CN102365084A - 药剂递送系统 - Google Patents

药剂递送系统 Download PDF

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CN102365084A
CN102365084A CN2010800040314A CN201080004031A CN102365084A CN 102365084 A CN102365084 A CN 102365084A CN 2010800040314 A CN2010800040314 A CN 2010800040314A CN 201080004031 A CN201080004031 A CN 201080004031A CN 102365084 A CN102365084 A CN 102365084A
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CN102365084B (zh
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霍曼·哈菲奇
格雷戈里·穆恩
欧阳洁仪
罗伯特·达克
玛丽亚·霍伦
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1468Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
    • A61B5/1473Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4836Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
    • A61B5/4839Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61J3/07Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
    • A61J3/071Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use into the form of telescopically engaged two-piece capsules

Abstract

根据本发明的用于递送药剂的药剂递送系统包括载体部件和封盖,封盖构造为密封载体部件的内部容积,其中封盖包括生成唯一电流签名的装置。根据本发明实施方式制备以供递送的药剂可用于各种不同的应用中,包括临床试验。

Description

药剂递送系统
交叉引用
依据35U.S.C§119(e),本申请要求于2009年1月6日提交的美国临时专利申请序列No.61/142,861的申请日的优先权,该申请的内容经引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明总体涉及电子装置,并且更具体地涉及作为利用电传导传送信息的通信系统的部分的电子装置。
背景技术
对于许多病人来说,当正确地运用时,处方药疗法是有效的疗法。然而,研究表明平均约50%的病人不遵守处方药疗法的给药方案。低比率的坚持药疗法给药方案导致每年大量住院治疗和进入疗养院。仅在美国,近来已经估计由于病人不坚持而导致的成本每年总计高于1000亿美元。
病人坚持尤其重要的一种情形是在临床研究的背景下。临床试验设定中的非坚持具有长期的后果,远超出在试验中可能涉及到的几百个病人。到无校正因子就发生非坚持的程度,可具有范围从不能获得FDA批准到需要增大超过完全遵守人群所需剂量的推荐剂量的效果。这样提升剂量可导致较高的副作用发生率,这反过来可导致进一步的非坚持。
临床研究通常使病人经受特定的药物治疗给药方案,目标是测试与药物治疗对医疗相关的临床终点的效果相关的假设。这些研究可测量例如可选药物治疗与范围从生理测量、生物化学测量或心理测量到疾病的表现、病人存活或生命质量的宽泛种类的临床终点中的任一个之间的关系。另外,药物治疗还必须与任何观察到的不利事件相关联,试图确定少见的不利反作用或与其它药物的相互作用。
将包括药剂和给药方法在内的高度特定的药物治疗给药方案与功效和安全性二者可靠关联的能力,在很大程度上取决于知晓每个病人已遵从处方治疗给药方案的确定性。因此,对病人坚持的监测,包括给药的确切时间,通常对于临床试验资助者以及制药工业具有大的价值。
因此,需要用于跟踪所给药剂和给药的时间点的系统和方法。
发明内容
本发明的装置包括载体部件和构造为密封所述载体部件的内部容积的封盖,其中所述封盖包括对电流流动的信息进行编码的通信装置。所述装置包括可吸收事件标记符识别器或离子发射模块识别器,其利用的是通过与所述装置相接触的导电流体的电传导。本发明的装置可应用于制备药剂。本发明的附加方面包括依据本发明的方法制备的药剂。根据本发明的实施方方式制备的药剂可应用于各种不同的应用,包括临床试验。
附图说明
图1A提供了根据本发明的药剂递送系统的局部剖开的立体主视图,电流签名生成装置位于递送系统的外部上。
图1B提供了根据本发明的药剂递送系统的局部剖开的立体主视图,电流签名生成装置位于递送系统的内部。
图2A提供了图1A的药剂递送系统的分解立体图。
图2B提供了图1B的药剂递送系统的分解立体图。
图3A提供了根据本发明在图1的药剂中使用的封盖的仰视图。
图3B提供了图3A的封盖的侧视图。
图3C提供了图3A的封盖的立体图。
图4提供了根据本发明的带有顶盖的药剂的剖视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的装置包括载体部件和构造为密封所述载体部件的内部容积的封盖,其中所述封盖包括可吸收事件标记符识别器。本发明的装置可应用于制备药剂。本发明的附加方面包括依据本发明的方法制备的药剂。根据本发明的各方面所制备的药剂可应用于各种不同的应用,包括临床试验。
在更加详细地描述本发明时,首先说明本发明的装置和使用所述装置制备药剂的方法,随后讨论这些方法以及组件和包括所述组件的系统的使用。并且,下文中更加详细地说明用于实施本发明的方法的套件。
如上文概述的,提供了装置和使用所述装置制备药剂的方法。术语“药剂”指的是包含已知量活性剂的物理离散的结构,其中所述已知量活性剂是已选择用于给送给活性剂给送事件中受治疗者的已知量活性剂。因此,药剂包含了预定量的药物活性剂(本文也简称为“活性剂”)。计算出存在于药剂中的药物活性剂的量,以当给送到活性剂给送事件中的受治疗者时足以产生期望的效果。由本发明的方法制成的药剂可以具有各种不同构造中的任一种。因此,药剂可以为圆筒形、球形或椭圆形形状、或者任何其它方便的形状。关心的是具有大致胶囊构造的药剂,如下文中更加详细说明的。
本发明的装置包括载体部件和构造为密封所述载体部件的内部容积的封盖,其中所述封盖包括可吸收事件标记符识别器。上述装置的这些部件可以改变,下文中更加详细地描述这些部件的不同方面。
本发明的方法包括用药物活性剂合成物填充载体部件、然后用封盖密封所述载体部件以制成药剂。载体部件为保持一定量药物活性剂合成物的容器。根据药物活性剂合成物的特定性质(下文将进行更加详细地说明),载体部件可以构造为保持各种类型的合成物,包括液体和固体,固体诸如药粉、药片、包覆粒剂合成物、丸剂、珠和小球体。尽管载体构造为保持的活性剂的容量可以改变,在一些示例中,载体可以构造为保持范围从0至1g的活性剂量,诸如0至100mg且包括0至5mg。载体部件可以具有各种不同的构造。载体部件构造的示例包括但不限于局部盒状、局部球形、局部卵形和局部圆锥形等。
所关心的一种载体部件构造是局部胶囊构造。局部胶囊构造是那些具有第一敞开端和第二封闭端的构造,其中敞开端和封闭端由足以为载体部件提供期望内部容积的距离分隔开。所使用的局部胶囊构造可以具有各种不同的剖面构造,其中剖面构造是由处于敞开端的载体部件的壁限定的形状。所关心的剖面构造包括但不限于圆形、矩形、三角形、方形和椭圆形以及不规则的剖面构造。
本发明的局部胶囊构造的载体部件可以按期望具有变化的尺寸。在一些示例中,载体部件的长度的范围从1mm至50mm,诸如5mm至30mm且包括10mm至20mm。载体部件的外径可以改变,在一些示例中范围从1mm至30mm,诸如5mm至20mm且包括5mm至10mm。载体部件的内径也可以改变,范围从0.5mm至29.99mm,诸如3.0mm至19.99mm且包括3.0mm至9.99mm。载体部件的壁可以改变,只要壁足够厚以保持药物活性剂合成物,其中在一些示例中,壁厚度的范围从0.01mm至2mm,诸如0.01mm至0.2mm且包括0.01mm至0.1mm。载体部件的尺寸可以按期望为恒定的或可变的。例如,内径可以沿着胶囊的长度为恒定的或者可以改变。
本发明的载体部件,诸如局部胶囊构造的载体部件,可以利用任何方便的规约由任何方便的材料制成。可制成载体部件的所关心的材料包括在常规的药物胶囊剂中使用的药物方面可接受的聚合材料。材料可以为透明或不透明的,并且可以按期望为彩色的。所关心的是既有刚性又有弹性的材料。
可制成本发明的载体部件的适当的聚合物包括但不限于:明胶、聚乙烯醇(PVA);天然多糖和合成多糖,包括支链淀粉、角叉菜胶、黄原凝胶、壳聚糖琼脂胶、和纤维素材料,诸如羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素;聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、PEG和PEO的混合物;丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸基聚合物,诸如EUDRAGIT RTM、EUDRAGIT LTM和/或EUDRAGITSTM甲基丙烯酸聚合物、EUDRAGIT RLTM和/或EUDRAGIT RSTM甲基丙烯酸铵共聚物;聚维酮(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)、聚糖酵解甘油酯(诸如GELUCIRE 44/14TM、GELUCIRE 50/02TM、GELUCIRE50/13TM和GELUCIRE 53/10TM聚合物);羧基乙烯基聚合物(诸如CARBOPOLTM聚合物);聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物(诸如POLOXAMER188TM聚合物)等。
载体部件的表面可以为平滑的、或者包括以任何图案布置的彩斑和/或槽。根据期望,载体部件具有隔室或隔区。载体部件可以具有多个隔室,以使得各隔室具有不同的活性剂释放特性或者包含不同的药物活性剂合成物,例如如美国专利No.4,738,724、No.5,672,359和No.5,443,461中描述的;这些申请的内容经引用并入本文中。
载体部件可以利用任何方便的规约制成,包括模塑成型等。所关心的制造规约包括但不限于美国专利No.5,705,189、No.4,576,284、No.4,591,475、No.4,655,840、No.4,738,724、No.4,738,817和No.4,790,881中描述的那些;这些申请的内容经引用并入本文中。替代地,载体部件可以从商业卖主获得,诸如Whitsett NC的Qualicaps有限公司。
在本发明的方法中,载体部件可以填充有各种不同类型的药物活性剂合成物。用于填充载体部件的规约可以根据药物活性剂合成物的性质而改变。例如,可以手动方式、利用自动装置、或手动方式和自动装置的组合方式,将诸如液体和固体(作为可流动固体的示施例的粒剂合成物和小球体合成物)的可流动合成物灌注进载体部件的内部空间中,从而用药物活性剂合成物填充载体部件。可再次以手动方式、利用自动装置、或手动方式和自动装置的组合方式,将诸如药片或胶囊的非流动固体定位到载体部件的内部容积的内部,从而填充载体部件。
如上所述,药物活性剂合成物可以为固体或液体合成物。所关心的固体合成物包括但不限于:粉末、例如珠或小球体形式的丸剂、包覆的粒剂和药片。所关心的液体合成物可以依据例如粘度、颜色等而变化。本发明的药物活性剂合成物包括或者单独或者与赋形剂结合的药物活性剂,其中赋形剂可包括一个或多个不同的组分,诸如填充剂、粘合剂、着色剂等。
如本文所使用的,术语“活性剂”包括在与诸如人的活体接触时产生例如有益或有用结果的生理结果的任何化合物。活性剂可与诸如填充剂、粘合剂、着色剂等这样的赋形剂组分区分开。活性剂可以为能够在活体对象中调节生物过程的任何分子。在一些示例中,活性剂可以为在疾病的诊断、治疗或预防中使用的物质或者作为药物的组分。所关心的宽泛种类的活性剂包括但不限于:心血管剂;止痛剂,例如镇痛剂、麻醉剂、消炎剂等;神经作用剂;化学治疗(例如,抗肿瘤)剂等。在作为WO 2006/116718公布的PCT申请序列No.US2006/016370中进一步公开了所关心的活性剂,该申请的内容经引用并入本文中。
药物活性剂合成物可以进一步包括如上所述的赋形剂组分。赋形剂组分可以包括一个或多个成分,所述成分包括但不限于填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、着色剂等。在作为WO2006/116718公布的PCT申请序列No.US2006/016370中进一步公开了所关心的赋形剂组分,该申请的内容经引用并入本文中。可在Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mace Publishing Company,Philadelphia,Pa.,17th ed.(1985)中找到可在本发明的合成物中存在的组分的另外公开。
在一些示例中,方法可包括提供与载体组件中的活性剂合成物分离的填充剂合成物。例如,在一些示例中,载体部件填充有药物活性剂合成物和不同的填充剂合成物二者,其中填充剂合成物可被包括进以用于各种不同的用途。所关心的一类填充剂合成物是为药剂合成物添加比胃液密度大的密度的填充剂合成物。因此,所关心的填充剂合成物是为药剂合成物添加了0.8或更大的密度的填充剂合成物,诸如1.0或更大且包括1.2或更大的密度。任何方便的材料可以用作填充剂合成物,包括上文描述为赋形剂组分的材料。
还可以包括填充剂,以填充当诸如可吸收事件标记符(IEM,也称为离子发射模块)识别器的装置或识别器放置到载体部件的内部时存在的任何空隙。药剂的识别器部件提供了多个优点。识别器的存在使得可以监测给药的确切时间和频率以及病人的反应。可利用本发明的方法和药剂获得的该信息能够用于许多设定,诸如例如提高临床研究的总体质量和精度。利用该信息,可易于识别出临床试验中遵守治疗给药方案的成员且排除不遵守治疗给药方案的成员,从而获得与给定的活性剂的功效有关的更精确的数据。该信息还可以与各种类型的生理数据组合,从而获得与给定活性剂的效果有关的更综合的信息。
本发明的方法还由药剂师使用,即使所关心活性剂的原来制造商不提供包括IEM的药剂,药剂师也可制备出包括IEM的为病人定制的药剂。IEM是尺寸设计为可吸收的且包括导电控制模块和在与导电流体接触时完成工作的局部电源的装置。由于IEM的尺寸设计为可吸收的,因此IEM的尺寸设计为使得它们可放置于人的口中且被吞咽。在一些示例中,本发明的IEM具有30mm或更小的最长尺寸,诸如20mm或更小,包括5mm或更小。因此,当前可获得的任何药剂合成物均可与利用本发明的方法和部件的IEM相关联。
在将药剂活性剂合成物(和按期望任意任选的填充剂合成物)放置到载体部件的内部容积中之后,然后用封盖密封所生成的经充填后的载体部件。封盖是这样一种结构,其构造为以密封关系与载体部件的敞开端配合,使得当封盖与载体部件的敞开端联接时载体部件的内部容积及其内含物(药剂活性剂合成物)被密封于由载体和封盖限定的药剂结构的外部环境,使得气体和液体可不易于穿经药剂结构的外部环境和内部环境之间。封盖可由任何适当的材料制成,包括上文结合载体部件描述的材料。在一些示例中,封盖由微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和硬脂酸镁制成。
本发明的封盖包括一个或多个IEM识别器。上述一个或多个IEM可以存在于封盖的各个不同位置处,包括内部位置和外部位置。内部位置包括构造为接收IEM的限定在封盖的内部的区域。外部位置包括外表面和内表面。封盖的外表面是当封盖与载体部件处于密封关系时朝向封盖的外部环境的那些表面。外表面可以按期望为封盖的侧表面或封盖的顶表面。封盖的内表面为当封盖与载体部件处于密封关系时朝向由载体部件和封盖限定的内部容积的那些表面。给定的封盖可包括单个IEM或者两个或多个IEM,诸如三个或更多的可吸收事件标识符。
上述一个或多个IEM与封盖稳定地联接。因此,利用例如粘合剂,将识别器固定到封盖的位置,诸如封盖的外表面。所关心的粘合剂包括但不限于:糖和纤维素粘合剂、诸如玉米醇溶蛋白或酪蛋白的蛋白质粘合剂、有机硅粘合剂、包括丙烯酸粘合剂和甲基丙烯酸粘合剂的聚合粘合剂、虫胶等。
所关心的IEM是通过在IEM与目标生理位置(或多个位置)接触时生成流过诸如导电流体等导电环境的唯一电流签名,来传送信息的识别器。IEM可根据本发明的特定实施方式和期望应用而改变,只要IEM在与诸如胃液或肠液的目标生理位置接触时被激活(接通)即可。因此,IEM可以是当在目标部位被激活时,例如当IEM接触目标身体部位时,生成用信息编码的唯一电流签名的识别器。IEM可以为能够在激活之后提供可检测信号的任何部件或装置。根据本发明各方面的IEM包括用于生成唯一电流签名的控制单元。IEM可以配置为一旦合成物与生理目标部位形成接触就生成唯一电流签名。根据实施方式,目标生理部位或位置可以改变,其中所关心的代表性目标生理部位包括但不限于:胃肠道中的位置,诸如口、食道、胃、小肠、大肠等。IEM可以配置为无论目标部位的特定合成物如何,在与例如胃液等目标部位处的流体接触时被激活。根据期望,识别器可以配置为在合成物与目标生理部位接触之后通过询问而被激活。IEM可以配置为在特定时间段之后被激活,其中在特定时间段之后到达目标部位。
根据特殊应用的需要,从IEM获得的信息可以为属类的,以使信息仅识别合成物已接触到目标部位。替代地,信息可以为唯一的,所述信息以某方式唯一地识别出在批量药剂中来自一组或多个不同标识符的特定IEM已接触到目标生理部位。因此,IEM可以为当与批量药剂一起使用时、发射不能够与该批量中的任何其它药剂成员的IEM发射的电流签名区分开的电流签名的IEM。替代地,该批量中的各IEM可以发射至少相对于该批量中的所有其它IEM而言唯一的信号。在这些示例中,该批量中的各IEM生成唯一识别出那个相对于该批量中所有其它IEM特定的IEM的电流签名。IEM可以发射作为全世界唯一电流签名的唯一电流签名(其中,该电流签名可以相似于人类指纹,人类指纹与任何其他个体的任何其它指纹区分开,且因此在全世界级别上唯一地识别出个体)。电流签名可直接传送与给定事件有关的信息、或者提供识别码,识别码可用于从数据库即将识别码与合成物链接的数据库中获取与事件有关的信息。
IEM的电流生成周期的持续时间可依据本发明的教导而改变,从0.1微秒到48小时或更长,诸如从0.1微秒到24小时或更长,诸如从0.1微秒到4小时或更长,诸如从1秒到4小时,包括从1分钟到10分钟。根据给定的实施方式,IEM可一次生成在电流签名中编码的相同信息;替代地,IEM可以配置为两次或多次生成具有相同信息(完全相同)的电流签名,其中离散的完全相同的电流签名的收集可统称为冗余信号。
除了生成唯一电流签名之外,依据本发明的其它方面,IEM可配置为生成各种不同类型的信号,包括但不限于:RF(射频)信号、磁信号、声音信号等。
IEM可以依据特定实施方式和合成物的期望应用而改变,只要IEM在与诸如胃的目标生理位置接触时被激活(即,接通)即可。IEM包括导电控制单元和通过诸如胃酸等导电流体完成工作的局部电源。所关心的不同类型的IEM的示例包括但不限于在如下申请中描述的那些示例:公布为WO/2006/116718的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2006/016370;公布为WO/2008/052136的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/082563;公布为WO/2008/063626的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/024225;公布为WO/2008/066617的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/022257;公布为WO/2008/095183的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/052845;公布为WO/2008/101107的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/053999;公布为WO/2008/112577的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056296;公布为WO/2008/112578的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056299;PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/077753;以及于2009年9月21日提交的美国专利申请序列no.12/564,017,这些申请的内容经引用并入本文中。
封盖可以具有各种不同的构造,只要封盖构造为当与载体部件的敞开端联接时密封载体部件的敞开端即可。封盖可具有各种不同构造,这些构造容许当封盖与载体部件的敞开端联接时密封载体部件的敞开端。在一些示例中,封盖具有互锁元件,所述互锁元件与载体部件的敞开端的配合元件协同工作以密封载体部件的敞开端。互锁元件的示例为螺纹和卡合配合元件。替代,封盖可以具有构造为压配到载体的内部且密封载体部件的内含物的区域或端部。这种构造的示例是,封盖具有由刚性材料制成的端部,其中端部的构造稍大于载体部件的敞开端。在载体部件的敞开端由弹性体材料制成的情况下,可通过拉伸载体的敞开端将封盖的刚性端部压配到载体的敞开端中。当任何拉伸力从载体的敞开端移除时,载体的敞开端随后将以密封关系与刚性端部接合。替代地,封盖可包括具有一定量柔顺度的可压缩端部。该柔顺度足以使封盖具有如下能力,即通过压缩可压缩端以生成被压缩端、将封盖的被压缩端放置到载体部件的敞开端中、然后移除压缩力,而将封盖的柔顺端压配到载体部件的敞开端的内部。当由于压缩力的移除而使得被压缩端膨胀时,被压缩端以密封关系与载体部件的敞开端的构造相贴合以将载体部件的内含物密封在载体部件内部。
可以多种不同的方式设置带有可压缩端部的封盖。一类可压缩端部是由可压缩材料制成的端部。所关心的可压缩材料是柔顺的。替代地,可压缩端部可以包括使可压缩端部具有可压缩性的一个或多个切除部。
按照期望,封盖可借助于粘合剂固定至载体部件的敞开端,其中上文提供了适当的粘合剂的示例。因此,封盖可胶粘到载体部件的敞开端上,以便于密封载体部件的敞开端。
在一些示例中,通路或类似的结构设置在载体和/或封盖中,这有利于药剂形式的液体渗透、载体部件的溶解和/或降低药剂形式的浮力。当存在时,这些孔的直径的范围可从10-3mm至5mm,诸如直径为0.1mm至2mm。
现在参见图1A和图2A,药剂载体系统10包括封盖20和壳体或外壳50。系统10的壳体50限定腔,且包括敞开端60和封闭端70。封闭端70具有局部刨削的基部,侧壁从所述基部沿向上方向延伸,以在敞开端60处以敞开口部结束从而在其中限定腔。在其它构造中,封闭端70还可为圆形结构,诸如半球形端壁,并且具有圆锥形构造等。
系统10包括在壳体50的内壁上的接合区域65。当封盖20以足以生成壳体50和封盖20之间的密封的方式插入到壳体50的敞开端60中时,接合区域65可与封盖20接合。封盖20和壳体50的尺寸选择为使得在封盖20的外壁和壳体50的接合区域65的内壁之间存在接触。
如上所述,系统10可填充有药物活性剂合成物和/或填充剂合成物。依据本发明的一个方面,系统10填充有药片形式的药物活性剂合成物和两个填充剂合成物。因此,壳体50填充有药物活性剂药片30以及两个填充剂合成物35和37。尽管在由壳体50限定的腔内按特定次序显示,本发明的范围不受药片30以及填充剂合成物35和37的相对位置或次序的限制。例如,药片30可位于如图1A所示的填充剂合成物37的位置处。另外,药片30以及填充剂合成物35和37的取向可翻转以更好地容纳系统10的组件,如图1B和图2B中所示,并且本发明的范围不受此限制。填充剂合成物35和37中的至少一个由使得整个系统10具有密度的材料制成。依据本发明的一个方面,所述密度可大于系统10进入或被导入的环境诸如胃液的密度。因此,填充剂合成物35和37中的任一个可用于改变系统10的浮力;另一填充剂合成物可用于防止药片30和另一填充剂合成物在由壳体50限定的腔内移动。依据本发明的另一方面,两个填充剂合成物均可用于改变系统10的浮力。依据本发明的教导,填充剂合成物中的任一个可由药剂代替,使得系统10包括在不同时间或同时释放到周围环境中的两个(或多个?)不同的药物活性剂。
现在参见图1A和图1B,在组装系统10时,诸如药片30的药物活性剂、以及两个填充剂合成物35和37位于壳体50的内部,如图所示。该定位步骤可通过手动方式或通过自动方法来实现,自动方法诸如通过使用组装机器、远程机器人或其它自动化装置。在将药片30以及填充剂合成物35和37放置到壳体50中之后,壳体50的敞开端60由封盖20密封以密封系统10。用封盖20密封壳体50的敞开端60可通过手动方式或通过自动方法来实现,自动方法诸如通过使用组装机器、远程机器人或其它自动化装置。
如图1A和图2A所示,包含药片30以及填充剂合成物35和37的由壳体50限定的腔用封盖20密封。封盖20可压配到壳体50的敞开端60的内部。依据本发明的另一方面,封盖20可胶粘到接合区域65。
现在参见图1A和图2A,封盖20包括在其顶部外表面上的装置40,诸如IEM。装置40通过利用适当的固定方法固定到封盖20的上表面。例如,依据本发明的一个方面,装置40利用适当的粘合剂胶粘到封盖20。替代地,如图1B和图2B中所示,装置40可固定到封盖20的底部内表面,使得当封盖20位于壳体50的腔内时,装置40被密封在壳体50的腔内并防止装置40与系统10被导入其中的周围环境接触,直到封盖20从壳体50释放为止。
依据本发明的另一方面,装置40包括如PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/077753中描述的虚拟偶极元件;该申请的内容经引用并入本文。依据本发明的另一方面,装置40可以是不可见的。
现在参见图1A和图2A,封盖20包括配合到壳体50的敞开端60中的插入部80,如上文所述。插入部80与装置40位于其上的表面相对。如图所示,插入部80限定至少一个切除部90,切除部90允许插入部80配合到敞开端60的内部。敞开端60可以是可延展的,以便于拉伸且压配到插入部80上,并且提供紧固配合。因此,当用于将插入部80密封到敞开端60中时,封盖20可被挤压以配合到壳体50的敞开端60中。
现在参考图1B和图2B,封盖20包括配合到壳体50的敞开端60中的插入部80,如上文所述。插入部80定位为紧靠近封盖20的底表面。封盖20的底表面形成为接收定位到底表面且紧固到底表面上的装置40的形状。如图所示,插入部80限定多个切除部90,这些切除部90允许插入部80配合到敞开端60的内部。然而,本发明的范围不受封盖20的底表面上切除部的形状或数量的限制。敞开端60可以是可延展的,以便于拉伸且压配到插入部80上,并且提供紧固配合。替代地并且依据本发明的另一方面,敞开端60可以为刚性的且成锥形(未示出)以配合地接收封盖20的锥形插入部(未示出),其中敞开端60的锥形部和封盖20的锥形插入部胶粘到一起。因此,封盖20可被挤压且胶粘到壳体50的敞开端60中,以便将封盖20固定到壳体50上。
现在参见图3A、图3B和图3C,封盖20包括插入部80。依据本发明的一个方面,插入部80限定四个槽道或切除部92、94、96和98。每个切除部具有近月牙形,如图所示。然而,切除部92、94、96和98可具有便于将封盖20配合到敞开端60中的任何适当的形状,诸如多边形形状。如图所示,封盖20的插入部80包括周向环形斜角突棱。
在一些示例中,固定至壳体50的端部的封盖20可由顶盖部件覆盖。顶盖部件可由多种材料制成,诸如为载体部件采用的材料中的任一种。顶盖可由不透明材料制成,以便于遮挡装置40的存在以及防止在封装和处理过程中与周围环境接触。顶盖部件可为弹性体,例如以提供紧固配合到与载体部件处于密封关系的封盖上。
现在参见图4,依据本发明的另一方面,药剂系统130包括顶盖132。药剂系统130包括由封盖134密封的载体部件140。封盖134包括在其外表面上的装置136,诸如电流签名生成装置或IEM。位于封盖134上方的是顶盖132。顶盖132固定至载体部件140,如图所示;这防止一旦药剂系统130被吸收,装置136和导电流体之间接触。一旦顶盖132从载体部件140释放,装置136与周围环境形成接触,并且如果该环境包括诸如胃液的导电流体,那么装置136被激活且生成电流签名,所述电流签名能够被检测出且被解码以获取信息。
按照期望,准备药剂递送系统的方法可进一步包括制备安慰剂药剂。安慰剂药剂可以与制备包括药物活性剂的药剂类似的方式制备,除了药物活性剂不放置到载体部件的内部之外。替代地,例如如上所述,缺少活性剂的赋形剂合成物放置到载体部件的内部、然后用封盖进行密封。制备安慰剂的方法包括在临床试验中药剂要采用的方法。
依据本发明的又一方面,制备药剂递送系统的方法可进一步包括例如单独地或与填充剂结合的方式制备在载体内具有装置的药剂。在其它应用中,这些方面可便于经由唯一电流签名的生成来标记药剂递送系统的吸收事件。
依据本发明的另一方面,两个不同的药剂可放置在壳体50内,且由填充剂合成物分隔开。在两个不同的药物制剂必须混合到溶液中以变得活性的的示例中,这种物理分离是有益的。因此,在壳体50溶解时,两个单独的药物制剂释放到诸如胃液的周围流体中。这使得两个之前分离的药物制剂形成接触且结合,从而使得两个不同的药物制剂精确地递送到目标部位处且使两个不同的药剂在目标部位处结合。
本发明的多个方面进一步包括使用根据如上所述的方法生成的药剂的方法。一般地,本发明的方法包括例如通过使受治疗者咽下本发明的药剂,将一个或多个药剂给送到受治疗者。药剂可给送到各种不同类型的受治疗者。通常这些受治疗者是“哺乳类”或“哺乳动物”,其中这些术语宽泛地用于描述在类哺乳类内的生物体,依次包括食肉动物(例如狗和猫)、啮齿类(例如,老鼠、天竺鼠和鼠),以及灵长类(例如人类、黑猩猩和猴子)。在咽下之后,唯一电流签名由IEM生成且借助于例如接收器而被检测,所述接收器诸如在如下PCT申请中描述的接收器:公布为WO/2006/116718的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2006/016370;公布为WO/2008/052136的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/082563;公布为WO/2008/063626的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/024225;公布为WO/2008/066617的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/022257;公布为WO/2008/095183的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/052845;公布为WO/2008/101107的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/053999;公布为WO/2008/112577的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056296;公布为WO/2008/112578的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056299;PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/077753;于2009年10月13日提交的美国专利申请序列no.61/251,088;以及于2009年12月15日提交的PCT专利申请序列no.PCT/US2009/068128,上述各申请的内容经引用并入本文中。
例如如上所述的制备药剂且将药剂给送到受治疗者的方法可用于各种不同的应用中。所关心的一个应用是将药剂的识别器用作IEM。本发明的药剂可用于治疗药物应用和非治疗药物应用二者,诸如在如下申请中描述的:公布为WO/2006/116718的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2006/016370;公布为WO/2008/052136的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/082563;公布为WO/2008/063626的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/024225;公布为WO/2008/066617的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/022257;公布为WO/2008/095183的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/052845;公布为WO/2008/101107的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/053999;公布为WO/2008/112577的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056296;公布为WO/2008/112578的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056299;以及PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/077753;上述申请的内容经引用并入本文中。
所关心的应用包括自动检测和识别实际递送到身体中的药剂,可通过如下过程完成:(1)监测病人对处方治疗给药方案的坚持;(2)基于病人的坚持调整治疗给药方案;(3)在临床试验中监测病人的坚持;(4)监测受控物质的使用等。在如下申请中更加详细地说明这些不同的示例性应用中的每个:公布为WO/2006/116718的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2006/016370;公布为WO/2008/052136的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/082563;公布为WO/2008/063626的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/024225;公布为WO/2008/066617的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2007/022257;公布为WO/2008/095183的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/052845;公布为WO/2008/101107的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/053999;公布为WO/2008/112577的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056296;公布为WO/2008/112578的PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/056299;以及PCT申请序列no.PCT/US2008/077753;上述申请的内容经引用并入本文中。
在一些实施方式中,在临床试验中采用了制成本发明的药剂的方法。实施本发明的方法和合成物包括多病人研究的临床试验,使得可为新的药物活性剂收集安全性和功效数据。临床试验的示例包括这样的研究:最初调查者使健康志愿者和/或病人参加小型试验性的研究,随后是对病人进行较大规模的研究,这些研究通常将新型产品与当前处方治疗进行比较。此外,临床试验还可以将所关心的活性剂与安慰剂合成物进行比较。在这些示例中,安慰剂可以与制成本发明的药剂的方法类似的方式制成,唯一的区别在于,药物活性剂合成物不密封在载体部件中。由于在给定临床试验中收集到积极的安全性和功效数据,可增加病人的数量。临床试验的规模可从一个国家的单个中心变化到多个国家的多中心试验。
借助于根据本发明制备的药剂进行临床试验提供了多个优点。一个优点是,临床试验管理者(正在操控临床试验的实体)可使用标准的载体部件和封盖,且按照给定药物活性剂合成物的需要对这些载体部件和封盖进行定制。
如上所述,还提供了包括本发明的一个或多个药剂的系统。除了本发明的药剂之外,依据本发明的教导,系统可包括与身体相关联的信号接收器,信号接收器用于检测电压电位(voltage potential)的变化,电压电位代表根据本发明教导从药剂载体接收的编码信息。所关心的与身体相关联的接收器包括在公布为WO/2008/095183的PCT/US2008/052845、和公布为WO/2006/116718的PCT/US2006/016370中描述的接收器;这些申请的内容经引用并入本文中。如这些并入的申请中描述的,接收器可植入病人的身体或在病人的身体表面上。上述系统可进一步包括附加的数据中继和/或处理部件,诸如无线通信装置(诸如移动电话);可用于计算机和信息系统中的数据处理器等。
还提供了用于实施主题方法的套件。套件可包括本发明的一个或多个载体部件和相关封盖,如上文所述的。装备套件的载体部件和相关封盖,以接收待被密封到其中的一个或多个药物活性剂合成物的药剂;诸如与方便套件单独提供的药物活性剂合成物。按照期望,套件还可以包括一个或多个填充剂合成物。给定套件可以包括足够的载体部件和封盖,以制成一个或多个药剂,包括5个或更多个,诸如50个或更多个、100个或更多个、1000个或更多个、5000个或更多个、或10000个或更多个。
主题套件还可以包括如何利用套件的部件实施主题方法的指令。指令可记录在适当的记录介质或基底上。例如,指令可印制在基底上,诸如纸张或塑料等。因此,在为套件的容器或套件的部件(即,与封装或子封装相关联的)打标签等时,指令可作为封装插入件存在于套件中。在其它的实施方式中,指令作为存在于诸如CD-ROM、软磁盘等适当的计算机可读存储介质上的电子存储数据文件而存在。在另外的其它实施方式中,实际的指令不存在于套件中,而是提供用于经由例如因特网从远程源获得指令的装置。该实施方式的示例是包括网络地址的套件,通过所述网络地址可以查看指令、和/或可以从所述网络地址下载指令。与指令相同,用于获得指令的手段记录到适当的基底上。
主题套件的一些或全部部件可以适当封装方式进行封装以保持无菌。按照期望,套件的部件封装在套件容纳元件中,以形成单个易于处理的单元,其中套件容纳元件可以为盒或类似结构,并且可以为气密性容器或者可不为气密性容器。
应当理解的是,本发明不限于描述的特定实施方式,因此可以改变。还可以理解的是,本文使用的术语仅是为了说明特定实施方式的目的,并且无意限制,因为本发明的范围仅由随附的权利要求限定。
在提供数值范围的情况下,可以理解,除非上下文清晰说明,该范围的上下限之间的每个中间值以及所阐述范围内的任何其它所陈述的值或中间值均包括在本发明中,其中下限精确到十分位。这些较小范围的上限和下限,在任何特别排除阐述范围内的极限值的条件下,可独立地包括在较小范围内并也包括在本发明内。在所阐述范围包括这些极限值的一个或两个的情况下,将这些所包括的极限值的任一个或两个排除的范围也包括在本发明内。
除非另外限定,本文所用的所有科技术语的含义与本发明所属领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。虽然与本文所述的方法和材料相似或等同的任何方法和材料也可用于实施或测试本发明,但现在描述代表性例示的方法和材料。
在该说明书中引用的所有公开文献和专利经引用并入本文中,就像每个单独的公开文献或专利被特别地和单独地说明从而经引用并入,并且经引用并入本文以公开和描述与所引用的公开文献相关的方法和/或材料。对任何公开文献的引用是针对在本发明申请日之前的公开内容,并且不应该理解为承认本发明因先前发明而不是先于这种公开文献。此外,所提供的公开文献的日期可能与可能需要单独确认实际公开文献的日期不同。
注意到,如本文所用的以及在所附权利要求中,单数形式的“一”、“一个”以及“该”包括复数事物,除非上下文另外清晰地说明。另外注意,权利要求可撰写成排除任何选择性元素。同样,这种阐述意图用作结合权利要求元素叙述的诸如“仅”、“只”等这种排他性术语使用、或者“否定”限制的使用的前提基础。
本文呈现出某些范围,这些范围以前面用术语“约”修饰的数值表示。术语“约”在本文中用于为“约”在前面进行修饰的精确数字、以及接近或近似于“约”在前面进行修饰的数字,提供文字支持。在判定数字是否接近或近似于特别列举的数字时,接近或近似的未引用数字可以为这样的数字:在该数字出现的上下文中,该数字提供了与特别列举数字的大致等同。
在本领域技术人员在研读该公开内容时,本文所述的和图示的单独实施方式中的每一个具有分离的部件和结构,在不脱离本发明范围或主旨的情况下,这些分离的部件和特征可易于与其它若干实施方式中的任一个中的结构分开或结合。任何引述的方法均可按照引用事例的顺序、或按照逻辑上可能的任何其它顺序实施。
尽管为了清晰理解的目的已经通过图示和示例的方式在一定详细程度上描述了前述的发明,对于本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是,依据本发明的教导,可以在不脱离所附权利要求的主旨或范围的情况下,可对本发明进行某些变化和变型。

Claims (25)

1.一种用于跟踪递送参数的药剂递送系统,所述系统包括:
载体壳体,载体壳体具有封闭端和敞开端,其中所述载体壳体限定腔;
药剂,药剂位于所述载体壳体的所述腔内;以及
封盖,封盖包括顶端和底端,其中所述底端包括密封部,所述密封部与所述载体壳体的所述敞开端物理连通,以密封容纳所述药剂的所述腔;以及
与所述系统相关联的装置,其中所述装置生成用于传送信息的可识别电流签名。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述装置固定至所述封盖的顶部,使得在所述载体壳体与周围环境形成接触时,所述装置能够与周围环境形成接触。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述密封部限定至少一个槽道,所述槽道使得所述封盖能被压配到所述载体壳体的所述敞开端中。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述装置固定至所述底端,使得在所述系统被吸收并且所述封盖与所述载体壳体分开之后,所述装置与周围环境形成接触。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述密封部利用粘合剂固定至所述载体壳体的所述敞开端。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述装置包括:
框架;
导电控制模块,导电控制模块固定到所述框架内,用于生成表示所述信息的所述可识别电流签名;
第一材料,第一材料固定至所述框架,且电耦合至所述导电控制模块;以及
第二材料,第二材料固定至所述框架,且电耦合至所述导电控制模块,
其中,所述第一材料和所述第二材料由非导电材料分隔开,且被选择为当与导电流体接触时产生电压电位。
7.一种药剂载体,包括:
壳体,壳体限定腔,其中所述壳体包括敞开端和封闭端;
用于改变所述载体的浮力的器械,所述器械位于所述壳体的所述腔内;
封盖,封盖包括顶端和底端,其中所述底端限定至少一个槽道,所述槽道用于将所述封盖配合到所述壳体的所述敞开端中,以密封所述腔的内含物;以及
电流控制装置,电流控制装置固定至所述封盖,且用于生成唯一电流签名,其中所述电流控制装置包括:
导电控制模块,导电控制模块固定在框架内,用于生成可识别电流签名;以及
局部电源,局部电源包括彼此绝缘的第一材料和第二材料,并且所述第一材料和所述第二材料中的每一个电耦合至所述导电控制模块,其中所述第一材料和所述第二材料固定至所述框架。
8.如权利要求7所述的载体,其中,当所述第一材料和所述第二材料通过与它们接触的导电流体电耦合时,所述电流控制装置的所述局部电源产生电压电位,并且所述电压电位用于激活所述导电控制模块以生成所述可识别电流签名。
9.如权利要求8所述的载体,其中,所述电流控制装置固定至所述封盖的所述顶端,以使大约在所述壳体与导电流体形成接触的同时所述电流控制装置与所述导电流体形成接触,并且因此所述电流控制装置在与所述导电流体接触时被激活。
10.如权利要求8所述的载体,其中,所述电流控制装置固定至所述封盖的所述顶端,并且其中,所述载体进一步包括位于所述封盖的所述顶端上方的顶盖,以使所述顶盖防止所述导电流体与所述电流控制装置接触,直到所述顶盖溶解为止,这使得在所述载体导入环境的时间与所述导电控制模块的激活之间存在延迟,且因此延迟了所述可识别电流签名的生成。
11.如权利要求8所述的载体,其中,所述电流控制装置固定至所述封盖的所述底端,以使在所述封盖与所述壳体分开之后,所述电流控制装置与周围环境形成接触,从而使所述电流控制装置延迟生成所述可识别电流签名。
12.如权利要求7所述的载体,其中,所述封盖包括位于所述底端处的锥形部,并且所述壳体包括位于所述敞开端处的锥形部,以使所述锥形部阳-阴配合且胶粘到一起,从而将所述封盖固定到所述壳体的所述敞开端中以密封所述腔。
13.如权利要求7所述的载体,其中,所述封盖以机械方式配合到所述壳体的所述敞开端以密封所述壳体的所述腔。
14.如权利要求7所述的载体,进一步包括位于所述壳体的所述腔内的药剂。
15.如权利要求7所述的载体,其中,所述器械具有使所述装置具有大于胃液的密度的密度的合成物。
16.一种用于提供与药剂产品的吸收相关联的信息的可吸收载体,所述载体包括:
可溶解壳体,壳体限定腔,其中所述壳体包括敞开端和封闭端,并且所述药剂产品能够位于由所述壳体限定的所述腔内;
封盖,封盖包括顶端和包含固定部的底端,其中所述固定部限定多个槽道,所述槽道使所述封盖插入到所述壳体的所述敞开端中;以及
电流签名生成装置,电流签名生成装置与所述载体相关联,用于生成表示与所述药剂产品的吸收相关联的所述信息的电流签名,其中所述装置包括:
框架;
导电控制模块,导电控制模块固定至所述框架,用于生成表示所述信息的所述电流签名;以及
局部电源,局部电源包括分别电耦合到所述导电控制模块的第一材料和第二材料,其中所述第一材料和所述第二材料固定至所述框架且由非导电材料分隔开,并且其中,当所述第一材料和所述第二材料通过与它们接触的导电流体电耦合时,所述局部电源产生电压电位,并且所述电压电位激活所述导电控制模块且因此激活所述装置。
17.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述装置固定至所述封盖的所述顶端,以使所述装置大约在所述壳体接触所述导电流体的同时接触所述导电流体。
18.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述装置位于所述封盖的所述顶端上,并且其中,所述载体进一步包括围绕所述封盖定位且固定至所述封盖的顶盖,以使得所述顶盖通过延迟所述装置和所述导电流体之间的接触而使所述装置的激活延迟、且因此使所述电流签名的生成延迟。
19.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述装置固定至固定端的底部,以使得在所述壳体溶解到所述封盖被释放的程度之后所述装置与所述导电流体形成接触,从而使电流签名的生成延迟。
20.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述装置放置到由所述壳体限定的所述腔内。
21.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述载体进一步包括位于由所述壳体限定的所述腔内的填充剂合成物,以防止所述药剂产品和所述装置在由所述壳体限定的所述腔内运动。
22.如权利要求16所述的载体,进一步包括位于由所述壳体限定的所述腔内的浮力改变装置。
23.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述固定部胶粘到所述壳体的所述敞开端中。
24.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述固定部以机械方式固定到所述壳体的所述敞开端。
25.如权利要求16所述的载体,其中,所述固定部压配到所述壳体的所述敞开端。
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