CN102333840A - 包含相对渗透性改性剂的处理液和使用方法 - Google Patents

包含相对渗透性改性剂的处理液和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN102333840A
CN102333840A CN201080009127XA CN201080009127A CN102333840A CN 102333840 A CN102333840 A CN 102333840A CN 201080009127X A CN201080009127X A CN 201080009127XA CN 201080009127 A CN201080009127 A CN 201080009127A CN 102333840 A CN102333840 A CN 102333840A
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布拉德利·L·托德
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Abstract

本发明提供用于处理地层的处理液和方法。在某些实施方案中，提供一种方法，所述方法包括提供包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、和携带液的处理液，使地层中的至少一部分滤饼与所述处理液接触，并且去除至少一部分滤饼。

Description

包含相对渗透性改性剂的处理液和使用方法
发明背景
本发明涉及有效用于地下作业的流体，更具体地，涉及用于去除地层中的滤饼的新型处理液和方法。
当井身钻到地层中时，使用钻井液，其将最小化对地层渗透性和它们产生烃类的能力的损害。当在生产层进行完井作业或当在地层中进行修井作业时，可以使用维修液(servicing fluid)。钻井液和维修液可以在生产层内的井身的壁上沉积一层称为“滤饼”的颗粒。所述滤饼特别可以防止钻井液和维修液漏失在地层中和/或限制钻井固体进入生产层的孔隙中。
在特定地层中钻的井身有时作为裸眼井完成，即，其中没有安装套管或尾管。可以使用在本领域中称为“钻井完井液(drill-in fluids)”的专用钻井液来钻所述井身，除其它原因之外，以最小化对生产区或地层的渗透性的损害。钻井完井液可以在井身的壁上形成滤饼，其可能防止或减少钻井过程中的流体损失，并且当完成钻井时，可能在后续的完井作业(诸如在井身中放置砾石充填)中，稳定井身。
在已经完成井身中的完井作业后，必须去除保留在井身壁上的滤饼。除其它方式外，这可以通过使滤饼与酸水溶液接触实现。然而，使用酸水溶液对员工可能是有危险的，或者可能引起井身中的表面和/或设备的腐蚀。此外，酸水溶液可能在初始接触点处与井身迅速反应，从而产生流体漏失区，其余的酸漏失到漏失区中，这使得大部分滤饼没有得到处理并且保留在原位。
作为一种备选方法，已经使用产生酸的化合物替代酸水溶液进行滤饼去除。产生酸的化合物随时间推移而产生酸，并且因此可能对员工危险不大。由于这种时间依赖性的酸释放，这些化合物也可以随着它们与滤饼反应能够进一步流到井身中或者完全经过目的时间间隔，这去除大量的滤饼并且减少漏失区的产生。
所述使用产生酸的化合物的处理可以独立于其它工序进行，或者它们可以在完井作业(诸如安装砂筛和/或砾石充填)过程中进行。在用于完井作业的流体中包含这些化合物可以提供更加省时和更加节约成本的完井程序。然而，由于不可能预先精确地知晓准确的开采条件和钻井完井液滤饼的组成，破碎不可能在计划时间内完成。然后，在完井液中包含这些化合物可能导致部分滤饼的过早去除，这可能导致完井液漏失到周围的部分地层中。使用这些化合物的处理也可能需要大量的检测，以确定所述化合物的准确量，从而最有效地产生理想的时间-依赖性滤饼去除。
发明概述
本发明涉及有效用于地下作业的流体，更具体地，涉及用于去除地层中的滤饼的新型处理液和方法。
按照本发明的第一方面，提供一种方法，所述方法包括提供包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、和携带液的处理液，使地层中的至少一部分滤饼与所述处理液接触，并且去除至少一部分滤饼。在一个实施方案中，所述处理液还包含多种微粒，并且所述方法还包括：将至少一部分所述多种微粒沉积在一部分地层中以形成砾石充填同时去除包含在一部分所述地层中的至少部分滤饼。
按照本发明的另一方面，提供一种方法，所述方法包括提供包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、多种微粒、和携带液的处理液，使一部分地层与所述处理液接触，并且将至少一部分所述多种微粒沉积在一部分地层中以形成砾石充填同时去除包含在一部分所述地层中的至少一部分滤饼。
按照本发明的另一方面，提供一种处理液，其包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、和携带液。在某些实施方案中，所述处理液还包含多种微粒。所述处理液可以用于本发明的方法。
本发明的特征和优点对于本领域的那些技术人员将是明显的。尽管本领域技术人员可以进行多种改变，所述改变仍在本发明的范围之内。
优选实施方案描述
本发明涉及有效用于地下作业的流体，并且更具体地，涉及用于去除地层中的滤饼的新型处理液和方法。
本发明的处理液通常包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、和携带液。当用于本文时，“相对渗透性改性剂”是指任何能够至少部分减少地层对水性流体的渗透性而基本上不减少地层对烃类的渗透性的物质。当用于本文时，术语“延迟滤饼破碎剂”是指能够在需要的时长后去除井身中的至少部分滤饼的任何物质或组合物。本发明的处理液和方法可以用于在完井作业过程中或之后去除滤饼，其以这样的方式进行：尤其是，其可以减少或防止液体向地层的不必要的漏失和/或促进从地层和井身更均匀或完全地去除滤饼。另外，本发明的处理液和方法可以允许使用高浓度的延迟滤饼破碎剂。本发明的处理液和方法还可以减少可能与使用包含延迟滤饼破碎剂的常规处理液相关的大量的检测。
本发明的处理液的携带液可以是包含水性组分的任何流体。适当的水性组分可以包括，但不限于，淡水、盐水、浓盐水(brine)(例如，饱和的或不饱和的盐水)、或海水。一般地，所述水性组分可以来自任何来源，条件是其不包含可能不利地影响处理液中的其它组分的组分。适当的携带液可以是水性流体、乳液或泡沫。依据本公开内容，本领域的普通技术人员能够知晓适合用于本发明的处理液和方法的携带液。
有效用于本发明的相对渗透性改性剂(relative permeability modifier)可以包含适用于地下作业的任何相对渗透性改性剂。在将相对渗透性改性剂引入到部分地层中后，据信其粘合在地层孔隙内的表面上，以减少这部分地层对水性流体的渗透性而基本上不改变其对烃类的渗透性。适当的相对渗透性改性剂的实例包括有或无疏水性或亲水性修饰的水溶性聚合物。当用于本文时，“水溶性”是指在蒸馏水中溶解至少0.01重量％。有疏水性修饰的水溶性聚合物在本文中是指“疏水性修饰的聚合物”。当用于本文时，术语“疏水性修饰”或“疏水性修饰的”是指将疏水基团结合到亲水性聚合物结构中，其中烷基链长度为约4-约22个碳。有亲水性修饰的水溶性聚合物在本文中是指“亲水性修饰的聚合物”。当用于本文时，术语“亲水性修饰”或“亲水性修饰的”是指将亲水基团结合到亲水性聚合物结构中，以在所述亲水性聚合物中引入支链或增加支化度。可以包括疏水性修饰的聚合物、亲水性修饰的聚合物、和无疏水性或亲水性修饰的水溶性聚合物的组合作为本发明的处理液或方法中的相对渗透性改性剂。
有效用于本发明的疏水性修饰的聚合物典型地具有约100,000-约10,000,000范围内的分子量。尽管这些疏水性修饰的聚合物在亲水聚合物结构中结合了疏水基团，它们应该保持为水溶性的。在一些实施方案中，在所述疏水性修饰的化合物中亲水单体与疏水化合物的摩尔比在约99.98∶0.02至约90∶10的范围内，其中所述亲水单体是在所述亲水性聚合物中存在的计算量。在某些实施方案中，疏水性修饰的聚合物可以包括聚合物骨架，所述聚合物骨架包含极性杂原子。在疏水性修饰的聚合物的聚合物骨架中存在的极性杂原子可以包括，但不限于，氧、氮、硫、或磷。
所述疏水性修饰的聚合物可以使用任何适当的方法合成。在一个实施例中，所述疏水性修饰的聚合物可以是亲水性聚合物和疏水性化合物的反应产物。在另一个实施例中，所述疏水性修饰的聚合物可以由包括亲水性单体和疏水性修饰的亲水性单体的聚合反应制备。依据本公开内容，本领域的普通技术人员将能够确定其它适于合成适当的疏水性修饰的聚合物的方法。
在某些实施方案中，适当的疏水性修饰的聚合物可以通过对亲水性聚合物进行疏水性修饰合成。适于形成本发明的疏水性修饰的聚合物的亲水性聚合物应该能够与疏水性化合物反应。适当的亲水性聚合物通常可以包括，但不限于，下述的均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物：聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamides)，聚乙烯胺(polyvinylamines)，聚(乙烯胺/乙烯醇)(poly(vinylamines/vinyl alcohols))，丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物(alkyl acrylatepolymers)，以及它们的衍生物。术语“衍生物”包括由所列举化合物中的一种制成的任何化合物，例如，通过用另一种原子或另一组原子替换所列举化合物中的一个原子，将所列举化合物中的两个或多个原子重排，将所列举化合物中的一种电离，或产生所列举化合物中的一种化合物的盐进行。术语“衍生物”还包括所列举化合物的共聚物、三元共聚物和低聚物。丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物的另外的实例包括，但不限于，聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)，聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯(polydimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide)，聚(丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯)(poly(acrylamide/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate))，聚(甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯)(poly(methacrylic acid/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate))，聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯)(poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate))，聚(丙烯酰胺/二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺)(poly(acrylamide/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide))，聚(丙烯酸/二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺)(poly(acrylic acid/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide))，和聚(甲基丙烯酸/二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺)(poly(methacrylic acid/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide))。在某些实施方案中，所述亲水性聚合物包含聚合物骨架和在所述聚合物骨架中或作为侧基的反应性氨基，所述反应性氨基能够与疏水性化合物反应。在一些实施方案中，所述亲水性聚合物可以包含二烷基氨基侧基。在一些实施方案中，所述亲水性聚合物可以包含二甲基氨基侧基和包含甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯或二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺的单体。在本发明的某些实施方案中，所述亲水性聚合物可以包含聚合物骨架，所述聚合物骨架包含极性杂原子，其中在亲水性聚合物的聚合物骨架中存在的所述极性杂原子包括，但不限于，氧、氮、硫或磷。在聚合物骨架中包含极性杂原子的适当的亲水性聚合物可以包括，但不限于，下述的均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物：ascelluloses，脱乙酰壳多糖(chitosans)，聚酰胺(polyamides)，聚醚胺(polyetheramines)，聚乙烯亚胺(polyethyleneimines)，聚羟基醚胺(polyhydroxyetheramines)，聚赖氨酸(polylysines)，聚砜(polysulfones)，树胶，淀粉，以及它们的衍生物。在一个实施方案中，所述淀粉可以是阳离子淀粉。适当的阳离子淀粉可以通过将淀粉(诸如谷物淀粉、玉米淀粉、蜡质种玉米淀粉(waxy maize)、马铃薯淀粉、和/或木薯淀粉)与表氯醇(epichlorohydrin)和三烷基胺(trialkylamine)的反应产物反应而形成。
能够与亲水性聚合物反应产生有效用于本发明的相对渗透性改性剂的疏水性化合物可以包括，但不限于，烷基卤(alkyl halides)，磺酸盐(sulfonates)，硫酸盐(sulfates)，有机酸，以及它们的衍生物。适当的有机酸及其衍生物的实例包括，但不限于，辛烯基琥珀酸(octenyl succinicacid)；十二碳烯琥珀酸(dodecenyl succinic acid)；和辛烯基琥珀酸或十二碳烯琥珀酸的酐、酯、酰亚胺和酰胺。在某些实施方案中，所述疏水性化合物可以具有约4-约22个碳的烷基链长度。在另一个实施方案中，所述疏水性化合物可以具有约7-约22个碳的烷基链长度。在另一个实施方案中，所述疏水性化合物可以具有约12-约18个碳的烷基链长度。例如，当所述疏水性化合物是烷基卤时，所述疏水性化合物和亲水性聚合物之间的反应可能导致至少一些亲水性聚合物氨基与烷基卤的季铵化反应，在所述烷基卤中，烷基链长度为约4-约22个碳。
如先前提及的，在某些实施方案中，适当的疏水性修饰的聚合物还可以由包括亲水性单体和疏水性修饰的亲水性单体的聚合反应制备。它们制备的适当方法的实例记述在美国专利号6,476,169中，其全部公开内容通过引用结合在本文中。由聚合反应合成的疏水性修饰的聚合物可以具有约100,000-约10,000,000范围内的估测分子量，和在约99.98∶0.02-约90∶10范围内的亲水性单体与疏水性修饰的亲水单体的摩尔比。
多种亲水性单体可以用来形成有效用于本发明的疏水性修饰的聚合物。适当的亲水性单体的实例包括，但不限于，丙烯酰胺，2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid)，N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(N，N-dimethylacrylamide)，乙烯基吡咯烷酮(vinyl pyrrolidone)，甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)，丙烯酸，二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺(dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide)，乙烯胺(vinyl amine)，乙酸乙烯酯(vinyl acetate)，三甲基氯化铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯(trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride)，甲基丙烯酰胺(methacrylamide)，丙烯酸羟乙酯(hydroxyethyl acrylate)，乙烯基磺酸(vinyl sulfonic acid)，乙烯基膦酸(vinyl phosphonic acid)，甲基丙烯酸，乙烯基己内酰胺(vinyl caprolactam)，N-乙烯基甲酰胺(N-vinylformamide)，N，N-二烯丙基乙酰胺(N，N-diallylacetamide)，二甲基二烯丙基卤化铵(dimethyldiallyl ammonium halide)，衣康酸(itaconic acid)，苯乙烯磺酸(styrene sulfonic acid)，甲基丙烯酰胺基乙基三甲基卤铵(methacrylamidoethyltrimethyl ammonium halide)，丙烯酰胺的季盐衍生物，丙烯酸的季盐衍生物，以及它们的衍生物。
多种疏水性修饰的亲水性单体也可以用来形成有效用于本发明的疏水性修饰的聚合物。适当的疏水性修饰的亲水性单体的实例包括，但不限于，丙烯酸烷基酯(alkyl acrylates)，甲基丙烯酸烷基酯(alkyl methacrylates)，烷基丙烯酰胺(alkyl acrylamides)，烷基甲基丙烯酰胺烷基二甲基卤化铵甲基丙烯酸甲酯(alkyl methacrylamides alkyl dimethylammoniumethylmethacrylate halides)，烷基二甲基卤化铵丙基甲基丙烯酰胺(alkyldimethylammoniumpropyl methacrylamide halides)，以及它们的衍生物，其中烷基基团具有约4-约22个碳原子。在某些实施方案中，所述烷基可以具有约7-约22个碳。在某些实施方案中，所述烷基可以具有约12-约18个碳。在某些实施方案中，所述疏水性修饰的亲水性单体可以包括十八烷基二甲基溴化铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯(octadecyldimethylammoniumethylmethacrylate bromide)，十六烷基二甲基溴化铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯(hexadecyldimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate bromide)，十六烷基二甲基溴化铵甲基丙烯酸丙酯(hexadecyldimethylammoniumpropylmethacrylamide bromide)，甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(2-ethylhexylmethacrylate)，十六烷基甲基丙烯酰胺(hexadecyl methacrylamide)，以及它们的衍生物。
可以由上述反应形成的适当的疏水性修饰的聚合物可以包括，但不限于，丙烯酰胺/十八烷基二甲基溴化铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯物聚合物，甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯/乙烯基吡咯烷酮/十六烷基二甲基溴化铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯三元共聚物，丙烯酰胺/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸/甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯三元共聚物，以及它们的衍生物。由上述反应形成的另一种适当的疏水性修饰的聚合物可以是甲基丙烯酸氨基酯/甲基丙烯酸烷基氨基酯共聚物。适当的甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯/烷基-二甲基铵甲基异丙烯酸酯共聚物可以是二甲基氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯/十六烷基-二甲基铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯共聚物。如先前所讨论的，这些共聚物可以通过与各种烷基卤的反应形成。例如，在一些实施方案中，所述疏水性修饰的聚合物可以是甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯/十六烷基-二甲基溴化铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯共聚物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，所述相对渗透性改性剂可以包括水溶性亲水性修饰的聚合物。本发明的亲水性修饰的聚合物典型地具有约100,000-约10,000,000范围内的分子量。在某些实施方案中，所述亲水性修饰的聚合物包含聚合物骨架，所述聚合物骨架包含极性杂原子。在所述亲水性修饰的聚合物的聚合物骨架中存在的极性杂原子可以包括，但不限于，氧、氮、硫、或磷。
所述亲水性修饰的聚合物可以使用任何适当的方法合成。在一个实施例中，所述亲水性修饰的聚合物可以是亲水性聚合物与亲水性化合物的反应产物。依据本公开内容，本领域的普通技术人员将能够确定适于制备适当的亲水性修饰的聚合物的其它方法。
在某些实施方案中，适当的亲水性修饰的聚合物可以通过另外的亲水性修饰制成，例如，以引入支链或增加亲水性聚合物的支化度。适于形成本发明所用的亲水性修饰的聚合物的聚合物应该能够与亲水性化合物反应。在某些实施方案中，适当的聚合物通常包括，均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物，诸如，但不限于，聚丙烯酰胺，聚乙烯胺，聚(乙烯胺/乙烯醇)，和丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物。可能是适当的丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物的实例包括，但不限于，聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯，聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯，聚(丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯)，聚(甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯)，聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2甲基丙磺酸/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯)，聚(丙烯酰胺基/二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺)，聚(丙烯酸/二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺)，聚(甲基丙烯酸/二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺)，以及它们的衍生物。在某些实施方案中，所述聚合物可以包含聚合物骨架和在所述聚合物骨架中或作为侧基的反应性氨基，所述反应性氨基能够与亲水性化合物反应。在一些实施方案中，所述聚合物可以包含二烷基氨基侧基。在一些实施方案中，所述聚合物包含二甲基氨基侧基和至少一个包含甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯或二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺的单体。在其它实施方案中，所述聚合物可以包含含有极性杂原子的聚合物骨架，其中在所述聚合物的聚合物骨架中存在的极性杂原子可以包括，但不限于，氧、氮、硫、或磷。在聚合物骨架中包含极性杂原子的适当的聚合物可以包括均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物，诸如，但不限于，纤维素，脱乙酰壳多糖，聚酰胺，聚醚胺，聚乙烯亚胺，聚羟基醚胺，聚赖氨酸，聚砜，树胶，淀粉，以及它们的衍生物。在一个实施方案中，所述淀粉可以是阳离子淀粉。适当的阳离子淀粉可以通过将淀粉(诸如谷物淀粉、玉米淀粉、蜡质种玉米淀粉(waxy maize)、马铃薯淀粉、和/或木薯淀粉)与表氯醇(epichlorohydrin)和三烷基胺(trialkylamine)的反应产物反应而形成。
适于与所述聚合物反应的亲水性化合物可以可以包括聚醚，其包括卤素、磺酸酯、硫酸酯、有机酸及其衍生物。适当聚醚的实例包括，但不限于，聚环氧乙烷(polyethylene oxides)，聚环氧丙烷(polypropylene oxides)，和聚环氧丁烷(polybutylene oxides)，以及它们的共聚物、三元共聚物和混合物。在一些实施方案中，聚醚可以包括表氯醇-封端的聚环氧乙烷甲醚。
由聚合物与亲水性化合物反应形成的亲水性修饰的聚合物可以具有约100,000-约10,000,000范围内的估算分子量，并且可以具有约1∶1至约10∶1范围内的亲水性聚合物与聚醚的重量比。具有上述范围内的分子量和重量比的适当的亲水性修饰的聚合物可以包括，但不限于，聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯和表氯醇-封端的聚环氧乙烷甲醚的反应产物，聚二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和表氯醇-封端的聚环氧乙烷甲醚的反应产物，和聚(丙烯酰胺/二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺)与表氯醇-封端的聚环氧乙烷甲醚的反应产物。在一些实施方案中，所述亲水性修饰的聚合物可以包括聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯和表氯醇-封端的聚环氧乙烷甲醚的反应产物，其具有约3∶1的聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯：表氯醇-封端的聚环氧乙烷甲醚的重量比。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，所述相对渗透性改性剂包括无疏水性或亲水性修饰的水溶性聚合物。适当的水溶性聚合物的实例可以包括，但不限于，下述的均聚物、共聚物和三元共聚物：丙烯酰胺，2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸，N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺，乙烯基吡咯烷酮，甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯，丙烯酸，二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺，乙烯胺，乙酸乙烯酯，三甲基氯化铵甲基丙烯酸乙酯，甲基丙烯酰胺，丙烯酸羟乙酯，乙烯基磺酸，乙烯基膦酸，甲基丙烯酸，乙烯基己内酰胺，N-乙烯基甲酰胺，N，N-二烯丙基乙酰胺，二甲基二烯丙基卤化铵，衣康酸，苯乙烯磺酸，甲基丙烯酰胺基乙基三甲基卤化铵，丙烯酰胺的季盐衍生物，丙烯酸的季盐衍生物，以及它们的衍生物。
在某些实施方案中。本发明的处理液可以包括相对渗透性改性剂破碎剂。适当的破碎剂可以包括，但不限于，氧化剂。相对渗透性改性剂破碎剂的选择可以尤其取决于所用的相对渗透性改性剂。依据本公开内容，本领域普通技术人员可以知晓适用于本发明的处理液和方法的适当的相对渗透性改性剂破碎剂。
在本发明的处理液中可以存在足够浓度的适当的相对渗透性改性剂，以足以提供理想的水性流体的转向度(degree of diversion)。要包含在所述处理液中的相对渗透性改性剂的量取决于多种因素，其包括要转向的流体的组成和地层的孔隙度。在一些实施方案中，相对渗透性改性剂可以以组合物重量的约0.05％-约1.5％的量存在于本发明的处理液中。在一些实施方案中，相对渗透性改性剂可以以组合物重量的约0.1％-约0.5％的量存在。在本发明的某些实施方案中，所述相对渗透性改性剂可以以浓缩的水溶液提供，然后其与形成本发明的处理液必需的其它组分组合。
本发明的处理液另外包含延迟滤饼破碎剂。有效用于本发明的处理液和方法的延迟滤饼破碎剂可以包括，但不限于，产生酸的化合物，酶，氧化剂，偶氮化合物，和它们的组合。当用于本文时，术语“产生酸的化合物”是指随着时间推移产生酸的组合物。
可以适用于有效用于本发明的处理液和方法中的延迟滤饼破碎剂的适当的产生酸的化合物的实例包括，但不限于，酯，脂肪族聚酯，原酸酯(ortho esters)，聚原酸酯，原酸醚(ortho ethers)；聚原酸醚；丙交酯(lactides)，聚交酯，乙交酯(glycolides)，聚乙交酯，内酯(lactones)，ε-己内酯(ε-caprolactones)，聚ε-己内酯，羟基丁酸酯(hydroxybutyrates)，聚羟基丁酸酯，酐，聚酐，聚抗坏血酸(polyascorbic acid)，脂肪族碳酸酯(aliphatic carbonates)，脂肪族聚碳酸酯(aliphatic polycarbonates)，氨基酸，聚氨基酸，环氧乙烷(ethylene oxide)，聚环氧乙烷，和聚膦腈(polyphosphazenes)，或它们的共聚物。衍生物和组合也可以是合适的。其它适当的产生酸的化合物可以包括甲酸酯，乙酸酯，和乳酸酯，诸如但不限于，乙二醇单甲酸酯，乙二醇二甲酸酯，二乙二醇二甲酸酯，单甲酸甘油酯，二甲酸甘油酯，三甲酸甘油酯，三乙二醇二甲酸酯，季戊四醇(pentaerythritol)的甲酸酯，三乙酸甘油酯，乳酸甲酯，乳酸丁酯，和它们的衍生物。其它适当的物质可以公开在美国专利号6,877,563和7,021,383中，其完整的公开内容通过引用结合于此。可以适用于本发明的产生酸的化合物的实例可从Halliburton Energy Services，Inc.，Duncan，OK(Halliburton能源服务公司，Duncan，OK)以商品名NFC-2，ED-1，和BDF-325商购。
在处理液中使用产生酸的化合物的那些实施方案中，所述产生酸的化合物可以在向下钻井时以延迟方式产生酸，其可以去除地层中存在的至少一部分滤饼。如果需要，所述产生酸的化合物可以与少量的反应性物质(诸如矿物酸，有机酸，酸性酐，对-甲苯磺酸(p-toluenesulfonic acid)等)反应，以降低pH，从而加速所述产生酸的化合物的水解。类似地，可以通过加入少量的强碱(诸如NaOH，Na2CO3，和Mg(OH)2)而减缓水解速率。所述产生酸的化合物还可以在向下钻井时产生醇，这可能对作业有益。
本领域已知的能够产生酸的任何组合物或方法可以与本发明联合使用。所述组合物和方法的另外的实例包括，但不限于，包封的酸，醛基与氧化剂诸如与还原糖的反应，和/或产生酸和氧化矿物表面的任何发酵工序。
在一些实施方案中，产生酸的化合物可以以组合物重量的约0.5％-约40％的量存在于本发明的处理液中。在本发明的某些实施方案中，所述产生酸的化合物可以以浓缩的水溶液提供，然后其与形成本发明的处理液必需的其它组分组合。
有效用于本发明的处理液和方法的延迟滤饼破碎剂也可以包含酶。在某些实施方案中，有效用于本发明的处理液和方法的延迟滤饼破碎剂中的酶可以催化产生酸的化合物分解以产生酸。在某些实施方案中，酶可以在低于约160℉(71.1℃)的地层温度下包含在有效用于本发明的处理液或方法的延迟滤饼破碎剂中。适当的酶可以包括，但不限于，酯酶，淀粉酶，黄原胶酶(xanthanases)，葡聚糖酶(gluconases)，纤维素酶(cellulases)，甘露聚糖酶(mannanase)，以及它们的任意组合。适当的酶的实例可以包括，但不限于，可以以商品名NFC-3TM和NFC-4TM由Halliburton EnergyServices，Inc.，Duncan，OK商购的，以及以ARCASOLVETM由CleansorbLimited of Guildford，Surrey，United Kingdom商购的那些。在某些实施方案中，所述酶可以以组合物重量的约0.001％-约1％的量存在。
有效用于本发明的处理液和方法中的延迟滤饼破碎剂还可以包括氧化剂。适当的氧化剂的实例可以包括，但不限于，叔丁基过氧化氢(t-butylhydroperoxide)和过硼酸钠。在某些实施方案中，所述氧化剂可以以组合物重量的约0.001％-约5％的量存在。
有效用于本发明的处理液和方法中的延迟滤饼破碎剂还可以包括偶氮化合物。适当的偶氮化合物的实例可以包括，但不限于，2，2’-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)(2，2’-Azobis(2-amidinopropane))，二氢氯化物(dihydrochloride)，2，2’-偶氮双-2-甲基-n-(2-羟基乙基)丙酰胺(2，2’-Azobis-2-methyl-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)propionamide)，4，4’-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)(4，4’-Azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid))。在某些实施方案中，所述偶氮化合物可以以组合物重量的约0.001％-约1％的量存在。也可以使用其它自由基产生剂。
本发明的处理液可以进一步包含微粒，诸如支撑剂微粒或砾石微粒。例如，当在去除滤饼处的至少部分井身中形成砾石充填时，这样的微粒可以包含在本发明的处理液中。适用于本发明的微粒可以包括适用于地下作业的任何物质。对于这些微粒适合的物质可以包括，但不限于，沙，矾土(bauxite)，陶瓷材料，玻璃材料，聚合物材料，TEFLON
Figure BPA00001424020000121
(聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene))材料，坚果壳碎片，包含坚果壳碎片的固化的树脂微粒、种子壳碎片，包含种子壳碎片的固化的树脂微粒、果实核碎片(fruit pit pieces)、包含果实核碎片的固化的树脂微粒，木材，复合微粒，以及它们的组合。适当的复合微粒可以包括粘合剂和填充材料，其中适当的填充材料包括硅石，氧化铝，气相炭黑(fumed carbon)，炭黑，石墨，云母，二氧化钛，偏硅酸盐，硅酸钙，高岭土，滑石，氧化锆，硼，飞灰，空心玻璃微球体，固态玻璃，以及它们的组合。平均微粒尺寸通常可以在美国筛网系列(U.S.Sieve Series)的约2目至约400目范围内；然而，在某些情形中，其它平均微粒尺寸可以是合乎需要的，并且完全适用于本发明的实践。在具体的实施方案中，优选的平均微粒尺寸分布范围为6/12，8/16，12/20，16/30，20/40，30/50，40/60，40/70，或50/70目中的一种或多种。应该理解，当用于本公开内容中时，术语“微粒”包括所有已知形状的物质，包括基本上球形的物质，纤维状的物质，多角形的物质(诸如立方体的物质)，以及它们的混合物。此外，可以或不可以用来承受闭合性破碎的压力的纤维状物质可以包含在本发明的某些实施方案中。在某些实施方案中，在本发明的处理液中包含的微粒可以用本领域普通技术人员已知的任何适当的树脂或增粘剂(tackifying agent)涂覆。在某些实施方案中，所述微粒可以以处理液体积的约0.5磅/加仑(“ppg”)至约30ppg(约60kg/m3至约3600kg/m3)的量存在于本发明的处理液中。
在某些实施方案中，所述延迟滤饼破碎剂可以不依赖于其它的处理液被引入到井身中。在某些实施方案中，所述延迟滤饼破碎剂可以通过将所述延迟滤饼破碎剂置于包含微粒(例如，砾石充填液)的溶液和/或处理液中而引入到在砾石微粒上的井身中，这可以在将支撑剂微粒或砾石微粒引入到井身中之前、过程中、或之后进行。
当与砾石微粒一起引入到井身中时，本发明的处理液和方法可以用于砾石充填作业。所述砾石充填作业可以包括将筛子置于井身中，并且用特地尺寸的砾石充填筛子和井身之间环绕的环状空间，目的是防止地层砂子通过。筛子可以包括过滤配件，其用于在砾石充填作业过程中保留放置的砾石。宽范围的尺寸和筛子构造可以用来适配所用的砾石微粒的特征。类似地，宽范围尺寸的砾石微粒可以用来适配地层中松散的微粒的特征。为了安装砾石充填，砾石可以通过将砾石微粒与本发明的处理液混合以泥浆形式运送到地层。所得到的结构表现为地层砂子移动的屏障然而仍然允许流体流过。
在某些实施方案中，本发明的处理液可以用来涂布用于砾石充填作业的砂筛。涂布的砂筛的实例记述在美国专利申请公布号2005/00072570中，其完整内容通过引用结合于此。
在某些实施方案中，本公开内容还提供至少部分用延迟滤饼破碎剂涂布的微粒。至少部分用滤饼破碎剂涂布的微粒的实例，以及使用所述微粒的方法，记述在美国专利申请公布号2005/0034868中，其完整内容通过引用结合于此。
在一些实施方案中，其它添加剂可以任选地包含在本发明的处理液中。所述添加剂的实例可以包括，但不限于，盐，缓冲剂，pH控制添加剂，气体产生剂，酶底物，另外的表面活性剂(例如，非离子表面活性剂)，流体漏失控制添加剂，酸，气体(例如，氮，二氧化碳)，表面改性剂，增粘剂，发泡剂，腐蚀抑制剂，另外的阻垢剂，催化剂，粘土控制剂，生物杀灭剂，摩擦减小剂，防沫剂，桥接剂，分散剂，凝聚剂，H2S清除剂，CO2清除剂，去氧剂，润滑剂，增粘剂，破碎剂，增重剂，相对渗透性改性剂，树脂，润湿剂，和涂覆增强剂。依据本公开内容，本领域的普通技术人员将知晓所述任选的添加剂应该何时包含在本发明所用的处理液中，以及要包含的那些添加剂的适当的量。
通过不意欲限制本发明的范围的实例的方式，本发明的适当的处理液可以包含10M氯化钠盐水，占组合物重量的15％的NFC-2，和67gal/Mgal(254litre/Mlitre)的HPT-1相对渗透性改性剂(其可从HalliburtonEnergy Services，Inc.，Duncan，OK商购)。
在某些实施方案中，本公开内容提供一种方法，其包括提供包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、和携带液的处理液，使地层中的至少一部分滤饼与所述处理液接触，并且去除至少一部分所述滤饼。
在某些实施方案中，本公开内容提供一种方法，其包括提供包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、多种微粒和携带液的处理液，使一部分地层与所述处理液接触，并且将至少一部分所述多种微粒沉积在一部分地层中以形成砾石充填同时去除在一部分所述地层中包含的至少一部分滤饼。
在某些实施方案中，本公开内容提供一种处理液，其包含相对渗透性改性剂、延迟滤饼破碎剂、多种微粒、和携带液。
为了促进更好地理解本发明，提供下述优选实施方案的实施例。下述实施例不应该以任何方式认为是限制、或限定本发明的范围。
实施例
对来自南美洲近海砂岩地层的岩心样品进行恢复渗透性(regainpermeability)检测。初始煤油渗透性为1478，且初始孔隙度为0.258。在9.3磅/加仑(1114kg/m3)KCl/NaCl中用45lbs/bbl(磅/桶)(128kg/m3)碳酸钙桥接颗粒、1.25lbs/bbl(3.7kg/m3)黄原胶、5lbs/bbl(14.3kg/m3)淀粉衍生物，3.3lbs/bbl(9.4kg/m3)润滑剂、以及杀菌剂、页岩抑制剂(shaleinhibitor)和腐蚀剂配制钻井完井液。将所述钻井完井液在155℉(68.3℃)和500psi(3450kPa)压差下应用到岩心表面，并且保持过夜。所述钻井完井液从检测系统中被清洁液置换，所述清洁液处于9.3磅/加仑(1114kg/m3)KCl/NaCl盐水中，具有0.67％HPT-1(相对渗透性改性剂)，15％BDF-325(延迟释放酸)，和0.6％HT破碎剂(氧化剂破碎剂)。所述清洁液在500psi(3450kPa)压差下在岩心表面上流动8小时，以表明自始自终没有发生过早的破碎。然后，关闭单元72小时。之后，使用煤油对岩心进行渗透性检测，获得87.2％恢复的渗透性的值。
因此，本发明非常适合进行本文所述以及其中固有的目标并且达到所述目的和优点。尽管本发明已经参考本发明的示例性的实施方案进行了描述和形容，这样的参考并不暗示对本发明的限制，并且不应该推断有这样的限制。本发明能够进行相当多的修改、改变、和形式和功能的等价物，这是相关领域的普通技术人员并且依据本公开内容将能够进行的。所描述和形容的本发明的实施方案仅是示例性的，并且不穷尽本发明的范围。特别地，本文公开的每个数值范围(形式为“约a至约b”，或等价地，“大约a至b”，或等价地，“大约a-b”)应该理解为指各自数值范围的幂集(所有子集的集合)，并且描述在较宽的数值范围内包含的每个范围。因此，本发明意欲仅通过后附权利要求的范围来限制，后附的权利要求给出所有方面的等价物的全部认识。此外，当用作权利要求中时，不定冠词“a”和“an”(“一个”)在本文定义为意指一个或多于一个其所指的要素。权利要求中的术语具有其清楚、通常的意思，除非由本专利权人另外明确且清楚地限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种处理液，其包含：相对渗透性改性剂；延迟滤饼破碎剂；和携带液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理液，其中所述延迟滤饼破碎剂包含一种或多种选自由下述组成的组的组分：产生酸的化合物，酶，氧化剂，偶氮化合物，以及它们的任意组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理液，其中所述产生酸的化合物包括选自由下述组成的组的至少一种产生酸的化合物：酯；脂肪族聚酯；原酸酯；聚原酸酯；原酸醚；聚原酸醚；丙交酯；聚交酯；乙交酯；聚乙交酯；ε-己内酯；聚ε-己内酯；羟基丁酸酯；聚羟基丁酸酯；酐；聚酐；脂肪族碳酸酯；脂肪族聚碳酸酯；氨基酸；聚氨基酸；环氧乙烷；聚环氧乙烷；聚膦腈，它们的任意共聚物，和它们的任意衍生物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的处理液，其中所述产生酸的化合物包括选自由下述组成的组的至少一种产生酸的化合物：甲酸酯；乙酸酯；乳酸酯；乙二醇单甲酸酯；乙二醇二甲酸酯；二乙二醇二甲酸酯；甘油单甲酸酯；甘油二甲酸酯；甘油三甲酸酯；三乙二醇二甲酸酯；季戊四醇的甲酸酯；甘油三乙酸酯；乳酸甲酯；乳酸丁酯；和它们的任意衍生物。
5.根据权利要求2、或从属于权利要求2的任一权利要求所述的处理液，其中所述酶包括选自由下述组成的组的至少一种酶：酯酶；淀粉酶；黄原胶酶；葡聚糖酶；纤维素酶；甘露聚糖酶；以及它们的任意组合。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的处理液，其中所述相对渗透性改性剂包括选自由下述组成的组的至少一种相对渗透性改性剂：水溶性的疏水性修饰的聚合物；水溶性的亲水性修饰的聚合物；无疏水性或亲水性修饰的水溶性的聚合物；以及它们的任意组合。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的处理液，其中所述相对渗透性改性剂以所述处理液的约0.05重量％至约1.5重量％的量存在。
8.根据任一前述权利要求所述的处理液，其还包含多种微粒。
9.一种方法，所述方法包括：提供根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的处理液，使地层中的至少一部分滤饼与所述处理液接触；并且去除至少一部分所述滤饼。
10.一种方法，所述方法包括：提供根据权利要求8所述的处理液；使一部分地层与所述处理液接触；并且将至少一部分所述多种微粒沉积在一部分所述地层中以形成砾石充填，同时去除包含在一部分所述地层中的至少一部分滤饼。
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BRPI1007996A2 (pt) 2016-03-01
US20100216672A1 (en) 2010-08-26
MX2011008833A (es) 2011-09-21
AU2010217427B2 (en) 2014-04-10
WO2010097573A1 (en) 2010-09-02
US7998910B2 (en) 2011-08-16
AR075427A1 (es) 2011-03-30
BRPI1007996B1 (pt) 2023-11-21
AU2010217427A1 (en) 2011-10-13
CN102333840B (zh) 2016-08-31

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