CN102088471A - Health and safety monitoring system for personnel on board based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Health and safety monitoring system for personnel on board based on wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a health and safety monitoring system for personnel on board based on a wireless sensor network, which is characterized in that a mixing structural network is formed by a driving platform control center, a wireless sensor fixing base station, a movable portable sensor, an on-duty driver monitoring sensor and a data transmission system; the passage area of a deck is divided into a plurality of mini-sized network regions; the mini-sized network regions are comprised of fixing sensor nodes and center nodes which are numbered according to positional characteristics thereof for the purpose of determining the positions of source nodes. The transmission among the center nodes of each network and among the nodes of the inner network is performed through optimal paths; and a driving platform is provided with a gateway for connecting with a sensor network and a remote communication terminal so as to realize remote monitoring and convert the protocols between the sensor network and the remote communication terminal. The monitoring system of the invention performs real time monitoring on human health and safety, and also on the mental states of the personnel on board in combination with human physiology and the sensor network. The wireless sensor network is applied to navigation technology and the safety field thereof so as to widen the application fields of the wireless sensor network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, relate in particular to technical field of wireless sensor network application.
Background technology
American commerce weekly and Massachusetts Institute of Technology's technology review are classified wireless sensor network as 21 century the most influential 21 technology and change one of the 10 big technology in the world respectively in the report of prediction WeiLai Technology development.Sensor network is learned with plastic electronic, bionical human organ is called as three following big high-tech industries of the whole world.In today of scientific and technical develop rapidly, the application of wireless sensor network technology also will obtain application more and more widely.
Navigation, because the complexity of its operational environment, and the high concentration of property, how to guarantee that navigation safety becomes the restriction problem that can seafaring sustainable development, efficient then is the precondition that this problem is resolved to the monitoring and the feedback information of boats and ships and safety of crew's situation in real time.
Along with MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (Micro-Electro-Mechanism System, MEMS), SOC (system on a chip) (SOC, System on Chip), the develop rapidly of radio communication and low-power-consumption embedded technology, (Wireless Sensor Networks WSN) has brought a change of information perception to the wireless sensor network that is pregnant with its low-power consumption, low cost, characteristics distributed and self-organizing.While also provides a platform efficiently for the security monitoring of navigation.
The transducer of numerous types that wireless sensor network had detectablely comprises, diversified phenomenon in the surrounding enviroment such as size, speed and direction of temperature, humidity, noise, luminous intensity, pressure, mobile object.Micro sensing technology and Wireless Networking technology based on MEMS are that wireless sensor network has been given wide application prospect.All use to some extent in fields such as military affairs, aviation, anti-terrorism, explosion-proof, the disaster relief, environment, medical treatment, health care, household, industry, commerce.
Thus, the present invention advances an idea and makes the correlative study achievement and is applied to maritime field.
At present at comparative maturity, use more widely that wireless sensor network protocols is Zigbee (purple honeybee) wireless sensor network protocols.Zigbee one speech derives from honeybee when finding the pollen position, by jumping " " companion is informed in the shape dancing to ZigZig, has reached the purpose of information exchange.We can say that this is the communication that realizes " wireless " between a kind of toy by simple and direct mode, people call a kind of near radio network communications technology of being absorbed in low-power consumption, low cost, low complex degree, low rate whereby.
Complete Zigbee protocol stack is respectively physical layer, data link layer (MAC layer from bottom to top; Logical link control layer), network layer, application convergence-level, application layer.(Fig. 1) physical layer of Zigbee and MAC layer adopt the IEEE802.15.4 agreement.The IEEE802.15.4 agreement is the short distance wireless technical of a kind of economy, efficient, low data rate, and it is at low-speed wireless individual domain network (low-rate wireless PersonalArea Network, the LR-WPAN) standard of Zhi Dinging.Physical layer employing direct sequence spread spectrum (DirectSequence Spread Spectrum, DSSS) technology, and defined three working frequency range: corresponding 16 channels of 2.4GHz frequency range, transmission rate is 250kbps; Corresponding 10 channels of 915MHz frequency range, transmission rate is 40kbps; Corresponding 1 channel of 868MHz frequency range, transmission rate is 20kbps.In data link layer, definition LLC agreement in the IEEE802.2 standard is adopted in the LLC sublayer, the MAC layer of Zigbee will pass through special services convergence sub-layer (Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer, SSCS) and the LLC layer conversation, that is to say between MAC layer and LLC layer and also have the SSCS sublayer, it provides aggregated service for MAC inserts LLC, and LLC can use the service interface visit 802.15.4 network of SSCS, for the upper strata provides the link layer service.The function of network layer comprises Topology Management, MAC management, routing management and safety management.Use convergence-level and be responsible for different application is mapped on the Zigbee network layer, comprise the converging of safety and authentication, a plurality of business data flows, device discovery and service discovering.Application layer has defined various types of applied business, is the superiors of protocol stack.
Zigbee has defined three kinds of node types: telegon, router and terminal equipment.Telegon can start a Zigbee network by selecting a network work channel and territory net (PAN) identification marking.In case network startup, router and terminal equipment just can add network.Telegon and router can both be launched and wireless sensor network Locating Algorithm route data by network, and allow other router and terminal equipment to add.Terminal equipment can not participate in route data, therefore can dormancy when not transmitting and receiving data.When equipment added Zigbee PAN, the set membership of equipment room promptly formed, and the equipment of adding is subset, and the equipment that allows its adding is parent device, and the network topology of Zigbee as shown in Figure 2.
Zigbee has the multiple technologies characteristics, is the prime reason that the present invention selects it.First, low-power consumption: the Zigbee network equipment work period is short, the power of receiving and sending messages is low, and adopted park mode, so special power saving of Zigbee technology, under the low power consumption standby mode, No. 5 batteries of 2 joints can support a node job 6 to 24 months, even longer, and this is the outstanding advantage of Zigbee; Second, low-cost: by significantly simplify agreement (less than bluetooth 1/10), reduced requirement to communication controler, by forecast analysis, only need 8-bit microprocessor (example: 80c51) on the network node hardware, the ROM of minimum 4kbyte, maximum 32kbyte, software is realized also fairly simple, and Zigbee exempts from the agreement patent fee; The 3rd, closely: the transmission range of Zigbee generally between 10-100m, after increasing the RF transmitting power, also rises to 1-3km.This refers to the distance between adjacent node, if the relay by route and inter-node communication, transmission range can be farther, satisfy the use of distance on the boats and ships fully; The 4th, prolong in short-term: the response speed of Zigbee is very fast, generally changes operating state over to from sleep and only needs 15ms, and the node connection enters network only needs 30ms, has further saved electric energy.The 5th, big capacity: a Zigbee main equipment can be managed 254 slave units at most, and main equipment also can be formed the big net of 65000 nodes at most by the last layer network node control simultaneously; The 6th, high safety: Zigbee provides three level security patterns, comprises no security settings, uses access control inventory (ALC) to prevent the asymmetric encoding that illegally obtains data and adopt superencipherment mark (AES-128), to determine its security attribute flexibly.
Bus communication adopts two-way, the half-duplex operation agreement of RS-485, allows a plurality of drivers and receiver to be articulated on the bus, and wherein each driver can both break away from bus.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is applied to personal security and health monitoring on the boats and ships with wireless sensor network; mainly be that human body self security postures and health status are carried out real-time monitoring and warning; realization is to safety of crew's real-time guard, and the present invention also is and makes up a kind of ship's staff's safety monitoring system based on wireless sensor network.
Constitute the hybrid combination network by bridge control centre, wireless senser fixed base stations, portable portable transducer, watch officer's monitoring sensor, data transmission system; Is some micronets districts with the deck by area dividing; Each micronet zone is made up of fixed sensing node and Centroid, with each node opsition dependent characteristics numbering, in order to determine the position of source node; The self-contained portable transducer of ship's staff in order to monitoring sign and behavior; Press the optimal path transmission between each network center's node and in the network between each node, and gateway connection sensor network and telecommunication terminal are set, to realize remote monitoring, in order to conversion agreement between the two at bridge.
The structure chart of the system that the present invention is constructed is as follows: the structural representation (Fig. 4) of system information transmissions structure chart (Fig. 3), stationary nodes, Centroid module map (Fig. 5), portable portable sensor node structure chart (Fig. 6).
In the constructed system of the present invention, bridge control centre is the soul of whole application, but present position and the safety and health state thereof of the observer of bridge control centre on boats and ships; Burning issue, i.e. reminding alarm appear; Simultaneously also can realize self-monitoring and prompting.The wireless senser fixed base stations constitutes the network principal framework of wireless sensor network, and provides personnel with respect to vessel's position; The portable portable transducer that the ship's staff carries can be monitored personnel's vital sign and motion state at any time; Such as hyperpiesia or fall.
The sensor physical signalling also converts digital signal to by transducer, is stored in the memory, at first carries out the function of distance location by stationary nodes on every side.Then warning message and positional information are sent node on every side.Transmit through the multi-hop of Centroid afterwards message transmission to aggregation node (gateway) is connected to central processing unit, with information stores and handle, promptly report to the police after reaching alarming value.Manual alarm switch also is set on the mobile sensor node, can implements to report to the police or the cancellation warning.Be in very absent-mindedness or too nervous state and also the person on duty given a warning that short it is clear-headed also or when drinking when monitoring the watch officer in the detecting sensor of bridge, or simultaneously alarm is issued the captain so that it takes corresponding measure.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides of the application of a kind of wireless sensor network at maritime field, mainly be that ship's staff's health and safety situation is monitored in real time and reported to the police, realization is to crewman's health and safety real-time monitoring, the present invention is also in conjunction with Human physiology in addition, combined sensor network real-time monitoring crewman's psychological condition, be anxiety and relaxation state, reduce because of personnel's carelessness on duty or the tired danger that causes.This its meaning for the big marine boats and ships of drifting of being everlasting is particularly great, because boats and ships are usually away from land, this is just thinking that also it is away from medical institutions on the bank, and often danger is bigger on the boats and ships, make ship's staff's the more worth real-time concern of health and safety, to find as early as possible and to deal with problems.The present invention also is and makes up a kind of ship's staff's safety and healthy real-time monitoring system based on wireless sensor network.
Description of drawings
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and case study on implementation.
The protocol stack of Fig. 1 procotol ZigBee used in the present invention;
The network topology structure figure of Fig. 2 Zigbee;
Fig. 3 system information transmissions structure chart;
The structural representation of Fig. 4 stationary nodes;
Fig. 5 Centroid module map;
The portable portable sensor node structure chart of Fig. 6;
Fig. 7 main control panel schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 trisphaeridine position schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 wireless senser fixed base stations layout plan.
Number in the figure:
1, personnel positions dynamic display area 2, feedback information viewing area 3, panel 4, personnel positions
5, alarm speaker 6, warning lamp 7, microphone 8, push-to-talk button
9, bridge control centre 10, master reference 11, mobile sensor 12, secondary transducers
13, stratiform topology 14, mesh topology 15, mixed topology 16, sign explanation
Embodiment
The bridge control centre that example of the present invention provided is made up of the information processing system main control panel of unifying.Main control panel is by formations such as display screen, warning device, VHF (very high frequency(VHF)) communicators.(as Fig. 7)
Main control panel is by personnel positions dynamic display area, feedback information viewing area [wherein, H: personnel's height; P: human pulse number; BP: human blood-pressure-systolic pressure/diastolic pressure; A: acceleration], VHF communication and warning device district etc. formation.The viewing area shows the relative vessel's position of personnel, and principle is location, wireless senser base station; The numerical value viewing area mainly shows by mobile sensor through the wireless sensor network signal transmitted; VHF communication and warning device district mainly contain following a few part: alarm speaker 5: when calculating through control desk, just send ear-piercing chimes of doom when personnel cause danger, cause that full ship notes, in time the crewman who causes danger is sued and laboured timely; Warning lamp 6: follow alarm to send red light; The VHF communicator is made of microphone 7 and push-to-talk button 8, when instruction is sent in the need conversation, presses key and gets final product, and all the other times place boats and ships to use channel always.
The information processing system that the embodiment of the invention adopted is based on the ZigBee07-PRO/RF4CE development system, is mainly used in to judge whether the data of transmit back exceed the scope that may cause danger to personnel and boats and ships, and output alarm signal.
The wireless senser fixed base stations that the constructed system of the embodiment of the invention provides adopts the mode of hybrid marshalling, and all fixation of sensor are arranged on the horizontal plane of the sustained height of deck 30～50cm.Evenly arrange a master reference every 30～50m on boats and ships fore and aft line deck, 4～6 secondary transducers evenly distribute around it.Master reference is used for the storage of data and to bridge control centre transmission data, secondary transducers be used for from the transfer of data of mobile sensor to corresponding central transducer with it.Appoint and get position and crewman's height this moment that three transducers can be oriented the relative boats and ships of crewman plane, and will finish automatically by network system.
The coordinate information of the location that system adopted that the embodiment of the invention is constructed is the coordinate information of relative boats and ships, promptly adopts the boats and ships coordinate system, but the real-time geographic position that also can adopt other to obtain by GPS etc.In the present embodiment, the preferential trisphaeridine method for position that uses based on the audiovisual measurement and positioning.Making up three-dimensional coordinate system, the origin of coordinates of sensor network at first is set at bridge, vertically is the X-axis coordinate system with boats and ships then, is the X forward toward the fore direction longitudinally from driver's cabin, otherwise for negative; With boats and ships laterally is the Y-axis coordinate system, and larboard is a positive direction, and starboard is a negative direction, and driving cabin is vertical to be the Z axis coordinate system, up is positive direction, down is negative direction.Then this ship position can be tried to achieve by following method:
The position coordinates of three sensor nodes in measurement coordinate system respectively several be designated as (X
1, Y
1, Z
1), (X
2, Y
2, Z
2), (X
3, Y
3, Z
3), the time difference that information source arrives three sensing nodes is designated as Δ t respectively
1, Δ t
2, Δ t
3, utilize the formula of trisphaeridine position to get final product:
Find the solution above-mentioned three equation group and can obtain the coordinate of information source on boats and ships.
The embodiment of the invention is handled as follows to the sending order of information: when needing network to transmit when a plurality of information of same, after storage and treated device are analyzed, mark off 4 grades, the pass order of information is for transmitting high-risk rank 1 earlier, and the like, when priority is identical, the nearer information of first transmission range control desk.The integrated sensor panel that the portable portable transducer that the constructed system of the embodiment of the invention provides is made up of display screen and a plurality of function transducer can place positions such as human body wrist or waist, and its primary structure and function are as follows:
(1) display screen mainly shows oxygen concentration and the ultraviolet concentration in the transducer.
(2) pulse transducer.Being used to measure the pulse of human body, is more effectively in one of method of in-vitro measurements people's vital sign.Pulse is an arteriopalmus, and pulse frequency is a pulse frequency, and ordinary person's pulse is consistent with heartbeat.Normal adult is 60 to 100 times/minute, average about 72 times/minute.Pulse phenomenon different in size blanking time can not appear in normal person's pulse frequency rule.Normal person's pulse is strong and weak impartial, the phenomenon that power replaces can not occur.The state of an illness is critical, and particularly just before dying the number of times of pulse and pulse frequency all obvious variation can take place.
(3) acceleration transducer.Be used to measure carrier's acceleration, be used in time finding that man overboard or personal height fall.The environment that acceleration transducer can help the understanding personnel to be in now.To climb? still going down hill, fallen down? even the man overboard takes place? acceleration transducer also can be measured the acceleration that tractive effort produces.
(4) lambda sensor is with blood oxygen transducer.Can be used for measuring respectively the oxygen content and the interior oxygen content of blood of crewman's body in the environment, remind the crewman who is in the certain environment at any time.Oxygen is that human body carries out metabolic key substance, is human life activity's primary need.The oxygen of breathing is converted into available oxygen in the human body, is called blood oxygen.Blood carries blood oxygen and imports the energy to whole body, and the operating state of the conveying capacity of blood oxygen and heart, brain is closely related.The cardiac pumping ability is strong more, and the content of blood oxygen is just high more; The blood transfusion ability of heart coronary artery is strong more, and the concentration that blood oxygen is transported to heart and brain and whole body is just high more, and the running status of human body vitals is just good more.Otherwise if anoxic then slight hypoxia can usually be yawned, trick is ice-cold, feels uncomfortable in chest and breathe hard in big cabin, and it is rapid to have palpitation, breathe; Malhypoxia meeting stair climbing is two-layer above uncomfortable in chestly breathes hard, breathes rapid, absent minded, pale, and eyesight descends, and blood pressure, blood fat, blood sugar are higher etc.; Severe hypoxia then can directly jeopardize personal security.
(5) Ultraviolet sensor.Be used to detect extraneous ultraviolet concentration.Photodermatitis can take place in the ultraviolet ray strong effect when skin, occur erythema on the skin, itch, blister, oedema etc.; Serious also can cause cutaneum carcinoma.
Action of ultraviolet radiation headache, dizziness, fervescence etc. can occur in central nervous system.Act on eye, can cause conjunctivitis, keratitis, be called photophthalmia, also might bring out cataract, the ultraviolet ray that produces in welding process can make the welder suffer from electric ophthalmia (can cure) and when riding the sea, because the barrier effect of dust is less in cloud layer and the air, ultraviolet ray is stronger, needs in time to note taking precautions against.
(6) emergency call button.When personnel find emergency in moving process, as finding the place ahead obstruction is arranged, there are not clear boats and ships close, there is the crewman to suffer a shock to wait on the ship other instruments fail the situation of discovery in time.Can save the complicated processes of using the VHF signal procedure like this, giving the alarm earlier makes the operator on duty in time make emergent the preparation, by the information interchange on the ship concrete condition is reported to the related personnel then, in time handles.The transmission route of its signal is a highest level.
The constructed watch officer's monitoring sensor that system provided of the embodiment of the invention should be installed on bridge or other comprise suitable place, driver self health a part, the function that its transducer is implemented is carbon dioxide content or other operable data of yawning number of times and exhalation in the frequency that detects the watch officer and blink and each time nictation or the process on duty in process on duty, and judge whether the watch officer is in the too nervous or relaxed state too of frazzle, spirit, in case find then carry out warning reminding and record.The expection of this way can reduce the human factor that still accounts for main proportion in the present maritime affairs accident origin cause of formation greatly to danger that safety of ship caused.
The data transmission system that the constructed system of the embodiment of the invention provides is made up of the design of two parts communication protocol: the mode of RS-485 communication mode, ZigBee radio communication.
Communicating by letter between Centroid and the monitoring computer adopted the RS-485 communication mode.Send data at one time for fear of a plurality of centers and constitute competition, all communication processs are controlled by monitoring computer, adopt the leading command mode of host computer.RS-485 bus communication distance can reach 1200M; Sensor node adopts communication with communicating by letter of Centroid, and the distance of sensor node and Centroid can reach 200M.
Adopt the mode of ZigBee radio communication between Centroid and the sensor node, a Centroid can communicate with a plurality of sensor nodes.Can avoid a plurality of sensor nodes to send data at one time and produce conflict.(Fig. 9)
In sum, those skilled in the art can carry out various modifications and variations and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the intent of the present invention also comprises these changes and modification interior.
Claims (7)
1. the ship's staff's health and safety monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is characterized in that: constitute the hybrid combination network by bridge control centre, wireless senser fixed base stations, portable portable transducer, watch officer's monitoring sensor, data transmission system; Is some micronets districts with the deck by area dividing; Each micronet zone is made up of fixed sensing node and Centroid, with each node opsition dependent characteristics numbering, in order to determine the position of source node; Press the optimal path transmission between each network center's node and in the network between each node, and gateway connection sensor network and telecommunication terminal are set, to realize remote monitoring, in order to conversion agreement between the two at bridge.
2. monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: but present position and the safe condition thereof of the described bridge observer of control centre on boats and ships; The wireless senser fixed base stations constitutes the network principal framework of wireless sensor network, and provides personnel with respect to vessel's position; Portable portable transducer can be monitored personnel's vital sign and motion state; The sensor physical signalling also converts digital signal to by transducer, is stored in the memory, carries out the function of distance location by stationary nodes on every side, node around warning message and positional information are sent; Transmit through the multi-hop of Centroid afterwards message transmission to aggregation node is connected to central processing unit, with information stores and handle, promptly report to the police after reaching alarming value.
3. monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described wireless senser fixed base stations adopts the mode of hybrid marshalling, and all fixation of sensor are arranged on the horizontal plane of the sustained height of deck 30～50cm; Evenly arrange a master reference every 30～50m on boats and ships fore and aft line deck, 4～6 secondary transducers evenly distribute around it; Master reference is used for the storage of data and to bridge control centre transmission data, secondary transducers be used for from the transfer of data of mobile sensor to corresponding central transducer with it; Appoint get three fixation of sensor can orient the crewman on boats and ships the position, and will finish automatically by network system.
4. monitoring system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the coordinate information of described location promptly adopts the boats and ships coordinate system, also can adopt other real-time geographic positions that obtains by GPS etc., the preferential trisphaeridine method for position that uses based on the audiovisual measurement and positioning.
5. monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the integrated sensor panel that the portable transducer of described movable type is made up of display screen and a plurality of function transducer can place positions such as human body wrist or waist.
6. monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described data transmission system is made up of the mode of RS-485 communication mode, ZigBee radio communication, adopts the RS-485 communication mode between Centroid and the monitoring computer; Adopt the mode of ZigBee radio communication between Centroid and the sensor node, a Centroid can communicate with a plurality of sensor nodes.
7. monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described watch officer's monitoring sensor is installed on bridge or other comprise suitable place, driver self health a part.
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Application publication date: 20110608 |