CN101971290A - 离子阱的端盖电压控制 - Google Patents

离子阱的端盖电压控制 Download PDF

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CN101971290A
CN101971290A CN2008801265159A CN200880126515A CN101971290A CN 101971290 A CN101971290 A CN 101971290A CN 2008801265159 A CN2008801265159 A CN 2008801265159A CN 200880126515 A CN200880126515 A CN 200880126515A CN 101971290 A CN101971290 A CN 101971290A
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electrode
ion trap
end cap
circuit
open end
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戴维·拉弗蒂
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1st Detect Corp
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Astrotech Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
    • H01J49/42—Stability-of-path spectrometers, e.g. monopole, quadrupole, multipole, farvitrons
    • H01J49/4205—Device types
    • H01J49/424—Three-dimensional ion traps, i.e. comprising end-cap and ring electrodes

Abstract

一种用于质谱仪的离子阱具有导电的中央电极，该中央电极具有从第一开放端延伸到第二开放端的孔径。导电的第一电极端盖布置为与第一开放端相邻，从而在第一端盖和中央电极之间形成第一固有电容。导电的第二电极端盖布置为与第二开放端相邻，从而在第二端盖和中央电极之间形成第二固有电容。第一电路将第二端盖耦接到参考电势。产生AC俘获信号的信号源被耦接到中央电极。响应于通过第一固有电容和第一电路对俘获信号的分压，将激励信号加压于第二端盖上。

Description

离子阱的端盖电压控制
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年12月10日提交的美国临时申请编号61/012,660的优先权，其通过引入在此并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及离子阱、离子阱质谱仪，且更具体地，涉及针对在质谱化学分析中使用的离子阱的控制信号生成。
背景技术
使用离子阱是执行质谱化学分析的一种方法。离子阱使用由一个或多个驱动信号产生的动态电场从测量样本中动态地俘获离子。通过改变俘获离子的电场的特性(例如，幅度、频率等)，对应于它们的质量-电荷比率(质量(m)/电荷(z))将离子选择性地弹出。关于离子阱质谱测定法的更多背景信息可以在Raymond E.March等人所著的“Practical Aspects of Ion Trap MassSpectrometry”中找到，这里通过引用将其并入。
Ramsey等人在美国专利编号6,469,298和6,933,498(以下称为“Ramsey专利”)中公开了一种用于离子的质谱化学分析的亚毫米离子阱和离子阱阵列。在美国专利编号6,469,298中描述的离子阱包括：具有孔径的中央电极；一对绝缘体，均具有孔径；一对端盖(end cap)电极，均具有孔径；耦接到中央电极的第一电子信号源；以及耦接到端盖电极的第二电子信号源。中央电极、绝缘体、和端盖电极按照三明治构造结合成一体，其中它们各自的孔径被共轴对准并且关于轴对称以形成部分封闭的空腔，该空腔具有有效半径R0和有效长度2Z0，其中R0和/或Z0小于1.0毫米(mm)，而比率Z0/R0大于0.83。
George Safford在美国专利编号4,540,884中提出“Method of MassAnalyzing a Sample by use of a Quadrupole Ion Trap”，其描述了完整的基于离子阱的质谱仪系统。
在由施加到中央电极的电信号相对于端盖电压(或信号)创建的动态四极场中离子阱在内部俘获离子。简单地，将恒定频率的信号施加到中央电极并将两个端盖电极维持在静态零伏特。中央电极信号的幅度线性地斜线上升以便选择形地扰动离子阱中持有的离子的不同群体(mass)。此幅度弹出配置不会导致最佳的性能或解析度(resolution)，而且会实际上导致输出谱中的双波峰。可以通过施加第二信号到离子阱的一个端盖来改进该幅度弹出方法。该第二信号引起轴向激励，其导致当离子在阱中振荡的长期(secular)频率与端盖激励频率匹配时，离子从离子阱共振弹出。共振弹出导致离子在与小于1的稳定性图beta值对应的长期共振点处从离子阱中弹出。传统上通过施加作为中央电极频率的1/n的因子的端盖(轴向)频率来获得小于1的beta值，其中n一般是大于或等于2的整数。
Moxom等人在Rapid Communication Mass Spectrometry 2002，16：第755-760页的“Double Resonance Ejection in a Micro Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer”中描述了通过在端盖上使用不同电压的Ramsey专利设备中的改进的质谱解析度。测试展示出在端盖之间施加不同电压促进在比较早的Ramsey专利更低的电压处的共振弹出，并且消除了在较早的Ramsey专利中固有的“波峰成双”效应。该设备需要最少两个单独的电压供应：一个必须控制施加到中央电极的射频(RF)电压信号，以及至少一个必须控制端盖电极(相对于系统的其余部分，第一端盖电极接地，或者处于零伏特)。
虽然通过对离子阱的端盖之一施加附加的信号的应用可以增强离子阱的性能，但是这样做增加了系统的复杂度。第二信号需要电子装置用于产生和驱动信号到离子阱的端盖中。该信号优化地需要与中央电极信号同步。这些额外的电子装置增加了质谱仪系统的尺寸、重量、和功耗。这在便携质谱仪应用中是十分重要的。
发明内容
一种离子阱，包括导电的环形中央电极，该中央电极具有从第一开放端延伸到第二开放端的第一孔径。信号源在第一和第二端子之间产生具有至少一个交流(AC)分量的俘获信号。第一端子耦接到中央电极，而第二端子耦接到参考电压电势。导电的第一电极端盖布置为与中央电极的第一开放端相邻并且耦接到参考电压电势。在第一电极端盖的表面与中央电极的第一开放端的表面之间形成第一固有电容。
导电的第二电极端盖布置为与中央电极的第二开放端相邻并且利用第一电路耦接到参考电压电势。在第二电极端盖的表面与中央电极的第二开放端的表面之间形成第二固有电容。响应于通过第二固有电容和第一电路的阻抗对俘获信号的分压，将作为俘获信号的一部分的激励电压加压于第二端盖上。
在一个实施例中，该电路是电容器和电容器的并联电路。设置该电阻器的大小以防止第二端盖充电从而防止可能的电荷累积或不受控的电压漂移。而且设置电阻器的大小以具有比在俘获信号的操作频率处电容器的阻抗大很多的阻抗。以此方式，激励电压分压随着改变的激励电压频率基本上保持不变，而且激励电压基本上与在中央电极上加压的信号同相。
这里的实施例关注于俘获信号的产生以及将该俘获信号的一部分加压于用于质谱化学分析的离子阱的第二端盖上以便增强性能而无需显著增加的复杂度、成本、或功耗。
实施例用于改进光谱解析度并且消除可能存在的输出光谱的双波峰。
其他实施例使用开关电路，其可以用来在不同的时候将端盖电极连接到不同的无源组件的电路和/或电压。在一些实施例中，电路可以使用无源组件，其包括电感器、变压器、或用于改变第二端盖信号的特征(诸如相位)的其他无源电路元件。
实施例关注于通过施加另外的激励电压到离子阱的端盖来改进离子阱的性能。不同于典型的共振弹出技术，该激励电压具有等于中央电极激励频率的频率。该激励电压的产生能够仅使用无源组件来完成而无需另外的信号产生器或信号驱动器。
在附图和以下说明中阐述一个或多个实施例的详情。本发明的其他特征、目的和优点将从说明和附图、以及从权利要求中明了。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的示出两个信号源的离子阱信号驱动方法的电路框图；
图2是使用单个信号源的一个实施例的电路框图；
图3A是说明在激励源的一个极性期间四极离子阱的截面图；
图3B是说明在激励源的另一个极性期间四极离子阱的截面图；
图4是使用单个信号源和开关电路以耦接无源组件的另一个实施例的电路框图。
在各个图中的相似参考符号可以指示相似部件。
具体实施方式
这里的实施例提供用于离子阱的端盖的电激励以改进离子阱操作。实施例提供简单的电路，其从存在于离子阱的中央电极上的信号导出电激励信号。
在一个实施例中，无源电组件被用来施加信号到离子阱的第二端盖以便增强性能。添加的组件用来施加中央电极激励信号的一部分到第二端盖。这导致离子阱内的轴向激励，其以可忽略的功率损失、最小的复杂度改进了性能，同时具有对系统尺寸的最小影响。在一些实施例中，添加的组件可以导致因添加的组件的电路配置造成在中央电极处看到的阻抗的增加，这导致整个系统功耗的实际减少。
在实施例中，施加到第二端盖的信号的频率和中央电极的频率相同。实现性能增加无需执行传统的共振弹出，因为施加的信号的频率等于中央电极的频率。注意，该方法可以与传统的共振弹出方法前后协力执行以便优化离子阱性能。这可以通过经过(多个)无源元件利用传统的共振弹出信号源来另外驱动一个或两个端盖以使得传统的共振弹出信号和先前所述的信号二者被同时加压于离子阱上来完成。一个实施例包括施加传统的共振弹出信号到任意一个端盖，并将先前所述的具有和中央电极相同的频率的信号施加到剩余的端盖。
当操作频率改变时这里的一些实施例可以不需要重新调整或调节。无需重新调整的各种频率操作是可行的，因为在第二端盖上加压的信号是通过使用基本上独立于频率且仅依靠于实际电容值的电容性分压器从耦接到中央电极的信号导出的。只要将增加的电容器旁路的电阻显著地大于在操作的频率范围中电容器的阻抗，该情况就保持成立。
图3A和3B说明现有技术四极离子阱300的截面。离子阱300包括两个双曲线的金属电极(端盖)303a、303b和布置于端盖电极303a和303b之间的中途的双曲线环形电极302。利用电场305在这三个电极之间俘获被正性充电的离子304。环形电极302被电耦接到射频(RF)AC电压源301的一个端子。AC电压源301的第二端子被耦接到双曲线端盖电极303a和303b。随着AC电压源301改变极性，电场线305交替。离子阱300内的离子304被该动态四极场以及一部分的高阶(六极、八极等)电场限制。
图1是说明耦接到现有技术的具有两个信号源的用于离子阱的信号驱动方法的电极的截面的示意性框图100。第一离子阱电极(端盖)101连接到地或零伏特。离子阱中央电极102由第一信号源106驱动。第二离子阱端盖103由第二信号源107驱动。第一端盖101具有孔径110。中央电极102是具有孔径111的环形，而第二端盖103具有孔径114。
图2是说明根据一个实施例的电极的截面的示意性框图200，其中离子阱仅由一个外部信号源206来有源地驱动。第一端盖201具有孔径210，中央电极202具有孔径211，而第二端盖203具有孔径214。第一离子阱端盖201耦接到地或零伏特，然而，其他实施例可以不使用零伏特。例如，在另一实施例中，第一端盖201可以连接到可变DC电压或其他信号。离子阱中央电极102由信号源206驱动。第二离子阱端盖203通过电容器204和电阻器205的并联组合连接到零伏特。
图2所示的实施例按照以下方式操作：固有电容208自然地存在于中央电极202与第二端盖203之间。与电容器204的电容串联的电容208形成电容性分压器，从而在第二端盖203处加压从信号源206导出的电势。当信号源206在中央电极202上加压改变的电压时，经过电容性分压器的动作将具有较小幅度的改变的电压加压在第二端盖203上。自然地，在中央电极202与第一端盖201之间存在对应的固有电容。根据一个实施例，在第二端盖203与零伏特之间添加分立(discrete)电阻器205。电阻器205提供电路径，用于防止第二端盖203产生会造成电压漂移或过量电荷累积的浮动DC电势。在一个实施例中，将电阻器205的值的大小设置为在1到10兆欧姆(MΩ)的范围中以确保电阻器205的阻抗比添加的电容器204在信号源206的操作频率处的阻抗大很多。如果电阻器205的电阻值没有比CA 204的阻抗大很多，则在中央电极202的信号与由电容性分压器加压在第二端盖203上的信号之间将有相位偏移。如果电阻器205的电阻值没有比CA 204的阻抗大很多，则在第二端盖203上加压的信号的幅度将作为频率的函数而变化。没有电阻器205，电容性分压器(CS和CA)基本上独立于频率。在一个实施例中，使得添加的电容器204的值是可变的，从而其可以被调整以具有对于给定的系统特性优化的值。
图4是说明根据一个实施例的电极的截面的示意性框图400，其中离子阱仅由一个外部信号源406来有源地驱动。同样，第一端盖401具有孔径410，中央电极402具有孔径411，而第二端盖403具有孔径414。响应于来自控制器422的控制信号，利用开关电路421将第一离子阱端盖401耦接到无源组件427。无源组件427中的各种组件可以耦接到参考电压428，参考电压428在一些实施例中可以是地或零伏特。在另一实施例中，参考电压428可以是DC或可变的电压。开关电路421和无源组件427的组合负责控制和修改第一端盖401上的电势以改进离子阱的操作。
响应于控制器422的控制信号，利用开关电路423将第二离子阱端盖403耦接到无源组件425。无源组件425中的各种组件可以耦接到参考电压426，参考电压426在一些实施例中可以是地或零伏特。在另一实施例中，参考电压426可以是DC或可变的电压。开关电路423和无源组件425的组合负责控制和修改第一节流阀端盖402上的电势以改进离子阱的操作。当分别通过开关电路423和421切换时，电容408和409与无源组件425和427组合以耦接一部分信号源406。
已经描述本发明的多个实施例。然而，将理解在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以实现各种修改。

Claims (8)

1.一种离子阱，包括：
导电的环形中央电极，具有从第一开放端延伸到第二开放端的第一孔径；
信号源，在第一和第二端子之间产生具有至少一个交流(AC)分量的俘获信号，其中第一端子耦接到中央电极，而第二端子耦接到参考电压电势；
导电的第一电极端盖，布置为与中央电极的第一开放端相邻并且耦接到参考电压电势，其中在第一电极端盖的表面与中央电极的第一开放端的表面之间形成第一固有电容；以及
导电的第二电极端盖，布置为与中央电极的第二开放端相邻并且利用第一电路耦接到参考电压电势，其中在第二电极端盖的表面与中央电极的第二开放端的表面之间形成第二固有电容，其中响应于通过第二固有电容和第一电路的阻抗对俘获信号的分压，将俘获信号的一部分加压于第二电极端盖上。
2.如权利要求1所述的离子阱，其中第一电路包括与电阻器并联的电容器。
3.如权利要求2所述的离子阱，其中该电阻器的阻抗大于在俘获信号的频率处该电容器的阻抗的四分之一。
4.如权利要求1所述的离子阱，其中参考电压电势是地或零伏特。
5.如权利要求1所述的离子阱，其中参考电压电势是可调整的DC电压。
6.如权利要求1所述的离子阱，其中电容器是可变电容器，能够调整以优化离子阱的操作特征。
7.一种离子阱，包括：
具有孔径的中央电极；
具有孔径的第一端盖电极；
具有孔径的第二端盖电极；
施加到中央电极的第一电信号源；
无源元件的电路；
所述第一端盖电极与所述无源元件的电路之间的电连接；以及
所述无源元件的电路与电压电势之间的电连接，其中经由所述无源元件的电路连接到所述电压电势的所述第一端盖电极负担由所述第一电信号源与所述无源元件的电路之间的电容耦合引起的电压。
8.如权利要求7所述的离子阱，还包括开关电路，其将所述第一端盖电极与所述无源元件的电路电连接和断开。
CN2008801265159A 2007-12-10 2008-12-10 离子阱的端盖电压控制 Pending CN101971290A (zh)

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CN105190827A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2015-12-23 北卡罗来纳-查佩尔山大学 用于质谱法的具有伸长捕集区域的微型带电粒子阱
CN105981483A (zh) * 2014-01-02 2016-09-28 Dh科技发展私人贸易有限公司 环堆叠离子加速器中产生的脉冲电场的均质化
CN105981483B (zh) * 2014-01-02 2019-06-28 Dh科技发展私人贸易有限公司 环堆叠离子加速器中产生的脉冲电场的均质化
CN110783165A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-11 上海裕达实业有限公司 线性离子阱离子引入侧的端盖电极结构

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