CN101953021A - 用于与遥测植入物通信的系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于与遥测植入物通信的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
- H01Q7/02—Collapsible antennas; Retractable antennas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0001—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
- A61F2250/0002—Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants for data transfer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/35—Communication
- A61M2205/3507—Communication with implanted devices, e.g. external control
- A61M2205/3523—Communication with implanted devices, e.g. external control using telemetric means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/35—Communication
- A61M2205/3576—Communication with non implanted data transmission devices, e.g. using external transmitter or receiver
- A61M2205/3592—Communication with non implanted data transmission devices, e.g. using external transmitter or receiver using telemetric means, e.g. radio or optical transmission
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37217—Means for communicating with stimulators characterised by the communication link, e.g. acoustic or tactile
- A61N1/37223—Circuits for electromagnetic coupling
- A61N1/37229—Shape or location of the implanted or external antenna
Abstract
本发明公开了遥测系统(10,300)。所述遥测系统(10,300)包括遥测植入物(400,500)、被用于从所述遥测植入物(400,500)读取信号的阅读器单元(20)以及被用于到所述阅读器单元(20,320)的连接并且被用于从所述遥测植入物(400,500)接收信号的天线(12,212,312)。所述天线(12,212,312)具有第一线圈(14,214,314)、第二线圈(16,216,316)以及连接器(18,318)。所述第一线圈(14,214,314)电连接于所述第二线圈(16,216,316),并且所述连接器(18,318)允许所述第一和第二线圈(14,214,314,16,216,316)相对于彼此移动。所述天线(12,212,312)可以被用于将射频功率发送至所述遥测植入物(400,500)并且从所述遥测植入物(400,500)接收数据。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求2007年9月6日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/970,460的优先权。在此通过引用将该在先申请并入。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及遥测系统并且更具体地涉及用于调整遥测系统的电磁场的装置。
背景技术
诸如寻呼机的装置以及手持仪器中的无线技术长期被保健业所利用。然而,对与无线动力及通信系统相关联的风险的怀疑妨碍了广泛采用,尤其在矫形应用中。现在,微电子技术及性能方面的显著进步已经使这些所觉察的风险中的许多逐渐变化为无线技术对于高度集成的医疗系统是已被证明的竞争者这一观点。如今的医疗装置面临要求越来越严格并且竞争越来越激烈的市场。由于业内的性能目标持续升高,提高效率、生产率以及可用性的新方法被寻求。无线技术允许植入式电子装置和外部阅读器装置之间的双向通信或者遥测以及为医疗产品提供切实的和被认可的好处,并且其为几乎没有制造商会忽视的关键技术。
遥测系统典型地包含用于发射电磁信号的单线圈发射机以及用于从该发射机接收电磁信号的接收机。这些线圈通常以并行配置来布置。遥测数据可能是任何物理测量结果,诸如植入物负载、植入物微动作、碱度、温度、压力等等,其可由远程遥测单元感测。
目前,射频(RF)遥测及电感耦合系统对于在植入物和相伴的阅读器之间发射功率和电子数据是最通用的方法。无线电遥测系统采用若干不同的调制方法之一以及若干不同的复用技术之一以将由多个传感器产生的信息发射至远离传感器的用户位置。调制用于传递信息的载波频率的方法包括幅度调制、频率调制、相位调制及脉冲调制。
常规遥测装置的短距离是遥测植入物用于医疗应用的潜在限制。在医疗监视领域,在更长的距离上连续可取得的遥测数据(telemetry)被寻求。然而,增加的读取距离在功率、尺寸和成本方面对阅读器系统有影响。如在图1中最佳可见的那样,有效的读取距离典型地与功率消耗呈对数关系。在图1所示的曲线中,大概11英寸的读取距离需要大约100瓦的功率。
美国专利No.5,630,835公开了上文所提到的一般类型的遥测接收机线圈布置。该′835专利公开了用于与心脏起搏器非入侵性通信的电子设备。在该电子设备中提供了具有以相反方向连接的两个线圈的天线布置。具有以相反相位串行连接的两个线圈的这种天线布置有助于抑制所谓的远场干扰信号对从植入物所接收的近场信号的影响。
美国专利No.5,741,315在遥测数据发射装置中示教了将不同直径的接收机线圈和补偿线圈部署在杯形支持物上使得多相(inhomogeneous)信号-即由植入物所发出的信号-仅在接收机线圈中被观察,而单相(homogeneous)信号-即干扰信号-也在补偿线圈中被测量。
美国专利No.6,405,088涉及用于尤其从心脏植入物接收数据信号的遥测线圈布置,其包含在接收方向上被部署为一个在另一个之后的线圈对。
在本领域中对改进的遥测系统仍然有需求并且尤其对用于调整遥测系统的电磁场的装置有需求。
发明内容
考虑到上述问题而研究得出本发明。根据本发明的一些方面,提供了一种遥测系统。该遥测系统包括遥测植入物、被用于从遥测植入物读取信号的阅读器单元;以及被用于到阅读器单元的连接并且被用于从遥测植入物接收信号的天线。该天线包括第一线圈、第二线圈以及连接器。第一线圈电连接到第二线圈,并且连接器允许第一和第二线圈相对于彼此移动。
在本发明的一个实施例中,第一线圈或者第二线圈被移动用于对由所述线圈产生的磁场进行整形。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,第一线圈或者第二线圈被移动用于使天线符合哺乳动物组织表面。
在本发明的还有另一个实施例中,天线被用于从倾斜的角度为遥测植入物提供动力以及读取遥测植入物。
在本发明的还有另一个实施例中,第一线圈和第二线圈被装载在柔性聚合物中。
在本发明的一个实施例中,第一线圈和第二线圈被装载在小袋中。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,该系统还包括从由计算装置、信号发生器、电源、可听反馈系统以及可视指示器组成的集合中所选择的部件。
在本发明的还有另一个实施例中,该系统还包括至少一个额外的天线线圈。
在本发明的还有另一个实施例中,天线还包含至少一个铁氧体部件。
在本发明的一个实施例中,阅读器单元包含微控制器、线圈驱动器和阅读器、频率计数器以及放大器,并且其中所述遥测植入物包含电源电路、振荡器电路以及负载调制器电路。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,天线将射频功率发送至遥测植入物并且从遥测植入物接收数据。
本发明具有若干特征和优势。举例来说,通过仔细考虑阅读器装置的设计,有可能对由发射机线圈产生的磁场进行整形以改进到植入物的功率传输并且减小在植入物的方向对于单线圈阅读器非最优的地方为植入物提供动力所需要的有效阅读器范围。本文所描述的无线柔性双线圈阅读器系统易于设置和使用,提供“即插即用”性能,并且可以从并行或者正交位置为植入物提供动力以及从植入物读取数据。
作为另一个例子,双线圈阅读器系统具有从倾斜的角度为遥测植入物提供动力以及读取遥测植入物的能力。例如遥测脊椎植入物(在腰椎区域最显著),其中由于植入物和阅读器之间的距离内部接收机线圈难以与以并行配置被布置的常规单发射机线圈耦合。耦合距离在双线圈阅读器被放置在病人的背部与植入物相邻时被显著减小,其中两组线圈被正交布置。
本发明可适用的另外的领域根据下文所提供的详细描述将变得显而易见。应当理解的是详细的描述及专门的例子在指示本发明的优选实施例的同时,意图仅是为了示意的目的而不是意图要限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
被并入本说明书并且构成本说明书一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例并且连同书面描述一起用于解释本发明的原理、特性以及特征。在附图中:
图1为示出读取距离对电源功率的典型情况的曲线图;
图2为示出遥测系统的第一实施例的示意图;
图3A和3B示出天线线圈;
图4为第一实施例中的天线的图片;
图5A和5B示出天线的第二实施例;
图6为示出遥测系统的部件的框图;
图7为示出功率连接的框图;
图8为遥测植入物的电路图;
图9示出载波和数据波;
图10示出单个线圈的电磁场模拟;
图11示出具有两个线圈的天线的电磁场模拟;
图12A-12F示出给定天线配置的电磁场模拟;
图13以俯视图示出天线的备选实施例;
图14以侧视图示出天线的备选实施例;
图15A-15D示出给定天线配置的电磁场模拟;
图16示出第二实施例中的遥测系统;
图17A和17B以图表示出信号发生器驱动电压;以及
图18是遥测植入物的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
对所示出的(一个或者多个)实施例的下列说明实质上仅是示范性的并且绝对不是意图要限制本发明、其应用或者使用。
图2示出遥测系统10。系统10包括天线12、阅读器单元20以及遥测植入物500。在所示出的实施例中,遥测植入物500是骨髓内钉,但是其他种类和类型的植入物可以等同地被使用。作为例子,植入物500可以是创伤矫形植入物(trauma orthopaedic implant),诸如骨髓内钉或者骨板,或者修复植入物(prosthetic implant),诸如臀部、膝部或者肩部植入物。在图2所示出的实施例中,天线12依靠组织510,该组织510将天线12和植入物500分开。一般而言,组织510具有大约0.5厘米到大约10厘米的厚度。
遥测植入物500可以包括一个或者多个植入线圈。备选地,植入线圈可以被称为感应器(inductor)。在所示出的实施例中,遥测植入物500具有一个植入线圈522。在图2中,植入线圈522由600匝具有大约0.1毫米直径的漆包铜线构成。当然,本领域普通技术人员应理解这些尺寸仅是示范性的并且可以使用其他尺寸。
天线12包括第一线圈14、第二线圈16以及连接器18。连接器18也可以被称为铰链(hinge)。第一线圈14以使得由第一线圈14和第二线圈16生成的磁场是反相的方式串行地电连接到第二线圈16。由第一线圈14和第二线圈16生成的作为结果得到的磁场使得磁场线在植入线圈522的区域中沿植入物500轴向地通过。连接器18在物理上将第一线圈14连接到第二线圈16。在所示出的实施例中,连接器18是柔性的以允许线圈14、16相对于彼此移动使得天线在提供动力和数据获取期间可以符合组织510的表面。另外,连接器18的柔性可以提供用于对作为结果得到的磁场的形状的调整或者改动。
线圈14、16可以具有相同尺寸和形状或者线圈14、16可以具有不同尺寸。图3A和3B示出线圈14、16的一个特定的实施例。在图3A和3B中,每个线圈14、16由缠绕有导线32的塑料卷轴30构成。在所示出的实施例中,通过使用半自动化的线圈缠绕机器,至少60匝具有大约0.4毫米直径的铜线被缠绕于塑料卷轴上,并且该塑料线轴具有100毫米的内部直径、140毫米的外部直径以及8毫米厚的厚度。然而,这些尺寸仅是示范性的并且本领域普通技术人员将理解其他尺寸可能被使用。
图4示出天线12的第一实施例。线圈14、16被装载在柔性聚合物中并且使用铰链18在中间将线圈14、16结合在一起。天线12配备有允许该装置被用户手持的把手40。
图5A和5B示出天线12的第二实施例。线圈14、16被装载在小袋50中,该小袋50附接于围绕病人腰部佩戴的皮带52上。在为植入物500提供动力以及从植入物500记录数据期间,小袋50和皮带52为病人提供了更多活动性。
图6示出遥测系统10的框图。系统构架包括手持双线圈天线12、阅读器单元20、计算装置60、信号发生器70以及电源80。可选地,系统10可以包括可听反馈系统,当植入物被接合并且可靠数据正在被获取的时候,该可听反馈系统通知用户。天线12也可以被称为阅读器头,其可以配备有一个或者多个信号“OK”发光二极管(LED)24以在优化阅读器相对于植入物500的位置时向用户提供反馈。在示范性情况下,当植入物频率在5.3kHz和6.3kHz之间并且信号被充分接收时,信号“OK”LED 24被点亮。
阅读器单元20包括微控制器26、线圈驱动器和阅读器28、LCD频率计数器34、放大器36以及端口42。在图6所示出的实施例中,端口42为到PC连接点的RS 232,但是其他类型的连接端口可以等同地被使用。在一些实施例中,信号发生器70和电源80被集成到由诸如台式单元的单个单元构成的钉阅读器单元20中。在一个特定的实施例中,阅读器单元20包括振荡器电路38,用于优化天线12的驱动频率以使耦合到遥测植入物500的功率最大。在所示出的实施例中,使用定相环路(phased loop)技术来优化驱动频率但是其他技术可以等同地被使用。当如图8所示出的那样,遥测植入物500是具有电连接于振荡器电路的应变仪(string gauge)的骨髓内钉时,这些技术可能尤其有用。
图7是用于系统10的功率连接的示意图。系统10包括信号发生器70、放大器36、微控制器26、计算装置60、阅读器单元20、天线12以及遥测植入物500。天线2将RF功率发送至遥测植入物500并且从遥测植入物500接收数据。
图8示出植入物500的板载电子器件520的示范性示意图。在所示出的实施例中,板载电子器件520包括电源电路528、振荡器电路526以及负载调制器电路532。除其他以外,电源电路528包括感应器或者植入线圈522以及电压调节器530。除其他以外,振荡器电路526包括应变仪524。在所示出的实施例中,应变仪是来自Kyowa电子仪器有限公司(Kyowa Electronic Instruments Co.,Ltd.)并且地址为日本,东京182-852,Chofugaoka,3-5-1的产品号为KSP-2-1K-E4的微应变测量仪。不过,也可以使用其它应变仪。将传感器集成到振荡器电路中具有简化仪器(instrumentation)电子器件的优势。举例来说,印刷电路板可以配备有分立部件,简化微处理器接口并且允许频率测量与电压测量相关联,电压测量依次与应变仪测量相关联。内部振荡器电路旨在优化天线12的驱动频率以使耦合于遥测植入物500的功率最大。在所示出的实施例中,使用定相环路技术优化驱动频率,但是其他技术可以等同地被使用。板载电子器件520可以采用单芯片的形式并且可以消除在系统10中对外部信号发生器的需求。
天线12将功率发送至板载电子器件520,并且天线12从板载电子器件520接收数据。感应器522从天线12接收载波信号550以通过电感(inductively)为电源电路528提供动力。在图9所示出的实施例中,载波信号550具有大约125kHz的频率。电感功率(inductive power)的使用消除了在遥测植入物中对电池的需求。在所示出的实施例中,仅当从天线12通过电感为板载电子期间520提供动力时板载电子器件520操作。在其他实施例中,电池(未示出)或者其他电源可以被用于在没有通过电感为板载电子器件520提供动力时候为板载电子器件520提供动力。板载电子器件520不将原始数据发射至天线12,而相反地通过负载调制器电路532来调制负载信号560。负载信号560与由应变仪524测得的电阻的量有关。在所示出的实施例中,负载信号560被调制在5kHz和6kHz之间的频率处,但是本领域普通技术人员将理解其他频带可以被使用。在遥测植入物500上的负载中的变化由天线12发射并且由阅读器20接收。
图10示出具有单发射机线圈110的系统100,该单个发射机线圈110并行地并且在相同轴线上被布置以得到与植入在骨150中的遥测植入物120的内部接收机线圈112的给定分开的最大功率耦合。在所示出的实施例中,遥测植入物120是骨髓内钉,并且骨150是股骨。发射机线圈110产生在接收机和发射机线圈之间的方向上高度定向的磁场。当线圈位于大于10厘米以外处时,耦合效率显著减小。另外,当发射机线圈110垂直于内部接收机线圈112被放置时,由这种特定的线圈布置所生成的场较弱。换句话说,当磁场线没有相对于接收机线圈的轴线很好地对齐时,耦合被减弱。
与系统100相反,如果多个发射机线圈反相连接并且串行地被布置使得它们彼此相邻并且通过将线圈相对于植入线圈或者感应器522正交地放置而允许该多个发射机线圈符合病人的表面,与单线圈布置相比磁场强度相对强。增加的场强允许遥测植入物从组织的横向方位(lateral aspect)被提供动力以及读取。由于在通过组织接收遥测植入物信号方面存在被长期意识到但尚未解决的需求,这是意义重大的。
图11示出天线2、遥测植入物500及骨150。如在上文中所提到的那样,天线12包括线圈14、16,并且遥测植入物500包括感应器522。线圈14、16的配置或者布置影响磁场的方向和强度两者以及天线12和感应器522之间的耦合效率。改动线圈14、16之间的角度可以集中由双线圈布置生成的磁场。
图12A-12F示出线圈角度对场强的影响。图12A、12C及12E示出作为结果而得到的场线和场强,而图12B、12D和12F仅示出场强。在图12中,“X”指示植入线圈或者感应器522的大体位置。通过改变第一线圈14和第二线圈16之间的角度,可以操纵磁场。图12A和12B示出当线圈14、16彼此大体上在同一平面上时作为结果而得到的磁场强度。当线圈角度从180度减小至大约160度时,磁场显现为更好地被限制在植入线圈或者感应器522的区域中,如在图12C和12D中最佳可见的那样。在图12E和12F中,当线圈角度从160度减小至120度时,场变得更集中。此外,场线和场强仅稍微被改变并且仍然符合植入物的优选耦合方向。值得注意的是这些模拟没有把磁场穿过活体组织的任何效应考虑在内。
在一个特定的实施例中,大约160度的线圈角度被选择为更好地遵循臀部附近的羊下肢(ovine hind limb)的物理轮廓,其在遥测骨髓内钉植入物的区域中产生“更平的(flatter)”磁场。这种线圈布置已被显示为改进耦合效率。本领域普通技术人员将理解可以基于其他因素来选择特定的线圈角度并且其不被限制于专门的线圈角度或者专门的应用。
在一些实施例中,天线还包括附接于把手侧的具有铁氧体的一个或者多个部件。作为例子,具有铁氧体的部件可以采用合金低损耗磁性材料或者合成结构的形式。铁氧体部件紧密地限制没有被遥测植入物所利用的磁场。对具有铁氧体的部件的选择可以包括:装配在天线线圈之间的单个铁氧体棒或者板;装配在天线线圈之间的一系列并行的铁氧体棒或者盘;或者装配在天线线圈之间的一系列并行的铁氧体棒或者板但是在线圈和铁氧体之间具有空气缝隙。单个棒或者板的类型和长度可以被选择用于优化线圈之间的磁场耦合。在铁氧体和线圈之间使用空气缝隙可以允许增加线圈角度的范围。在所示出的实施例中,铁氧体采用装配于塑料块的铁棒或者板的形式。具有铁氧体的部件也可以被称为铁氧体线圈架(former)。
图13和14示出具有第一线圈214和第二线圈216的天线212。天线212还包括至少一个铁氧体部件。在图13和14所示出的实施例中,天线212包括第一铁氧体型244和第二铁氧体型246。然而,本领域普通技术人员应理解可以使用更多数量或者更少数量的铁氧体部件。在图13和14所示出的实施例中,天线212还包括把手240、装配块248以及一个或者多个装配板250。在图13和14中,装配块248是塑料的,但是其他材料也可以被使用。装配板250仅提供一些额外的结构稳定性并且在一些实施例中可以被省略。在图13和14所示出的实施例中,装配板250由透明塑料制成,但是其他材料可以等同地被使用。
在所示出的实施例中,第一铁氧体型244和第二铁氧体型246的尺寸大概是75毫米×28毫米×6毫米,但是本领域普通技术人员应理解也可以使用其他尺寸和其他形状。虽然可以在线圈14、16之间的中心线上等距离地放置第一铁氧体型244和第二铁氧体型246,本领域普通技术人员应理解可以优化型(forma)244、246的位置和/或尺寸以避免磁性饱和(saturation)、使耦合距离最大、减小线圈功率要求、和/或改进功率耦合效率。在图13和14所示出的实施例中,第一铁氧体型244和第二铁氧体型246以及把手240被装配于装配块248上。
图15A-D示出采用与线圈14、16相邻的铁氧体部件以紧密地限制区域中不是意图用于遥测植入物的磁场的效果。在图15A-D所示出的实施例中,天线212具有160度的线圈角度并且有两个铁氧体部件。低损耗铁氧体材料的使用显现为限制在线圈14、16后面的磁场同时延伸线圈的植入物侧上的磁场,从而允许增加的耦合距离。在图15A-D所示出的实施例中,铁氧体部件的添加将耦合距离增加大约1厘米,从而提供从大约6厘米而来的大约7厘米的最大耦合距离而不改变提供给线圈14、16的功率。
图16示出遥测系统300。系统300包括天线312、阅读器单元320以及遥测植入物400。天线312包括第一线圈314、第二线圈316以及连接器318。遥测植入物400包括感应器或者接收机线圈414。在图16所示出的实施例中,天线312依靠组织510,其将天线312和植入物400分开。
阅读器单元320配备有可视和可听的指示器。在图16所示出的实施例中,可视指示器是发光二极管,但是其他装置可以等同地被使用。可视和可听的指示器允许用户定位用于为遥测植入物400提供动力和读取遥测植入物400的最优位置。天线312和遥测植入物400之间在组织510的横向方位上的穿过距离被定义为Tx。Ty被定义为位于天线312的中心和感应器414的中心的“甜区”之间的纵向距离。在所谓的“甜区”内,振荡器电路的频率是不变的,但是幅度是可变的。在“甜区”外部,频率改变并且不建议用户获取任何有意义的测量结果。可以通过使用板载微控制器电子化地控制这种指示器(this),除去人为误差的问题。
在一些实施例中,阅读器单元320可以配备有颜色编码信号以指示天线312是否处于最优位置。举例来说,阅读器单元320可以配备有三个颜色编码的灯光指示器(light indicator)。在所示出的实施例中,阅读器单元320包括红色LED、橙色LED和绿色LED。红色LED的发光表示天线312超出范围。橙色LED的发光表示天线312至少正在从感应器414接收一些信号。绿色LED的发光表示天线312处于将功率发送至感应器414并且从遥测植入物400接收信号的最优位置。在一些实施例中,高音调的可听见的声音也通知用户植入物400被提供动力以及可以从病人处读取数据。
如在图17A中最佳可见的那样,用恰当的信号发生器驱动电压(大约1至大约3V)在内部补偿Tx以匹配组织深度。在图17B中分别指6kHz和5.8kHz的“加载”和“去载”频率对于1和3伏特之间的驱动电压作为组织距离的函数响应。在所示出的实施例中,对于大约2.5伏特的驱动电压Tx在大约5厘米至大约6厘米处被优化。Ty“甜区”的直径为大约4厘米。
图18示出遥测系统600的还有另一个备选实施例。除其他以外,系统600包括遥测植入物610和天线612。在所示出的实施例中,遥测植入物610是被置于腰部区域中的脊椎植入物。天线612包括第一线圈614和第二线圈616。由于它的配置,天线612能够从倾斜的角度为遥测植入物610提供动力以及读取遥测植入物610。
增加磁场强度并且因此增加内部和外部阅读器线圈之间的耦合距离可以通过增加线圈的直径和阅读器的功率输出来实现。当植入物由诸如Ti64的导电材料制作时,也可以通过采取措施来减小在植入物中所感应的涡电流来增加功率耦合范围。这可以通过在缠绕到植入物上的接收机线圈下方插入凹槽或者狭缝并且用诸如环氧树脂等聚合物绝缘材料填充凹槽来实现。
增加系统的有效读取范围也可以通过以脉冲或者非连续方式驱动嵌入电路来实现。该实施例可能需要额外的电路系统来接通或者断开应变仪振荡器电路526和负载调制器电路532。提高或者添加应变仪电路系统中的电容可以准许足够的能量存储以取得足够的操作来读取信号。如果电路被充分激励而提供信号足够的时间以被阅读器读取至少一次,则植入物500上的嵌入振荡器电路526和负载调制器电路532可以优选于被连续驱动而被提供脉冲。该选择将(a)减小阅读器电路的功率需求;(b)减小阅读器线圈过热和短路的可能性;(c)增加读取范围。
另外,增加系统的有效读取范围也可以通过独立地驱动和读取嵌入电路来实现。提高或者添加应变仪电路系统中的电容可以准许足够的能量存储以取得足够的操作来读取信号。如果电路被充分激励而提供信号足够的时间以被阅读器读取至少一次,则阅读器驱动可以优先于被连续驱动而被提供脉冲。该选择将(a)减小阅读器电路的功率需求;(b)减小阅读器线圈过热和短路的可能性;(c)准许读取信号与阅读器信号的立即隔离以消除阅读器中的一些过滤网络;(d)准许将不同线圈用于发射和接收,提供对线圈的更好调节以读取特定的发射频率;以及(e)消除影响嵌入电路系统的阅读器信号的问题。
本发明还包括使用从外部柔性双线圈阅读器装置所生成的医疗装置的电磁远程通信和/或无线供电来监视病人健康的方法。阅读器系统的独特设计为尤其在假体植入物中的数据信号接收改进了遥测线圈布置的接收特性。该方法可以被用于通过解释从遥测植入物所接收的遥测数据而为病人执行对治疗的有效监视、管理和调整。柔性双线圈阅读器头生成磁场,其能够为处于倾斜位置的遥测植入物提供动力,即从并行到正交位置的范围。通过改动线圈对之间的角度来集中电磁场的能力在其中植入物被定向使得难以用常规阅读器系统提供动力的情况下是有利的。
为了保存功率,当阅读器被带到植入物附近时,RF遥测系统仅被周期性地激活;激活周期足够段以允许植入物适度迅速地响应由外部装置提出对通信会话的请求。板载可听和可看信号“OK”发光二极管(LED)指示器两者在阅读器和/或发射机线圈上的添加简化了定位以及为内部遥测植入物提供动力,指示接收机和发射机线圈之间的耦合的强度,并且在植入物被接合时通知用户关于获取与传感器有关的可靠测量结果的过程。
在本文中所描述的手持柔性双线圈阅读器系统配备有用于优化其相对于遥测植入物的位置的信号“OK”LED反馈系统。阅读器也能够通过将来自内部阅读器(发射机)线圈对的能量通过电感耦合到装载在植入物上的内部功率接收机线圈以无线方式同时为植入式遥测植入物提供动力以及读取植入式遥测植入物。电感电源对于带有测量仪器的植入物(instrumented implant)是有优势的,因为测量时间不受限制并且用在电池中的高毒性材料被避免。近磁场耦合可以被用于将功率传输至内部接收机线圈。用生成AC磁场的在119和135kHz之间的AC电流驱动内部发射机线圈。当接收机线圈被置于该场中时,AC电压在其上生成。遥测植入物仅在其处于阅读器的询问区域内时被激活。当植入物没有被读取时,其处于“睡眠”模式。
在本文中所描述的阅读器能够独立地或者同时地为遥测植入物提供动力以及读取遥测植入物。如果植入物接收机线圈独立地被提供动力,累积的电荷可以被存储在位于遥测植入物上的电容器中。在这种情况下,植入物像“闪光枪”那样操作,用遥测发射器传送(telemeter)数据至用户。
遥测植入物可以将模拟或者数字技术用于植入物物理特性的测量,诸如骨髓内钉或者骨板上的负载。另外,遥测系统的特定构建适用于除植入物负载以外的变量的测量。作为例子,本文所描述的装置可以很好地适合用于植入物微动作、碱度、温度、压力等等的测量。
由于可对如在上文中参考对应图示所说明的那样的示范性实施例进行各种改变而不背离本发明的范围,所以意图是前述说明中所包含的并且附图中所示的所有内容应当被解释为示意性的而不是限制性的。因此,本发明的外延及范围不应当受任何上述示范性实施例限制,而应当仅根据随附于此的下列权利要求及它们的等效物来定义。
Claims (11)
1.一种遥测系统,其包含:
a.遥测植入物;
b.阅读器单元,其被用于从所述遥测植入物读取信号;以及
c.天线,其被用于到所述阅读器单元的连接并且被用于从所述遥测植入物接收信号,所述天线具有第一线圈、第二线圈以及连接器,所述第一线圈电连接到所述第二线圈,并且所述连接器允许所述第一和第二线圈相对于彼此移动。
2.如权利要求1所述的遥测系统,其中所述第一线圈或者所述第二线圈被移动用于对由所述线圈产生的磁场进行整形(shape)。
3.如权利要求1所述的遥测系统,其中所述第一线圈或者所述第二线圈被移动用于使所述天线符合哺乳动物组织表面。
4.如权利要求1至3中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其中所述天线被用于从倾斜的角度为所述遥测植入物提供动力以及读取所述遥测植入物。
5.如权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其中所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈被装载在柔性聚合物中。
6.如权利要求1至5中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其中所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈被装载在小袋中。
7.如权利要求1至6中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其还包含从由计算装置、信号发生器、电源、可听反馈系统以及可视指示器组成的集合中所选择的部件。
8.如权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其还包含至少一个额外的天线线圈。
9.如权利要求1至8中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其中所述天线还包含至少一个铁氧体部件。
10.如权利要求1至9中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其中所述阅读器单元包含微控制器、线圈驱动器和阅读器、频率计数器以及放大器,并且其中所述遥测植入物包含电源电路、振荡器电路以及负载调制器电路。
11.如权利要求1至10中任何一项所述的遥测系统,其中所述天线将射频功率发送至所述遥测植入物并且从所述遥测植入物接收数据。
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CN100461432C (zh) | 2006-11-03 | 2009-02-11 | 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 | 一种薄膜晶体管沟道结构 |
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- 2008-09-05 CN CN201611205741.9A patent/CN107115591A/zh active Pending
- 2008-09-05 CA CA2698686A patent/CA2698686A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN106464028A (zh) * | 2014-04-15 | 2017-02-22 | 哈特威尔公司 | 经皮能量传输系统的改进 |
CN106464029A (zh) * | 2014-04-15 | 2017-02-22 | 哈特威尔公司 | 经皮能量传输系统的改进 |
CN106464029B (zh) * | 2014-04-15 | 2020-08-04 | 哈特威尔公司 | 经皮能量传输系统的改进 |
CN106464028B (zh) * | 2014-04-15 | 2021-01-15 | 哈特威尔公司 | 经皮能量传输系统的改进 |
CN110548224A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-12-10 | 深圳硅基仿生科技有限公司 | 射频信号检测装置及视网膜刺激器 |
Also Published As
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JP6121088B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
JP2015119975A (ja) | 2015-07-02 |
CA2698686A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
ES2611597T3 (es) | 2017-05-09 |
US20110205083A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
WO2009032969A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
EP2191534B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
JP6038963B2 (ja) | 2016-12-07 |
EP2191534A1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
US8570187B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
CN107115591A (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
AU2008296209A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
JP2010537785A (ja) | 2010-12-09 |
AU2008296209B2 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
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