CN102031643A - 制造层状物的方法 - Google Patents

制造层状物的方法 Download PDF

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CN102031643A
CN102031643A CN2010105126915A CN201010512691A CN102031643A CN 102031643 A CN102031643 A CN 102031643A CN 2010105126915 A CN2010105126915 A CN 2010105126915A CN 201010512691 A CN201010512691 A CN 201010512691A CN 102031643 A CN102031643 A CN 102031643A
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wetting agent
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CN102031643B (zh
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塞巴斯蒂安·佐默
延斯·居登
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Machine Factory Of Leffinhauser Co ltd
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    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
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    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造层状物的方法，其中：将一由亲水性纤维制成的层施加到一层用至少一种湿润剂处理过的、由长丝制成的纺粘网上；将用至少一种湿润剂处理过的、由长丝制成的另一层纺粘网施加到所述由亲水性纤维制成的层上；对包括两层纺粘网和所述由亲水性纤维制成的层的复合结构进行水力固结。

Description

制造层状物的方法
本分案申请是基于申请号为200410003287.X，申请日为2004年2月3日，发明名称为“由长丝制造无纺织物的方法”的中国专利申请提出的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造层状物的方法。
背景技术
在下文中，由热塑性合成树脂制成的无纺织物、绒头织物以及垫都已经是公知的了，这些产品在下文中称为纤网尤其是纺粘网。长丝，通常是无限长丝，可被聚集在一表面上并且被以杂乱或随意的长丝聚集方式堆积从而形成非织造纤网，所述长丝理论上是连续的并因此区别于所谓的短纤维，短纤维具有相对较短的纤维。纤维网自身能够以连续不断的方式制造，纺粘方式的产品已经是公知的了，这种纺粘产品是由连续长丝、没有有意识中断的长丝、或者理论上连续而能尽可能长而不中断的长丝制成，这些长丝是从喷丝头喷出。
收集在一表面上的许多长丝在相互的交叉点处有粘合在一起的倾向。收集长丝的表面可以是一移动的表面，最好是一环形带的表面，所述环形带在从喷丝头垂下来的长丝幕的下方循环。长丝能够在喷丝头和所述收集表面之间被气动地拉伸。
由长丝或无限丝束通过水力固结过的纺粘型网的形成可以与所谓的熔喷工艺中由较短纤维形成非织造网的过程不同。在熔喷工艺中，从喷丝头中出来的丝束被弄断形成短纤维，这些短纤维被收集在一表面上。熔喷产品具有非常少量的丝束环和较少枝节(runners)。
迄今制造的纺粘网与熔喷纤网相比具有更少的绒头特性，以及可以具有更低的强度，这主要是因为更小的固结程度造成的。此外，纺粘网显示出比理想程度更大的磨损倾向。为了克服这些缺点所作的努力已经导致发展出在纺粘工艺中对纤网进行强烈的水力固结，然而这导致了很高的成本，尤其是在制造过程中所用能量的成本，并且生产速度会受到限制。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主要目的是提供一种制造层状物的方法，这种方法克服了所述已有系统的缺点。
更具体地说，本发明的一个目的是提供一种制造水力固结层状物的方法，该方法比已有的方法具有更低的成本和更高的生产速度，通过这种方法能获得丝束更有效的粘接，以及获得强化的相互圈套和在其中形成枝节，从而获得的纤维网的绒头特性得到改进而处于令人满意的水平。
本发明的一个目的还在于消除已有系统的缺点，并提高纺粘型绒头织物或纤网的生产速度及产量。
根据本发明，通过将至少一种湿润剂施加到长丝上，然后水力固结由长丝制造的纺粘网，就可实现上述以及其它目的。
所述方法包括：将一由亲水性纤维制成的层施加到一层用至少一种湿润剂处理过的、由长丝制成的纺粘网上；将用至少一种湿润剂处理过的、由长丝制成的另一层纺粘网施加到所述由亲水性纤维制成的层上；对包括两层纺粘网和所述由亲水性纤维制成的层的复合结构进行水力固结。
尽管根据本发明可以在长丝被收集形成纺粘网之前用湿润剂处理所述长丝，但是用湿润剂处理已经成为纺粘网的组成部分的长丝也在本发明的范围之内。当然，用湿润剂处理的含义是将长丝或纺粘网与湿润剂接触，优选地是在纤网形成之前或纤网形成之后用湿润剂涂覆所述长丝。
在本发明的最优选实施例中，由至少一种表面活性剂(tenside orsurface active agent(surfactant))来形成湿润剂。这种表面活性剂具有一亲脂的部分和一亲水的部分，或者可以是一具有亲水端部的亲脂剂(lipophile)。表面活性剂尤其可以是一种离子型表面活性剂，即阳离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂，或者是二者的混合物，或非离子型表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂的混合物。两性表面活性剂也可使用。
在用湿润剂、最好是表面活性剂处理之后，纺粘网或绒头织物可利用水射流而进行水力固结。水射流可以是能有效地对纤网进行水刺的细水射流和/或高速射流，所述的水刺就是，使长丝的环与环之间从纤网的一侧向相对一侧利用水射流而局部纠缠在一起。
热塑性合成树脂的长丝可在喷丝头下方在长丝幕中冷却，以便长丝保持离散和分开。然后长丝被拉伸，优选是被气动地拉伸并被收集在穿孔筛网带上，所述带连续地移动通过收集区域，也就是，是一条环形带。
优选地在带的下方施加抽吸作用以帮助长丝在穿孔表面上的沉积。抽吸装置可包括一个或多个吸风机。由此获得的纤维利用湿润剂最好是表面活性剂来处理，然后通过水力固结。
在长丝收集形成纺粘网之后，纺粘网可在一压延辊中预压实，如果之前没有用湿润剂处理，可接着利用湿润剂处理。经过干燥，或者如果需要经过一定熟成或熟化期(ripening or aging period)，之后纤网可经受水刺处理。
本发明的方法也可用于制造多层产品或层状物，其中，例如，用至少一种湿润剂处理过的纺粘网可连接到另外一个层上，由此形成的两层结合物可接收水力固结。还可以再施加另外一个用湿润剂处理过的纺粘网，由此获得的三层复合结构经受水力固结。
与纺粘网层压到一起的两外一纤维层应当是由吸湿性或吸水性纤维构成的层，特别是纤维素纤维层。在这种情形中，亲水性纤维被夹在用湿润剂或表面活性剂处理的两层之间。
对经过或没有经过干燥以及随后的水刺处理的长丝用湿润剂进行涂覆处理已经被发现能够制造具有意外优点的纺粘网或层状产品。尤其是长丝之间的联锁极大地提高，使得长丝具有以优化方式相互交织的枝节，与通过已有技术在相同成本下制得的纤网相比具有更高的强度。尤其是通过本发明获得的纤网的拉伸强度得到改进。纤网的磨损灵敏性同样被减少，并且用水力固结的所需的能量成本显著地低于已有的方法。同时，生产速度提高。
总的来说，利用本发明的方法，将湿润剂与用水射流对纤网进行的针刺结合起来，与没有采用水力固结而用湿润剂处理过而制造的纺粘网相比所获得的纺粘网或绒头织物具有明显提高的机械强度。这些优点相对于现有技术而言是不可预料的。
附图说明
通过参照附图在下文中的描述，上述的及其它目的、特征及优点将变的更容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明的方法的示意说明；以及
图2是一更详细的示意图，其示出了本发明的特征。
具体实施方式
图1示意示出的装置代表了根据本发明的用于制造纺粘型网的系统的一部分，其包括穿孔带2，在该穿孔带上沉积长丝1而形成纺粘网。带2如箭头A所示连续地移动通过长丝沉积位置并且携带着纺粘网进入施加润湿剂的第一处理工位，然后进入一水射流针刺工位5，在该工位中，高压水射流对准纤网喷射从而将纤网通过水力固结。
如图所示2，长丝1由熔融的热塑性合成树脂通过喷丝头7制得，所述熔融的热塑性合成树脂由标号6标识的热塑化装置供给。长丝1可在冷却区域9中供给的冷却空气8来冷却，然后在区域10中穿过一类似文氏管的通道11而被气动地拉伸。在穿孔带2的下面，一吸风机12能够提供抽吸力从而将长丝拉在所述带上。所述带是一连续移动的环形带。
在图1示出的系统中，纺粘网3开始可在一对压延辊13之间穿过，然后通过一喷头14来进行润湿剂处理。可选择地，纺粘网3可进行干燥，例如在一干燥帽下由鼓风机16供给的热空气。在水力固结区域17中，高压水从针刺喷嘴(needle jets)18向着纺粘网喷射。
如果需要，纤维素纤维构成的一层19可由分配器20分配到纺粘网3的表面上，并且纤维素纤维和支撑纤维素纤维的纺粘网可通过高压喷水口21来针刺结合。
如果在标号17处对纺粘网的针刺被省去，则在标号21处对纤维素纤维和纺粘网的复合物的针刺可以是首次针刺。然后用湿润剂处理的另外一个纺粘网层22可以在23处施加，所获得的复合物或者层状结构24可以由来自喷嘴25的高压水射流进行水力固结。所获得的产品可被干燥。纺粘网3具有增强的强度和降低的磨损趋势，并且此外，所形成的复合物具有高吸水性，这是由于纤维素纤维所带来的。

Claims (7)

1.一种制造层状物的方法，其中：
将一由亲水性纤维制成的层施加到一层用至少一种湿润剂处理过的、由长丝制成的纺粘网上；
将用至少一种湿润剂处理过的、由长丝制成的另一层纺粘网施加到所述由亲水性纤维制成的层上；
对包括两层纺粘网和所述由亲水性纤维制成的层的复合结构进行水力固结。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法，其中，所述长丝利用喷丝头制得，然后被冷却。
3.如权利要求2中所述的方法，其中，所述长丝被收集在一连续移动的穿孔的带上。
4.如权利要求3中所述的方法，进一步包括：利用至少一个抽吸装置，在一个在所述带上收集所述长丝的区域中从所述带的下方穿过所述带抽吸空气。
5.如权利要求4中所述的方法，其中，在所述带上将所述长丝收集形成纺粘网之后，利用所述湿润剂对所述长丝进行处理。
6.如权利要求5中所述的方法，其中，所述湿润剂是一种表面活性剂。
7.如权利要求6中所述的方法，其中，所述纺粘网通过往其上喷射水射流而被水力固结。
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CN1550602A (zh) 2004-12-01
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ES2245421T3 (es) 2006-01-01
AR042698A1 (es) 2005-06-29
MXPA04001239A (es) 2005-06-17
DE50307560D1 (de) 2007-08-09
US7854816B2 (en) 2010-12-21
JP4021417B2 (ja) 2007-12-12
KR20040072477A (ko) 2004-08-18
MY139619A (en) 2009-10-30
EP1447466B1 (de) 2005-09-14
EP1447466A1 (de) 2004-08-18
CN102031643B (zh) 2013-03-20
CA2454124C (en) 2006-07-25
SA04250030B1 (ar) 2008-05-04
BRPI0400481B8 (pt) 2016-04-19
ATE365825T1 (de) 2007-07-15
BRPI0400481A (pt) 2004-09-14
KR100640034B1 (ko) 2006-10-31
IL160201A (en) 2008-11-03
DK1447466T3 (da) 2005-10-17
CA2454124A1 (en) 2004-08-10
JP2004244793A (ja) 2004-09-02
DE50301183D1 (de) 2005-10-20
US20040154731A1 (en) 2004-08-12
IL160201A0 (en) 2004-07-25
ATE304623T1 (de) 2005-09-15
US20080264550A1 (en) 2008-10-30
TR200502558T3 (tr) 2005-09-21
ES2285001T3 (es) 2007-11-16

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