CN102087176A - Device for acquiring samples of mixed surface runoff and sediment - Google Patents
Device for acquiring samples of mixed surface runoff and sediment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102087176A CN102087176A CN 201010594588 CN201010594588A CN102087176A CN 102087176 A CN102087176 A CN 102087176A CN 201010594588 CN201010594588 CN 201010594588 CN 201010594588 A CN201010594588 A CN 201010594588A CN 102087176 A CN102087176 A CN 102087176A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for acquiring samples of mixed surface runoff and sediment in order to solve the problem that the existing movable surface runoff observation devices suffer from bad deposition, thus affecting the accuracy of observation. The device is characterized in that a first streamline bottom bulge is arranged in a first buffering stainless steel mixing barrel; a plurality of first equal-height and equidistant teeth outlets are arranged at the upper end of the first buffering stainless steel mixing barrel; a connecting pipe is arranged on one equal-height and equidistant teeth outlet; a second streamline bottom bulge is arranged in a second buffering stainless steel mixing barrel; a plurality of second equal-height and equidistant teeth outlets are arranged at the upper end of the second buffering stainless steel mixing barrel; a sample collection bottle is connected with the second equal-height and equidistant teeth outlets by a hose; the diameter and height of the first buffering stainless steel mixing barrel are respectively 200mm and 150mm; and the diameter and height of the second buffering stainless steel mixing barrel are respectively 60mm and 40mm. The device is suitable for acquiring samples of mixed surface runoff and sediment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sample collecting apparatus that silt mixes that flows, be specifically related to a kind of sample collecting apparatus that rainwash silt mixes that is used for.
Background technology
Although China's soil erosion in recent years observation automatically makes fast progress, because open-air soil loss monitoring field condition complexity, influenced by velocity field, water temperature, silt chemical constitution, sand grain particle diameter, background light, the heavy silt of silt etc., observe measurement range less automatically, precision is relatively poor.And equipment adopts photovoltaic principals more, needs power supply, and soil and water losses observation non-transformer district how in the open air; Install and complicated operation, cost is than manual measurement height; Still there is not satisfied soil erosion automatic monitoring measuring equipment.
Utilize standard closure sub-district runoff recording geometry to utilize the soil erosion under mode and the farming way to manage to observe to different soils well.Finding in application also has a lot of drawbacks, for example: observe closed sub-district exist the place to fix at the standard runoff, bigger when building observation field to land destruction; The cost height, the problem that operating cost is big, generally building a soil and water losses observation field needs more than 200,000 yuan at least, and closed sub-district area is many about 100 square metres, and soil can only be taked manually to plough in the farming sub-district, and is bigger with land for growing field crops mechanical cultivation actual variance; Owing to limited by the place, be difficult to carry out the gradient, length of grade observation; Because place and equipment are fixed, and are subject to drawbacks such as nature and artificial destruction, the water and soil conservation scholar had carried out deep exploration in aspect such as runoff observation method and equipment in the open air in recent years.U.S. Cruse (2001) has developed the removable runoff observation device of sectional type (Divider collector), the sub-district is still adopted closed, utilize the sheet metal of detachable recycling to replace cement plate, shunt water leg placing shunting bucket ground level under to replace with as for the sectional type on the face of land.Its advantage is the runoff observation that is suitable for open-air zonule (less than 50 square metres), installs simply relatively, and the measurement result precision is higher, detachably, removable, can be used for the runoff observation under the open-air virtual condition, can be used for the observation under disposable rainfall or the rainmaking.But also have many deficiencies, the observation area is less, and each water leg all needs level-off during installation, it is bigger influenced by surface water tension force, all need equipment is cleared up after each rainfall, be unsuitable for the big or bigger observation of runoff intensity of sediment charge, use limited.Chinese scholar has also obtained certain achievement at the runoff observation device, " a kind of runoff rate dot type analyzer " (patent No.: ZL03269640.X) representative the most with invention such as Cao Jiansheng (2004), this device is being under the prerequisite of power with the mechanical clock, by special drive disk assembly, realized that recording chart is when doing uniform circular motion, also carry out the uniform motion on the vertical direction, thereby with in the flow sensor switching process by special-purpose pulse producer---mechanical pulsing signal that " cam disc+dot type recording pointer " produces is reflected on the recording chart with the form of spiral curve, when realizing that water flow process is monitored automatically, reduced the replacing frequency of recording chart.Should be based on the dot type self-recording flow measuring instrument of tipping bucket method, the discharge process of tested current can be passed through tipping bucket type flow sensor, cam dot type pulse producer and dot type recording apparatus, form with spiral curve is reflected on the recording chart, has finished the automatic monitoring task of current preferably.Can be widely used in slope runoff sub-district, interflow, underground crack undercurrent, and in the current monitoring of the multiple no pressures such as base flow of small watershed, low water head, low discharge; The problem that exists mainly is, need regularly change recording chart, can only be used for the runoff observation of low discharge, and the maximum observation of per minute run-off be 3kg only, it is reported the field sometimes the per minute run-off therefore also do not reach open-air various situation and observe requirement up to 30kg.
The applicant has developed a kind of packaged type rainwash observation device on forefathers' basis, and has obtained the national inventing patent, (patent No.: ZL200610163240.9) in 2009.This device mainly is made up of runoff gathering-device, runoff sample collecting apparatus, run-off determinator, data metering system and five parts of rainproof protective cover, and its core is runoff sample collecting apparatus and run-off determinator.But it is still more serious that silt deposits in packaged type rainwash observation device, influenced the accuracy of observation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deposit seriously, influenced the problem of the accuracy of observation, and then a kind of sample collecting apparatus that rainwash silt mixes that is used for is provided in order to solve in the existing packaged type rainwash observation device.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of sample collecting apparatus that is used for the mixing of rainwash silt comprises one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement and secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement, one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement comprises the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank, first-class line style bottom protrusion and connecting pipe, first-class line style bottom protrusion is arranged in the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank, and the distance H between the bottom of the top of first-class line style bottom protrusion and the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank is 40mm-50mm, the upper end of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank has a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth outlet, connecting pipe is arranged in the contour equidistant teeth outlet, secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement comprises the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank, the second streamlined bottom protrusion, flexible pipe and sample collection bottle, the second streamlined bottom protrusion is arranged in the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank, and between the bottom of the top of the second streamlined bottom protrusion and the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank is 15mm-20mm apart from M, the upper end of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank has a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth outlet, be connected by flexible pipe between sample collection bottle and the outlet of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth, the diameter Ф 1 of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank is 200mm, height h1 is 150mm, the height of a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth is 18mm, the quantity of a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth is 16, the diameter Ф 2 of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank is 60mm, height h2 is 40mm, the height of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth is 10mm, and the quantity of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth is 10.
The present invention compared with prior art has following effect: the present invention is by the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 and the diameter of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 and specifically defining of height and streamlined base projections size, with the runoff is power, realize that silt is after tempering tank fully mixes, flow out along the top, make silt not in bottom deposit, improve the accuracy of observation, accuracy rate reaches 98% by 72%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the sample collecting apparatus of rainwash silt mixing; Fig. 2 is the runoff mixed process synoptic diagram of surface water in the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank; Fig. 3 is the height of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 and the mensuration of radial flow sediment content error at measurment relation; Fig. 4 is the diameter of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 and the mensuration of radial flow sediment content error at measurment relation; Fig. 5 is the height and the radial flow sediment content error at measurment relation of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of sample collecting apparatus that is used for the mixing of rainwash silt of present embodiment comprises one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement and secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement, one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement comprises the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1, first-class line style bottom protrusion 2 and connecting pipe 4, first-class line style bottom protrusion 2 is arranged in the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1, and the distance H between the bottom of the top of first-class line style bottom protrusion 2 and the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 is 40mm-50mm, the upper end of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 has a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth outlet, connecting pipe 4 is arranged in the contour equidistant teeth outlet, secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement comprises the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5, the second streamlined bottom protrusion 6, flexible pipe 8 and sample collection bottle 9, the second streamlined bottom protrusion 6 is arranged in the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5, and between the bottom of the top of the second streamlined bottom protrusion 6 and the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 is 15mm-20mm apart from M, the upper end of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 has a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth outlet, be connected by flexible pipe 8 between sample collection bottle 9 and the outlet of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth, the diameter Ф 1 of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 is 200mm, height h1 is 150mm, the height of a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth 3 is 18mm, the quantity of a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth 3 is 16, the diameter Ф 2 of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 is 60mm, height h2 is 40mm, the height of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth 7 is 10mm, and the quantity of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth 7 is 10.
Through runoff, because sand grain varies, sediment charge from top to bottom increases, and has inhomogeneity when therefore flowing into tempering tank.Runoff at first reaches the prominence, to distributing, along curved bottom changed course top, finishes the mixing of silt in this process then all around.When upwards flow velocity is greater than sediment settlement speed, flow out the runoff (see figure 2) of silt mixing from the tempering tank coboundary.Therefore, whether silt deposits and the sample mix effect depends on the radius of jet exit section to bottom distance and jet exit section, promptly depends on the radius and the height of tempering tank.Because one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement has only carried out 1/16 shunting, sample size is also bigger.Utilize again and last identical principle, carry out the secondary shunting, owing to flow velocity and flow less than flow velocity and flow in the one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement, therefore, secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement will dwindle.
One, determining of one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement parameter:
1. the optimum height of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1:
In the parametric procedure of determining one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement, be provided with the height and the diameter coupling test of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1, height h1 is divided into 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, diameter Ф
1Be divided into 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm.Through flow velocity 70-100cm/s, sediment charge are 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%.5 replications (tempering tank height and radial flow sediment content error at measurment relation are seen Fig. 3).
Under the situation of fixed diameter, height h1 is silt measurement result error minimum when being 150mm, no matter is highly to reduce or increase, and error all increases, and in the 0.1%-10% scope, the sediment charge error at measurment is less than 15% at sediment charge.Far beyond artificial mixed determining error is little.So the optimum height h1 of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 is 150mm.
2. the optimum diameter of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1:
Under highly fixing situation, silt measurement result error minimum during diameter Ф 1200mm, no matter be that diameter reduces or increases, error all increases, in the 0.1%-10% scope, the sediment charge error at measurment is less than 16% (tempering tank diameter and radial flow sediment content error at measurment relation are seen Fig. 4) at sediment charge.Far beyond artificial mixed determining error is little.
Measurement result shows that one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement optimal parameter height h1 is 150mm, and diameter Ф 1 is 200mm.
Two, determining of secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement parameter:
1. the optimum diameter of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5:
Carried out one time 1/16 shunting owing to enter the runoff of secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement, flow velocity and flow all significantly reduce.Therefore the diameter Ф 2 of secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement is fixed as 60mm.
Be provided with tempering tank height and sediment charge coupling test, height h2 is divided into 40mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 100mm, and sediment charge is 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%.5 replications.
2. the optimum height of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5:
Along with the increase of height, the error of sample sediment charge increases, and is because effluxvelocity is lower, and when highly reaching one regularly, jet can not impact the bottom, causes silt in bottom deposit, and big highly more, error is also big more.Under the situation of fixed diameter, silt measurement result error minimum when height h2 is 40mm, along with highly increasing, error increases, and highly reduces, and runoff then spills outside the bucket, and in the 0.1%-10% scope, the sediment charge error at measurment is less than 5% at sediment charge.Far beyond artificial mixed determining error is little.So the optimum height h2 of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 is 40mm.(height and the radial flow sediment content error at measurment relation of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 are seen Fig. 5).
The upper end of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 of present embodiment has a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth outlet, and the quantity that a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth export is 16.Effectively realized the 1 evenly effect of shunting of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank, in first upper port that cushions stainless steel tempering tank 1 the del opening has been set evenly, i.e. the teeth of contour equidistant tooth.Diameter according to the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 is 200mm and inlet runoff rate, is set to 16 equidistant teeth, realizes 1/16 evenly shunting, promptly has only 1/16 runoff to enter in subordinate's second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5.
The upper end of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 of present embodiment has a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth outlet, and the quantity that a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth export is 10.The 5 evenly effects of shunting of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank have effectively been realized, according to the diameter of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 is 60mm and the runoff rate that flowed into by the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1, be set to 10 equidistant teeth, realized 1/10 even shunting, promptly had only 1/10 runoff to enter the sample collection bottle 9 from the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5.
The top of the first-class line style bottom protrusion 2 of present embodiment is 38mm-40mm apart from the distance H of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank, 1 bottom, and the top of the second streamlined bottom protrusion 6 is 15mm-18mm apart from the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank, 5 bottoms apart from M.The runoff and sediment that such distance makes the first-class line style bottom protrusion 2 and the second streamlined bottom protrusion 6 not only be convenient to mixes, and also is convenient to upwards upset of runoff and sediment.
The height that a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth of present embodiment export is 10mm-12mm.Diameter 60mm and runoff rate according to the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 are set, and are convenient to realize even equivalent shunting.
Embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the wall thickness of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1 of present embodiment is 1.5mm.So be provided with, light weight has not only been saved cost, also is convenient to the transportation of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank 1.Other composition is identical with embodiment one with annexation.
Embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the wall thickness of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5 of present embodiment is 1.0mm.So be provided with, light weight has not only been saved cost, also is convenient to the transportation of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank 5.Other composition is identical with embodiment one or two with annexation.
Embodiment four: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the caliber of the connecting pipe 4 of present embodiment is 35mm.So be provided with, make the flowing in the secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement of surface water smoothness.Other composition is identical with embodiment one, two or three with annexation.
Embodiment five: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the caliber of the flexible pipe 8 of present embodiment is 20mm.So be provided with, make flowing in the sample collection bottle 9 through the surface water smoothness of shunting for the second time.Other composition is identical with embodiment one, two, three or four with annexation.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is used for the sample collecting apparatus that rainwash silt mixes, it comprises one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement and secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement, one-level runoff and sediment mixing arrangement comprises the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank (1), first-class line style bottom protrusion (2) and connecting pipe (4), first-class line style bottom protrusion (2) is arranged in the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank (1), and the distance (H) between the bottom of the top of first-class line style bottom protrusion (2) and the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank (1) is 40mm-50mm, the upper end of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank (1) has a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth outlet, connecting pipe (4) is arranged in the contour equidistant teeth outlet, secondary runoff and sediment mixing arrangement comprises the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank (5), the second streamlined bottom protrusion (6), flexible pipe (8) and sample collection bottle (9), the second streamlined bottom protrusion (6) is arranged in the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank (5), and the distance (M) between the bottom of the top of the second streamlined bottom protrusion (6) and the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank (5) is 15mm-20mm, the upper end of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank (5) has a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth outlet, be connected by flexible pipe (8) between sample collection bottle (9) and the outlet of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth, it is characterized in that: the diameter (Ф 1) of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank (1) is 200mm, highly (h1) is 150mm, the height of a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth (3) is 18mm, the quantity of a plurality of first contour equidistant teeth (3) is 16, the diameter (Ф 2) of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank (5) is 60mm, highly (h2) is 40mm, the height of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth (7) is 10mm, and the quantity of a plurality of second contour equidistant teeth (7) is 10.
2. a kind of sample collecting apparatus that rainwash silt mixes that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the wall thickness of the first buffering stainless steel tempering tank (1) is 1.5mm.
3. a kind of sample collecting apparatus that rainwash silt mixes that is used for according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the wall thickness of the second buffering stainless steel tempering tank (5) is 1.0mm.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described a kind of sample collecting apparatus that rainwash silt mixes that are used for, it is characterized in that: the caliber of connecting pipe (4) is 35mm.
5. a kind of sample collecting apparatus that rainwash silt mixes that is used for according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the caliber of flexible pipe (8) is 20mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201010594588XA CN102087176B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | Device for acquiring samples of mixed surface runoff and sediment |
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| CN201010594588XA CN102087176B (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | Device for acquiring samples of mixed surface runoff and sediment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104596800A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 同济大学 | Wheel type overland runoff sampling device |
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| CN201607350U (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2010-10-13 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Low-interference sheet flow sampler |
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2010
- 2010-12-15 CN CN201010594588XA patent/CN102087176B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
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| US5847292A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1998-12-08 | Gky & Associates, Inc. | Sheet flow water quality monitoring device |
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| 《农业机械学报》 20050131 王辉 等 坡面径流量与含沙量动态测量系统 79-82 全文 第36卷, 第1期 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104596800A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 同济大学 | Wheel type overland runoff sampling device |
| CN104596800B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-02-22 | 同济大学 | Wheel type overland runoff sampling device |
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