CN101896764B - 使用发光二极管组件的光分布 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
- F21S4/20—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports
- F21S4/28—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports rigid, e.g. LED bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/61—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using light guides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/68—Details of reflectors forming part of the light source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
Abstract
公开了一种有发光二极管(LED)的荧光光灯管改型,其均匀分布光以避免亮点。一个传统荧光灯管形式的灯管包含安装到灯管的单个圆周的相反侧上的灯管的两个LED。该LED能够面对灯管的中心,或者该LED能够是相对灯管中心的偏移面向。在灯管内能够设置反射表面用于将光均匀反射到灯管的弧。或者,至少一个LED能够被定向为将光导进光管,该光管绕灯管内侧弯曲。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发光二极管(LED)组件,更特别地,涉及一种能够替代传统荧光灯设备中的传统荧光灯的LED组件。
背景技术
发光二极管(LED)与荧光灯相比具有很多优点。LED效率更高、寿命更长、并且对振动及低温敏感性低。为了发挥LED的长处,传统荧光灯灯管已经被改型为包含LED。例如,美国专利号7049761公开了一种灯管,具有包装一组LED的传统荧光灯灯管的形状。与荧光灯管的均匀非定向光输出形成对比,已知的有LED的荧光灯灯管改型受限于LED的定向光输出。
发明内容
本发明教导各种取向的LED以便沿灯管长度及绕灯管圆周均匀分布光,结果形成在没有明显点光源的情况下均匀照明。一种这样的配置包含第一LED组件和第二LED组件,每个LED组件具有多个LED。灯管包含至少一个灯管部分,以及第一和第二LED组件被固定到灯管部分的纵向长度并被定向为面向灯管的内侧。接收来自每个LED组件的最少量的光的灯管区域接收来自多个LED组件的光,同时,接收来自每个LED组件的最多量的光的灯管截面仅接收来自一个LED组件的光。因此,总体上,相同量的光绕灯管的整个圆周及沿灯管的整个长度入射到该灯管上。
另一种这样的配置包含,例如是,包含至少一个灯管部分的管状外壳和包含多个LED的至少一个LED组件。每个LED组件被安装到管状外壳的纵向长度并且被定向于发射平行于管状外壳切线的光。这种配置也包含与每个LED组件有关的并且在至少一部分管状外壳内弯曲的光管。
这些实施例的细节,及其他内容,将在下面内容中进一步详细描述。
附图说明
此处的说明参考附图,其中相同的附图标记表示贯穿多个视图中的相同部件,且附图中:
图1是透明灯管的立体示意图,有两个沿灯管纵向长度安装的面向中心的LED组件;
图2是灯管的侧视图,有两个沿灯管纵向长度安装的面向中心的LED组件;
图3是灯管的侧视图,有两个沿灯管纵向长度安装的偏移的LED组件;
图4是灯管的侧视图,有两个面向中心的LED组件及位于两个LED组件之间的反射面;
图5是与图4所示灯管相似的灯管的侧视图,但反射面有弯曲部引导光反射回到LED组件的边界;
图6是灯管的侧视图,有两个径向安装的LED组件和两个绕灯管弧引导光的光管;
图6A是图6的局部碎片示意图;
图7是灯管的侧视图,有侧向发射LED及光管;和
图7A是图7的局部碎片示意图。
具体实施方式
已知的带有LED的荧光灯灯管改型把光直接分布到要被照射的物体。然而,把光直接分布到要被照射的物体能导致刺目、不均匀的光以及出现由LED的窄视角引起的亮点。相反,这里公开了提供均匀光的线性分布发光二极管组件的实施例。通过在某些方向放置LED,能够克服亮点的出现,而且提供均匀的光。
线性分布发光二极管组件的实施例在图1-7中示出。图中示出的光线仅作为示意目的,并不是用于来自LED的光的实际传播的精确描述。如图1所示,LED照明单元10包含灯管12和LED组件14。灯管12被成形为使LED照明单元10能与传统荧光灯设备兼容,并包含端盖以将单元10插入这种灯设备中。LED组件14沿灯管12的纵向长度延伸,也就是沿与灯管12的轴平行的灯管12的长度延伸,以便提供光到灯管12的整个长度上。灯管12通过固定两个半圆灯管部分13到LED组件14上形成。灯管部分13和LED组件14之间的固定可以通过胶粘、螺丝、压入配合(snap-fit)机构、或者本领域人员熟知的其他适合的固定机构的方式。
然而,如图7所示,如果LED照明单元10仅包含一个LED组件14于灯管12的圆周上,一个灯管部分13就可以从LED组件14的一侧延伸几乎整圆到达另一侧。另一方面,如图5所示的例子,灯管12可以是将LED组件14固定到其内侧的传统荧光灯灯管。灯管12和LED组件14之间的固定可以通过胶粘、螺丝、压入配合机构、或者本领域人员熟知的其他适合的固定结构的方式。而且,灯管12的具体形状取决于LED照明单元10的要求的用途。例如,灯管12不必是长条状的;它可以是U形、螺旋管形、或根据具体应用而要求的其他任意形状。在这样的情况下,一个或更多个LED组件14会仍然平行于灯管的轴延伸(也就是说,会仍然沿纵向方向延伸),但会被成形为与灯管12兼容。例如,如果要将灯管12替代传统环形荧光灯,LED组件14将绕环形灯管的内外圆周纵向延伸以适应于灯管12的曲线。灯管12可以由聚碳酸酯、玻璃、丙烯酸、或者本领域人员熟知的其他材料形成。
在所示的图2中,灯管12包含漫射表面22。所示的漫射表面22是涂敷到灯管12内表面的漫射薄膜。另一方面,该漫射表面可以包含涂敷到透明灯管12内侧的透光树脂中的光漫射颗粒。或者,代替将单独的漫射层固定到透明灯管,灯管10可以由半透明材料制成。灯管12也可以经处理以在其内侧产生漫射表面22,例如使灯管12的内表面粗糙。另一方面,如图7所示,光分出结构(lightextraction structure),例如脊部32、圆点、凸起、凹陷、和其他不平坦表面,都能包含在灯管12的内表面上,在该情况下,单独的漫射层可以包含在灯管12的外侧上。
每个LED发光组件14包含多个LED 16和电路。LED发光组件14中包含的LED 16发射白光。然而,如果需要,可以包含发射蓝光、紫外光或其他波长光的LED 16。在所示的实施例中印刷电路板(PCB)18构成该电路。然而,其他类型的电路板,例如金属芯电路板,能够被用于替代PCB 18。另一方面,例如通过在组装之前在灯管部分13的内侧上淀积铜,电路可以被直接形成在灯管12的内表面上。类似的,电线可以被用于替代印刷电路板18,只要LED 16被电连接且被充分支撑。当使用电线时,LED 16可以直接胶粘到散热器20,或者如果在应用中不需要散热器,直接胶粘到灯管12上。由于LED故障的危险低,LED 16可以被串联或并联连接。所示的散热器20被固定到每个PCB 18。然而,灯管部分13可以由导热塑料材料制成,不需要散热器20。在灯管12被安排为环形的应用中,例如,理想的是电路包含柔性电路板。
为便于与传统荧光照明设备物理连接和电连接,端盖(未示出)被固定到灯管12的每一端。如果需要的话,端盖包含变压器,以及任何其他所需的电元件。另一方面,这些电元件可以包含在灯管12的一部分内。端盖包含必要的物理连接和电连接,例如传统荧光灯设备中通常使用的两针配置。例如,这种结构如美国专利号7049761中所示。
在图2所示的实施例中,两个LED组件14被固定到灯管部分13的纵向长度上以形成灯管12。LED组件14相对灯管12的中心间隔开180°,且LED组件14被定向为面向灯管12的中心。当LED 16向多个方向发射光时,被称为LED 16要“面向”的方向通过参照发射的光传播所沿着的方向被确定。也就是说,如果一条线沿着LED14被定向为“面向”的方向行进,由LED 16发出的等量的光将在包含该线的任何平面的两侧上通过。
由LED 16发射的光在环绕LED 16所面向的方向的区域内最集中。通过在灯管12的相反两侧放置两个LED组件14,并且把它们定向为面向灯管12的中心,因为接收最少量的来自每个LED组件14的光的灯管12的某些部件,例如是图2所示的灯管12的顶部和底部部分,接收来自两个LED组件14的光,因而实现了绕灯管12圆周的光均匀分布。接收最多量的来自LED组件14的光的灯管12的某些部件,例如是在绕LED16所面向的区域中的灯管12的区域,仅接收来自一个LED组件14的光。因此,总体上,同样量的光绕灯管12的整个圆周入射到灯管12上。进而,漫射表面22通过在光离开灯管12之前使其漫射提供额外的消除亮点能力。当在如图2所示的实施例中,仅两个LED组件14位于灯管12的单独圆周路径上时,可以为获得额外的亮度而绕灯管12放置额外的LED组件14。最好但不必要这样的LED组件14是绕灯管12均匀隔开。
第二实施例如图3所示。此处,LED组件14是偏移定向,也就是说,不同于面向灯管12的中心,图3中的LED组件14分别相对灯管12的中心向上和向下成角度。第一实施例中LED组件14的定向导致某些光由相对的LED组件14而被阻止离开灯管12。与第一实施例的面向中心定向相比,第二实施例的偏移定向允许更多量的光离开灯管12,其结果是增加LED照明单元10的整体亮度。环绕灯管12的一个圆周的LED组件14的数量以及LED组件14的间隔可以与图3示出的配置不同,但是要求这些组件14如上所述绕灯管12的圆周均匀分布。此外,偏移角度,亦即LED 16面向的方向与面向中心方向之间的角度,也可以被改变。偏移角度越大,由相对的LED组件14阻止的光就越少。然而,增大偏移角度的交换(trade-off)是随角度增加光分布的均匀性变差。
在图4所示的另一实施例中,反射表面24被放置于灯管12内。该反射表面24由反射材料制成,例如由在其背面有金属镀层的玻璃或塑料制成的镜子,且如果需要可包含漫射表面。该反射表面24跨越灯管12的直径。另一方面,反射表面24可以有小于灯管12的直径的主长度,并且可以由灯管12内的支架支撑,或者是被固定到灯管12每一端的端盖上。反射表面24具有凸面形状设计用于均匀分布光在灯管12的整个弧上。反射表面24的具体曲率取决于LED16的视角、从每个LED 16到反射表面24的距离、以及绕灯管12圆周的LED16的数量。例如,具有窄视角的LED 16比具有宽视角的LED 16要求更大角度的偏转,以便实现跨越灯管12弧的光的相同分布。此外,唇缘26从反射表面24凸出,与每个LED 16面向反射表面24的点相临近。唇缘26是从反射表面24的凸出,引导光绕LED组件14,否则这部分光会被反射离开反射表面24正好回到LED组件14。因此,唇缘26增加了能射出灯管12的光量,进而增加了LED照明单元10的亮度。
如图5所示的另一实施例包含在反射表面24中的弯曲部28。在该实施例中反射表面24与之前实施例的反射表面24相类似,除了在反射表面24与灯管12连接处附近设置弯曲部28之外。每个弯曲部28被形成角度以引导光刚好在LED组件14周长之外通过灯管12的区域。通过在LED组件14附近引导光通过灯管12,减少了由LED组件14产生的暗点的发生。该实施例还具有漫射表面22在反射表面24上的特征。
图6中示出的实施例特征是至少一个LED组件14被径向安装于灯管12。在该定向中,径向安装的LED组件14面向平行于该LED组件被安装位置处的灯管12的切线。光管30的第一端接近每个LED 16以接收发射的光。然后光管30绕灯管12的内侧弯曲,直到该光管30的第二端与下一个LED组件14的背面相接近。光管30绕灯管12的圆周孤逐渐变细。LED组16附近的光管30的大截面允许大比例的光绕灯管12弧形传播,而不是射出。当光绕灯管12弧形传播时,由于部分光射出灯管12,在光管30内的光量减少,光管30的较小截面能够使更大比例的光穿出灯管12。这样,均匀量的光通过灯管12的整个弧形射出灯管12。光管30由带有用于反射光的金属镀层的塑料构成。光管30还可以由镀膜玻璃(mirrored glass)构成。无论所选择的材料是什么,光管30应尽可能接近全内反射以便使LED照明单元10的亮度最大化。
该实施例中光管30的表面包含光分出结构,特别地如所示出的脊部32。光分出结构可以取其他形状,例如是圆点、凸起、凹陷、和其他不平坦表面。这种光分出结构的尺寸和形状可以在灯管12的圆周及长度上改变,以便在灯管12圆周及长度产生一致的光分布。例如,该结构可以在临近光通量较高的LED 16附近小而稀,而在光通量较低的远离LED 16的地方大而密。如果多个LED 16被绕灯管12的圆周放置,可以有绕灯管12的圆周的多个区域有密集间隔的光分出结构。光分出结构的放置由软件确定,例如在Michael Zollers,“IntegratedOptimization Capabilities Provide a Robust Tool for LED Backlight Design”,LEDs Magazine(Oct.2006),第27-29页中公开的软件,通过引用合并在这里。光分出结构的放置还可以通过其他方式确定,例如通过试验或者手工计算。另一方面,光管30的表面可以是平滑的;光管30不需要包含光分出结构。
如果在灯管12的圆周上仅有一个LED组件14,光管30在在它起始的LED组件14的相反侧结束之前,在灯管12内部几乎完成一整圈,从而使光分布到灯管12的几乎整个圆周上。工作中,由LED 16发射的一部分光以小于灯管12的临界角的入射角到达灯管12并从灯管12射出,一部分光以等于或大于灯管12的临界角的入射角到达灯管12并被偏折回灯管12,并且一部分光从初始就与光管30接触。光管30将到达它上面的光偏折回灯管12。因此,光线在射出灯管12之前能够通过弧回弹(ricochet),其结果使得通过孤的光均匀分布。
图7示出的实施例特征在于侧向发射LED 16以及与第五实施例中光管30类似的光管30。侧向发射LED 16以与LED 16面向的方向近似成直角发射盘形光。LED 16邻接灯管12,使LED16发射平行于灯管12的局部切线的光。在该实施例中,电路板18和散热器20被安装在灯管12的内侧的LED 16的下面。另一方面,电路板18和散热器20可以被安装在灯管12的外面。光管30绕灯管12内侧弯曲,从LED 16的一侧延伸到另一侧,并在灯管12和光管30之间形成通道。光管30逐渐变细,这样离LED 16最远处的光管30部分最靠近灯管12。光管30的渐细形状使得光量少时更高比例的光射出灯管12,且导致绕灯管12的圆周上的光均匀分布。这样,光射出LED 16的侧面,且绕灯管12的圆周弯曲,在灯管12和光管30之间进行反射,直到光以小于临界角的角度入射到灯管12上并从灯管12射出。另一方面,多个LED组件14可以被绕灯管12的圆周布置,此情况下光管30在每一个LED组件14之间延伸。而且,光分出结构可以被放置在光管30上,如前面的实施例所讨论的。
已经描述了以上描述的实施例以便允许容易理解本发明但并不限制本发明。相反,本发明意在覆盖包含在所附权利要求书的范围内的各种变型和等同安排,权利要求书的范围被给予最宽广的解释,以便包括法律允许的所有这样变型和等同结构。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于替代传统荧光照明设备的传统荧光灯泡的LED照明单元,包括:
管状外壳,包含至少一个灯管部分;
第一LED组件,包够个LED,该第一LED组件沿管状外壳的第一纵向长度定位并被定向为面向管状外壳的内部;
第二LED组件,包含多个LED,该第二LED组件被固定到管状外壳的第二纵向长度并被定向为面向管状外壳的内部,其中管状外壳、第一LED组件和第二LED组件被配置为使相同量的光绕管状外壳的整个圆周及沿管状外壳的整个长度入射到管状外壳上;以及
反射表面,在管状外壳内部纵向延伸,跨越管状外壳的直径,且具有一个凸侧面向该第一LED细件和另一个凸侧面向该第二LED组件。
2.如权利要求1所述的LED照明单元,其特征在于,该第一LED组件和该第二LED组件相对管状外壳的中心间隔开180°且被定向为相向而对。
3.如权利要求1所述的LED照明单元,其特征在于,该第一LED组件和该第二LED组件相对管状外壳的中心间隔开180°且被定向为面向从管状外壳的半径偏移的方向。
4.一种用于替代传统荧光照明设备的传统荧光灯泡的LED照明单元,包括:
管状外壳,包含至少一个灯管部分;
第一LED组件,包含多个LED,该第一LED组件沿管状外壳的第一纵向长度定位并被定向为面向管状外壳的内部;
第二LED组件,包含多个LED,该第二LED组件被固定到管状外壳的第二纵向长度并被定向为面向管状外壳的内部;和
反射表面,在管状外壳内,其中该反射表面跨越至少一个灯管部分的内表面的直径,并具有第一凹侧和第二凹侧,且该第一LED组件面向该第一凹侧,而该第二LED细件面向该第二凹侧。
5.如权利要求4所述的LED照明单元,还包括从该反射表面的该第一凹侧上的中点凸出的唇缘,用于将光导向该第一LED组件的周围。
6.如权利要求5所述的LED照明单元,其特征在于,该反射表面包含漫射表面。
7.如权利要求5所述的LED照明单元,其特征在于,该反射表面包含弯曲部,位于反射表面和至少一个灯管部分的连接处,该弯曲部被形成角度以便将光导向该第一LED组件的周围。
8.一种用于替代传统荧光照明设备的传统荧光灯泡的LED照明单元,包括:
管状外壳,包含至少一个灯管部分;
第一LED组件,包含多个LED,该第一LED组件被沿管状外壳的第一纵向长度定位,使得该多个LED被定向于背离该第一纵向长度且进于管状外壳的内部;和
第二LED组件,包含多个LED,该第二LED组件被沿管状外壳的第二纵向长度定位,使得该多个LED被定向于背离该第二纵向长度且进于该管状外壳的内部,其中该至少一个灯管部分包括:第一半圆灯管部分,被固定到该第一LED组件和该第二LED组件;以及第二半圆灯管部分,被固定到该第一LED组件和该第二LED组件。
9.如权利要求8所述的LED照明单元,其特征在于,每个灯管部分具有透明外层、漫射内层,并且由聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸和玻璃中的至少一种制成。
10.如权利要求8所述的LED照明单元,还包括:
第一散热器,被固定到该第一LED组件;以及
第二散热器,被固定到该第二LED组件。
11.如权利要求8所述的LED照明单元,其特征在于,该管状外壳包含具有圆形截面的一个灯管部分。
12.如权利要求8所述的LED照明单元,其特征在于,第一LED组件和第二LED组件每个包含支撑相应的多个LED的电路板。
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US7712918B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
US20090161359A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
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US7926975B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
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