隔或逐渐地从该膜中释放出来。
膜可配置为采用多种不同方法提供对药物活性剂的受控释放。例如,当膜是均质结构时,可以选择信号部件或膜的成分以提供药物活性剂从膜中的受控释放。替代地,在膜是多孔的情况下,可选择孔隙度以赋予膜期望的受控释放特性。
在另外其它例子中,可利用一个或多个涂层以赋予膜受控释放的特性。在一些情况下,活性剂从膜中的释放曲线受施加于膜上的单一涂层控制。在另外其它方面,膜可包括两个或更多个不同的涂层。在另外其它例子中,涂层可由提供期望的受控释放曲线的部分或完全可溶性聚合物基质材料来制造。所关注的涂层包括以下更详细地描述的涂层。
在某些情况下,膜具有多层构型。可以多种不同方式配置多层的膜构型。在一些方面,多层膜的两个或更多个不同的层可包括相同的活性剂,其中多层构型(例如两个不同的层具有不同的组成)提供期望的活性剂受控释放曲线。在这些方面,在每个活性剂包括层中活性剂的量可以是相同的或不同的。在另外其它方面,多层膜的两个或更多个层可包括不同活性剂。
在期望的时候,多层膜的每个层可包括IEM。在这种情况下,给定的IEM将具有多层膜,其中不同的IEM存在于多层膜的两个或更多个层中。
在期望的时候,膜可配置为,使得活性剂从膜中的释放与事件标记器的致动相关联,使得IEM致动和通讯与活性剂的释放同时发生,如精确地开始从膜中释放活性剂。
如下将更详细的说明,IEM的其它部件可配置为赋予与膜结合的活性剂受控释放曲线,其中这些其它部件可替代上述膜受控释放部件或与上述膜受控释放部件结合存在。例如,在IEM包括媒介物的情况下(如片剂或胶囊),媒介物可配置为控制活性剂从膜中的释放。
膜可由多种材料、多种材料的类别和/或多种材料的组合制造。所关注的材料类别包括,例如但不限于:基质材料、填充材料、可溶性崩解剂材料、增塑剂、涂层和润湿剂。
膜的表面还可包括抗粘附层,其防止传递物粘附于胃粘膜或被胃肠道中的物体(如食物残渣)所阻塞。抗粘附层还可用于防止两个或更多个装置相互粘附和阻碍相互间的通讯。
在各个方面,膜可由多种材料、多种材料的类别和/或多种材料的组合制造。所述类别包括,例如但不限于:成膜剂或粘结剂/粘合剂、填料、可溶性材料或崩解剂、增塑剂、涂层和润湿剂。
成膜剂或粘结剂/粘合剂包括,例如但不限于:琼脂;角叉菜聚糖;醋酸纤维素;壳聚糖;共聚维酮;乙基纤维素;明胶;树胶类(例如阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶等);糖类(例如乳糖、甘露醇、木糖醇等);水凝胶(例如,羟乙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、尿烷等);丙烯酸聚合物、醋酸纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基丙烯酸共聚物、甲基羟乙基纤维素、聚乙二醇、聚醋酸乙烯酞酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚维酮、淀粉、卡波姆、糊精、羟丙甲纤维素、聚(甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐)、壳聚糖、单油酸甘油酯、聚氧化乙烯、聚卡波非、阿拉伯胶、长角豆胶(ceretonia)、糖粉、棉籽油、葡萄糖结合剂、右旋糖、山嵛酸甘油酯、氢化植物油、羟丙基淀粉、菊粉、乳糖、葡萄糖、硅酸铝镁、麦芽糊精、麦芽糖、甲基纤维素、泊洛沙姆、聚卡波非、聚右旋糖、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、硬脂酸、蔗糖、葵花油、玉米蛋白、硬脂酸铝、硅酸钙、胶体二氧化硅、硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯、果胶、聚乙烯烷基醚、碳酸丙烯酯、抗坏血酸钠、醋酸锌、尿烷、藻酸铵、马来酸氯苯那敏、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、癸二酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、乳酸乙酯、香草醛、虫胶等。
填料包括,例如但不限于:氧化物,例如二氧化钛、氧化镁等;硅酸盐,例如硅酸镁;磷酸盐,例如磷酸二钙;碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐;淀粉;纤维素材料,例如微晶纤维素;阿拉伯胶、琼脂、海藻酸、卡波姆、羧甲基纤维素、角叉菜聚糖、酞酸醋酸纤维素、长角豆胶、壳聚糖、糖粉、共聚维酮、棉籽油、葡萄糖结合剂、糊精、右旋糖、乙基纤维素、明胶、山嵛酸甘油酯、瓜尔豆胶、氢化植物油、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基淀粉、羟丙甲纤维素、菊粉、乳糖、葡萄糖、硅酸铝镁、麦芽糊精、麦芽糖、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、泊洛沙姆、聚卡波非、聚右旋糖、聚氧化乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚维酮、海藻酸钠、淀粉、硬脂酸、蔗糖、葵花油、玉米蛋白、膨润土、硬脂酸钙、卡波姆、纤维素、胶体二氧化硅、高岭土、麦芽糖醇、芝麻油、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、山梨糖醇酯、黄芪胶、黄原胶、甘露醇、藻酸铵、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、硫酸钙、纤维素、醋酸纤维素、赤藓糖醇、果糖、富马酸、硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯、异麦芽酮糖醇、高岭土、乳糖醇、碳酸镁、氧化镁、甘露醇、二甲基硅油、海藻糖、木糖醇等。
可溶性材料或崩解剂包括,例如但不限于:藻酸盐(例如钠盐或钙盐);交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、交聚维酮、羟丙基、纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、乳糖甘露醇、聚乙烯醇、及盐如氯化钠或氯化钾、海藻酸、海藻酸钙、羧甲基纤维素、纤维素、壳聚糖、胶体二氧化硅、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交聚维酮、多库酯钠、瓜尔豆胶、羟丙基纤维素、硅酸铝镁、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、波拉克林钾、聚维酮、海藻酸钠、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、淀粉等。
增塑剂包括,例如但不限于癸二酸二丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、和三醋精、柠檬酸乙酰三丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰三乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯、酞酸醋酸纤维素、氯代丁醇、糊精、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、癸二酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、甘油、单硬脂酸甘油酯、酞酸羟甲基纤维素、甘露醇、矿物油、羊毛脂醇、棕榈酸、聚乙二醇、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚酞酸醋酸乙烯酯、丙二醇、2-吡咯烷酮、山梨醇、硬脂酸、三醋精、柠檬酸三丁酯、三乙醇胺、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
涂层包括,例如但不限于:聚甲基丙烯酸酯(pH敏感型)和聚酞酸醋酸乙烯酯(pH敏感型)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(防湿层)、柠檬酸乙酰三丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰三乙酯、碳酸钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、棕榈蜡、醋酸纤维素、酞酸醋酸纤维素、鲸蜡醇、壳聚糖、乙基纤维素、果糖、明胶、甘油、山嵛酸甘油酯、硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、酞酸羟丙甲纤维素、异麦芽酮糖醇、葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糊精、甲基纤维素、微晶蜡、石蜡、泊洛沙姆、聚右旋糖、聚乙二醇、聚酞酸醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚维酮、虫胶、蔗糖、氧化钛、柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、香草醛、木糖醇、玉米蛋白、滑石、三乙醇胺、藻酸铵、马来酸氯苯那敏、共聚维酮、乳酸乙酯等。当存在时,涂层可在.1至200μm厚,如1至100或1至100μm的厚度范围内。所关注的涂层是与目标生理部位接触时调节药物活性剂从膜中释放的涂层。
润湿剂包括,例如,聚乙二醇、多库酯钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚氧化乙烯、卵磷脂、泊洛沙姆、和聚维酮、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶(cethylpyridiniumchloride)、多库酯钠、羟丙甲纤维素、泊洛沙姆、聚乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、山梨糖醇酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、西吡氯铵、环糊精、单硬脂酸甘油酯、卵磷脂、葡甲胺、泊洛沙姆、聚维酮、碳酸氢钠、硬脂酸、磺丁基醚β-环糊精等。
膜的表面还可包括抗粘附层,其防止IEM粘附到胃粘膜或被胃肠道中的物体(如食物残渣)所阻塞。抗粘附层还可用于防止两种或更多种装置相互粘附并阻碍相互间的通讯。在这些方面,所关注的用于抗粘附层的材料包括但不限于:乙基纤维素、微晶纤维素、纤维素衍生物、硅酸盐(例如硅酸镁或硅酸铝)、氧化物(例如氧化钛)等。如上所指出,可利用上述材料或其类似材料的混合物。
在某些方面所关注的是抗粘附层。在这些方面,所关注的用于抗粘附层的材料包括但不限于:乙基纤维素、微晶纤维素、纤维素衍生物、硅酸盐(例如硅酸镁或硅酸铝)、氧化物(例如氧化钛)等。如上所指出,可利用上述材料或其类似材料的混合物。
膜可使用任何方便的方案制造。所关注的膜制造方案包括但不限于PCT/US08/77753中所描述的方案,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
媒介物
可摄入事件标记器还可包括与IEM和膜稳固结合的媒介物组分。媒介物组分可以是任何方便的生理上可接受的载体组合物。通过“生理上可接受的载体组合物”来表示可摄入的组合物,其中该组合物可以是固体或流体。所关注的固体媒介物的构型包括片剂和胶囊构型。媒介物组分,当存在时,可由多种不同材料制造。所关注的材料可见于Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mace Publishing Company,Philadelphia,Pa.,第17版(1985)。
如上所概述,本发明的可摄入事件标记器可将一个或多个IEM/膜部件与媒介物相组合,其中媒介物可以是任何方便的生理上可接受的载体组分。在一些情况下,媒介物组分配置为赋予与膜结合的药物活性剂受控释放曲线。例如,IEM/膜部件可存在于固体片剂媒介物中,其中该固体片剂在IEM与目标生理部位接触某一段时间之后分解,以使存在于IEM中的任何活性剂释放。
即使在不施用活性剂的那些方面,媒介物也可存在。在一些方面,存在媒介物以提高IEM的可摄入性。通过使IEM与诸如片剂或胶囊等媒介物(其可制成常规的尺寸或更小)稳固地结合,可避免IEM粘附到嘴巴里。在一些情况下,媒介物是小型片剂(即迷你片剂),其例如用生理上可接受的粘合剂粘附到可摄入事件标记器。
在一些情况下,IEM由与具有片剂构型的固体媒介物组分稳固地结合的IEM组成。在这些例子中,所关注的是片剂媒介物组分,其被配置成在IEM与目标生理部位接触时促进电化学材料或IEM电化学材料与流体的接触。在这种片剂构型中,片剂可包括一个或多个流体通道,如凹槽、沟道、管或类似结构,流体通道用于将流体从IEM环境输送至与片剂媒介物结合的电化学材料处。所关注的通道构型也可配置为,将电化学材料组分处产生的任何气泡输送离开电化学材料组分和/或妨碍在电化学材料组分处形成气泡。在这些例子中,IEM配置为使得电化学材料相对于通道定位,使得通道中的流体接触电化学材料。这种IEM的示例在图7中示出。在图7中,IEM 70包括与片剂媒介物组分74的上表面稳固地结合的IEM 71(由IEM电路部件72和膜73组成)。还示出沟道75和76,其配置成提供到IEM电路部件72下面的电化学材料组分的流体通道。图7B提供IEM 70的截面图。在给定的片剂构型中,片剂可包括一个或多个流体通道,其中多个流体通道可根据期望交叉以提供期望的气泡运动。图8提供另一种IEM 80的俯视图,其中片剂媒介物组分81包括流体通道85、86、87和88,它们在由IEM电路部件84和膜82组成的IEM 83的底下交叉。
在包括一个或多个流体通道的IEM构型中,给定的流体通道可以是空的,以便在IEM与流体接触时,流体向电化学材料组分的接近不受抑制。替代地,流体通道中可填入将流体从环境输送至电化学材料组分的材料,如将流体从一个位置芯吸(wick)到另一位置的材料,吸收流体的水凝胶材料等。当期望时,可存在控制电导率的盐或其它制剂。
药物活性剂
在期望的时候,IEM可包括药物活性剂。如上所指出,药物活性剂,当存在时,可存在于媒介物和/或膜中。如上所概述,本发明的膜包括一定量的活性剂,如药物活性剂或诊断剂。
“药物活性剂”包括与活的生物(例如哺乳动物,如人)接触时产生生理学上的结果(例如有利的或有用的结果)的任何化合物或化合物的混合物。药物活性剂(本文还可称为“药”)与诸如赋形剂、载体、稀释剂、润滑剂、粘结剂和其它配制辅助剂以及胶囊包封或其它保护组分之类的组分是可区别的。药物活性剂可以是能够调节活的对象中的生物学过程的任何分子以及其结合部分或片段。在某些方面,药物活性剂可以是用于疾病的诊断、治疗或预防的物质或作为药物组分的物质。在某些方面,药物活性剂可以是影响中枢神经系统和引起行为改变的化学物质,如麻醉剂或致幻剂。
药物活性剂能够与活的对象中的靶相互作用。靶可以是许多不同类型的天然存在的结构,其中所关注的靶包括细胞内靶和细胞外靶。这种靶可以是蛋白质、磷脂、核酸等,其中蛋白质特别受关注。所关注的特定蛋白质靶包括但不限于,酶(例如激酶、磷酸酶、还原酶、环氧化酶、蛋白酶等),包括参与蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的结构域(如SH2(Srchomology 2)、SH3(Src homology 3)、PTB(phosphotyrosine binding))和PDZ结构域)的靶、结构蛋白(例如肌动蛋白、微管蛋白等)、膜受体、免疫球蛋白(例如IgE)、细胞粘着受体(如整合素等)、离子通道、跨膜运输泵、转录因子、信号蛋白等。
药物活性剂可包括与靶进行结构相互作用必需的一种或多种官能团,例如疏水、亲水、静电或甚至共价相互作用期望的基团,这根据具体的药及其预期的靶而定。在靶是蛋白质的情况下,药物活性剂可包括与蛋白质进行结构相互作用(如氢键结合、疏水-疏水相互作用、静电相互作用等)必需的官能团,并且可包括至少胺、酰胺、巯基、羰基、羟基或羰基,如至少两种化学官能团。
所关注的药物活性剂可包括用一种或多种上述官能团所取代的环碳(cyclicalcarbon)或杂环结构和/或芳香族或聚芳香族结构。同样作为药物活性剂关注的是具有见于生物分子(包括肽、糖、脂肪酸、类固醇、嘌呤、嘧啶及其衍生物、结构类似物或组合等)的结构的化合物。可筛选这些化合物以确定所关注的化合物,其中多种不同筛选方案是本领域已知的。
药物活性剂可衍生自天然存在的或合成的化合物,其可由多种来源(包括合成的或天然的化合物库)获得。例如,多种方法可用来随机和指定地合成多种有机化合物和生物分子,包括制备随机的寡核苷酸和寡肽。替代地,可获得或易于产生呈细菌、真菌、植物和动物提取物的形式的天然化合物库。另外,天然或合成产生的库和化合物易于通过常规的化学、物理和生物方式修饰,并可用于产生组合库。已知的药剂可经受直接或随机的化学修饰(如酰化、烷化、酯化、酰胺化等)以产生结构类似物。
因此,药物活性剂可由天然存在或合成分子的库,包括通过组合方式产生的化合物库,即化合物多样性组合库来获得。当由这种库获得时,使用的药部分将在适当的活性筛选测定中显示一些期望的活性。组合文库,以及用于制备和筛选这种文库的方法,是本领域已知的并且在以下美国专利5,741,713、5,734,018、5,731,423、5,721,099、5,708,153、5,698,673、5,688,997、5,688,696、5,684,711、5,641,862、5,639,603、5,593,853、5,574,656、5,571,698、5,565,324、5,549,974、5,545,568、5,541,061、5,525,735、5,463,564、5,440,016、5,438,119、5,223,409中描述,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
所关注的活性剂的广泛类别包括但不限于:心血管剂、疼痛缓解剂(例如止痛药、麻醉剂、消炎剂等)、神经作用剂(nerve-acting agent)、化学治疗剂(例如抗肿瘤药)、神经治疗剂(例如抗惊厥剂)等。
所关注的药物活性剂包括但不限于:在PCT申请PCT/US2006/016370中所列的药物活性剂,其公开内容所列的药物活性剂通过引用并入本文。
在期望的时候,给定的IEM可包括非活性剂盐组分,所述组分由一种或多种非活性剂盐组成。在一些情况下,选择存在于IEM中的这种盐组分的量,使之足以在IEM接触目标生理部位(如胃)时增强IEM产生的通讯强度。通讯强度增强的幅度可不同,其中在一些情况下,与适当的对照(如由类似的IEM产生的通讯强度,所述类似的IEM与所关注的测试IEM唯一的不同在于缺少盐组分)比较,通讯强度增强的幅度是10X或更多,如20X或更多,包括50X或更多。这种非活性剂盐组分的量足以提供期望的通讯强度增强。非活性剂盐可不同,其中所关注的非活性剂盐包括但不限于:生理上可接受的电解质的盐,例如但不限于;钠离子、氯离子、钾离子和钙离子、镁离子等。所关注的具体的生理上相容的盐包括但不限于:KCl、NaCl、MgCl2等。当存在时,这种非活性剂盐可以是一种或多种以下物质的部分:膜、IEM和媒介物。
消泡剂
同样关注的是消泡剂,消泡剂减小气泡的表面张力。所关注的消泡剂包括但不限于:基于硅油的制剂,如二甲基硅油、山梨糖醇酐倍半油酸酯(sorbitan sesquoleate)等。当存在时,存在于IEM中的消泡剂的量可改变,范围在0.01至10mg,如0.1至100μg,并且包括0.1至10μg。当存在时,这种消泡剂可以是一种或多种以下物质的部分:膜、IEM和媒介物。
表面活性剂
在一些情况下,IEM包括一种或多种表面活性剂。所关注的表面活性剂包括但不限于:离子表面活性剂,如阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂;以及非离子表面活性剂和表面活性生物调节剂。所关注的表面活性剂包括但不限于:蓖麻油衍生物、胆固醇、聚糖酵解甘油酯(polyglycolyzed glyceride)、乙酰化单甘油酯、山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、泊洛沙姆、聚山梨酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯化合物、单甘油酯或其乙氧基化衍生物、二甘油酯或其聚氧乙烯衍生物、多库酯钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、胆酸或其衍生物、乙氧基化醇、乙氧基化酯、乙氧基化酰胺、聚氧丙烯化合物、丙氧基化醇、乙氧基化/丙氧基化嵌段聚合物、丙氧基化酯、烷醇酰胺、胺氧化物、多元醇的脂肪酸酯、乙二醇酯、二甘醇酯、丙二醇酯、甘油酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、SPANTM表面活性剂(如山梨糖醇酯)、TWEENTM表面活性剂(如蔗糖酯)、葡萄糖(右旋糖)酯、碱金属硫酸盐、季铵化合物、酰胺胺和胺酰亚胺、二甲基硅油、卵磷脂、醇、磷脂及它们的混合物。当存在时,表面活性剂组分可以是IEM构造体的0.01至10%,如0.01至100ppm,包括0.1至100ppm。当存在时,表面活性剂可以是一种或多种以下物质的部分:膜、IEM和媒介物。
崩解剂
在一些情况下,IEM构造体包括一种或多种崩解剂。通过崩解剂来表示与目标生理部位接触时促进IEM的至少一些部分(如媒介物或膜)破碎的制剂。因此,当IEM接触流体(如胃液)时,崩解剂可促进IEM媒介物组分(如片剂)的机械破裂。所关注的崩解剂包括但不限于以上所列的崩解剂,如微晶纤维素、淀粉、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸等。当存在时,崩解剂组分可以在IEM构造体的约0.01至15%,如0.01至100ppm,包括0.1至10ppm的范围内。当存在时,崩解剂可以是一种或多种以下物质的部分:膜、IEM和媒介物。
抗氧化剂
IEM构造体还可包括用于增强IEM的储存期稳定性的一种或多种抗氧化剂。所关注的抗氧化剂包括但不限于:生育酚及衍生物、抗坏血酸及衍生物、丁基化羟基茴香醚、丁基化羟基甲苯、富马酸、苹果酸、没食子酸丙酯、偏亚硫酸氢盐(metabisulfate)及衍生物。当存在时,抗氧化剂可以在0.01至10%,如0.01至100ppm并且包括0.1至1ppm的范围内。当存在时,抗氧化剂可以是一种或多种以下物质的部分:膜、IEM和媒介物。
防腐剂
本发明的IEM还可包括防腐剂,例如但不限于,氯化苯甲烃铵及衍生物、苯甲酸、苯甲醇及衍生物、溴硝丙二醇、对羟苯甲酸酯、西曲溴铵、氯己定、甲酚及衍生物、咪脲、苯酚、苯氧乙醇、苯乙基醇、苯汞盐、硫柳汞、山梨酸及衍生物。防腐剂可以以0.01至10mg,如0.1至100μg并且包括0.1至1μg范围的量存在。当存在时,防腐剂可以是一种或多种以下物质的部分:膜、IEM和媒介物。
微环境调节剂
本发明的IEM可包括与目标生理部位接触时调节或控制IEM的微环境的一种或多种微环境调节剂。所关注的微环境调节剂包括但不限于表面活性剂、崩解剂、抗氧化剂和防腐剂。给定的IEM可包括一种或多种这些组分作为微环境调节剂。上文提供了可存在的这些类型的制剂的每种的示例和量。当存在时,微环境调节剂可以是一种或多种以下物质的部分:膜、IEM和媒介物。
余量的可溶/不溶性组分
在一些情况下,本发明的IEM构造体是这样的,其中媒介物的水不溶性与水溶性组分存在一比例,选择该比例以提供期望的特性(如媒介物的溶解性、IEM的操作等)。在一些情况下,水不溶性组分在媒介物中的所占分数(fraction)可以在0.01至1,如0.1至0.9并且包括0.5至0.8的范围内。在一些情况下,可溶解组分在可摄入事件标记器中的所占分数高达90重量%。
吸收部件
可摄入事件标记器可包括吸收流体(例如水)的部件,以增加IEM的重量(例如当IEM接触生理部位处的流体时确保IEM下沉)。这种吸收部件根据期望可以是膜、媒介物、或IEM的一些不同的部件,如覆盖层或涂层。当存在时,这种吸收部件可以由多种适当材料(如以上所列的水凝胶材料)制造。
受控致动元件
本发明的IEM可包括受控致动元件。IEM中提供受控致动的受控致动元件可以对多种不同类型的刺激起反应。所关注的受控致动元件可配置为对其起反应的刺激包括但不限于:液体(湿润)、时间、pH、离子强度、电导率、生物分子(例如存在于胃、小肠、结肠中的特定蛋白质或酶)、血液、温度、特定的辅剂(食物成分,如脂肪、盐或糖或临床上相关共存的其它药物)、胃中的细菌、压力和光。
受控致动元件由提供期望的受控致动功能的一种或多种部件组成,使得受控致动元件对所关注的刺激起反应。组成受控致动元件的部件的性质可以不同。例如,在所关注的刺激是温度的情况下,受控致动元件可以是材料的障碍物,如膜(例如聚合物膜),其溶解度是温度的函数,特别是在体温或体温附近变成可溶的膜。这种膜在室温时可以是不溶于水/不透水的,但是在37℃是可溶于水/可透水的。可用于这种膜的所关注的材料包括但不限于以下所列的聚合物材料。在压力是所关注的刺激的方面中,受控致动元件可以是压敏材料,例如胶囊或壳体(例如,由纤维素材料制成),其具有特定的机械强度,使得在高于压力阈值的压力下,该元件将被压碎,使高可靠性的事件标记器被致动并通讯。在所关注的其它方面,刺激可以是光。例如,刺激可以是附着在肿瘤上的荧光标记。当IEM经过该肿瘤时,受控致动元件可包括为上述标记提供刺激波长的光的部件、并且还包括检测自该标记发射光的部件。可利用任何方便的光源和检测器。当检测器部件检测发射的光时,它将以受控致动的方式致动IEM。
在某些方面,本发明的一个或多个受控致动部件提供受控致动,即,以基本上(如果不是完全)独立于目标部位环境的方式致动,如上所述。在所关注的一个方面,受控致动部件包括干燥的导电介质,其与目标部位流体组合时,在存在第一和第二不同的材料的情况下产生离子介质以致动电池,举例而言,如上所述。当存在时,干燥的导电介质前体可以是多种不同类型的组合物中的任一种。所关注的组合物包括但不限于:生理上可接受的电解质的盐,例如但不限于:钠离子、氯离子、钾离子和钙离子、镁离子等。所关注的特定生理上相容的盐包括但不限于:KCl、NaCl、MgCl2等。本发明的方面包括存在干燥的导电介质前体。当前体是盐时,例如如上所述,可以任何方便的形式提供该干燥的盐,如冻干的盐组合物。
所关注的受控致动元件还描述于公开号为WO 2008/052136的PCT申请PCT/US2007/082563,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
IEM制造
可利用多种制造方案来产生本发明的IEM。当IEM不包括媒介物时,IEM和膜部件可如上所述生产。当IEM还包括媒介物时,IEM可以一些方式与媒介物稳固地结合。通过稳固地结合来表示至少在施用给有需要的对象(例如通过摄入)之前IEM和媒介物相互不分离。IEM可以许多不同方式与媒介物稳固地结合。
所关注的IEM制造方案包括但不限于,描述于PCT申请PCT/US2006/016370和PCT/US08/77753以及美国临时申请61/142,849的IEM制造方案,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
系统
还提供包括IEM和通讯检测部件(例如以接收器的形式,本文有时称为“检测器”)的系统。所关注的接收器是被配置以接收来自IEM的信号的接收器。根据由IEM产生的通讯的性质,检测部件可很大地不同。因此,可配置接收器以接收多种不同类型的通讯,包括但不限于:RF信号、磁信号、传导(近场)信号、声信号等。在某些方面,接收器配置为接收传导自IEM的信号,使得两部件利用患者的身体作为通讯媒介。因此,在IEM和接收器之间传输的信号经过身体,并且要求身体作为传导介质。IEM发射的信号可以通过身体组织传导的交流电(a.c.)电压信号的形式、传输通过对象身体的皮肤和其它身体组织并且从对象身体的皮肤和其它身体组织接收。因此,这些方面不需要任何另外的电缆或硬线连接或甚至无线线路连接来将传感器数据从自主传感器单元传输至系统的中央传输和接收单元及其它部件,因为传感器数据经对象的皮肤和其它身体组织直接交换。这种通讯方案的优点在于,接收器可以被设置在对象的身体的任何期望的位置,由此接收器自动连接至期望的电导体以实现通讯,即,通过由对象的皮肤和其它身体组织所提供的电导体来实施通讯。
接收器可包括多种不同类型的接收器元件,其中接收器元件的性质根据由信号产生元件产生的信号的性质必要地改变。在某些方面,接收器可包括一种或多种电化学材料(如2种或更多种电化学材料、3种或更多种电化学材料)和/或包括多对电化学材料(如2对或更多对、3对或更多对、4对或更多对电化学材料等)用于检测由IEM发射的信号。在某些方面,接收器包括两种或三种电化学材料,它们以彼此间隔一定距离(例如允许电化学材料检测电压差的距离)的方式被分散。任何两种电化学材料之间的距离可改变,并且在某些方面范围为约0.1至约5cm,如约0.5至约2.5cm,例如约1cm。
除了接收元件(如电极电化学材料)之外,本发明的接收器还可包括一个或多个集成电路部件、一个或多个电力部件(如电力接收器或电池)、信号传输部件、外壳部件等。
所关注的接收器包括外部型和植入型接收器。在外部型方面,接收器是在体外的,是指接收器在使用期间存在于身体的外部。在接收器是植入的情况下,接收器是在体内的。接收器配置为,例如在体内或体外,至少在接收器接收来自IEM的发射信号期间,与身体稳固地结合。
在某些方面,接收器配置为提供接收的信号的数据至所述对象外部的位置。例如,接收器可配置为提供数据至外部数据接收器,所述外部数据接收器例如可以是监测器(如床边监测器)、计算机、个人数码助理(PDA)、电话、消息传送装置、智能型手机等的形式。接收器可配置为将接收的信号的数据再传输至所述对象外部的位置。替代地,接收器可配置为由外部询问装置进行询问,以提供接收的信号的数据至外部位置。
所关注的接收器包括但不限于,公开于公开号为WO 2006/116718的PCT申请PCT/US2006/016370、公开号为WO 2008/095183的PCT/US2008/52845、公开号为WO2008/063626的PCT/US2007/024225、PCT/US2008/085048以及美国临时申请61/160,289文献中的接收器,其申请的公开内容(及尤其是接收器部件)通过引用并入本文。
本发明的系统可包括与接收器(在某些方面其可植入或局部施加)不同的外部装置,其中这种外部装置提供许多功能。这种设备可包括对患者提供反馈和适当的临床调节的能力。这种装置可采取许多形式中任一种。例如,该装置可配置为设在与患者相邻的床上,例如床边监测器。其它形式包括但不限于,PDA、电话(如智能电话)、计算机等。在一些情况下,外部装置配置为以可通过传输媒介(如电话线)传输至远端位置(如诊所或中央监测机构)的形式提供药学和生理学信息。该外部装置可读取来自药物摄入报告和生理感测装置(如由心率调节器装置或用来检测药丸的专属植入物所内部产生的报告)的信息,所述信息将于本专利申请的其它部分更详细地描述。外部设备的目的是获得患者的数据并放入外部装置中。该外部设备的一个特性是它能以可通过传输媒介(如电话线)传输至远端位置(如诊所或中央监测机构)的形式提供药学和生理学的信息。
方法
本发明的方面还包括如上所述的使用IEM方法。本发明的方法总体上包括给对象施用IEM,例如通过自己服用或经其他人(如保健从业者)的辅助。一般来说,本发明的方法将包括将IEM放入对象的嘴巴里,使得对象吞咽IEM。以这种方式,对象摄入IEM。多种对象可使用IEM。通常这些对象是“哺乳动物”或“哺乳类”,其中这些术语广泛用来描述哺乳动物纲里的生物,包括肉食动物目(例如狗和猫)、啮齿目(例如小鼠、豚鼠和大鼠),和灵长目(例如人、黑猩猩和猴)。在某些方面,对象是人。
摄入之后,该方法包括例如当IEM接触目标生理部位时,从摄入的IEM发射一个或多个信号。如上所述,发射的信号的性质可很大地不同。在一些情况下,发射的信号为传导发射信号。本发明的方法还可包括接收从IEM发射的信号,例如,在如上所述的接收器处。在一些情况下,接收的信号是传导发射信号。
可在多种不同应用中利用IEM,所述应用可以是医疗和非医疗性质的应用。所关注的应用包括但不限于:监测患者对医嘱治疗方案的遵守、基于患者的遵守性来制定专属的治疗方案、在临床试验中监测患者的遵守性、监测受控物质的使用、监测所关注的个人事件的发生(如症状的发作等)等。所关注的应用还描述于公开号为WO/2006/116718的PCT申请PCT/US2006/016370、公开号为WO/2008/052136的PCT申请PCT/US2007/082563、公开号为WO/2008/063626的PCT申请PCT/US2007/024225、公开号为WO/2008/066617的PCT申请PCT/US2007/022257、公开号为WO/2008/095183的PCT申请PCT/US2008/052845、公开号为WO/2008/101107的PCT申请PCT/US2008/053999、公开号为WO/2008/112577的PCT申请PCT/US2008/056296、公开号为WO/2008/112578的PCT申请PCT/US2008/056299、PCT申请PCT/US2008/077753,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
套件
还提供包括一个或多个如上所述IEM的套件。在具有多个IEM的那些方面中,IEM可包装于单一容器(例如单一的管、瓶、小瓶等)中、或一个或多个剂量可单独包装,使得某些套件可具有多于一个的IEM的容器。在某些方面,套件还可包括如上所述接收器。在某些方面,套件还可包括如上所述的外部监测器装置,其可提供与远端位置(例如医生的办公室、中央设施等)的通讯,所述远端位置获得并处理获得的关于构造体使用的数据。
本套件还可包括如何使用套件的部件来实施主题方法的说明书。说明书可被记载于合适媒介或基材上。例如,说明书可印在基材(如纸或塑料等)上。因此,说明书可作为包装插入物存在于套件中,存在于套件或其部件(即与包装或子包装结合)等的容器的标签中。在其它方面,说明书呈现为存在于适当的计算机可读取存储媒介(例如CD-ROM、磁盘等)上的电子存储数据文件。在另外其它方面,实际说明书并不存在于套件中,而是提供可从远端来源(例如经由网络)获得说明书的方式。这方面的示例是包括网络地址的套件,从网址可查看说明书和/或可下载说明书。与说明书一样,这种用于获得说明书的方式记载于适当的基材上。
本套件的一些或所有部件可包装于适当的包装内以维持无菌性。在主题套件的许多方面,套件的部件被包装于套件容纳元件中,以形成单一并且容易操作的单元,其中套件容纳元件,例如盒子或类似结构,可以是或可以不是气密性容器,举例而言,以进一步保持套件的一些或所有部件的无菌性。
可以理解本发明不限于所述的特定方面,而是可以改变的。还可以理解的是,本文所用的术语仅用于描述特定的方面,而无意限制,因为本发明的范围仅由附加的权利要求来限制。
在提供数值范围的情况下,可以理解,除非上下文清晰说明,该范围的上下限之间的每个中间值以及所阐述范围内的任何其它所陈述的值或中间值均包括在本发明中,其中下限精确到十分位。这些较小范围的上限和下限,在任何特别排除阐述范围内的极限值的条件下,可独立地包括在较小范围内并也包括在本发明内。在所阐述范围包括这些极限值的一个或两个的情况下,将这些所包括的极限值的任一个或两个排除的范围也包括在本发明内
除非另外限定,本文所用的所有科技术语的含义与本发明所属领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。虽然与本文所述的方法和材料相似或等同的任何方法和材料也可用于实施或测试本发明,但现在描述代表性例示的方法和材料。
在该说明书中引用的所有公开文献和专利经引用并入本文中,就像每个单独的公开文献或专利被特别地和单独地说明从而经引用并入,并且经引用并入本文以公开和描述与所引用的公开文献相关的方法和/或材料。对任何公开文献的引用是针对在本发明申请日之前的公开内容,并且不应该理解为承认本发明因先前发明而不是先于这种公开文献。此外,所提供的公开文献的日期可能与可能需要单独确认实际公开文献的日期不同
注意到,如本文所用的以及在所附权利要求中,单数形式的“一”、“一个”以及“该”包括复数事物,除非上下文另外清晰地说明。另外注意,权利要求可撰写成排除任何选择性元素。同样,这种阐述意图用作结合权利要求元素叙述的诸如“仅”、“只”等这种排他性术语使用、或者“否定”限制的使用的前提基础。
本领域技术人员在研读该公开内容时,本文所述的和图示的单独实施方式中的每一个具有分离的部件和特征,在不脱离本发明范围或主旨的情况下,这些分离的部件和特征可易于与其它若干实施方式中的任一个中的特征分开或结合。任何引述的方法均可按照引用事例的顺序、或按照逻辑上可能的任何其它顺序实施。
虽然本发明为了清楚理解的目的已经以图示或示例的方式详细描述,但对于本领域的技术人员而言,在本发明的教导下可以完成某些改变及修饰而不偏离所附权利要求所限定的主旨或范围。
因此,前述仅例示本发明的原理。可以理解,本领域技术人员将能够设计虽然未在本文清楚描述或示出、但体现了本发明原理并且涵盖在本发明主旨和范围内的各种配置。此外,本文叙述的所有示例和条件语言主要用来帮助读者理解本发明原理和发明人贡献的构思以促进本领域发展,并且可以被视为不受限于这些具体描述的示例和条件。此外,本文叙述本发明原理、方面与实施方式及其具体示例的所有阐述意图涵盖本发明的结构和功能方面的等同范围。另外,这种等同范围意图包括现在已知等同范围和将来发展的等同范围,即不管结构如何但执行相同功能的研发出的任何组成部分。因此,本发明的范围无意局限于本文示出和描述的示例性实施方式。相反,本发明的范围和主旨由所附权利要求体现。

Claims (20)

1.一种高可靠性的事件标记器,包括:
支撑件;
控制电路,所述控制电路与所述支撑件物理结合以控制所述高可靠性的事件标记器;
第一电化学材料,所述第一电化学材料与所述支撑件物理结合并且电耦接至所述控制电路;
第二电化学材料,所述第二电化学材料电耦接至所述控制电路,并且在与所述第一材料的位置不同的位置与所述支撑件物理结合,使得所述第一和第二电化学材料彼此电隔离;及
膜,所述膜物理结合至所述支撑件,并且相对于所述第一和第二电化学材料定位以产生大于由所述第一和第二电化学材料所限定的实际偶极长度的虚拟偶极长度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的事件标记器,其中,所述控制电路控制所述第一电化学材料和所述第二电化学材料之间的电压。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中,所述第一和第二电化学材料选择为以在与目标生理部位处的导电液体接触时提供电势差,其中所述电势差提供用于通讯的电力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中,所述膜是具有外边缘的平面形结构,所述外边缘延伸超出所述第一和第二电化学材料的边缘。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中,所述膜包括多涂层和多层中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,还包括至少一个受控的致动元件。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,还包括非活性剂盐、消泡剂、微环境调节剂和能溶解组分中的至少一种,包括在所述可摄入事件标记器中的所述至少一种的重量等于或大于所述高可靠性的事件标记器的总重量的90%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中所述膜具有反向弯曲的边缘、一个或多个突出部分、或一个或多个能展开元件中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,还包括与所述膜偏心地结合的配重。
10.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,还包括增加与所述膜偏心地结合的吸水膨胀型部件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中,所述高可靠性的事件标记器与活性剂物理结合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中,所述活性剂与所述膜物理结合。
13.根据权利要求11所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中,所述膜以阶段式的方式释放所述活性剂。
14.根据权利要求11所述的高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,其中,所述活性剂包括至少一个流体通道。
15.一种系统,包括:
高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器,所述高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器包括:
支撑件;
控制电路,所述控制电路与所述支撑件物理结合以控制所述高可靠性的事件标记器;
第一电化学材料,所述第一电化学材料与所述支撑件物理结合并且电耦接至所述控制电路;
第二电化学材料,所述第二电化学材料电耦接至所述控制电路,并且在与所述第一材料的位置不同的位置与所述支撑件物理结合,使得所述第一和第二电化学材料彼此电隔离;及
膜,所述膜物理结合至所述支撑件,并且相对于所述第一和第二电化学材料定位以产生大于由所述第一和第二电化学材料所限定的实际偶极长度的虚拟偶极长度。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述高可靠性的可摄入事件标记器与活性剂结合。
17.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述活性剂与所述膜物理结合。
18.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述高可靠性的事件标记器还包括非活性剂盐、消泡剂、微环境调节剂和能溶解组分中的至少一种,包括在所述高可靠性的事件标记器中的所述至少一种的重量等于或大于所述高可靠性的事件标记器总重量的90%。
19.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述膜是具有外边缘的平面形结构,所述外边缘延伸超出所述第一和第二电化学材料的边缘。
20.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述膜具有反向弯曲的边缘、一个或多个突出部分、或一个或多个能展开元件中的至少一种。
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