CN101925404B - 结合互连元件的微型反应器组件 - Google Patents

结合互连元件的微型反应器组件 Download PDF

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CN101925404B
CN101925404B CN200880125612.6A CN200880125612A CN101925404B CN 101925404 B CN101925404 B CN 101925404B CN 200880125612 A CN200880125612 A CN 200880125612A CN 101925404 B CN101925404 B CN 101925404B
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S·波尔赛
R·唐盖
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Abstract

提供了一种微型反应器组件(100)，其包括流体互连主干(10)和多个流体微结构(20、30、40)。流体微结构(20、30、40)由流体互连主干(10)的相应部分支承。微型反应器组件(100)包括与互连输入端口和互连输出端口(12、14)相关联的多个非聚合互连密封件(50)。流体互连主干(10)的互连输入端口(12)在一个非聚合互连密封件(50)处与第一流体微结构(20)的微通道输出端口(24)接口连接。流体互连主干(10)的互连输出端口(14)在另一个非聚合互连密封件(50)处与第二流体微结构(30)的微通道输入端口(22)接口连接。互连微通道(15)完全由流体互连主干(10)限定，并且构造成使得其从第一流体微结构(20)的微通道输出端口(24)处的非聚合互连密封件(50)延伸到所述二流体微结构(30)的微通道输入端口(22)处的非聚合互连密封件(50)，而不被另外的密封接口中断。

Description

结合互连元件的微型反应器组件
技术领域
本发明涉及微型反应器技术。微型反应器通常称作微结构反应器、微通道反应器或微流体装置。不管使用哪种具体术语，微型反应器是一种装置，运动或静止目标样本被限定在其中并进行处理。在一些情况下，处理包含化学反应分析。在其他情况下，处理作为利用两种不同反应物的制造工艺的一部分。在任一种情况下，被限定形状的尺寸近似约1mm。微通道是这种限定的最典型的形式且微型反应器相比于间歇反应器来说一般是连续流动反应器。微通道的内部尺寸减小提供了质量和传热速率的显著改进。另外，微型反应器对于传统比例反应器来说提供了很多优点，包括在能量效率、反应速度、反应产率、安全性、可靠性、可扩展性等中的大量改进。
背景技术
微型反应器经常被用来将两种分开的反应物引入共用微通道网络。典型地，微通道网络和用于将反应物引入网络内的正确微通道的相关部件相当复杂且需要构造成在高温和高压下工作。结果，例如在国际专利申请WO-2007-036513中公开的传统微型反应器构造采用了多种流体导管、配件、适配器、O形环、螺钉、夹子和其他类型的连接元件来互连微型反应器构造内的各种微结构。这些元件中的每个元件增加了系统的复杂性并是系统内的潜在泄漏源或其他误差源。本发明总体涉及微型反应器组件的设计，其减少了很多前述部件的使用并且因此解决了这些设计问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种微型反应器组件，其包括流体互连主干和多个流体微结构。流体微结构由流体互连主干的相应部分支承。流体微结构中的每个流体微结构包括多个流体微通道，该流体微通道包括相应的微通道输入端口和微通道输出端口。流体互连主干包括至少一个互连微通道，该互连微通道包括互连输入端口和互连输出端口。
微型反应器组件包括与互连输入端口和互连输出端口相关联的多个非聚合互连密封件。流体互连主干的互连输入端口在一个非聚合互连密封件处与第一流体微结构的微通道输出端口接口连接。流体互连主干的互连输出端口在另一个非聚合互连密封件处与第二流体微结构的微通道输入端口接口连接。互连微通道完全由流体互连主干限定，并且构造成使得其从第一流体微结构的微通道输出端口处的非聚合互连密封件延伸到第二流体微结构的微通道输入端口处的非聚合互连密封件，而不被另外的密封接口中断。
附图说明
本发明的具体实施例的下列详细描述在结合附图阅读时能够被最好地理解，其中相同的结构由相同的附图标记指代，附图中：
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的微型反应器组件的示意图；以及
图2是图1所示的微型反应器组件的一部分的详细示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1和2，示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的微型反应器组件100。微型反应器组件100包括流体互连主干10和多个流体微结构20、30、40。虽然本发明不限于使用具体类型的流体微结构，但是在所示实施例中，反应物A和B最初被引导经过相应的热交换微结构20以帮助调节反应物的温度。第一反应物A然后按路线通过反应物分配微结构30，在此处反应物A的流体流动路径横跨多个反应物流动路径31分配。这些反应物流动路径31中的每条反应物流动路径随后被引导向混合微结构40，在此处反应物A和B被允许反应。
如上所述，图1所示的具体流体微结构构造不应被解释为限制本发明的范围。而是，图1所示的选定微结构起到了的一般目的为示出了根据本发明的微型反应器组件能够利用流体互连主干10来支承并操作性互连各种流体微结构100，其包括但不限于图1所示的流体微结构。
共同参照图1和2，流体微结构20、30、40中的每个流体微结构包括多个流体微通道25、35、45，流体微通道包括相应的微通道输入端口22、32、42和微通道输出端口24、34、44。类似地，流体互连主干10包括对应的互连微通道15，每个互连微通道包括互连输入端口12和互连输出端口14。微型反应器组件100还包括与互连输入和输出端口12、14相关联的多个非聚合互连密封件50。
如图2清楚地示出，流体互连主干10的互连输入端口12在一个非聚合互连密封件50处与第一流体微结构20的微通道输出端口24接口连接。类似地，流体互连主干10的互连输出端口14在另一个非聚合互连密封件50处与第二流体微结构30的微通道输入端口32接口连接。互连微通道15完全由流体互连主干10限定并且构造成使得其从第一流体微结构的微通道输出端口24处的非聚合互连密封件50延伸到第二流体微结构30的微通道输入端口32处的非聚合互连密封件50，而不被另外的密封接口中断。结果，微型反应器组件100利用互连主干10来提供流体微结构之间的高性能连接——在耐化学性和工作压力及温度方面。互连主干10还通过急剧地减小微结构和相关固定及密封硬件之间的外部连接数量而简化了微型反应器组件100。
此外，互连主干10能够改进微型反应器组件中的工艺控制，因为其还结合了热互连微通道16。更特别地，共同参照图1和2，流体微结构20、30、40均可包括热流体微通道26、46，热流体微通道构造用于流体微通道25、35、45中的反应物流体和热流体微通道26、46中的热流体之间的热交换。类似地，互连微通道15可包括热互连微通道16，热互连微通道通过对应的非聚合互连密封件而专用于流体微结构20、30、40的热流体微通道26、46。
如图2所示，流体互连主干10构造成多层歧管，其包括跨层开口18和层间阻塞物19的网络，该网络构造成使多层歧管的单独层隔离成多个独立互连微通道。结果，流体互连主干10能够构造成补充不同复杂性的各种流体微结构。跨层开口18的相应位置能够选择成使得互连输入和输出端口12、14补充各种微流体的标准I/O型号或高度专门应用的定制I/O型号。
微型反应器技术领域的技术人员将认识到，此处所示的反应物和热交换微通道的复杂性能够广泛地变化并且仅在图1和2中以相对简单的示意形式示出。为了描述和限定本发明的目的，仅注意到前述互连和反应物微通道15、25、35、45用来引导两种或多种反应物A、B到微型反应器组件100的一个或多个共用部分以促进将产生一种或多种反应产物C的反应。热流体微通道16、26、46利用热流体H的循环来控制微型反应器组件100的温度和其中的各种流体循环。在本发明的具体实施例中，预期到的是输入热流体H入的温度能够在预定值之间变化以促进不同模式或不同条件下的工作。
互连密封件50选择为非聚合的以在相对高或相对低的工作温度下(即，其中聚合密封件将失效或退化的温度)改进性能。尤其在本发明中，非聚合互连密封件50可以各种方式构成。例如，非聚合互连密封件50中的一个或多个可包括由流体微结构20、30、40之一的材料、流体互连主干10的材料和居间的非聚合结合材料共同形成的密封接口。替代地，非聚合互连密封件50中的一个或多个可包括玻璃/玻璃密封接口，其可由流体微结构20、30、40之一的玻璃和流体互连主干10的玻璃共同形成。根据本发明的另一实施例，非聚合互连密封件50中的一个或多个可包括玻璃/熔块/玻璃密封接口，其可由流体微结构20、30、40之一的玻璃、流体互连主干10的玻璃和居间的玻璃熔块层共同形成。在另一构想实施例中，非聚合互连密封件50中的一个或多个可包括玻璃/陶瓷密封接口，其可由流体微结构20、30、40之一的玻璃或陶瓷和流体互连主干10的玻璃或陶瓷共同形成。在另一替代中，非聚合互连密封件50中的一个或多个可包括陶瓷/陶瓷密封接口，其可由流体微结构20、30、40之一的陶瓷和流体互连主干10的陶瓷共同形成。在另一替代中，非聚合互连密封件50中的一个或多个可包括玻璃/玻璃、玻璃/陶瓷或陶瓷/陶瓷密封接口以及居间的非聚合结合材料。
注意到被以具体方法“构造”来以具体方式实施具体性质或功能的本发明部件此处的叙述是与目的用途叙述相对的结构叙述。更特别地，“构造”部件的方式此处的参考表示部件的现有物理状态并且因此被当作部件的结构特征的确定叙述。
已经详细地且参照其具体实施例描述了本发明，将明显的是，在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下，修改和变型是可行的。更特别地，尽管本发明的一些方面在此处被认为是优选的或特别有利的，但是预期到本发明不是必须限制于本发明的这些优选方面。

Claims (12)

1.一种微型反应器组件（100），所述微型反应器组件包括流体互连主干（10）和多个流体微结构，其中：
所述流体微结构由所述流体互连主干（10）的相应部分支承；
所述流体微结构中的每个所述流体微结构包括多个流体微通道，所述流体微通道包括相应的微通道输入端口（22）和微通道输出端口（24）；
所述流体互连主干（10）包括至少一个互连微通道（15），所述互连微通道包括互连输入端口（12）和互连输出端口（14）；
所述微型反应器组件（100）包括与所述互连输入端口（12）和互连输出端口（14）相关联的多个非聚合互连密封件（50）；
所述流体互连主干（10）的互连输入端口（12）在一个所述非聚合互连密封件（50）处与第一流体微结构（20）的微通道输出端口（24）接口连接；
所述流体互连主干（10）的互连输出端口（14）在一个所述非聚合互连密封件（50）处与第二流体微结构（30）的微通道输入端口（32）接口连接；
所述互连微通道（15）完全由所述流体互连主干（10）限定，并且构造成使得所述互连微通道（15）从所述第一流体微结构（20）的微通道输出端口（24）处的所述非聚合互连密封件（50）延伸到所述第二流体微结构（30）的微通道输入端口（32）处的所述非聚合互连密封件（50），而不被另外的密封接口中断；以及
至少一个流体微结构的所述流体微通道包括至少一个反应物微通道（35）和至少一个热流体微通道（26、46），所述反应物微通道构造成将反应物流体从微通道输入端口（32）引导至微通道输出端口（34），所述热流体微通道构造用于所述反应物微通道（35）中的反应物流体和所述热流体微通道（26、46）中的热流体之间的热交换。
2.如权利要求1所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，所述流体互连主干（10）包括多个独立互连微通道（15）并构造成多层歧管，所述多层歧管包括跨层开口（18）和层间阻塞物（19）的网络，所述网络构造成使所述多层歧管的单独层隔离成多个独立互连微通道（15）。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，由所述流体互连主干（10）支承的所述多个流体微结构包括至少一个反应物分配微结构（30）和至少一个混合微结构（40）。
4.如权利要求3所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，所述流体互连主干（10）包括多个互连微通道（15），所述多个互连微通道构造成通过所述非聚合互连密封件（50）与所述反应物分配微结构（30）和所述混合微结构（40）的对应流体微通道（35、45）接口连接。
5.如权利要求4所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，所述多个流体微结构还包括至少一个热交换微结构（20）且所述流体互连主干（10）包括多个互连微通道（15），所述多个互连微通道构造成与所述热交换微结构（20）的对应流体微通道（26、46）接口连接。
6.如权利要求1所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于：
所述流体互连主干（10）包括多个互连微通道（15）；
一个所述互连微通道（15）包括反应物互连微通道，所述反应物互连微通道通过所述非聚合互连密封件（50）专用于所述流体微结构的反应物微通道；以及
另一个所述互连微通道（15）包括热互连微通道（16），所述热互连微通道通过所述非聚合互连密封件（50）专用于所述流体微结构的热流体微通道（26、46）。
7.如权利要求6所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，另一个所述互连微通道（15）包括至少一个另外的反应物互连微通道，所述另外的反应物互连微通道通过所述非聚合互连密封件（50）专用于所述流体微结构的另外的反应物微通道。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，至少一个所述非聚合互连密封件（50）包括密封接口，所述密封接口由一个所述流体微结构的材料、所述流体互连主干（10）的材料和居间的非聚合结合材料共同形成。
9.如权利要求8所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，所述密封接口由一个所述流体微结构的玻璃、所述流体互连主干（10）的玻璃和居间的非聚合结合材料共同形成。
10.如权利要求8所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，所述密封接口由一个所述流体微结构的玻璃、所述流体互连主干（10）的玻璃和居间的玻璃熔块层共同形成。
11.如权利要求8所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，所述密封接口由一个所述流体微结构的玻璃或陶瓷、所述流体互连主干（10）的玻璃或陶瓷和居间的非聚合结合材料共同形成。
12.如权利要求8所述的微型反应器组件（100），其特征在于，所述密封接口由一个所述流体微结构的陶瓷、所述流体互连主干（10）的陶瓷和居间的非聚合结合材料共同形成。
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