CN1020670C - 具有弹性带的吸收物品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种一次性使用的如尿布那样的吸收物品,具有不透尿的底片,一层透尿的衬片和介于上述衬片和底片之间的吸附芯。衬片有一通道,使固态废料排到芯上,从而把废料与穿着者皮肤隔开。衬片由置于纵向不靠近通道位置的弹性带纵向收缩,从而在不影响漏泄保护的情况下改善与穿着者与吸附物的贴合,并允许吸附物的各部分承担独立的功能。
Description
本发明关于一次性使用的吸收物品,尤其是关于有选择地安置弹性带从而使之更贴合穿着者的吸收物品。
为了使一次性使用的吸收物品更贴合穿着者,先有技术中已作出了许多努力。较好的贴合物使穿着者比较舒服,还可使排泄物与穿着者的皮肤隔开。粪料与皮肤接触常常是表皮刺激的原因,并且清洗很困难。
克服上述问题的一项努力已公开在1987年5月5日授于Williams的美国专利No.4662877上,它公开了一种尿布,这种尿布具有一层带孔的透尿表层,使废物通过该表层进入尿布的吸附层。该尿布的表层具有弹性带使它离开下方的吸附结构。然而,Williams教导说把弹性带纵向地加在大的凸状的长方形孔附近,这样布置使密封腿部开口很困难,并且不能为开口与肛门口提供对准。
本发明的目的是排除上述有关吸收物品的不合体和粪料贴上一次性使用的吸收物品穿着者皮肤的问题。本发明包括一种一次性使用的吸收物品,它具有一根纵向轴和不透尿的底片。该物体还具有穿着后与皮肤靠近的衬片。该衬片有一通道,允许排泄物穿过衬片。一层吸附芯置于衬片和底片之间。该吸收物品还具有纵向收缩衬片的构件,它基本上纵向安置在不靠近通道的位置。在优选实施例中,纵向收缩构件由弹性带组成。
说明书以特别指出的并清楚地要求发明主体的权利要求来结束的,可以相信,参照附图进行下面描述将较好地理解本发明,同样的构件用同样的参照数字来表示。
图1是按本发明制造的一次性使用的尿布实施例的平面顶视图;
图2是图1所示尿布的透视图,它表示穿着者处于站立状态穿着组合好的从前面看过去的尿布;
图3是沿图2中3-3线的垂直剖视图,它示出了衬里和芯子之间的空白的区。
按照本发明制造的一次性使用的物件代表性的是尿布,但也可能是月经垫,失禁的成人的用品或本专业人员了解的其它用途的产品。这里公开的一次性使用的物件可用商业实践中公知方法和材料来制备。
这里描述的尿布宜用于体重约5Kg到11Kg任一性别的婴幼儿。可以理解,适当放缩下面讨论元件的尺寸,这种尿布便可用于大一些或小一些的穿着者。
图1是未折迭并放平的尿布10的平面顶视图,它具有典型的吸收物物件的基本构件:一块底片12,吸附芯16,衬里24以及与衬里24相联的纵向收缩构件。
尿布10由分层结构组成,处于平的不折迭状态时,它大致为砂漏形状。尿布10通常与它从前到后定向的纵轴对称,该轴通常与制造时尿布10的机器方向对准。横向轴与尿布10的纵轴正交,并在此尿布10的中点附近相交。当使用时,尿布10的前后面由横轴相邻部分确定,并通常是穿着看到的尿布的前后面。
尿布10包括一块底片12,它最好是不渗尿的并是柔性的,常使用不透明的聚合物片。底片12为尿布组件10提供大约为穿着者的拱形臀部形状的底托并保持住后面要讨论的尿布构件。
底片12的大小做成能在穿着者的腿部之间拉过并用弹性裤脚34封住。底片12用底片12背后的带子36绕着腰部固定,尿布10通常按照1975年1月14日授与Buell的US专利No.3860003的教导来制造,在此作参考引述。
低密度聚乙烯底片12的典型厚度大约是0.01mm-0.3mm,最佳厚度是0.03mm。底片12的纵向尺寸是大约45cm,横向尺寸在纵向边缘两端头之间约为32cm,而纵向边缘14中部的横向尺寸约为20cm是合适的。
与底片12并列朝向穿着者皮肤的是吸尿芯16,它通常是柔软的、平顺的、芯16可由如纤维素纤维的任何吸尿材料组成,代表性的材料是常为公知为气毡的弄碎的纤维素纤维材料。芯16还可以包含胶凝的聚丙烯吸收材料,以增加芯16的容量。
芯子16设计成用来吸收和保持预计的液量以适于该物品的具体用途、穿着时间和穿着者可能排出的液体容量。对这里描述的实施例来说,芯16最好具有最小约300ml的容量,以接纳穿着者排放的尿液。芯16通常是长方形的,它具有两个相对的面,长约35cm到40cm,宽约10到15cm,显然对本专业的人来说,亦可采用其它尺寸和形状。芯16纵向比底片12短,从而在尿布10的每个横向边缘20上提供自由边缘18。
芯16可以整体地或周向地固定到底片12上,也可不固定到底片12上,如果需要将芯16固定到底片12上,可采用如俄亥州哥伦布的世纪粘结剂厂制造的世纪5227那样的尿稳定粘合剂来粘接。
最好芯16保持一块整体、定位、不结团、不破裂或厚度上不过度变形,否则会产生穿着不适和吸水能力不稳定。为了对芯16提供稳定性,防止出现这样的不均匀的干扰,芯16可以由复盖层22复盖,复盖层22可以复盖芯16的一面,亦可两面,可用前面提到的粘结剂周边地或整体地固定到底片12上。复盖层22可以用任何透尿材料制成,这些材料有如纺织粘着或梳理的聚乙烯或聚丙烯纤维,厚度约0.25mm,基体重量约16.7克/米。
与芯16(或复盖层22,如果有的话)并列朝向穿着者的是没有弹性的透尿的、通常不吸收的衬片24,衬片24最好是柔顺的对皮肤无刺激性的。衬片24可用无纺纤维诸如前已描述的复盖层22的材料制造,亦可采
用聚烯烃类薄膜制成,聚烯烃类薄膜上开有将尿液传送到吸附芯16上的小孔。这里使用的衬片24的一部分虽然可能是不渗透尿的。但被认为是透尿的,不论在它上的那个区域都能使尿通过。
衬片24通常与底片12具有相应的尺寸和形状。衬片24起码是部分地、最好是整个地周边地固定到底片12上,芯16夹在底片12和衬片24之间。衬片24可用任何已知的方法诸如胶接,热封或超声连接的方法固定到底片12上。不论衬片24是直接固定到底片12(如图所示)或通过单独构件非直接地固定到底片12上,都被认为是固定到底片12上。
衬片24上有一通道26,它允许排泄物,尤其包括但不仅限于固体的渣滓料通过衬片24进入吸附芯16的区域内,因此将排泄物与穿着者的皮肤隔离开。在一个优选实施例中,通道26做成孔的形式,这里使用的通道是足以允许渣滓性材料无大阻挡地通过衬片24的任何开口。这里使用的孔字包括但不仅限于孔,狭长切口或它们的联合,最好孔是具有双凸形的椭圆形孔。
通道26的尺寸是在适合相对会阴不同肛门位置所需要的最小尺寸和各种固体渣滓材料的截面之间的平衡尺寸,同时又要尽量减少皮肤与排泄物的接触。最好是通道26的纵向尺寸大于横向尺寸,从而当该尿布10用在婴儿身上时能适应的各种纵向位置确保与肛门开口对准。
孔的纵向尺寸约5.0~6.5cm,横向尺寸约3.5~6.0cm,这样的尺寸是合适的。孔通常位于衬片24横向居中位置,纵向朝尿布10的后方至少偏置约2cm。
与衬片24配合的是使该衬片24产生收缩的构件,该收缩构件最好从制造日起到报废日止一直能保持弹性,并能可选择地定位在衬片24上。
对无弹性的衬片24来说,收缩构件最好采用橡皮带28,它的功能象拉紧器,并平行于尿布10的纵向轴。这里使用的弹性带28可以是任何截面的,长度大于宽度。弹性带28用自然橡胶制造,不张紧的横截面约为
2.4~6.4mm×0.18mm的长方形是合适的。Fulflex 9411带,由北卡罗来纳州苏格兰海峡的Fulflex公司制造,这种带子被发现工作得很好。一般情况下预先拉伸弹性带28,然后用合适的胶固定到尿布10上,这种胶由授与Buell的美国专利No.4081301公开,这里提出供参考。
衬片24最好有不收缩区,指如自由边缘18,位于尿布10的每一端上,在芯子16的横向边缘和底片12的横向边缘20的之间。该弹性带28最好不延伸入或接触到自由边缘18并与芯16的终端相接。这样设计减少了自由边缘区的皱褶和收缩,使使用者更舒服,并可减少沿尿布腰部的漏泄。另外,由于使衬片24的收缩部分比底片12短,当衬片24和底片12固定时,此尿布10将朝衬片24弯凹,产生宜于接纳穿着者拱形臀部的构架。由于底片12的长度为如上所述的约45cm,一般情况下衬片24纵向收缩后尺寸范围从约23cm~36cm是合适的。
纵向收缩件放置在纵向不靠近通道26处。作为这里使用来说,纵向不靠近通道26指的是从通道26朝尿布10的横向边缘20移动的任何部分上;换句话说,衬片24上的任一点,只要通过该点可划一条不与通道26重迭的平行于横向轴的线,这样的点都是纵向不靠近通道26。可以理解,横向不靠近通道26的弹性带28也可以有一部分横向靠近通道26,并落入本发明的范围。
收缩构件可以放置在横向靠近通道26,这里使用的横向靠近通道26指的是从通道离开直接朝向尿布10的横边20的衬片24的任何一部分。换言之,通过这条线的衬片24上的任何一点都是横向靠近通道26。
不必限于任何操作理论,可以相信,这样布置使衬片24更适合穿着者复杂的臀部曲线。排除通道26纵向折迭。另外可以相信,这样布置使通道26对准穿着者的肛门口,并为衬片24与穿着者的皮肤提供密封。最好前后两面的衬片都装有收缩构件,通道26的每一侧与衬片24配合,尽管一块尿布仅在前面或后面的一面上装有收缩构件也起码能提供部分上
述优点,因而也落入本发明的范围之内。
衬片24后部的衬片收缩构件最好包括一条或多条弹性带28,它们横向对中并通常平行于尿布10的纵轴。参见图2,当该尿布10由站立状态的穿着者穿上时,后弹性带28在衬片24的背后垂直向上拉。后面的弹性带28还推动衬片24的背片进入臀部槽,这样可防止固态排泄物移到穿着者身体的区域内。
衬片24前的衬片收缩构件最好包括一条或多条弹性带28,最好能与后弹性带28相对的拉力提供纵向矢量平衡。衬片24的前部衬片收缩带具有布置成V形的弹性带,最好顶点朝向通道26,开口朝向尿布的前端。这样布置有一纵向弹性的基本分力与背面构件的相对的拉力平衡,并具有上面讨论过的对准和密封功能。前带28以上述类似的方式(如图2所示)围着穿着者组装好以后,在尿片10的前片上垂直向上拉。
V形衬片前端收缩构件的夹角应小到足以提供纵向拉力,又要宽到足以使带子28不会磨伤或刺激生殖器,尤其要宽到足以接纳男性的阴囊。为此,弹性带28可以终止而不必在V形的顶端或U形那样的拱形顶端相交,这同样落入本发明的范围内。衬片前部的前收紧构件在带28之间的夹角可以按带28的横向间隔而变化,但在约20~90°之间是合适的。
带28不应伸入尿布10的自由边缘18的区域内,否则穿上后会使腰部变形。同样,带28不应该离通道26太近,否则可收缩或扭曲成不规则形状并会减小衬片24与皮肤的接触。相反,带子也不应该太短,或放置得离通道26太远,否则对准通道26和从芯16上提起衬片26就很困难。
前后弹性带28在在横向靠近通道26延伸率约为100~200%,未收缩状态延伸率约为125~200%,典型值为175%,弹性模量约为125000公斤/平方米,前部的长度约16.5cm,后面的长度约14.6cm,这种带子对这里描述的实施例来说工作得很好。如果需要,衬片24的接尿区可以胶到
芯16上,从而促使尿快速通过衬片24。
正如图3所示,穿着时,理想的纵向收缩的尿布衬片24将紧贴着穿着者,吸附芯16的弯曲的较大半径使芯16落离衬片24,并在它们之间产生一个空的间隔30。这个空间隔30可以起到收集排泄物并将收集的排泄料与皮肤隔开,从而防止刺激皮肤。
空间隔30的容积不是很严格的,只要能至少容纳约90克的粪料就行。而空间隔30的形状也不是很严格的,实际上也是不规则的。衬片24最好在通道附近不要固定到芯16,否则空间隔30的容量可能会大大减小。
对于本专业人员来说,很显然,对上述第一个实施例可作出各种修改。例如在衬片24和芯16之间的空间隔30可用附加的辅助的弹性带32来加强,如图1和2所示,它可用作为纵向收紧衬片24的收紧器。该辅助弹性带32通常纵向安置,并且纵向不靠近通道26。辅助带抬起衬片24的侧面使之离开芯16,因而可以增强固态粪料与穿着者之间的分开和隔离作用。
辅助带最好安置成与纵轴和横轴对称,在衬片24的每个四分之一上有一组带子。这样安置能促使衬片24横向张紧并加大通道26的开口。与前后带28相比,辅助弹性带32最好对衬片20收缩较小或与自由长度略有差异,因为可以相信这样布置抬起了衬片24的中心,从而可更好地贴合臀部的形状。通常每组辅助带的四根弹性带具有如前述横向靠近前后弹性带28同样的长度,在未收紧状态的延伸率约为100~200%,典型值为150%是合适的。
对本专业人员来说,很显然,孔的尺寸和形状是可变的,从而允许排泄物通过衬片24。例如可以采用具有前述的尺寸并位于纵横向中心的钻石形孔(图未示),也可采用象长槽那样的纵向约为4.0~6.0cm,横向约为0.5cm的孔(图未示)。如果尿布10用于较大的幼儿,较靠近尿
布10后面的较大通道26可能是需要的,所有这些通道26都落于本发明的范围内。
如果需要,衬片24靠近通道26的部分可以增强,以防止撕裂或起皱。可以在通道26的同心部分附近的带区加上双层厚度的衬片材料来增强,带区的尺寸为径向约1.0~2.0cm。
如果需要,也可在上述任何实施例的衬片24中结合进横向收紧构件。横向收紧的量是不严格的,然而也可用由于纵向收缩时出现的自然的任何横向颈缩来做到。例如,象图1那样的V形的并不具有纵向指向弹性带28,也提供了横向收缩。
对本专业人员来说,很显然,在不离开本发明的精神和范围的前提下,还可以作出其它的修改。
Claims (14)
1、一种具有一纵轴的一次性使用的吸收物品,上述物品包括:
一层不透尿的底片;一层透尿的衬片;一层介于上述衬片和上述底片之间的吸附芯;
其特征在于:该衬片具有一个前部,一个后部和至少一个适于让排泄物穿过该衬片的通道,上述衬片起码有部分周边固定到上述底片上;
纵向收缩上述衬片的构件,上述构件基本上置于纵向不靠近通道的位置并在所述衬片的前部;以及纵向收缩上述衬片的构件,该构件基本上置于纵向不靠近通道的位置并在所述衬片的后部。
2、一种具有一纵轴的一次性使用的吸收物品,上述物品包括:
一层不透尿的底片;一层透尿的衬片;一层介于上述衬片和上述底片之间的吸附芯;
其特征在于:该衬片具有一个前部、一个后部和至少一个适于让排泄物穿过该衬片的通道,上述衬片起码有部分周边固定到上述底片上;
至少一根置于上述前部和至少一根置于上述后部的弹性带,该弹性带纵向收缩上述衬片,上述弹性带基本上处于纵向不靠近上述通道的位置。
3、按照权利要求1或2的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于上述通道是一个孔。
4、按照权利要求3的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于上述孔的纵向尺寸比横向尺寸大。
5、按照权利要求1或2的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于还包括横向收缩上述衬片的构件。
6、按照权利要求5的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于上述横向收缩上述衬片的格件包括起码为一根的非纵向指向的弹性带。
7、按照权利要求6的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于上述衬片具有前部和后部,该衬片具有多于一根安置在前部的弹性带,并起码具有一根在其后部的弹性带。
8、按照权利要求7的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于在其前部具有两根弹性带,上述两根弹性带呈V形,上述V形的顶点朝向上述通道。
9、按照权利要求8的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于上述弹性带处于横向靠近上述通道的位置,并且还包括若干次级弹性带,它们通常在纵向收缩上述衬片,上述次级弹性带放置在基本上纵向横向不靠近上述通道的位置。
10、按照权利要求9的一种一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于上述次级弹性带与上述横向靠近弹性带相比较少地收缩上述衬片。
11、按照权利要求1的一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于所述前部收缩构件和后部收缩构件相对于纵轴取向成大约0°角至大约45°角。
12、按照权利要求11的一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于所述的两收缩构件相对于纵轴取向成大约10°至大约45°角。
13、按照权利要求2的一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于该前部弹性带和后部弹性带相对于纵轴取向成大约0°角至大约45°角。
14、按照权利要求13的一次性使用的吸收物品,其特征在于所述两弹性带相对于纵轴取向成大约10°至大约45°夹角。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/240,149 US4892536A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1988-09-02 | Absorbent article having elastic strands |
US240,149 | 1988-09-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1049782A CN1049782A (zh) | 1991-03-13 |
CN1020670C true CN1020670C (zh) | 1993-05-19 |
Family
ID=22905312
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN89107126A Expired - Fee Related CN1020670C (zh) | 1988-09-02 | 1989-09-01 | 具有弹性带的吸收物品 |
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US (1) | US4892536A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0357298B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2880191B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0185369B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1020670C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE114450T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU638412B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8904450A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1332095C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68919595T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK175241B1 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG18851A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2064448T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI95869C (zh) |
HK (1) | HK166296A (zh) |
IE (1) | IE65324B1 (zh) |
MA (1) | MA21624A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX167058B (zh) |
MY (1) | MY105088A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ230529A (zh) |
PH (1) | PH25414A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT91606B (zh) |
SA (1) | SA90100146B1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR24426A (zh) |
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1988
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- 1989-08-17 AT AT89308360T patent/ATE114450T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-17 ES ES89308360T patent/ES2064448T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-17 DE DE68919595T patent/DE68919595T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-29 CA CA000609686A patent/CA1332095C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-31 PT PT91606A patent/PT91606B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-31 EG EG42789A patent/EG18851A/xx active
- 1989-08-31 MX MX017391A patent/MX167058B/es unknown
- 1989-09-01 PH PH39194A patent/PH25414A/en unknown
- 1989-09-01 IE IE282789A patent/IE65324B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-01 DK DK198904356A patent/DK175241B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-01 CN CN89107126A patent/CN1020670C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-01 JP JP1227303A patent/JP2880191B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-01 FI FI894115A patent/FI95869C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-01 TR TR89/0704A patent/TR24426A/xx unknown
- 1989-09-01 KR KR1019890012638A patent/KR0185369B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-01 AU AU40953/89A patent/AU638412B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-09-01 MA MA21878A patent/MA21624A1/fr unknown
- 1989-09-01 NZ NZ230529A patent/NZ230529A/xx unknown
- 1989-09-02 MY MYPI89001194A patent/MY105088A/en unknown
- 1989-09-04 BR BR898904450A patent/BR8904450A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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1990
- 1990-03-31 SA SA90100146A patent/SA90100146B1/ar unknown
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1996
- 1996-09-05 HK HK166296A patent/HK166296A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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