CN102085124A - 具有关节盂缘置换结构的肩假体组件 - Google Patents

具有关节盂缘置换结构的肩假体组件 Download PDF

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CN102085124A
CN102085124A CN2010105921457A CN201010592145A CN102085124A CN 102085124 A CN102085124 A CN 102085124A CN 2010105921457 A CN2010105921457 A CN 2010105921457A CN 201010592145 A CN201010592145 A CN 201010592145A CN 102085124 A CN102085124 A CN 102085124A
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glenoid cavity
fornix
wall
glenoid
prosthesis assembly
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CN102085124B (zh
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K·拉平
M·斯通
L·德维尔德
J·艾安诺蒂
C·巴萨马尼亚
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DePuy Products Inc
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DePuy Products Inc
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于肩胛骨的假体组件。该假体组件包括关节盂支承座和支承。关节盂支承座包括被构造成可占据肩胛骨的关节盂穹窿至少一部分的关节盂穹窿占据部,该关节盂穹窿占据部具有第一连接部件。关节盂支承座还包括附接到关节盂穹窿占据部的关节盂缘置换部。支承限定支承表面并具有第二连接部件,该第二连接部件被构造成与第一连接部件配合,以将支承连接到关节盂穹窿占据部上。关节盂穹窿占据部限定支承侧端部和相对侧端部。关节盂缘置换部从关节盂穹窿占据部的支承侧端部向外突出。关节盂支承座限定植骨槽。

Description

具有关节盂缘置换结构的肩假体组件
背景技术
本发明总体上涉及肩假体,更具体地涉及被构造为用于有关节盂穹窿侵蚀或缺陷的肩的肩假体。
典型的肩或盂肱关节形成于人体中的肱骨10可动地接触肩胛骨12的位置,如图1中所示。肩胛骨12包括关节窝14,关节窝14形成肱骨10头紧贴其上而关节连接的承窝。在此承窝处,肩胛骨12包括有助于这种关节连接的软骨16。在软骨下有形成关节盂穹窿20壁的软骨下骨18,该壁限定容纳松质骨22的腔体。形成关节盂穹窿20的软骨下骨18限定关节盂穹窿周边处的关节盂缘21,关节盂缘21附接到软骨16上(见图1)。在患者的生命过程中,关节窝14尤其是其后部和/或上部会逐渐磨损,从而导致剧烈的肩痛并限制患者盂肱关节的动作范围。为了缓解这种疼痛并增大患者的动作范围,可进行肩关节成形术。
肩关节成形术通常涉及用诸如美国专利No.6,911,047所公开的常规关节盂假体对关节窝进行外科手术置换,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。该关节盂假体在植入时提供新的侧向支承表面,该表面可为凹状或凸状,以与自然或假体肱骨头的互补支承表面关节连接。这种常规的关节盂假体通常由UHMW聚乙烯、钛或钴铬合金形成,并且包括骨锚,诸如栓、螺钉、柱或从与其支承表面相对的装置背面延伸的脊棱。如此进行构造:假体背面通常紧贴关节盂穹窿的软骨下骨而固定,同时一个或多个骨锚可延伸到关节盂穹窿的腔体中,以此使其锚定到设置在关节盂穹窿内的松质骨上。
然而,存在这样的情况,其中软骨下骨支承表面(包括关节盂缘)和设置在关节盂穹窿内的底层松质骨会显著损耗,以致可能难以支承和锚定常规的关节盂假体。当患者经历导致关节盂发生后侵蚀的慢性肩关节半脱位时会发生这样一种情况,在该后侵蚀中关节盂的软骨下骨和松质骨随时间慢慢磨损。在肩部翻修手术期间移除常规关节盂假体时可观察到另一种这样的情况。常规关节盂假体的移除会暴露出在常规肩假体无意中松动后肩的反复运动所导致的关节盂缺陷。因此,在一些存在软骨下骨和软质骨大量损耗的场合,上述常规关节盂假体的植入会由于缺乏合适的骨量而不适于进行。
因此,需要一种改进的假体组件用于软骨下骨支承表面(包括关节盂缘)和其关节盂穹窿的底层松质骨发生损耗的患者中。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供一种用于肩胛骨的假体组件。该假体组件包括关节盂支承座和支承。关节盂支承座包括被构造成可占据肩胛骨的关节盂穹窿至少一部分的关节盂穹窿占据部,该关节盂穹窿占据部具有第一连接部件。关节盂支承座还包括附接到关节盂穹窿占据部上的关节盂缘置换部。支承限定支承表面并具有第二连接部件,该第二连接部件被构造成与第一连接部件配合,以将支承接合到关节盂穹窿占据部上。关节盂穹窿占据部限定支承侧端部和相对侧端部。关节盂缘置换部从关节盂穹窿占据部的支承侧端部向外突出。关节盂支承座限定植骨槽。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供一种肩假体,其包括用于肩胛骨的假体组件。该假体组件包括关节盂支承座和支承。关节盂支承座包括被构造成可占据肩胛骨的关节盂穹窿至少一部分的关节盂穹窿占据部,该关节盂穹窿占据部限定连接凹陷部。关节盂支承座还包括关节盂缘置换部,该置换部附接到关节盂穹窿占据部上并设置成围绕于连接凹陷部。支承限定支承表面并具有连接柄,该连接柄被接纳于连接凹陷部内以将支承连接到关节盂穹窿占据部上。关节盂穹窿占据部限定支承侧端部和相对侧端部。关节盂支承座限定位于关节盂穹窿占据部的支承侧端部附近的植骨槽。
附图说明
图1为患者的解剖学上正常的盂肱关节的剖视图;
图2为本发明肩假体组件的透视图;
图3为图2的肩假体关节盂支承座的侧视图;
图4为图2的肩假体关节盂支承座的端视图;
图5为图2的肩假体关节盂支承座的顶视图;
图6为沿图5的线6-6截取的关节盂支承座的剖视图;
图7为沿图5的线7-7截取的关节盂支承座的剖视图;
图8为图2的肩假体支承的透视图;
图9为图2的肩假体支承的侧视图;
图10为图2肩假体支承的端视图;
图11为关节盂支承座的可供选择的实施例的透视图,其可用于图2的肩假体中以代替其中的关节盂支承座;
图12为关节盂支承座的另一个可供选择的实施例的透视图,其可用于图2的肩假体中以代替其中的关节盂支承座;
图13为关节盂支承座的另一个可供选择的实施例的透视图,其可用于图2的肩假体中以代替其中的关节盂支承座;
图14为关节盂支承座的另一个可供选择的实施例的透视图,其可用于图2的肩假体中以代替其中的关节盂支承座;
图15为关节盂支承座的另一个可供选择的实施例的透视图,其可用于图2的肩假体中以代替其中的关节盂支承座;
图16为本发明肩假体组件的可供选择的实施例的透视图;
图17为其中可植入图2肩假体的患者肩胛骨的残缺、劣质状态的剖视图,其示出其中大量软骨下骨和松质骨已磨损的肩胛骨的损耗;
图18为将图2的肩假体植入之后图17的患者肩胛骨的残缺、劣质状态的剖视图,其中为了视图清晰起见移走了支承;以及
图19为本发明肩假体组件的另一个可供选择的实施例的透视图。
具体实施方式
虽然本文所述的肩假体组件不难具有各种修改形式和替代形式,但在附图中仅以举例方式示出其具体实施例,并将在文中详细描述。然而应当理解,本文无意将肩假体组件限制为所公开的具体形式,而是相反,本发明的目的在于涵盖由权利要求规定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改形式、等同形式和替代形式。
现在参见图2,其示出被构造成可植入人体肩胛骨中的肩假体组件30。假体组件30包括关节盂支承座32和支承34。关节盂支承座32完全由金属材料制成,而支承34完全由聚合材料制成。优选地,关节盂支承座32由生物级不锈钢或钛材制成。另外,关节盂支承座可以包括设置在其整个外表面上的多孔涂层,以促进患者骨骼的生物长入。支承34优选地完全由如聚乙烯之类的聚合物制成。一种非常适于用作支承部件的特定聚乙烯为高分子量聚乙烯,例如超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)。
图3-7更为详细地示出关节盂支承座32。具体地讲,关节盂支承座32包括关节盂穹窿占据部36和关节盂缘置换部38。关节盂缘置换部38附接在关节盂穹窿占据部36上,如图3-7中所示。优选地,关节盂缘置换部38和关节盂穹窿占据部36通过一体地共同形成而彼此附接成单个部件。作为另外一种选择,可通过使关节盂缘置换部38和关节盂穹窿占据部36具有互补的搭扣配合结构或摩擦配合结构等而使其彼此附接。
关节盂穹窿占据部36被构造成可占据肩胛骨的关节盂穹窿(如图1示出的关节盂穹窿20)的至少一部分。优选地,关节盂穹窿占据部36被构造成可基本上完全充填肩胛骨的关节盂穹窿(如图1示出的关节盂穹窿20)。为此,关节盂穹窿占据部36具有外壁40和外壁42,图3、4和7给出其最佳图示。如果在剖视图中看关节盂穹窿占据部36(见图7),则可见外壁40和外壁42彼此相对地设置而限定大致V形的外壁44。大致V形的外壁44限定边界B,边界B部分地由关节盂穹窿占据部36的结构占据。
关节盂穹窿占据部36具有限定于其中的连接凹陷部48,如图5-7中所示。连接凹陷部48由锥形内表面50和锥形内表面52限定。锥形内表面50具有限定于其中的狭槽54,而锥形内表面52具有限定于其中的狭槽56。锥形内表面50、狭槽54、锥形内表面52和狭槽56共同限定连接部件57。
关节盂穹窿占据部36限定支承侧端部58和相对侧端部60,如图6-7中所示。关节盂缘置换部38从支承侧端部58向外突出,如图5-7中所示。关节盂缘置换部38被构造为环绕关节盂穹窿占据部36的支承侧端部,如图5中所示。关节盂缘置换部38还被构造为环绕连接凹陷部48和连接部件57,如图5中所示。
关节盂缘置换部38包括外表面62和内表面64。关节盂缘置换部38的内表面64面向关节盂穹窿占据部36的外壁40,如图7中所示。关节盂缘置换部38的内表面64和关节盂穹窿占据部36的外壁40限定植骨槽66,如图7中所示。植骨槽66被构造成可将一定量的骨移植材料65接纳在其中。图7示出设置在植骨槽66中的一定量的骨移植材料65。更多的骨移植材料65还设置在植骨槽66的外部,如图7中所示。骨移植材料65包括皮层质骨移植材料和/或松质骨移植材料。骨移植材料65优选地被塞入或压入植骨槽66中。应当理解,植骨槽66设置在边界B以外,如图7中所示。
关节盂穹窿占据部36还包括紧固件通道82和另一紧固件通道84,图6给出其最佳图示。紧固件安置在紧固件通道82、84内(如图19中所示),以便于初始固定。
关节盂缘置换部38限定支承面向侧76和肩胛骨面向侧78,如图6-7中所示。关节盂支承座32还限定进入开口80,进入开口80被构造成使骨移植材料能够在其中被推进到植骨槽66。进入开口80邻近关节盂缘置换部38的肩胛骨面向侧78而设置,如图6-7中所示。进入开口80环绕关节盂穹窿占据部36。
图8-10更为详细地示出支承34。具体地讲,支承34包括限定支承表面68的本体67。支承表面68为凹状支承表面,如图2和图8中所示。支承34还包括从本体67向下延伸的连接器构件70,如图8-10中所示。连接器构件70包括两个外伸的翼片72。包括翼片72的连接器构件70限定连接部件74,连接部件74被构造成可与关节盂穹窿占据部36的连接部件57配合,以将支承34连接到关节盂穹窿占据部36上。具体地讲,连接器构件70被构造成可被接纳于关节盂穹窿占据部36的连接凹陷部48内。当连接器构件70如此被接纳时,连接器构件70的翼片72分别进入限定于锥形内表面50、52的狭槽54、56内。
现在来看图11,其示出关节盂支承座132的另一个实施例。关节盂支承座132的使用方式基本上与文中描述的关节盂支承座32相同。此外,关节盂支承座32具有与关节盂支承座132完全相同的尺寸和构造,只有两处不同。因此,图11中用标识关节盂支承座32的结构的附图标记来标识关节盂支承座132的类似结构。
第一个不同之处涉及关节盂支承座132的关节盂穹窿占据部36的外壁40、42。具体地讲,外壁40、42中限定多个垂直延伸的凹槽133,凹槽133从相对侧端部60延伸至支承侧端部58,如图11中所示。垂直延伸的凹槽133被构造成可将一定量的骨移植材料65容纳在其中。图11示出了被置入垂直延伸的凹槽133中的一定量的骨移植材料65。
第二个不同之处涉及关节盂支承座132的关节盂缘置换部38。更具体地讲,关节盂缘置换部38具有从其上部UP向下延伸的多个垂直排列的凸肋135。所述多个垂直排列的凸肋135限定多个垂直排列的狭槽137,如图11中所示。各个狭槽137均与植骨槽66连通。狭槽137共同构成另一植骨槽139,其中各狭槽限定用于将一定量的骨移植材料65容纳在其中的子植骨槽。注意,虽然只是详细示出关节盂支承座132的关节盂缘置换部38的一侧部分具有凸肋135和狭槽137(图11中正面),但是应当理解,关节盂支承座132的关节盂缘置换部38的另一侧部分(图11中的背侧)也具有相同的凸肋135和狭槽137。
现在来看图12,该图示出关节盂支承座232的另一个实施例。关节盂支承座232的使用方式与文中已描述的关节盂支承座132基本上相同。此外,关节盂支承座132具有与关节盂支承座232完全相同的尺寸和构造,仅有一处不同。因此,图12中用标识关节盂支承座132的结构的附图标记来标识关节盂支承座232的类似结构。
所述不同之处涉及关节盂支承座232的关节盂缘置换部38,具体地讲,涉及其凸肋135和狭槽137。具体地讲,多个垂直排列的狭槽137一直垂直延伸而穿过关节盂缘置换部38的上部UP,如图12中所示。因此,凸肋135被构造为L形,从而为植骨槽239提供更多的空间,以将更多的骨移植材料容纳在其中。
现在来看图13,该图示出关节盂支承座332的另一个实施例。关节盂支承座332的使用方式与文中已描述的关节盂支承座32基本上相同。此外,关节盂支承座32具有与关节盂支承座132完全相同的尺寸和构造,仅有一处不同。因此,图13中用标识关节盂支承座32的结构的附图标记来标识关节盂支承座332的类似结构。
所述不同之处涉及关节盂支承座332的关节盂缘置换部38。更具体地讲,关节盂缘置换部38具有多个水平排列的凸肋335,凸肋335围绕关节盂支承座332的关节盂缘置换部38延伸。多个水平排列的凸肋335限定多个水平排列的狭槽337,如图13中所示。与图11-12示出的实施例形成对比,各狭槽337均未与植骨槽66连通。狭槽337共同构成另一植骨槽339,其中各狭槽限定用于将一定量的骨移植材料65容纳在其中的子植骨槽。注意,虽然只是详细示出关节盂支承座332的关节盂缘置换部38的一侧部分具有凸肋335和狭槽337(图13中正面),但是应当理解,关节盂支承座332的关节盂缘置换部38的另一侧部分(图13中背面)也具有相同的凸肋335和狭槽337。狭槽337共同构成另一植骨槽339,其中各狭槽限定用于将一定量的骨移植材料65容纳在其中的子植骨槽。
现在来看图14,该图示出关节盂支承座432的另一个实施例。关节盂支承座432的使用方式与文中已描述的关节盂支承座32基本上相同。此外,关节盂支承座32具有与关节盂支承座432完全相同的尺寸和构造,仅有一处不同。因此,图14中用标识关节盂支承座32的结构的附图标记来标识关节盂支承座432的类似结构。
所述不同之处涉及包括外壁40、42的关节盂支承座432的关节盂穹窿占据部36的侧壁。具体地讲,这些侧壁中限定多个贯穿其中的缝线孔443,如图14中所示。缝线孔443被构造为容纳穿过其中的缝线,从而将一定量的骨移植材料固定至关节盂支承座432。
现在来看图15,该图示出关节盂支承座532的另一个实施例。关节盂支承座532的使用方式与文中已描述的关节盂支承座32基本上相同。此外,关节盂支承座32具有与关节盂支承座532完全相同的尺寸和构造,仅有一处不同。因此,图15中用标识关节盂支承座32的结构的附图标记来标识关节盂支承座532的类似结构。
所述不同之处涉及关节盂支承座532的关节盂缘置换部38。具体地讲,关节盂支承座532的关节盂缘置换部38包括仅围绕关节盂穹窿占据部36的一部分延伸的边缘段545。在此实施例中,关节盂缘置换部38优选地仅围绕关节盂穹窿占据部36的周边的一半延伸,如图15中所示。因此,植骨槽66同样仅围绕关节盂穹窿占据部36的一半延伸。
现在来看图16,其示出假体组件630的另一个实施例。假体组件630的使用方式与文中已描述的假体组件30基本上相同。此外,假体组件630包括具有与假体组件30的部件完全相同的尺寸和构造的部件,仅有一处不同。因此,图16中用标识假体组件30的结构的附图标记来标识假体组件630的类似结构。
该不同之处涉及支承34。具体地讲,支承34包括限定支承表面68的本体67。支承表面68为图16所示的凸状支承表面,而非图8-10中所示的凹状支承表面。在基本上所有的其他方面,支承34以与构造图8-10的支承34相同的方式构造。
假体组件30被构造成可固定到图17所示患者的肩胛骨12′上。与图1所示的肩胛骨12类似,图17示出的肩胛骨12′包括形成关节盂穹窿20′壁的软骨下骨18′,关节盂穹窿20′限定容纳松质骨22′的腔。注意,肩胛骨12′的软骨下骨和软质骨有大量损耗。实际上,软骨16′层(以虚线显示)和包括关节盂缘21′的软骨下骨18′的上壁18U′(关节盂缘21′和上壁18U′均以虚线显示)不再作为肩胛骨12′的一部分而存在。
图18示出假体组件30在植入肩胛骨12′后的状态(注意,为了视图清晰起见支承34被移走)。还要注意到,为了视图清晰起见紧固件被移走(参见例如图19的紧固件F1和F2)。再要注意到,在植入包括关节盂支承座32的假体组件30之前取下肩胛骨12′,以用诸如铰刀、锯子、钻头、磨锥、锉刀等的骨成形工具对关节盂穹窿20′表面做手术上的准备。具体地讲,将软骨下骨18′和/或松质骨22′的表面整形而形成互补的腔C和顶面TS,以接纳关节盂支承座32,如图18中所示。
现在来看图19,该图示出假体组件730的另一个实施例。假体组件730的使用方式与文中已描述的假体组件30基本上相同。此外,假体组件730包括具有与假体组件30的部件完全相同的尺寸和构造的部件,仅有几处不同。因此,图19中用标识假体组件30的结构的附图标记来标识假体细件730的类似结构。
第一个不同之处涉及支承34。具体地讲,支承34为分体式支承,其包括(i)连接到关节盂支承座32上的金属基部750,以及(ii)连接到基部750上的聚合物插接部752。插接部752被构造成可扣合到基部750中,从而将插接部连接于基部,正如本领域中所熟知。第二个不同之处涉及关节盂穹窿占据部36的一组紧固件通道。具体地讲,假体组件730的关节盂穹窿占据部36包括图19所示的第三紧固件通道760。紧固件通道760被构造成以与紧固件通道82、84分别将紧固件F1和F2容纳在其中的方式相同的方式将紧固件(未示出)容纳在其中。在基本上所有的其他方面中,假体组件730的构造和操作方式与文中解说和描述的的假体组件30的相同。
文中描述的肩假体组件的每个实施例的各种结构具有多个优点。应当注意的是,肩假体组件的可供选择的实施例可能不包括所有这些结构,但仍然得益于此类结构的优点中的至少一些优点。本领域的普通技术人员可能不难构想出其自己的包括这些结构中的一项或多项的肩假体组件实施方案,且这些实施方案均落在如本文所附的权利要求书规定的本发明的精神和范围内。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于肩胛骨的假体组件,包括:
关节盂支承座,其包括:
关节盂穹窿占据部,其被构造成可占据所述肩胛骨的关节盂穹窿的至少一部分,所述关节盂穹窿占据部具有第一连接部件;和
关节盂缘置换部,其附接到所述关节盂穹窿占据部;以及
支承,其限定支承表面并具有第二连接部件,所述第二连接部件被构造成与所述第一连接部件配合,以将所述支承连接到所述关节盂穹窿占据部上,
其中所述关节盂穹窿占据部限定支承侧端部和相对侧端部,
其中所述关节盂缘置换部从所述关节盂穹窿占据部的所述支承侧端部向外突出,
其中所述关节盂支承座限定植骨槽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,还包括设置在所述植骨槽中的一定量的骨移植材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中:
所述关节盂穹窿占据部限定外壁,
所述关节盂缘置换部限定面向所述关节盂穹窿占据部的所述外壁的内壁,并且
所述关节盂穹窿占据部的所述外壁和所述关节盂缘置换部的所述内壁限定所述植骨槽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中:
所述关节盂缘置换部包括多个垂直排列的凸肋,
所述植骨槽包括多个子植骨槽,并且
所述多个垂直排列的凸肋中的相邻凸肋分别形成所述多个子植骨槽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中:
所述关节盂缘置换部包括多个水平排列的凸肋,
所述植骨槽包括多个子植骨槽,并且
所述多个水平排列的凸肋中的相邻凸肋分别形成所述多个子植骨槽。
6.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中所述关节盂缘置换部环绕所述关节盂穹窿占据部的所述支承侧端部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中所述关节盂缘置换部环绕所述第一连接部件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中所述支承表面为凹状支承表面。
9.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中所述支承表面为凸状支承表面。
10.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中:
所述关节盂穹窿占据部包括第一外壁和第二外壁,
如果在剖视图中看所述关节盂穹窿占据部,则可见所述第一外壁和所述第二外壁彼此相对地设置而限定大致V形的外壁,
所述大致V形的外壁限定部分地为所述关节盂穹窿占据部的结构所占据的边界,并且
所述关节盂缘置换部设置在所述边界以外。
11.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中:
所述关节盂缘置换部限定支承面向侧和肩胛骨面向侧,
所述关节盂支承座还限定进入开口,所述进入开口被构造成使骨移植材料能够在其中被推进到所述植骨槽,并且
所述进入开口邻近于所述关节盂缘置换部的所述肩胛骨面向侧而设置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的假体组件,其中所述进入开口环绕所述关节盂穹窿占据部。
13.根据权利要求1所述的假体组件,其中:
所述关节盂穹窿占据部包括第一外壁和第二外壁,
如果在剖视图中看所述关节盂穹窿占据部,则可见所述第一外壁和所述第二外壁彼此相对地设置而限定大致V形的外壁,
所述大致V形的外壁限定部分地为所述关节盂穹窿占据部的结构所占据的边界,并且
所述植骨槽设置在所述边界以外。
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