CN101827683A - 固定的转子密封的修复 - Google Patents

固定的转子密封的修复 Download PDF

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CN101827683A
CN101827683A CN200880112309A CN200880112309A CN101827683A CN 101827683 A CN101827683 A CN 101827683A CN 200880112309 A CN200880112309 A CN 200880112309A CN 200880112309 A CN200880112309 A CN 200880112309A CN 101827683 A CN101827683 A CN 101827683A
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head
sealing
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plating
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安德烈亚斯·格莱肯
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Siemens AG
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    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
    • B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
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    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
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    • B23K26/0673—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into independently operating sub-beams, e.g. beam multiplexing to provide laser beams for several stations
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    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
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    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
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    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/02—Honeycomb structures
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/80—Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/55—Seals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于移动地修复透平机械的固定的转子密封(1)的方法和装置，该方法基本上具有下列步骤：对所述固定的转子密封进行3D扫描，生成所述固定的转子密封(1)的3D模型，借助激光切割去除所述密封(1)的损坏点(6)，用一第二处理头(13)在修复点生成新的密封(1)，该第二处理头通过激光粉末镀敷生成所述密封(1)。这种方法和装置的一个优点在于，减少了更换密封(1)所需的成本和停机时间。

Description

固定的转子密封的修复
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于修复透平机械的固定转子密封的方法。本发明还涉及一种用于修复透平机械的固定转子密封的移动修复装置。
背景技术
根据本发明的透平机械可以为任何类型，例如蒸汽透平、燃气透平或透平压缩机。透平机械基本上由两个主要部分组成，即，转子和壳体，其中转子和壳体在转子突伸出壳体的区域具有转子密封。由于转子以旋转速度相对于定子的相对运动，任何设计都有一个主要的缺点，即优选通过接触密封了转子和定子之间所必需的缝隙。一些努力致力于降低通过这种周向缝隙的泄漏。在大多数情况下，采用一种处理介质来防止泄漏的流体逸出壳体。在任何情况下，壳体的密封和必需的密封流体的供给降低了相应透平机械的效率。因此，一直对降低密封流体量进行着持续的努力，这通常导致转子和定子之间可能的最小径向间隙。在燃气透平领域，尤其采用可磨损的密封而使得转子在首次起动时自行产生其径向间隙。在通常与可磨损密封关联使用的第二种设计努力利用至少一个密封表面的特定几何形状。通常，将若干周向密封条插入到转子内，且朝向密封条的对应定子表面具有特定的拓扑形式，例如蜂巢状，也被称作蜂巢状密封。由于机械完整性以及必需的热阻的不同程度和热学特性，蜂巢状密封通过焊接和/或铜焊永久性地连接到例如定子。通常，蜂巢状密封的定子部分连接至一扇环，也称扇段。
在燃气透平或其它任何透平机械的工作过程中，例如由气流(相应地是蒸汽流)中的异物使蜂巢状密封发生恶化，并可能造成意外损失。而且，在经过不同起动条件下的若干次起动后，蜂巢状密封局部被磨掉并降低了总体热效率。根据效率损失的程度，修复密封变得经济上可行。由于蜂巢状密封的复杂性，对这些部件的更换通常是昂贵的并且增大了预期的停机时间，使得一些透平机械用废弃的密封件工作，因为修复不如以低效率运行那样昂贵。尤其针对于低二氧化碳排放，这些情况是不能接受的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的一个技术问题是通过提供一种用于修复透平机械的转子密封的方法和装置来克服上述困难，该转子密封节约了时间并降低了使密封重新达到合适条件的努力。
根据本发明，上述技术问题通过提供一种上述类型的方法加以解决，该方法包括下列步骤：
-确认密封的损坏，
-用修复装置的第一处理头的切割工具在修复点处去除密封的损坏点，
-在修复点处通过使用所述修复装置的第二处理头以粉末镀敷生成新的密封。
优选首先执行如下步骤：
-打开透平机械的壳体，
-移除所述透平机械的转子，
-在固定的转子密封处布置修复装置，
-对固定密封进行3D扫描。
上述技术问题也通过一种移动修复装置，尤其是用于实施上述方法的移动修复装置加以解决，所述修复装置用于修复透平机械的固定的转子密封；该装置包括：第一处理头的切割工具，其用于在修复点处去除密封的损坏点；第二处理头，该第二处理头用于在修复点通过粉末镀敷生成一新的密封。
该装置优选还包括用于扫描转子密封的3D扫描器。
所建议的方法和装置都使转子密封的固定部分能够在很短的时间周期内直接在现场修复。装置的移动性使得操作非常灵活。
激光切割工具的应用增加了装置的移动性，因为激光技术提供了组合非常强大的切割和较轻的重量的可能性。可以相比较的车削加工、钻孔或其它加工仅以较重负荷的机床才能获得所希望的精度。激光切割不施加力的作用，因而即使用较轻重量的装置也非常精确。
由于类似的优点，用第二处理头进行的粉末镀敷优选地由激光设备执行，该激光设备将粉末精确地熔化在所希望的位置。激光切割和激光粉末镀敷可以进行得非常迅速而无需高的机械力。
在对固定的密封进行的3D扫描过程中优选生成一个密封的3D模型，该3D模型使得对密封的损坏能够进行识别以及形成加工过程的基础。
一个优选的实施形式仅提供了一个用于切割工具和粉末镀敷的激光源。单个激光源可以与两种不同的处理头相组合使用，所述处理头中的一个配备有用于切割损坏点的合适的光学器件，而另一个则配备有用于激光粉末镀敷的合适光学器件。
有利的是，第一处理头和第二处理头都通过3D运动系统分别关于一个共有的3D坐标系统移动。而且，固定的转子密封的3D模型有利地参照相同的3D坐标系统。
密封的3D扫描优选由可见光扫描器实现，该扫描器提供了当前条件下的精确图像。可见光扫描器可以布置在一第三处理头上，该第三处理头也关于共同的3D坐标系统运动。
切割和/或镀敷优选在惰性气流、即惰性气氛下实现，以防止与周围空气的不希望的反应。
本发明的一个优选实施形式提供了一个控制单元，该控制单元控制运动系统并且适于在扫描过程中关于一个共同的3D坐标系统生成密封的3D模型。这种共同的控制和参考有助于避免根据本发明的方法的各步骤之间的单独调节过程。
附图说明
参考下面结合附图对于实现本发明的当前最佳模式的描述使得本发明的上述属性和其它特性以及优点以及获得它们的方式变得更加清楚。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的方法以及一种执行该方法的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种用于使用根据本发明的装置2来修复透平机械密封1的方法的不同步骤的示意图。在根据本发明的第一步骤中，打开透平机械壳体并移除在图1中未示出的转子。密封1是没有详细示出的壳体的一部分，并因而是固定部件。在移除转子后，将装置2布置在适于执行根据本发明的方法的密封1的附近的位置。
在接下来的步骤中，可见光扫描器3评估密封1的当前状况，并且在控制单元4内参照3D坐标系统5生成密封1的3D模型。基于测量识别3D模型损坏、密封1的损坏点6。与第一处理头8相连的切割工具7由运动系统9在空间内移动。通过应用激光设备10，以切割工具7去除密封1的损坏点6。切割工具7的激光设备10的激光由激光源11提供，所述激光被借助光导体传导到切割工具7。
在移除了损坏点6之后，也由3D运动系统9关于3D坐标系统5移动并由控制单元4控制的第二处理头13相应损坏点6被切掉的区域，也就是在在修复点14处生成密封。第二处理头14通过激光粉末镀敷生成新的密封1的形状。第二处理头13的激光设备15也使用了激光源11，该激光源也通过光导体12与第二处理头13相连。
第二处理头13、类似于第一处理头8，使用其本身的光学器件，该光学器件适于粉末激光镀敷。装置2还包括惰性气体供应器16，该惰性气体供应器用于使处理、特别是切割和镀敷能够在惰性气氛下进行。
扫描器3连接至一第三处理头17，该第三处理头的运动也由运动系统9和共同的控制单元4控制并参考3D坐标系统5。
尽管本发明已被描述具有优选的设计，但是也可以进一步在公开内容的范围和精神内改进本发明。本申请因此要覆盖本发明的应用其基本原理的任何变化、使用和修改。而且，本申请要覆盖偏离此公开内容的、属于本发明所包含的本领域已知或惯常实践的技术方案。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于修复透平机械的固定的转子密封(1)的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：
识别所述密封(1)的损坏(损坏点6)，
用所述修复装置(2)的第一处理头(8)的切割工具(7)在修复点(14)处去除所述密封(1)的损坏点(6)，
通过使用所述修复装置(2)的第二处理头(13)以粉末镀敷在所述修复点(14)处生成新的密封(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，首先执行下列步骤：
-打开所述透平机械的壳体，
-移除所述透平机械的转子，
-将修复装置(2)布置在所述固定的转子密封(1)处，
-对所述固定的转子密封(1)进行3D扫描以识别损坏。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，基于对所述固定的转子密封(1)的3D扫描生成所述固定的转子密封(1)的3D模型。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述切割工具包括一激光设备(10)，所述损坏点(6)由该激光设备去除。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第二处理头(13)使用激光设备(10)来熔化用于粉末镀敷的粉末。
6.根据权利要求3和4所述的方法，其中，提供一个激光源(11)用于切割和镀敷的激光。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第一处理头(8)和第二处理头(13)由3D运动系统(9)分别关于一共同的3D坐标系统(5)移动。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述固定的密封(1)的3D模型参考与所述第一处理头(8)和第二处理头(13)相同的3D坐标系统(5)。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，由可见光扫描器(3)实现所述3D扫描。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述可见光扫描器(3)布置在第三处理头(17)上，该第三处理头参照与所述第一处理头(8)和第二处理头(13)相同的3D坐标系统(5)移动。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在惰性气氛(18)下实现所述切割和/或镀敷。
12.一种用于修复透平机械的固定的转子密封(1)的移动修复装置(2)，该装置包括：
用于扫描所述转子密封(1)的3D扫描器(3)，
用于在修复点(14)处去除密封(1)的损坏点(6)的第一处理头(8)的切割工具(7)，
用于在所述修复点(14)处通过粉末镀敷生成新的密封(1)的第二处理头(13)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置(2)，其特征在于，所述扫描器(3)、所述第一处理头(8)和所述第二处理头(13)由运动系统(9)分别关于3D坐标系统(5)移动。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的装置(2)，其特征在于，所述装置(2)包括控制单元(4)，该控制单元控制所述运动系统(9)并适于在扫描过程中生成密封(1)的关于所述3D坐标系统(5)的3D模型。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的装置(2)，其特征在于，所述第一处理头(8)包括用于切割的激光设备(10)。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的装置(2)，其特征在于，所述第二处理头(13)包括用于粉末镀敷的激光设备(15)。
17.根据权利要求12至16中任一项所述的装置(2)，其特征在于，所述扫描器(3)包括为扫描提供可见光的光源(19)。
18.根据权利要求12至17中任一项所述的装置(2)，其特征在于，一共同的激光源(11)将激光供应给所述第一处理头(8)和第二处理头(13)。
19.根据权利要求12至18中任一项所述的装置(2)，其特征在于，所述装置(2)包括用于切割和/或粉末镀敷的惰性气体供应器(16)。
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