CN102059453A - Non-contact-type ultrasonic-assisted laser welding method - Google Patents
Non-contact-type ultrasonic-assisted laser welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102059453A CN102059453A CN2011100039173A CN201110003917A CN102059453A CN 102059453 A CN102059453 A CN 102059453A CN 2011100039173 A CN2011100039173 A CN 2011100039173A CN 201110003917 A CN201110003917 A CN 201110003917A CN 102059453 A CN102059453 A CN 102059453A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-contact-type ultrasonic-assisted laser welding method belonging to the field of material processing engineering and aiming at solving the technical problems of easy air hole and hot crack generation, joint softening, and the like occurring in the laser welding of metal, such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and the like in the prior art. The invention adopts non-contact-type ultrasonic-assisted laser welding of titanium alloys or aluminum alloys, the generated cavitation action and the breaking theory of ultrasonic waves in a molten pool can be used for thinning grains of a welding line and further improving the mechanical performance of the welding line; the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic waves can generate a certain stirring action in the molten pool, and moreover, the ultrasonic waves per se have cavitation action, and thus, the full overflow of gases in the liquid metals and the reduction or avoidance of the generation of air holes are benefited. Compared with contact-type ultrasonic-assisted welding, the method has a wide use range because an ultrasonic tool head is not in contact with a workpiece, is convenient to realize omnidirectional automatic flexible welding and improves the efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials processing engineering field, be specifically related to the method for the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave.
Background technology
Non-ferrous metal such as titanium alloy, aluminium alloy is that widely used structural metallic materials is widely applied in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machine-building, boats and ships and chemical industry in the industry at present.Along with the develop rapidly of science and technology and industrial economy in recent years, increasing to the demand of the welding structural element of this material, also make to its Research on Weldability also thereupon deeply.
Laser welding technology grew up in the seventies in last century, and obtained widely to pay close attention in Europe, the U.S., Japan the eighties.It is to utilize the power density of the superelevation that laser has as welding heat source, mother metal melted realize to connect, have advantages such as its heat input is little, depth-to-width ratio is big, workpiece deformation is little, easily be automated, be widely used in the middle of the industries such as automobile, aircraft, national defence at present.
The laser weld titanium alloy during metals such as aluminium alloy, is easy to generate defectives such as pore, fire check, joint be softening, has influenced the application of this advanced technologies of laser weld at metals such as titanium alloy, aluminium alloys.Therefore the laser welding technology to these metals is just becoming one of focus of research.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve existing laser weld titanium alloy, and what occur in the metals such as aluminium alloy is easy to generate technical problems such as pore, fire check, joint be softening; And the method for the contactless auxiliary laser of ultrasonic wave welding is provided.
The method of the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave is undertaken by following step among the present invention:
One, metal works surface to be welded is handled till the metal true qualities of exposing light on the surface to be welded (removing oxide-film, grease), metal works to be welded is titanium alloy or aluminium alloy;
Two, will carry out joint through the metal works to be welded that step 1 is handled and connect, and rigidly fix;
Three, adopt argon gas to make protection gas, CO then
2Laser instrument carries out laser weld as lasing light emitter, and in the welding process ultrasonic wave is applied to the place, molten bath that laser weld produces, described ultrasonic wave is produced by the power ultrasonic wave generating device of unsettled placement, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer least significant end of ultrasonic generator does not contact metal works to be welded, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator tilts and is positioned at the laser beam side, and laser beam angle a is between 30 °～60 °, and hyperacoustic operating frequency is 20～40KHz; Promptly finish the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave; The technological parameter of the described laser weld of step 3: laser power P=1～3kW wherein, scan velocity V=1m/min, defocusing amount f=0mm.
The inventive method is used the crystal grain that cavitation that ultrasonic wave produces and fragmentation can the refinement weld seam in the molten bath, further improve the mechanical property of weld seam; And hyperacoustic dither is can be in the molten bath inner to produce certain stirring action, and in addition because the cavitation of ultrasonic wave self, these all help fully overflowing of gas in the liquid metal, reduces or has avoided air holes; Ultrasonic auxiliary than contact, this method makes its scope of application more extensive because ultrasonic tool head need not come in contact with workpiece, is convenient to realize comprehensive automatic flexible welding, raises the efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the contactless auxiliary laser welding of the ultrasonic wave schematic diagram that the deep penetration welding mode connects in the specific embodiment eight; Fig. 2 is the joint shape appearance figure of LF6 aluminium postwelding in the specific embodiment eight; Fig. 3 is that the specific embodiment nine center taps are the contactless auxiliary laser welding of the ultrasonic wave schematic diagram that overlapping mode connects; Fig. 4 is the joint microstructure shape appearance figure of Ti6Al4V postwelding in the specific embodiment nine; 1 represents laser among Fig. 1 and Fig. 3,2 expression ultrasonic amplitude transformers, 3 expression weld seams, 4 expression workpiece, the workpiece lower plate when 5 expressions overlap among Fig. 3.
The specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following cited specific embodiment, also comprises any combination between each specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment one: the method for the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave is undertaken by following step in the present embodiment:
One, metal works surface to be welded is handled till the metal true qualities of exposing light on the surface to be welded, metal works to be welded is titanium alloy or aluminium alloy;
Two, will carry out joint through the metal works to be welded that step 1 is handled and connect, and rigidly fix;
Three, adopt argon gas to make protection gas, CO then
2Laser instrument carries out laser weld as lasing light emitter, and in the welding process ultrasonic wave is applied to the place, molten bath that laser weld produces, described ultrasonic wave is produced by the power ultrasonic wave generating device of unsettled placement, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer least significant end of ultrasonic generator does not contact metal works to be welded, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator tilts and is positioned at the laser beam side, and laser beam angle a is between 30 °～60 °, and hyperacoustic operating frequency is 20～40KHz; Promptly finish the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave; The technological parameter of the described laser weld of step 3: laser power P=1～3kW wherein, scan velocity V=1m/min, focal length of lens f=0mm.
The specific embodiment two: what present embodiment and the specific embodiment one were different is: the described joint connected mode of step 2 is overlap joint or deep penetration welding.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one with parameter.
The specific embodiment three: what present embodiment was different with the specific embodiment one or two is: the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator described in the step 3 and laser beam angle a are at 35 °～55 °.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one or two with parameter.
The specific embodiment four: what present embodiment was different with the specific embodiment one or two is: the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator described in the step 3 and laser beam angle a are at 40 °～50 °.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one or two with parameter.
The specific embodiment five: what present embodiment was different with the specific embodiment one or two is: the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator described in the step 3 and laser beam angle a are at 45 °.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one or two with parameter.
The specific embodiment six: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to three is: hyperacoustic operating frequency described in the step 3 is 25～35kHz.Other step is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three with parameter.
The specific embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to three is: hyperacoustic operating frequency described in the step 3 is 30kHz.Other step is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three with parameter.
The specific embodiment eight: the material of used metal works to be welded is the LF6 rust-preventing aluminum alloy in the method for the contactless auxiliary laser of present embodiment ultrasonic wave welding, its thickness is 8mm, (wt%) is as follows for chemical composition: Mg≤6.8., Mn≤0.8, Fe≤0.4, Si≤0.4, all the other are Al and unavoidable impurities, are specifically undertaken by following step:
One, metal works surface to be welded is handled till the metal true qualities of exposing light on the surface to be welded, metal works to be welded is titanium alloy or aluminium alloy;
Two, will adopt the joint style of deep penetration welding to carry out joint through the metal works to be welded that step 1 is handled and connect, and rigidly fix (see figure 1);
Three, adopt argon gas to make protection gas, CO then
2Laser instrument carries out laser weld as lasing light emitter, and in the welding process ultrasonic wave is applied to the place, molten bath that laser weld produces, described ultrasonic wave is produced by the power ultrasonic wave generating device of unsettled placement, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer least significant end of ultrasonic generator does not contact metal works to be welded, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator tilts and is positioned at the laser beam side, and laser beam angle a is between 45 °, and hyperacoustic operating frequency is 20KHz; Promptly finish the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave; The technological parameter of the described laser weld of step 3: laser power P=1600W wherein, scan velocity V=1m/min, defocusing amount f=0mm.
Postwelding detects according to the performance of butt joint.Visual examination shows: postwelding surface flawless, pore, obviously defective such as stay, it is good to be shaped.Joint macro morphology (Fig. 2) the analysis showed that: the fusion penetration of joint is compared under the auxiliary situation of no ultrasonic wave, increases by 20%.Fabric analysis shows: the hardening constituent in the weld seam is separated out obviously and is suppressed.Micro-hardness testing shows: compare under the no ultrasonic auxiliary situation, the hardness of joint inside is evenly distributed.
The specific embodiment nine: the material of used metal works to be welded is Ti6Al4V in the method for the contactless auxiliary laser of present embodiment ultrasonic wave welding, and last plate thickness is 1mm, and following piece sectional dimension is 15 * 15mm.(wt%) is as follows for chemical composition: Al≤6.75, and V≤4.5, all the other are Ti and unavoidable impurities.Specifically undertaken by following step:
One, metal works surface to be welded is handled till the metal true qualities of exposing light on the surface to be welded, metal works to be welded is titanium alloy or aluminium alloy;
Two, will adopt the joint style of overlap joint to carry out joint through the metal works to be welded that step 1 is handled and connect, and rigidly fix (see figure 3);
Three, adopt argon gas to make protection gas, CO then
2Laser instrument carries out laser weld as lasing light emitter, and in the welding process ultrasonic wave is applied to the place, molten bath that laser weld produces, described ultrasonic wave is produced by the power ultrasonic wave generating device of unsettled placement, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer least significant end of ultrasonic generator does not contact metal works to be welded, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator tilts and is positioned at the laser beam side, and laser beam angle a is between 45 °, and hyperacoustic operating frequency is 20KHz; Promptly finish the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave; The technological parameter of the described laser weld of step 3: laser power P=1800W wherein, laser frequency is 35Hz, scan velocity V=1m/min, defocusing amount f=0mm.
Postwelding detects according to the performance of butt joint.Visual examination shows: postwelding surface flawless, pore, obviously defective (Fig. 4) such as stay, it is good to be shaped.X-ray check shows that the pore of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser welding titanium alloy obviously is less than the auxiliary situation of no ultrasonic wave.The joint shearing experiment shows: under the auxiliary situation of ultrasonic wave, the shear strength of joint is compared under the no ultrasonic situation and is improved 27.3%.
Claims (7)
1. the method for the contactless auxiliary laser of ultrasonic wave welding is characterized in that the method for the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave is undertaken by following step:
One, metal works surface to be welded is handled till the metal true qualities of exposing light on the surface to be welded, metal works to be welded is titanium alloy or aluminium alloy;
Two, will carry out joint through the metal works to be welded that step 1 is handled and connect, and rigidly fix;
Three, adopt argon gas to make protection gas, C0 then
2Laser instrument carries out laser weld as lasing light emitter, and in the welding process ultrasonic wave is applied to the place, molten bath that laser weld produces, described ultrasonic wave is produced by the power ultrasonic wave generating device of unsettled placement, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer least significant end of ultrasonic generator does not contact metal works to be welded, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator tilts and is positioned at the laser beam side, and laser beam angle a is between 30 °～60 °, and hyperacoustic operating frequency is 20～40KHz; Promptly finish the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave; The technological parameter of the described laser weld of step 3: laser power P=1～3kW wherein, scan velocity V=1m/min, defocusing amount f=0mm.
2. the method for the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described joint connected mode of step 2 is overlap joint or deep penetration welding.
3. the method for the contactless auxiliary laser of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 and 2 welding is characterized in that the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator described in the step 3 and laser beam angle a are at 35 °～55 °.
4. the method for the contactless auxiliary laser of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 and 2 welding is characterized in that the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator described in the step 3 and laser beam angle a are at 40 °～50 °.
5. the method for the contactless auxiliary laser of ultrasonic wave according to claim 1 and 2 welding is characterized in that the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic generator described in the step 3 and laser beam angle a are at 45 °.
6. the method for the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave according to claim 3 is characterized in that hyperacoustic operating frequency described in the step 3 is 25～35kHz.
7. the method for the contactless auxiliary laser welding of ultrasonic wave according to claim 3 is characterized in that hyperacoustic operating frequency described in the step 3 is 30kHz.
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Cited By (17)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103114286A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-05-22 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Method for repairing titanium alloy by ultrasound-assisted laser |
| CN104785926A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-22 | 西南交通大学 | Ultrasonic field coupled laser-MIG common welding pool aluminum alloy welding technology |
| CN105108337A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-02 | 广东工业大学 | Method for restoring crack of blade of hydraulic turbine |
| CN105364326A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Magnesium alloy laser-ultrasonic double-side welding method |
| CN105414763A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-03-23 | 长春理工大学 | Ultrasonic coaxial auxiliary laser welding method for plate heat exchanger |
| CN106350817A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-01-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Method and device for preparing crack-free cladding layer through ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding |
| CN105583523B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-06-30 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic wave added Laser Deep Penetration Welding jointed sheet material |
| CN107570872A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-12 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary dissimilar materials laser welding |
| CN108714694A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasonic vibration-increasing material manufacturing refines microstructure device |
| CN109079326A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-25 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of device of the rolling-type ultrasonic wave added Laser Welding for magnesium alloy |
| CN109108506A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-01 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic auxiliary device and welding system |
| CN109759700A (en) * | 2019-01-13 | 2019-05-17 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method for laser welding with weldering ultrasonic vibration |
| CN110293321A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-01 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Laser c MT composite welding system, welding method and aluminum alloy bodywork welded unit |
| CN110681937A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏理工学院 | Ultrasonic vibration-based molten pool auxiliary fusion brazing method |
| CN111673272A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Swing laser-ultrasonic composite welding method |
| CN114472921A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-13 | 东北大学 | Method for preheating non-contact ultrasonic-assisted direct laser deposition metal material |
| US11491569B1 (en) | 2022-06-07 | 2022-11-08 | The Florida International University Board Of Trustees | Multidirectional synchronized ultrasonic devices and methods for assisting wire arc additive manufacturing |
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| CN104785926A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-22 | 西南交通大学 | Ultrasonic field coupled laser-MIG common welding pool aluminum alloy welding technology |
| CN104785926B (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2017-03-01 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of ultrasonic field coupled laser MIG congruent melting pond aluminum alloy solder technology |
| CN105108337A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-02 | 广东工业大学 | Method for restoring crack of blade of hydraulic turbine |
| CN105364326A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Magnesium alloy laser-ultrasonic double-side welding method |
| CN105414763A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-03-23 | 长春理工大学 | Ultrasonic coaxial auxiliary laser welding method for plate heat exchanger |
| CN105583523B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-06-30 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic wave added Laser Deep Penetration Welding jointed sheet material |
| CN106350817A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-01-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Method and device for preparing crack-free cladding layer through ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding |
| CN106350817B (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2019-05-28 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of method and apparatus that the cladding of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary laser prepares flawless cladding layer |
| CN107570872B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-03-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary dissimilar materials laser welding |
| CN107570872A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-12 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary dissimilar materials laser welding |
| CN108714694A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasonic vibration-increasing material manufacturing refines microstructure device |
| CN109079326A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-25 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of device of the rolling-type ultrasonic wave added Laser Welding for magnesium alloy |
| CN109108506A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-01 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic auxiliary device and welding system |
| CN109108506B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-02-05 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic auxiliary device and welding system |
| CN109759700A (en) * | 2019-01-13 | 2019-05-17 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method for laser welding with weldering ultrasonic vibration |
| CN109759700B (en) * | 2019-01-13 | 2020-07-14 | 大连理工大学 | Laser welding method of welding-following ultrasonic vibration |
| CN110293321A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-01 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Laser c MT composite welding system, welding method and aluminum alloy bodywork welded unit |
| CN110681937A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏理工学院 | Ultrasonic vibration-based molten pool auxiliary fusion brazing method |
| CN111673272A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Swing laser-ultrasonic composite welding method |
| CN111673272B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Swing laser-ultrasonic composite welding method |
| CN114472921A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-13 | 东北大学 | Method for preheating non-contact ultrasonic-assisted direct laser deposition metal material |
| US11491569B1 (en) | 2022-06-07 | 2022-11-08 | The Florida International University Board Of Trustees | Multidirectional synchronized ultrasonic devices and methods for assisting wire arc additive manufacturing |
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Application publication date: 20110518 |