CN102163927A - Multi-level converter employing multi-winding intermediate-high frequency transformer - Google Patents
Multi-level converter employing multi-winding intermediate-high frequency transformer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-level converter employing a multi-winding intermediate-high frequency transformer. The multi-level converter comprises a voltage current measuring unit, wherein the voltage current measuring unit is connected between two ends of a power grid in parallel; the voltage current measuring unit sends a measured voltage current signal of the power grid to a control unit; a current signal output by the power grid is filtered and current-limited by an inducer and then is input in a H-bridge rectifier; the H-bridge rectifier converts the input alternating current into the direct current with stable amplitude according to the control signal sent by the control unit; the output end of the H-bridge rectifier is connected with a plurality of inverters; the output ends of the inverters are connected the input end of the multi-winding intermediate-high frequency transformer; the output end of the multi-winding intermediate-high frequency transformer is connected with a load converter through a plurality of rectifiers; a voltage current measuring module, all inverters and all rectifiers perform information interaction with the control unit; and the load converter supplies power to the load under the control of the control unit. The cost of the multi-level converter in the invention is saved; the size and the weight of the multi-level converter are reduced; and the multi-level converter can be widely applied in an electrical system and electric traction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multi-level converter topological structure, particularly about a kind of multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer.
Background technology
Along with large-size machine governing system and converters in application on power system, also more and more higher to the output voltage class requirement of converters.Be subjected to the flat restriction of the withstand voltage and anti-flowing water of power device, traditional two level converters can't satisfy the needs of high-voltage large-capacity occasion.Compare with direct series connection of device and voltage multiple technology, the voltage-type multilevel converter is the main developing direction of at present big capacity converter.
At present, Chang Yong many level topology mainly contains diode-clamped, capacitor-clamped type, H bridge cascade connection type etc.Wherein, there is following shortcoming in this class topology of diode-clamped and capacitor-clamped type: 1, the voltage of the above bus capacitors at different levels of five level need carry out extra control from hardware or software, otherwise instability may appear in capacitance voltage, causes circuit unstability or output level number to reduce.2, along with the increasing of output level number, the number of clamping diode or electric capacity will increase fast according to the quadratic power of number of levels, and circuit cost increases excessive, and control is comparatively complicated.3, the modularization of circuit is relatively poor, and the failure operation ability of circuit is lower.Therefore, can realize reliable many level output, just need control bus capacitor voltages at different levels stable within the specific limits in order to guarantee converter.For solving this technical problem, can adopt the hardware clamp, just utilizing a plurality of DC power supply that buses at different levels are carried out independently-powered method can address this problem, but this will introduce extra hardware device (transformer, rectifier bridge etc.).
H bridge cascade connection type converter is every to be formed by a plurality of single-phase H bridge series connection, and a plurality of independent direct current electrical networks are respectively to each H bridge inverter power supply, because output level of each group H bridge reaches three kinds, so each level number of exporting mutually increases after the cascade, forms multi-electrical level inverter.Cascade H bridge multi-electrical level inverter stability better control fairly simplely, is comparatively a kind of topological structure of maturation of present commercial Application.But the volume and weight of the isolating transformer in this topological structure is bigger, and cost is higher.For solving this technical problem, proposed a class novel based on intermediate frequency transformer converter topology structure (as shown in Figure 1), form modular multilevel (M2LC) converter by H bridge cascade converter, directly the High Level AC Voltage of power frequency is become the alternating current of intermediate frequency 400Hz, after the process intermediate frequency transformer was isolated, a plurality of windings of secondary connected converter respectively and drive a plurality of loads.
With above-mentioned based on intermediate frequency transformer converter topology similar, R.Marquardt and Japanese scholar H.Akagi etc. also propose another topology based on intermediate frequency transformer (as shown in Figure 2), grid side adopts H bridge cascade rectifier to produce a plurality of dc buss, inversion is a medium frequency alternating current respectively again, after adopting a plurality of intermediate frequency transformers to isolate then, drive different loads respectively.Simultaneously in order to solve busbar voltage equilibrium problem owing to the unbalanced H bridge cascade rectifier that causes of load, this topology has been carried out direct parallel connection at the dc buss at different levels on right side, as N0 and P0, the power that is used for balanced loads at different levels, thus the equilibrium that can realize the busbar voltages at different levels of H bridge cascade rectifier is controlled.But,, generally be applied in the system such as electric traction so output at different levels also can only connect the load of mutual isolation because output dc bus at different levels has carried out parallel connection.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer, the input transformer of conventional high-tension multi-level converter can be cancelled, and the equilibrium of electrical isolation and energy can be taken into account.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer is characterized in that: it comprises voltage and current measurement unit, electrical network, control unit, inductance, H bridge rectifier, the inverter that is positioned at the former avris of transformer, many windings medium-high frequency transformer, is positioned at the rectifier and the load converter of transformer secondary side; Described voltage and current measurement unit is connected in parallel on described electrical network two ends, and the voltage and current signal that described voltage and current measurement unit will measure described electrical network transfers to described control unit; The current signal of described electrical network output is imported in the described H bridge rectifier after described inductor filter, current limliting, and the control signal that described H bridge rectifier is sent to according to described control unit is converted into the alternating current that inputs to the direct current of amplitude stability; The output of described H bridge rectifier connects several described inverters, the output of described inverter is connected to the input of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer, and the output of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer is through connecting described load converter through several described rectifiers; Described voltage and current measurement module, each inverter and each rectifier all carry out information interaction with described control unit, described load converter under the control of described control unit to electric.
Each described inverter comprises dc-link capacitance, voltage sensor and medium-high frequency converter, described dc-link capacitance input is connected with the output of described H bridge rectifier, the output of described dc-link capacitance described voltage sensor in parallel successively and medium-high frequency converter; The output of each described medium-high frequency converter connects each former limit winding of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer respectively; Each described voltage sensor is measured the DC bus-bar voltage of each described medium-high frequency converter input respectively, and measurement result is sent to control unit.
Each described rectifier comprises medium-high frequency converter, dc-link capacitance and voltage sensor, the input of each described medium-high frequency converter connects each secondary winding of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer respectively, and output is described dc-link capacitance in parallel successively and voltage sensor respectively; Each described voltage sensor is measured the DC bus-bar voltage of each described medium-high frequency converter output terminal respectively, and measurement result is sent to described control unit.
All former limit windings of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer and the shared iron core of all secondary windings.
All medium-high frequency converters in described inverter and the rectifier all adopt a kind of in H bridge topological structure and two kinds of topological structures of half-bridge topology.
Described H bridge rectifier comprises the multistage H bridge unit of cascade, connects mutually in described H bridges at different levels unit, and the described H bridge of each grade unit comprises the single-phase brachium pontis of two parallel connections, and each described single-phase brachium pontis is become by the set of power switches of two series connection.
It is electric that described load converter adopts a kind of structure in following two kinds of structures: a kind of is that dc buss at different levels are connect behind the described inverter powering load more respectively; Another kind is to adopt the conversion of the described inverter of dc bus process cascade connection type was driven high-voltage load afterwards.
Described control unit comprises central processing unit, communication module, host computer, state display module, digital quantity input module, signal condition module, AD modular converter, pulse-width signal expansion module and pulse-width signal driver module; Described central processing unit adopts the high performance digital signal process chip, and described central processing unit is by the communication between described communication module realization and the described host computer; Described state display module and digital quantity input module realize by the I/O interface of described central processing unit, respectively with the input of the state indication of circuit working state and external command signal, fault-signal; After the signal that described signal condition module measures outside voltage and current measurement module is handled, through the described central processing unit that is sent to of described AD modular converter; Described pulse-width signal expansion module realizes by programmable logic chip, and the pulse-width modulation instruction of described central processing unit output is expanded to control signal, comes all device for power switching in the drive circuit by described pulse-width signal driver module.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is because many windings of employing medium-high frequency transformer replaces the power frequency input transformer in traditional H bridge circuit, can save cost greatly like this, simultaneously, dwindle the volume and weight of multi-level converter.2, the present invention is owing to adopt several inverters and rectifier, and adopt H bridge rectifier to be connected with electrical network, therefore, realized the two-way flow of energy, when being convenient to be applied in electric traction etc. and needing the occasion of four quadrant running, can also realize controlling input power factor is 1, reduces the harmonic pollution to electrical network.3, the present invention carries out the balance of power at different levels because the magnetic field in many windings of employing medium-high frequency transformer is coupled, thereby can realize the equilibrium control of each step voltage from circuit, can not need to carry out the equilibrium control of software.Therefore, realized that control is simple, the characteristics of good reliability.4, the present invention is owing to adopt circuit modulars at different levels, and the modularization of circuit is better, is convenient to the structure and the fault repair of system, simultaneously certain redundant module can be set easily, improves the reliability of system.5, the present invention and isolates between each winding of secondary mutually because the former limit winding of many windings medium-high frequency transformer and the quantity of secondary winding can dispose arbitrarily, therefore, the present invention can be according to the requirement of load, outlet side can have multiple type of attachment, and systematic comparison is flexible, highly versatile.The present invention can be widely used in occasions such as electric power system and electric traction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the multi-level converter topological structure of available technology adopting intermediate frequency transformer;
Fig. 2 is the multi-level converter topological structure of a plurality of intermediate frequency transformers of available technology adopting;
Fig. 3 is a general structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a H bridge rectifier structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a H bridge cellular construction schematic diagram among Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the common H bridge of a medium-high frequency converter using of the present invention topological structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is a medium-high frequency converter using half-bridge topology schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the support structures schematic diagram that load converter of the present invention connects a plurality of absolute construction;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation that load converter of the present invention connects high-voltage load;
Figure 10 is a control unit structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 3, circuit topological structure of the present invention comprises voltage and current measurement unit 1, electrical network 2, control unit 3, inductance 4, H bridge rectifier 5, the inverter 6 that is positioned at the former avris of transformer, many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7, the rectifier 8 that is positioned at transformer secondary side and load converter 9.
Voltage and current measurement unit 1 is connected in parallel on the two ends of electrical network 2, is transferred in the control unit 3 by the voltage and current signal of voltage and current measurement unit 1 with the electrical network 2 that measures; The current signal of electrical network 2 output after inductance 4 carries out filtering, current limliting, in the input H bridge rectifier 5, the control signal that H bridge rectifier 5 is sent to according to control unit 3, the alternating current that electrical network 2 is inputed to is converted into the direct current of amplitude stability; The output of H bridge rectifier 5 connects several inverters 6, and the output of inverter 6 is connected to the input of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7, and the output of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7 connects load converter 9 through several rectifiers 8.Voltage and current measurement module 1, each inverter 6 and each rectifier 8 all carry out information interaction with control unit 3, control unit 3 with each signal processing after, control signal is sent to each inverter 6, each rectifier 8 and load converter 9, load converter 9 under the control of control unit 3 to electric.
Wherein, each inverter 6 comprises dc-link capacitance 61, voltage sensor 62 and medium-high frequency converter 63, dc-link capacitance 61 inputs are connected with the output of H bridge rectifier 5, and the output of dc-link capacitance 61 is shunt voltage transducer 62 and medium-high frequency converter 63 successively.The output of each medium-high frequency converter 63 connects each former limit winding of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7 respectively.Each voltage sensor 62 is measured the DC bus-bar voltage of each medium-high frequency converter 63 input respectively, and measurement result is sent to control unit 3.
Each rectifier 8 also comprises medium-high frequency converter 81, dc-link capacitance 82 and voltage sensor 83, the input of each medium-high frequency converter 81 connects each secondary winding of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7 respectively, and the output difference of each medium-high frequency converter 81 is parallel connection direct bus capacitor 82 and voltage sensor 83 successively.Each voltage sensor 83 is measured the DC bus-bar voltage of each medium-high frequency converter 81 output respectively, and measurement result is sent to control unit 3.
Control unit 3 is according to the d-c bus voltage value of all medium- high frequency converters 63,81 that receive, H bridge rectifier 5 is controlled, target is that the summation of all dc buss of control is stabilized in desired value, and by the control of electric current being realized the control to the output power factor of electrical network.Simultaneously, the d-c bus voltage value of all medium- high frequency converters 63,81 that control unit 3 receives, transmit control signal to all medium- high frequency converters 63,81, by control, also can control the power-balance of each dc-link capacitance 61,82 voltage to all medium-high frequency converters 63,81.The i.e. power equilibrium control balanced naturally and that all medium- high frequency converter 63,81 controls are realized that is realized by circuit characteristic cooperatively interacts, and realizes the power equalization between the unit at different levels in the circuit.
All former limit windings of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7 and the shared iron core 10 of all secondary windings, and former limit winding and secondary winding can be according to using needs dispose arbitrarily.Because all former limit windings and all shared iron core of all secondary windings, therefore many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7 former limit windings that link to each other with medium- high frequency converter 63,81 and secondary winding be the same magnetic field of interlinkage all, the variation of any one winding power all can exert an influence to magnetic field, thereby influence the back-emf in other winding, so can realize the balance of the power of each dc-link capacitance 61,82 voltage by the coupling in magnetic field.Therefore because the imbalance of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7 secondary winding powers that laod unbalance causes output,, remain balance at the power of former avris through the equilibrium of shared core field.
As Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, the controlled quentity controlled variable of H bridge rectifier 5 of the present invention has two, is respectively the phase place of busbar voltage sums at different levels and input current.H bridge rectifier 5 comprises the multistage H bridge unit 11 of cascade, and H bridges at different levels unit 11 is by terminal x
K_aAnd x
K_bConnect mutually, by terminal x
K_PAnd x
K_NOutput dc voltage.Wherein, each grade H bridge unit 11 comprises the single-phase brachium pontis 12 of two parallel connections, and each single-phase brachium pontis 12 becomes (as shown in Figure 5) by the set of power switches of two series connection.
As Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7, all medium- high frequency converters 63,81 of the present invention all can adopt two kinds of topological structures of the prior art, promptly common H bridge topological structure (as shown in Figure 6) and half-bridge topology (as shown in Figure 7), a lead-out terminal x of half-bridge structure
K_cThe mid point that connects single-phase brachium pontis, another lead-out terminal x
K_dThe mid point that connects dc-link capacitance.The lead-out terminal x of each medium-high frequency converter 63 or medium-high frequency converter 81
K_PAnd x
K_NOr y
K_PAnd y
K_NConnect voltage sensor 62 or voltage sensor 83, two other lead-out terminal connects the former limit winding or the secondary winding of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7, realizes the conversion between direct voltage and the medium-high frequency alternating current.
As Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9, load converter 9 of the present invention can adopt dc bus y at different levels
K_PAnd y
K_NConnect behind the inverter 6 powering load more respectively, perhaps adopt dc bus y
K_PAnd y
K_NConversion through cascaded inverter 6 drove high-voltage load afterwards.Because the former limit winding of many windings medium-high frequency transformer 7 and the quantity of secondary winding can dispose arbitrarily, and isolate between each winding of secondary mutually, so load converter of the present invention 9 also can adopt various ways.
As shown in figure 10, the control unit among the present invention 3 comprises central processing unit 31, communication module 32, host computer 33, state display module 34, digital quantity input module 35, signal condition module 36, AD modular converter 37, PWM (pulse-width signal) expansion module 38 and PWM driver module 39.Wherein, central processing unit 31 can adopt High Performance DSP (Digital Signal Processor, Digital Signal Processing) chip, such as the TMS320F28335 serial motors of TI company control special chip, central processing unit 31 realize by the communication module 32 of RS232 communications protocol and host computer 33 such as PC between communication.
State display module 34 and digital quantity input module 35 are realized by the I/O interface of central processing unit 31, are respectively applied for the state indication of circuit working state and the input of external command signal and fault-signal etc.Fault-signal comprises overvoltage in the circuit, under-voltage, overcurrent, signal such as overheated.
After the signal that signal condition module 36 measures outside voltage and current measurement module carries out certain processing, be converted into the voltage signal of the mould/number conversion that is fit to control circuit, become digital signal and be sent to central processing unit 31 after the conversion through AD modular converter 37 then.
PWM expansion module 38 can be realized by programmable logic chips such as CPLD or FPGA, be used for the pulse-width modulation instruction of central processing unit 31 output is expanded to needed each control signal of circuit control, come all device for power switching in the drive circuit by PWM driver module 39.
The various embodiments described above only are used to illustrate the present invention; the connection of each parts and structure all can change to some extent; on the basis of technical solution of the present invention; all improvement and equivalents of the connection and the structure of individual component being carried out according to the principle of the invention all should not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer, it is characterized in that: it comprises voltage and current measurement unit, electrical network, control unit, inductance, H bridge rectifier, the inverter that is positioned at the former avris of transformer, many windings medium-high frequency transformer, is positioned at the rectifier and the load converter of transformer secondary side;
Described voltage and current measurement unit is connected in parallel on described electrical network two ends, and the voltage and current signal that described voltage and current measurement unit will measure described electrical network transfers to described control unit; The current signal of described electrical network output is imported in the described H bridge rectifier after described inductor filter, current limliting, and the control signal that described H bridge rectifier is sent to according to described control unit is converted into the alternating current that inputs to the direct current of amplitude stability; The output of described H bridge rectifier connects several described inverters, the output of described inverter is connected to the input of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer, and the output of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer is through connecting described load converter through several described rectifiers; Described voltage and current measurement module, each inverter and each rectifier all carry out information interaction with described control unit, described load converter under the control of described control unit to electric.
2. a kind of multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: each described inverter comprises dc-link capacitance, voltage sensor and medium-high frequency converter, described dc-link capacitance input is connected with the output of described H bridge rectifier, the output of described dc-link capacitance described voltage sensor in parallel successively and medium-high frequency converter; The output of each described medium-high frequency converter connects each former limit winding of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer respectively; Each described voltage sensor is measured the DC bus-bar voltage of each described medium-high frequency converter input respectively, and measurement result is sent to control unit.
3. a kind of multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: each described rectifier comprises medium-high frequency converter, dc-link capacitance and voltage sensor, the input of each described medium-high frequency converter connects each secondary winding of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer respectively, and output is described dc-link capacitance in parallel successively and voltage sensor respectively; Each described voltage sensor is measured the DC bus-bar voltage of each described medium-high frequency converter output terminal respectively, and measurement result is sent to described control unit.
4. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of multi-level converters that adopt many windings medium-high frequency transformer, it is characterized in that: all former limit windings of described many windings medium-high frequency transformer and the shared iron core of all secondary windings.
5. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of multi-level converters that adopt many windings medium-high frequency transformer, it is characterized in that: all the medium-high frequency converters in described inverter and the rectifier all adopt a kind of in H bridge topological structure and two kinds of topological structures of half-bridge topology.
6. a kind of multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described H bridge rectifier comprises the multistage H bridge unit of cascade, connect mutually in described H bridges at different levels unit, the described H bridge of each grade unit comprises the single-phase brachium pontis of two parallel connections, and each described single-phase brachium pontis is become by the set of power switches of two series connection.
7. a kind of multi-level converter that adopts many windings medium-high frequency transformer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is electric that described load converter adopts a kind of structure in following two kinds of structures: a kind of is that dc buss at different levels are connect behind the described inverter powering load more respectively; Another kind is to adopt the conversion of the described inverter of dc bus process cascade connection type was driven high-voltage load afterwards.
8. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of multi-level converters that adopt many windings medium-high frequency transformer, it is characterized in that: described control unit comprises central processing unit, communication module, host computer, state display module, digital quantity input module, signal condition module, AD modular converter, pulse-width signal expansion module and pulse-width signal driver module;
Described central processing unit adopts the high performance digital signal process chip, and described central processing unit is by the communication between described communication module realization and the described host computer;
Described state display module and digital quantity input module realize by the I/O interface of described central processing unit, respectively with the input of the state indication of circuit working state and external command signal, fault-signal;
After the signal that described signal condition module measures outside voltage and current measurement module is handled, through the described central processing unit that is sent to of described AD modular converter;
Described pulse-width signal expansion module realizes by programmable logic chip, and the pulse-width modulation instruction of described central processing unit output is expanded to control signal, comes all device for power switching in the drive circuit by described pulse-width signal driver module.
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Application publication date: 20110824 |