CN102429773B - 一次性吸附性提升装置 - Google Patents

一次性吸附性提升装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102429773B
CN102429773B CN201110253995.9A CN201110253995A CN102429773B CN 102429773 B CN102429773 B CN 102429773B CN 201110253995 A CN201110253995 A CN 201110253995A CN 102429773 B CN102429773 B CN 102429773B
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
layers according
absorption
absorption layers
woven material
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CN201110253995.9A
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CN102429773A (zh
Inventor
丹·洛夫
斯科特·A·史密斯
史蒂夫·A·马斯克雷
保罗·L·伯切尔
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Medline Industries LP
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Medline Industries LP
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Application filed by Medline Industries LP filed Critical Medline Industries LP
Priority to CN201610088299.XA priority Critical patent/CN105662690B/zh
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    • B32B2307/73Hydrophobic

Abstract

本发明涉及一次性吸附性提升装置。本发明涉及一种包含多个层的一次性吸附垫。具体来说,本发明的吸附垫通过吸附湿气,同时防止渗漏到皮肤或床用织物,从而使患者皮肤表面的空气循环以防热累积,来保持皮肤干燥,并且足够坚固以允许患者重新定位,甚至在所述吸附垫潮湿的时候也是如此。在特定实施例中,第一层包含流体可渗透的多孔材料,第二层安置在所述第一层之下并且包含至少一种高吸附性材料,且基层安置在所述第二层之下。

Description

一次性吸附性提升装置
背景技术
褥疮,又称压力性溃疡或褥疮性溃疡,在卧病在床或另外固定不动的人中较为流行。皮肤溃疡可由施加于皮肤和软组织上的压力(例如,个体的体重倚靠在例如床或椅子等硬表面上)引起,并且当皮肤还暴露于湿气(例如,由失禁所致)和/或例如由移动或重新定位卧病在床的患者所引起的摩擦、热和剪切力时,皮肤溃疡会加重。
常驻敬老院的人特别易患压力性溃疡,因为其常常卧病在床和出现失禁。10位常驻敬老院的人中有约1人会患上某种形式的压力性溃疡。由于压力性溃疡会长期存在,而且愈合缓慢,以致一旦形成了压力性溃疡,治疗起来相当昂贵,因此,迫切需要使患者暴露于会引起此类溃疡的条件的情形减到最少。
举例来说,对于失禁或出现其它湿气管理方面问题的卧病在床的患者来说,铺设一种不仅吸附湿气而且还保持皮肤干燥的垫子或层将十分有益。保护床和亚麻织物免受湿气影响也可用于保持卫生,并使对于医院工作人员更换床用织物的需求减到最少。此外,为了使被褥与患者皮肤之间的热累积减到最少,且为了保持皮肤健康,吸附垫或吸附层宜允许垫子与皮肤之间的空气循环。另外,由于卧病在床的患者需要被抬起并重新定位,例如以便更换床用织物、用于医疗程序或防止形成压力性溃疡,因此吸附垫具有足够的强度来允许此类重新定位将非常有用。
目前的产品不能提供满足全部4个要求的解决办法:1)保持皮肤干燥;2)保护床和亚麻织物;3)使空气循环;和4)使护理人员能重新定位个体。通常,护理人员将组合多达8个一次性床垫来吸附湿气,以及可回收使用的布制床垫或垫单来保护床和亚麻织物,以及抬起和重新定位患者。
由于种种原因,多个吸附产品的组合不太理想。严格地从实用的观点看,使用多个吸附产品比较昂贵,并且需要较多的包装、储存、运输成本、消耗等。可回收使用的布制床垫或垫单也是医院洗涤和处理的第二最昂贵的物品。除外,多个产品的组合在防止皮肤损伤,同时保护被褥方面不是很有效。当多层吸附垫各层相对于彼此滑动和移位时,可能增加个体所经历的剪切和摩擦。此外,常规的一次性垫当变湿时会破碎,且可回收使用的布制床垫会阻碍空气循环。另外,多个层的厚度可能干扰分配重量以使过量压力减到最少或防止过量压力的床和表面的“压力管理”。
因此,需要一种吸附垫,其通过吸附湿气,同时防止渗漏到皮肤或床用织物,从而使患者皮肤表面的空气循环以防热累积,来保持皮肤干燥,并且足够坚固以允许患者重新定位,甚至在吸附垫潮湿的时候也是如此。
附图说明
图1.本发明吸附垫的一个实施例的横截面图。
图2.最大提升重量测试装置。
具体实施方式
在各种实施例中,本发明针对一种吸附垫,其包含多个层,例如3个或3个以上层,其中第一层包含流体可渗透的多孔材料,第二层安置在第一层之下并且包含至少一种高吸附性材料,且基层安置在第二层之下。此外,当利用ASTMD882方法测量时,基层在破裂时在纵向上的拉伸强度在约45N/25mm到100N/25mm的范围内,且在横向上的拉伸强度在约30N/25mm到60N/25mm的范围内。
在本发明某些实施例中,基层包含安置在第二层之下的包含疏水性通气膜的第三层,以及安置在第三层之下的包含透气性材料的第四层。
在本发明一个实施例中,第一层是非织造材料。第一层的非织造材料可以使用此项技术中已知的任何技术制造。适合类型的非织造材料的非限制性实例包括短纤非织造材料(staplenonwovenmaterial)、熔喷非织造材料、纺熔非织造材料、纺粘非织造材料、SMS(纺粘熔喷纺粘)材料、水刺材料(spunlacematerial)、针刺材料、热粘合非织造材料、热风粘合非织造材料(trough-air-bondednonwovenmaterial)、纺丝成网非织造材料(spunlaidnonwovenmaterial)、气流成网非织造材料(air-laidnonwovenmaterial)等,或其任何组合。
在本发明某些实施例中,第一层是亲水性的。举例来说,可对第一层进行处理以使其可渗透流体。所述处理可包括此项技术中已知的使一种材料流体可渗透的任何处理。这些处理的非限制性实例包括:用亲水性表面活性剂涂覆材料表面,如标题为“用于使吸附性泡沫材料亲水化的方法(Methodforhydrophilizingabsorbentfoammaterials)”的WO93/04113和标题为“用于吸附核心的流体采集和分配部件(Fluidacquisitionanddistributionmemberforabsorbentcore)”的WO95/25495中所述;表面处理,例如电晕和等离子体处理,如标题为“在大气压下的稳态辉光放电等离子体(Steady-stateglow-dischargeplasmaatatmosphericpressure)”的美国专利第6,118,218号中所述;借助等离子体聚合法施加亲水性涂层,如标题为“耐用的可湿性透液网状物(Durablywettable,liquidperviouswebs)”的WO00/16913和标题为“使用远程等离子体聚合法制备的耐用的可湿性透液网状物(Durablywettable,liquidperviouswebspreparedusingaremoteplasmapolymerizationprocess)”的WO00/16914中所述;或使纤维与亲水性单体和自由基聚合引发剂的溶液接触,并将纤维曝露于紫外辐射,如标题为“包含亲水性非织造布的吸附性物品(Absorbentarticlescomprisinghydrophilicnonwovenfabrics)”的美国专利第7,521,587号中所述,所有这些专利文献都以全文引用方式并入本文中用于所有目的。
在本发明另一实施例中,第一层可渗透流体,以致流体可通过第一层的表面流向第二层(安置在第一层之下),但流体无法实质上倒转方向并向回朝向第一层的表面移动。换句话说,在各种实施例中,通过第一层的流体实质上单向流动,即从第一层的上表面流向安置在第一层之下的第二层。
第一层可包含此项技术中已知的任何适合的材料。举例来说,第一层可包含聚合材料。所述聚合材料的非限制性实例包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺、粘胶人造丝(viscoserayon)、尼龙(nylon)等,或其任何组合。此外,聚合材料还可为生物可降解聚合材料。此类聚合物的一个非限制性实例是美国专利申请案2009/0075346中所述的基于淀粉的生物可降解材料,所述专利申请案以引用的方式并入本文中用于所有目的。在本发明某些实施例中,第一层的单位面积重量(重量)在约15gsm(克/平方米)到约20gsm的范围内。举例来说,第一层的重量可为约15gsm、约16gsm、约17gsm、约18gsm、约19gsm或约20gsm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明某些实施例中,第一层是流体可渗透的。在本发明一个实施例中,例如借助ASTME96M-05测量时,第一层的湿气转移率(MoistureTransferRate)在约5sec/mL到约200sec/mL的范围内。
在本发明另一实施例中,第一层是透气性的。在某些实施例中,例如借助使用密度计的葛尔莱法(Gurelymethod)(例如,遵照以下标准的方法:ASTMD737和WSP70.1)测量时,第一层的透气性在约10秒/100毫升到约100秒/100毫升的范围内,包括约10秒/100毫升、约20秒/100毫升、约30秒/100毫升、约40秒/100毫升、约50秒/100毫升、约60秒/100毫升、约70秒/100毫升、约80秒/100毫升、约90秒/100毫升或约100秒/100毫升,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
本发明吸附垫的第二层安置在第一层之下,如本文中所述。举例来说,第二层可直接位于第一层下并与第一层直接接触,或者借助一个或一个以上插入层(例如粘附剂层和/或间隔层)粘附于第一层。
在某些实施例中,第二层包含成型材料。第二层的成型材料可以使用此项技术中已知的任何技术制造。适合类型的成型材料的非限制性实例包括短纤非织造材料、熔喷非织造材料、纺熔非织造材料、纺粘非织造材料、热粘合非织造材料、热风粘合非织造材料、纺丝成网非织造材料、气流成网非织造材料,或其任何组合。在特定实施例中,第二层包含气流成网纤维。在一个实施例中,气流成网纤维是热粘合的。在特定实施例中,气流成网材料是气流成网纸。
第二层可包含纤维,例如天然纤维。所述天然纤维可以是此项技术中已知的任何适合的天然纤维。在一个实施例中,所述天然纤维是纤维素。纤维素可来自此项技术中已知的任何适合的来源。适合的纤维素来源的非限制性实例为木纤维、植物纤维、大田作物纤维、绒毛浆纤维、棉花,任何其它设计成吸附流体的人造或天然材料,或其任何组合。在特定实施例中,第二层包含木纤维。在另一实施例中,第二层包含浸渍木浆。
吸附垫的第二层可进一步包含吸附性聚合物,例如此项技术中已知的任何高吸附性聚合物。适合的高吸附性聚合物的非限制性实例包括例如丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物及其盐(包括其碱金属盐,例如钠盐;或碱土金属盐)、甲基丙烯酸的聚合物和共聚物及其盐(包括其碱金属盐,例如钠盐;或碱土金属盐)、聚丙烯酰胺聚合物和共聚物、乙烯顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸酯/聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、聚乙烯醇共聚物、交联聚氧乙烯、聚丙烯腈的淀粉接枝共聚物等。所述高吸附性聚合物可交联达到适合的程度。
在特定实施例中,高吸附性聚合物包含聚丙烯酸钠。在另一实施例中,第二层包含在约15gsm到约35gsm范围内的量的高吸附性聚合物。举例来说,第二层中高吸附性聚合物的存在量为约15gsm、约20gsm、约25gsm、约30gsm或约35gsm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在另一实施例中,第二层中纤维素纤维是以约85gsm到约115gsm的量存在于第二层中。举例来说,第二层中纤维素纤维的存在量为约85gsm、约90gsm、约95gsm、约100gsm、约103gsm、约105gsm、约110gsm、约115gsm或约120gsm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在特定实施例中,第二层是由纤维素纤维和高吸附性聚合物制成的热粘合、吸附性气流成网核心。在本发明特定实施例中,第二层包含如美国专利第6,675,702号中所述的气流成网吸附性核心,所述专利以引用的方式并入本文中用于所有目的。在另一实施例中,第二层包含由约100gsm到约105gsm纤维素纤维和25gsm高吸附性聚合物制成的热粘合气流成网核心。在特定实施例中,纤维素纤维是浸渍木浆。
第二层实质上吸附从第一层穿透的所有流体,并具有足以保留流体,而不将流体释放通过第一层或通过第三层和第四层的流体保持能力。在某些实施例中,当借助ISO11948-1测试方法测量时,第二层的吸附能力在约50cc/m2到约20,000cc/m2的范围内,例如为约50cc/m2、约100cc/m2、约150cc/m2、约200cc/m2、约250cc/m2、约300cc/m2、约350cc/m2、约400cc/m2、约450cc/m2、约500cc/m2、约550cc/m2、约600cc/m2、约650cc/m2、约700cc/m2、约750cc/m2、约800cc/m2、约850cc/m2、约900cc/m2、约1,000cc/m2、约1,100cc/m2、约1,200cc/m2、约1,300cc/m2、约1,400cc/m2、约1,500cc/m2、约1,600cc/m2、约1,700cc/m2、约1,800cc/m2、约1,900cc/m2、约2,000cc/m2、约3,000cc/m2、约4,000cc/m2、约5,000cc/m2、约6,000cc/m2、约7,000cc/m2、约8,000cc/m2、约9,000cc/m2、约10,000cc/m2、约11,000cc/m2、约12,000cc/m2、约13,000cc/m2、约14,000cc/m2、约15,000cc/m2、约16,000cc/m2、约17,000cc/m2、约18,000cc/m2、约19,000cc/m2或约20,000cc/m2,包括其间所有范围和子范围。
在本发明特定实施例中,第二层可包含超过一个流体吸附层(又称“核心”层)。举例来说,第二层可包含两个(或两个以上)层,各层包含相同或不同的吸附性聚合物。
为了能使用本发明的吸附垫使患者的溃疡形成减到最少或防止溃疡形成,吸附垫应尽可能保持均匀的厚度,甚至在吸附了来自患者的流体后也是如此。因此,吸附垫不应实质上膨胀,与吸附性(第二)层接触的各种层也不应在吸附垫内分离。申请人已经发现,本文中所述的包含纤维素材料与高吸附性聚合物的组合的气流成网材料当被来自患者的流体润湿时,不会实质上膨胀或与其它层(例如第一层和/或第三层)分离。“不会实质上膨胀”意思指,吸附性第二层的厚度增加不超过约200%,例如小于约200%、小于约190%、小于约180%、小于约170%、小于约160%、小于约150%、小于约140%、小于约130%、小于约120%、小于约110%、小于约100%、小于约90%、小于约80%、小于约70%、小于约60%、小于约50%、小于约40%、小于约30%、小于约20%或小于约10%的厚度,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。“不会实质上分离”意思指,至少约60%,例如小于约60%、小于约50%、小于约40%、小于约30%、小于约20%或小于约10%的吸附性第二层的表面积保持粘附于吸附垫的第一层和第三层或与吸附垫的第一层和第三层直接接触(或保持粘附于安置在第一层和/或第三层与吸附性第二层之间的粘附剂层和/或间隔层,或与所述粘附剂层和/或间隔层直接接触)。
基层防止第二层吸附的流体穿过吸附垫的底部。基层还应在吸附垫内提供空气循环,以防止热和湿蒸汽累积。
在本发明某些实施例中,基层包含第三层和第四层,其中第三层安置在第二层之下,且第四层安置在第三层之下。
基层(或在某些实施例中,第三层)防止第二层中吸附的流体穿透吸附垫的基层(或在一些实施例中,第四层)。基层可包含能够防止流体流到第二层外并通过吸附垫底部的任何天然或人造材料。在基层包含第三层和第四层的某些实施例中,第三层包含聚合物膜,例如疏水性聚合物膜。第三层的聚合物膜可为此项技术中已知的任何适合的聚合物,例如适合的疏水性聚合物。此类聚合物的非限制性实例包括聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚(乳酸)、聚羟基丁酸酯和木薯淀粉,及其共聚物。此类聚合物的一个非限制性实例是如美国专利申请案2009/0075346中所述的基于淀粉的生物可降解材料,所述专利以引用的方式并入本文中用于所有目的。
基层还应在吸附垫内提供空气循环,以防止热和湿蒸汽累积。因此,在特定实施例中,基层是透气性的。透气性可以各种方式提供,例如通过形成包含第三层和第四层的基层,其中第三层包含织造或非织造疏水性材料,用以防止大量流体移动,但允许空气扩散或移动通过第三层。举例来说,所述疏水性材料可包含疏水性聚合物纤维(例如聚烯烃纤维),或包含表面用疏水性胶料或涂层处理的纤维。在另一实施例中,第三层包含穿孔的聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯聚合物或共聚物)薄片。如果第三层包含穿孔的聚烯烃薄片,那么穿孔的尺寸应不允许液体渗透或移动通过穿孔,但提供在本文所述范围内的透气性值。
尽管基层不允许任何可察觉量的液体流过,但在许多情况下,宜允许湿蒸汽渗透通过基层。在本发明某些实施例中,对于包含第三层和第四层的基层来说,第三层的湿蒸汽透气率(moisturevaportransmissionrate,MTVR)在每天约1,000g/m2到每天约10,000g/m2的范围内。举例来说,第三层的MTVR可为每天约1,000g/m2、每天约2,000g/m2、每天约3,000g/m2、每天约4,000g/m2、每天约5,000g/m2、每天约6,000g/m2、每天约7,000g/m2、每天约8,000g/m2、每天约9,000g/m2或每天约10,000g/m2,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明另一实施例中,第三层的湿蒸汽透气率(MTVR)在每天约2,500g/m2到每天约4,500g/m2的范围内。举例来说,第三层的MTVR可为每天约2,500g/m2、每天约2,600g/m2、每天约2,700g/m2、每天约2,800g/m2、每天约2,900g/m2、每天约3,000g/m2、每天约3,100g/m2、每天约3,200g/m2、每天约3,300g/m2、每天约3,400g/m2、每天约3,500g/m2、每天约3,600g/m2、每天约3,700g/m2、每天约3,800g/m2、每天约3,900g/m2、每天约4,000g/m2、每天约4,100g/m2、每天约4,200g/m2、每天约4,300g/m2、每天约4,400g/m2或每天约4,500g/m2,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在基层包含第三层和第四层的本发明各种实施例中,第三层的重量在约20gsm到约45gsm的范围内。举例来说,第三层的重量可为约20gsm、25gsm、30gsm、35gsm、40gsm或45gsm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明一个实施例中,第四层是非织造材料。第四层的非织造材料可以使用此项技术中已知的任何技术制造。适合类型的非织造材料的非限制性实例包括短纤非织造材料、熔喷非织造材料、纺熔非织造材料、纺粘非织造材料、SMS(纺粘熔喷纺粘)材料、水刺材料、针刺材料、热粘合非织造材料、热风粘合非织造材料、纺丝成网非织造材料、气流成网非织造材料等,或其任何组合。
在本发明某些实施例中,第四层是疏水性的。第四层可由此项技术中已知的任何适合的材料制成。此类材料的非限制性实例包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺、粘胶人造丝、尼龙,或其任何组合等。此外,聚合材料可为生物可降解聚合材料。此类聚合物的一个非限制性实例是美国专利申请案2009/0075346中所述的基于淀粉的生物可降解材料,所述专利以引用的方式并入本文中用于所有目的。在本发明某些实施例中,第四层的重量在约30gsm到约80gsm的范围内。举例来说,第四层的重量可为约30gsm、约35gsm、约40gsm、约45gsm、约50gsm、约55gsm、约60gsm、约65gsm、约70gsm、约75gsm或约80gsm,以及其间所有子范围。
本文所述第一层的任何实施例都可独立地与本文所述第二层、第三层和第四层的任何特定实施例组合。举例来说,在特定实施例中,第一层是纺粘非织造薄片;第二层包含纤维素纤维和高吸附性聚合物;第三层是穿孔的聚乙烯膜,且第四层是非织造薄片。
在某一实施例中,第一层是重量为约10克到20克的纺粘非织造薄片;第二层包含纤维素纤维和高吸附性聚合物;第三层是重量为约30克的穿孔的聚乙烯膜,且第四层是重量为约40gsm到60gsm的非织造薄片。
在其它实施例中,第一层是重量为约10gsm到约20gsm的亲水性SMS聚乙烯非织造薄片;第二层是包含约103gsm木浆纤维和约25gsm高吸附性聚合物的热粘合吸附性气流成网核心;第三层是重量为约20gsm的穿孔的聚乙烯膜,且第四层是重量为约50gsm的非织造BTBS膜。参看图1。
在其它实施例中,吸附垫具有把手(handle)。在特定实施例中,这些把手是通过延伸基层的尺寸超过其它两层并在基底材料中形成空隙而形成。这些空隙可经形成用于手指或手。在另一实施例中,可将适合大小的适合材料粘附于吸附垫的边缘以形成把手。
在各种实施例中,第一层、第二层和基层粘附在一起。这些层可以使用此项技术中已知的任何适合的技术粘附在一起。在特定实施例中,这些层是使用粘附剂粘附在一起。此项技术中已知的任何适合的粘附剂都可使用。所用粘附剂可以是天然或合成的。所述粘附剂的非限制性实例为热熔型粘附剂、干燥型粘附剂、接触型粘附剂、UV固化型粘附剂、光固化型粘附剂和压敏型粘附剂等。在一个实施例中,使用热熔型粘附剂将顶层以及各层相接的边缘胶粘在一起。
在各种其它实施例中,吸附垫包含粘附在一起的本文中所述的第一层、第二层、第三层和第四层。这些层可使用此项技术中已知的任何适合的技术粘附在一起。在特定实施例中,这些层是使用粘附剂粘附在一起。此项技术中已知的任何适合的粘附剂都可使用。所用粘附剂可以是天然或合成的。所述粘附剂的非限制性实例为热熔型粘附剂、干燥型粘附剂、接触型粘附剂、UV固化型粘附剂、光固化型粘附剂和压敏型粘附剂等。在一个实施例中,使用热熔型粘附剂将顶层以及各层相接的边缘胶粘在一起。
粘附剂的非限制性实例包括动物胶、基于胶原的胶、蛋白胶、酪蛋白胶、加拿大香胶(Canadabalsam)、coccoina、pelikanol、阿拉伯胶、乳胶、甲基纤维素、胶水库(libraryglue)、粘液、间苯二酚树脂、淀粉、脲-甲醛树脂、丙烯腈、氰基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸、环氧树脂、环氧灰泥、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、苯酚甲醛树脂、聚酰胺、聚酯树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚硫化物、聚氨酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯乳液、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、橡胶浇水、硅树脂、苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚烯烃、无规聚丙烯、聚1-丁烯、氧化聚乙烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚碳酸酯、含氟聚合物、硅树脂橡胶等,及各种其它共聚物。粘附剂可进一步包含一种或一种以上添加剂。此项技术中已知的任何适合的添加剂都可使用。添加剂的非限制性实例包括增粘树脂、蜡、增塑剂、抗氧化剂、稳定剂、UV稳定剂、颜料、染料、杀生物剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂和填充剂等。在特定实施例中,粘附剂包含热熔型粘附剂。
粘附剂层可为连续的,实质上接触粘附在一起的任何两层的整个表面积(例如,粘附在一起的两层的至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约90%或基本上约100%的表面积,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内)。也就是说,粘附剂在粘附在一起的任何两层之间形成中间层,实质上接触这两层之间的整个表面。或者,粘附剂可按某种图案(例如栅格)或按随机方式施用,由此使粘附剂实质上不接触所述两层的整个表面积,而是在两个粘附的表面之间形成不连续中间层。本发明吸附垫的第一层、第二层和基层(或当存在时,第一层、第二层、第三层和第四层)中每一者都可用连续粘附剂层或不连续粘附剂层粘附在一起,或者一些粘附剂层可为连续的粘附剂层,而其它粘附剂层可为不连续层。每一粘附剂层都可包含相同的粘附剂材料(如本文中所述),或者一个或一个以上粘附剂层可包含不同的粘附剂材料(如本文中所述)。
本发明可由组分层通过此项技术中已知的任何适合的方法组装而成。在本发明一个实施例中,将每一层的卷组合,以使第一层安置在第二层上,第二层安置在基层上(或在一些实施例中,第二层安置在第三层上,第三层安置在第四层上),随后将组合层切割成适宜的大小,并将边缘粘附在一起。在本发明另一实施例中,由每一个别层的卷切割得到适合大小的薄片,随后按适宜的次序组合,并将边缘粘附在一起。在本发明另一实施例中,基层的宽度尺寸、长度尺寸或二者超出第二层1英寸到5英寸。第二层可安置在基层上,由此基层在任一相对侧或所有侧上延伸超出第二层约0.5英寸到约2.5英寸,且基层延伸超出第二层的材料可通过此项技术中的任何已知方式折叠起来且粘附于第二层。尺寸与第二层相同的第一层可安置在第二层上并粘附于第二层。
在本发明另一实施例中,第四层和第三层的宽度尺寸、长度尺寸或二者超出第二层1英寸到5英寸。第三层安置在第四层上,且第二层可安置在第三层上,由此第三层和第四层在任一相对侧或所有侧上延伸超出第二层约0.5英寸到约2.5英寸。第三层和第四层延伸超出第二层的材料可通过此项技术中的任何已知方式折叠起来且粘附于第二层。尺寸与第二层相同的第一层可安置在第二层上并粘附于第二层。
本发明的吸附垫可为任何适合的大小。在本发明一个实施例中,这些吸附垫为约36″乘约31″。在本发明一个实施例中,这些吸附垫为约36″乘约30″。在本发明另一实施例中,这些吸附垫为约36″乘约24″。在某些实施例中,这些吸附垫为约36″乘约23″。在另一实施例中,这些吸附垫为约30″乘30″。在另一实施例中,这些吸附垫为约24″乘约18″。在又一实施例中,这些吸附垫为约24″到约17″。
在某一实施例中,当借助ISO标准11948-1测量时,本发明的吸附垫的总吸附能力为约4,000g/m2到约4,500gm2,例如为约4,000g/m2、约4,100g/m2、约4,200g/m2、约4,300g/m2、约4,400g/m2或约4,500g/m2
本发明吸附垫的采集率和再润湿特性可通过任何适合的方法测定,例如梅迪-贾尔法(Medi-Calmethod)。梅迪-贾尔采集率和再润湿测试方案包含:将本发明吸附垫(如本文中所述)铺在平坦表面上,随后将100mL或200mL0.09%生理盐水溶液迅速添加到垫的中央上(目标区域)。生理盐水溶液通过垫的顶部薄片所需的时间为采集率。将生理盐水溶液添加到垫上后约12分钟,将预先称重(约10g)的干燥滤纸块放在目标区域中心上,并称重具有1.0psi重量。1分钟后,除去滤纸块,并称重。滤纸块吸附的湿气的重量是再润湿值。
利用梅迪-贾尔法测定的适合的再润湿值在约1g到约3g的范围内,例如为约1g、约1.1g、约1.2g、约1.3g、约1.4g、约1.5g、约1.6g、约1.7g、约1.8g、约1.9g、约2.0g、约2.1g、约2.2g、约2.3g、约2.4g、约2.5g、约2.6g、约2.7g、约2.8g、约2.9g或约3.0g。
利用梅迪-贾尔法测定的适合的采集率在约110秒到约180秒的范围内,例如为约110秒、约115秒、约120秒、约125秒、约130秒、约135秒、约140秒、约145秒、约150秒、约155秒、约160秒、约165秒、约170秒、约175秒或约180秒。
“最大提升重量”是当提升垫的两个或两个以上点时,其所能承受而不会撕裂的最大重量。可通过将夹具连接到垫的至少两个边缘或至少两个角,并将重物放在所述垫上来测试最大提升重量。随后,可将夹具连接到提升装置。(图2)。在本发明某些实施例中,吸附垫的最大提升重量在最多约415lbs到最多约100lbs的范围内。举例来说,本发明的吸附垫的最大提升重量最多约415lbs、最多约370lbs、最多约325lbs、最多约280lbs、最多约235lbs、最多约190lbs、最多约145lbs或最多约100lbs。
在本发明特定实施例中,吸附垫在暴露于约1mL到约500mLASTM合成尿液或1%生理盐水溶液后的最大提升重量在最多约415lbs到最多约100lbs的范围内。举例来说,本发明的吸附垫在暴露于约1mL到约1000mLASTM合成尿液或1%生理盐水溶液后的最大提升重量可为最多约325lbs、最多约415lbs、最多约370lbs、最多约325lbs、最多约280lbs、最多约235lbs、最多约190lbs、最多约145lbs或最多约100lbs。
在本发明一些实施例中,当借助ASTMD882方法测量时,吸附垫破裂时在纵向上的拉伸强度在约50N/25mm到约90N/25mm的范围内。举例来说,所述垫破裂时在纵向上的拉伸强度可为约50N/25mm、约60N/25mm、约70N/25mm、约80N/25mm或约90N/25mm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明其它实施例中,当借助ASTMD882方法测量时,吸附垫破裂时在横向上的拉伸强度在约30N/25mm到约60N/25mm的范围内。举例来说,所述垫破裂时在横向上的拉伸强度可为约30N/25mm、约35N/25mm、约40N/25mm、约45N/25mm、约50N/25mm、约55N/25mm或约60N/25mm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明另一实施例中,当借助ASTMD882方法测试时,吸附垫破裂时在纵向上的伸长率在约35%到约115%的范围内。举例来说,所述垫破裂时在纵向上的伸长率可为约35%、约55%、约45%、约65%、约75%、约85%、约95%、约105%或约115%,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明特定实施例中,当借助ASTMD882方法测试时,吸附垫破裂时在横向上的伸长率在约45%到约105%的范围内。举例来说,所述垫破裂时在横向上的伸长率可为约45%、约55%、约65%、约75%、约85%、约95%或约105%,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明特定实施例中,当借助ASTMD882方法测量时,吸附垫在伸长率为25%时在纵向上的拉伸强度在约35N/25mm到约55N/25mm的范围内。举例来说,吸附垫在伸长率为25%时在纵向上的拉伸强度可为约35N/25mm、约40N/25mm、约45N/25mm、约50N/25mm或约55N/25mm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明特定实施例中,当借助ASTMD882方法测量时,吸附垫在伸长率为25%时在横向上的拉伸强度在约20N/25mm到约40N/25mm的范围内。举例来说,吸附垫在破裂时在横向上的拉伸强度可为约20N/25mm、约25N/25mm、约30N/25mm、约35N/25mm或约40N/25mm,包括其间所有范围和子范围在内。
在本发明特定实施例中,将单一本发明的吸附垫放在失禁个体之下,且所述单一吸附垫吸附流体,保护皮肤干燥和/或保护被褥免受流体影响。保护皮肤干燥是指在垫已经暴露于尿液或其它流体后,使个体与垫接触的皮肤仍保持适度的干燥。保护被褥是指,排到垫上的尿液或其它流体中不到10%会与垫下面的被褥接触。在本发明另一实施例中,至少一位护理人员可通过从至少两个边缘或至少两个角抬起安置在患者之下的单一本发明的吸附垫来抬起或重新定位患者。
实例
实例1
A.吸附垫
第一层是重量为16.96gsm的纺粘非织造物(普杰集团(PGI))。第二层是由103gsm浸渍木浆和25gsm高吸附性聚合物(Super麦克埃雷公司(McAirlaids))制成的热粘合吸附性气流成网核心。第三层是重量为35gsm且MVTR为每天3,600g/m2的透气性PE膜(普杰集团)。第四层是50gsm的纺粘非织造基底薄片(普杰集团)。顶层以及各层相接的边缘使用热熔型粘附剂胶粘在一起。
B.强度测试
通过用ASTME252测量基本重量,并用ASTMD882测量破裂时的拉伸强度和伸长率,来测试实例1A的垫的强度。结果显示于表1中:
特性 重量/强度
基本重量 71.5±6g/m2
破裂时在纵向上的拉伸强度 70±16N/25mm
破裂时在横向上的拉伸强度 45±10N/25mm
破裂时在纵向上的伸长率 75±40%
破裂时在横向上的伸长率 75±30%
伸长率为25%时在纵向上的拉伸强度 47±8N/25mm
伸长率为25%时在横向上的拉伸强度 28±8N/25mm
C.最大提升重量测试
通过将垫平放到地上(第一层向上),将重物加载到垫的顶部,并将重物置于中央,来测试最大提升重量。将垫的多个角夹在图2中所示的提升装置中。将吸附垫和重物提升到地面上方2到3英寸处,保持2分钟,同时观察任何撕裂或垫结构完整性的其它破坏。重复测试,直到破坏为止。用415lbs固持实例1A的吸附垫2分钟,没有观察到撕裂或裂开。
在将500cc液体施加于吸附垫后,按类似方式测试湿物的最大提升重量。用425lbs固持实例1A的吸附垫2分钟,没有观察到撕裂或裂开。

Claims (44)

1.一种吸附垫,其包含:
a)第一层,其包含流体可渗透的透气性材料;
b)第二层,其安置在所述第一层之下,包含至少一种高吸附性材料;
c)基层,其中所述基层是外层且包含第三层和第四层,其中第三层安置在所述第二层之下,所述第三层包含疏水性通气膜;并且所述第四层安置在所述第三层之下,所述第四层包含透气性材料,
其中当借助ASTMD882方法测量时,所述基层在破裂时在纵向上的拉伸强度在45N/25mm到100N/25mm的范围内,且在横向上的拉伸强度在30N/25mm到60N/25mm的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第一层包含非织造材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸附垫,其中所述非织造材料选自由以下组成的群组:亲水性非织造材料、短纤非织造材料、熔喷非织造材料、纺熔非织造材料、纺粘非织造材料、SMS(纺粘熔喷纺粘)材料、水刺材料、针刺材料、热粘合非织造材料、热风粘合非织造材料、纺丝成网非织造材料,或其任何组合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的吸附垫,其中所述非织造材料包含聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺、粘胶人造丝、尼龙、至少一种生物可降解聚合材料或其组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第一层的重量为10gsm到20gsm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第一层的湿气转移率介于5sec/mL到200sec/mL之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第一层的透气性在10秒/100毫升到100秒/100毫升的范围内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第二层包含成型或未成型材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第二层包含天然或合成材料。
10.根据权利要求8所述的吸附垫,其中所述第二层包含成型材料,且所述成型材料是气流成网材料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的吸附垫,其中所述气流成网材料包含天然纤维。
12.根据权利要求11所述的吸附垫,其中所述天然纤维是纤维素。
13.根据权利要求12所述的吸附垫,其中所述纤维素选自由以下组成的群组:木纤维、植物纤维、大田作物纤维和绒毛浆。
14.根据权利要求10所述的吸附垫,其中所述气流成网材料是热粘合的。
15.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第二层包含高吸附性聚合物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的吸附垫,其中所述高吸附性聚合物包含聚丙烯酸钠的聚合物或共聚物。
17.根据权利要求15所述的吸附垫,其中所述第二层进一步包含90gsm到110gsm浸渍木浆。
18.根据权利要求15所述的吸附垫,其中所述第二层包含20gsm到30gsm高吸附性聚合物。
19.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中当借助ISO11948-1测试法测量时,所述第二层的湿气吸附能力在50cc/m2到20,000cc/m2的范围内。
20.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述高吸附性材料当润湿时实质上不会膨胀或与所述第一层和/或基层分离。
21.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第三层包含聚乙烯膜。
22.根据权利要求21所述的吸附垫,其中所述聚乙烯膜是穿孔的。
23.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第三层的重量在20gsm到45gsm的范围内。
24.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第三层的湿蒸汽透气率在每天1,000g/m2到每天10,000g/m2的范围内。
25.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第四层包含非织造材料。
26.根据权利要求25所述的吸附垫,其中所述非织造材料选自由以下组成的群组:疏水性非织造材料、短纤非织造材料、熔喷非织造材料、纺熔非织造材料、纺粘非织造材料、SMS(纺粘熔喷纺粘)材料、水刺材料、针刺材料、热粘合非织造材料、热风粘合非织造材料、纺丝成网非织造材料,或其任何组合。
27.根据权利要求25所述的吸附垫,其中所述非织造材料包含选自由以下组成的群组的聚合物:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺、粘胶人造丝、尼龙、至少一种生物可降解聚合材料和其组合。
28.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第四层的重量在30gsm到80gsm的范围内。
29.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述第一层、第二层、第三层和第四层粘附在一起。
30.根据权利要求29所述的吸附垫,其中所述层是使用粘附剂粘附在一起。
31.根据权利要求30所述的吸附垫,其中所述粘附剂是热熔型粘附剂。
32.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述垫具有1g到3g的再润湿值。
33.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中
a)所述第一层是防粘非织造薄片,
b)所述第二层包含热粘合吸附性气流成网核心,其包含纤维素纤维和高吸附性聚合物
c)所述第三层是穿孔的聚乙烯膜
d)所述第四层是重量为15gsm到90gsm的非织造薄片。
34.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中
a)所述第一层包含湿气转移率介于5秒/毫升到200秒/毫升之间且透气性在10秒/100毫升到100秒/100毫升范围内的材料;
b)当借助ISO11948-1测试测量时,所述第二层的吸附能力在50cc/m2到20,000cc/m2的范围内;
c)所述第三层的重量为20gsm到45gsm且湿蒸汽透气率在每天1,000g/m2到每天10,000g/m2的范围内;且
d)所述第四层的重量为30gsm到90gsm。
35.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述垫的最大提升重量达到400lbs。
36.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中所述垫的最大提升重量达到325lbs。
37.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中在暴露于1cc到1000cc流体后,所述垫的最大提升重量达到325lbs。
38.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中当借助所述ASTMD882方法测量时,破裂时的所述拉伸强度在所述纵向上为70±16N/25mm且在所述横向上为45±10N/25mm。
39.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中当借助所述ASTMD882方法测试时,破裂时的伸长率在所述纵向上为75±40%且在所述横向上为75±30%。
40.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其中当借助所述ASTMD882方法测量时,在25%伸长率时的所述拉伸强度在所述纵向上为47±8N/25mm且在所述横向上为28±8N/25mm。
41.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其进一步包含用于在所述垫上抬起和/或重新定位患者的构件。
42.根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫,其进一步包含把手。
43.一种吸附流体、保护被褥和/或保持失禁患者皮肤干燥的方法,其包含将根据权利要求1所述的吸附垫放在所述患者之下,由此所述吸附垫将吸附流体,和/或保护被褥,和/或保持皮肤干燥。
44.根据权利要求43所述的方法,其进一步包含用所述吸附垫抬起或重新定位所述患者。
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