CN101799974A - Electrocardio signal transmission method based on self-adaptive codebook - Google Patents
Electrocardio signal transmission method based on self-adaptive codebook Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrocardio signal transmission method based on a self-adaptive codebook, belonging to the technical field of wireless communication. The method comprises the following steps of: detecting and marking monitoring signals by a differential threshold method and a wavelet analysis method by preprocessing standard electrocardio analog signals collected by a body surface; regulating the self-adaptive codebook and fixing code vector selected in the codebook by adopting a rule of the minimum weighted mean square error; substituting the residue difference signals with the selected code vector; and adjusting the fitting speed of the code information source electrocardio signals and the order of a fitting function by a transmission end according to the estimation result of the channel to realize information source channel combination control transmission of electrocardio signals. In the invention, the variation of the channel environment is taken into account when electrocardio data is compressed, and low-consumption transmission is realized in case that the complexity of the traditional hardware is maintained.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of method of wireless communication technology field, specifically is a kind of electrocardio signal transmission method based on adaptive codebook that is used for multi-hop wireless body area network environment.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, people's rhythm of life is accelerated, pressure increases, and various diseases pilosity, wherein all kinds of heart diseases are major reasons of harm humans health; Simultaneously, global developed country aging population trend is obvious, and heart disease also is the main healthy challenge that the elderly faces.In order to protect human body health better, can become a current important technology focus to the wireless body area network that human body is monitored in real time.The cardiogram monitoring is main monitoring means in the wireless body area network.The wireless transmission of electrocardiosignal is the major issue that the wireless body area network widespread use need solve.
Present wireless electrocardio monitoring is that directly transmission is through the electrocardiosignal of overcompression mostly.The wireless transmission process generally comprises: electrocardiosignal pre-service, compress ecg data and coding transmission.Existing Compression of Electrocardiogram Signals method research can be carried out following classification: the direct compression method of time domain, transform domain data compression method, characteristic parameter extraction method, other compression methods.Above ECG Data Compression Method, all the electrocardiogram (ECG) data after the hypothesis compression can carry out the transmission of zero defect ground in channel; Or channel circumstance is enough good, the feasible variation that need not consider channel; Or only on system hardware equipment, improve and reach laser propagation effect.Yet great variety may take place in the channel quality of wireless body area network, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) data after the compression need transmit in changeable wireless channel environment.
Find through retrieval prior art, about the transmission technology of electrocardiosignal in the wireless environment is all failed well to consider wireless channel transmission environment and channel quality:
Chinese patent literature CN101268936A, open day 2008-9-24, put down in writing a kind of " the electrocardio compression method and the coding/decoding method of radio electrocardiographicmonitoring monitoring instrument ", this technology employing Lifting Wavelet bag optimal spatial and the embedded remainder are encoded and are carried out the efficient compression of electrocardiogram (ECG) data, in compression, well do not consider the transmittability in the channel scene of quick time varying characteristic.
U.S. Patent number US5048535, open day 1991917, put down in writing a kind of " Method and apparatus fordetecting QRS complex of ECG " (method and apparatus of QRS wave group in the monitoring ECG signal), this technology is considered the noise effect of information source, and only be that hardware from system improves, still utilize traditional transmission mode, do not consider the characteristic of channel simultaneously and obtain improving one's methods of easier realization from software.Though the electrocardio signal transmission method in wireless channel also is based on basic compress ecg data method, for example parameter fitness method all fails to consider the influence of channel to transmission quality, fails effectively to improve the monitoring and the transmittability of electrocardiosignal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the prior art above shortcomings, a kind of electrocardio signal transmission method based on adaptive codebook is provided, when carrying out the electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression, consider the variation of channel circumstance, under the situation of keeping the existing hardware complexity, realize low-loss transmission.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes following steps:
Step 1, the standard cardioelectric simulating signal that body surface is collected obtains digital electrocardiosignal successively behind amplifier and analog to digital converter, digital electrocardiosignal is carried out pre-service, obtains the original electrocardiographicdigital signal.
Described pre-service is meant: adopt successively and eliminate the 50Hz power frequency interference in the digital electrocardiosignal, near power frequency interference and the baseline wander below the 0.7Hz the 100Hz frequency multiplication by the method for low-pass filter and Hi-pass filter.
Step 2 adopts difference threshold method and wavelet analysis method that monitor signal is carried out QRS wave group, P ripple and T ripple and carries out certification mark, obtains the start-stop position of QRS wave group, P ripple and T ripple respectively;
Step 3, utilize fixed codebook and adaptive codebook to generate synthetic electrocardiosignal, with the code vector of selecting in the criterion adjustment adaptive codebook of synthetic electrocardiosignal and the weighted mean square error minimum of original electrocardiographicdigital signal and the fixed codebook, and, the address of this code vector, the gain parameter of fixed codebook one-level adaptive codebook are sent to receiving end through quantization encoding by transmitting terminal with the code vector replacement residual signals of selecting;
Described fixed codebook and the synthetic electrocardiosignal of adaptive codebook generation of utilizing is meant: the start-stop position of QRS wave group, P ripple and the T ripple that obtains in fixed codebook that the parameter of utilizing the Hermite curve fitting to obtain is set up and the adaptive codebook integrating step two generates synthetic electrocardiosignal and is meant, is specially:
Wherein: P (t), QRS (t), T (t) are respectively QRS wave group, P ripple, T ripple, and (t σ) is the Hermite functional form, c to φ
nThe parameter that obtains for match.
Described code vector is meant: adaptive codebook that adjustment obtains under the criterion of weighted mean square error minimum and the code vector in the fixed codebook.
Described transmitting terminal is estimated channel at every turn after sending successfully, and is adjusted the match speed of sign indicating number information source electrocardiosignal and the exponent number of fitting function.
Step 4, receiving end adopts the code book identical with transmitting terminal, finds this code vector to be multiplied by corresponding gain coefficient again according to the code vector address, the excitation composite filter, the electrocardiosignal that obtains synthesizing realizes that the message source and channel of electrocardiosignal jointly controls transmission.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is applicable to changeable wireless transmission environment, carry out electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression the time, realize low-loss transmission, can also reach the effect that message source and channel jointly controls.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synthetic electrocardiosignal process flow diagram of present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an embodiment codebook search model.
Fig. 3 is an embodiment effect synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is carried out pre-service to electrocardiosignal.
Collect electric signal from people's body surface, transform through prime amplifier, high-pass filtering, main amplification, low-pass filtering and AD successively, the signal that collects is carried out amplification filtering, obtain electrocardiosignal.In order to remove that near 50Hz in the electrocardiosignal and the frequency multiplication thereof power frequency is disturbed and interference sources such as baseline wander below the 0.7Hz, also to carry out the pre-service on the software afterwards to the electrocardiosignal that collects.Here again by using a low-pass filter and a Hi-pass filter to act on successively, realize the effect of bandpass filter.Obtaining the slope characteristics of signal waveform through differentiating again afterwards, the signal of square operation after to differential carries out non-linear amplification, gives prominence to HFS, mobile at last window integration.Through after this a series of processing, guaranteed on the distortionless basis of waveform morphology, to reach the effect of noise abatement.
Step 2, method of difference detect the QRS wave group and Wavelet Transform detects P ripple, T ripple, and the starting point of good QRS wave group of mark and P ripple, T ripple, terminal point, crest value point, ripple valley point make things convenient for the effect and the curve fitting of next step window function.
Method of difference is by signal being carried out single order or second order difference, judging whether its component value surpasses existence and the position thereof that certain threshold level is determined the QRS ripple.Usually rising edge and the negative edge at the R ripple is the zone of ecg wave form slope conversion maximum, and the middle first order derivative zero crossing that occurs is the position at R point place.
If the raw ECG signal is: x (n), n=1,2 ..., N}, the expression formula commonly used of difference operator has:
θ is a threshold value, can be set at fixed threshold and adaptive threshold.
Method in this example is that earlier the ECG signal to be carried out low pass level and smooth, and then signal being carried out differential, to obtain a series of peak valleys right, removes the part that is lower than slope threshold value in the differential signal, and each is decided to be a R peak to peak valley at last.
After QRS wave group location, carry out the detection of T ripple and P ripple.The ECG signal after the quadratic spline multi-scale wavelet decomposes, selecting scale 2
4Last detection P ripple and T ripple.Because most T ripples are relative its summit near symmetrical, so the T wave crest is o'clock corresponding to 2
4On the yardstick modulus maximum between multi-zero, the starting point of T ripple is corresponding to the right starting point of modulus maximum, T ripple terminal point is corresponding to the right terminal point of modulus maximum.After the time shift correction, just finish the detection of T ripple.The detection type of the detection of P ripple and T ripple seemingly.
Step 3 before transmission, according to existing ecg signal data storehouse, utilizes the Hermite function to come the different electrocardiogram (ECG) data of match, extracts the parameter of match, sets up code book.
The mathematic(al) representation of Hermite function match is:
Wherein x (t) is the electrocardiosignal that collects, c
nBe the parameter of extracting, φ
n(t, σ) the Hermite function of the different orders of expression.φ
n(t, Hermite functional form σ) is:
H wherein
n(t/ σ) is the Hermite polynomial expression, obtains by recursion formula (4):
H
n(x)＝2xH
n-1(x)-2(n-1)H
n-2(x)(4)
H wherein
0(x)=1, H
1(x)=and 2x, n=2,3 ...The polynomial order of Hermite is high more, and its frequency that changes in time domain is just high more.
Adopt the Hermite function will in a cardiac electrical cycle, carry out, so,, extract QRS section, T section, P section respectively to the electrocardiosignal windowing according to the mark of QRS wave group and T ripple, P ripple to its segmentation to the electrocardiosignal match.Afterwards each data segment is carried out standardization, data segment first and last data are asked arithmetic mean, as the null value of this data segment, make that each element all deducts this null value in the data segment, to make things convenient for the Hermite match.Each segment signal can be represented by following formula:
Obtain the data after the match, itself and raw data are compared.By making difference of two squares E minimum, obtain best fitting coefficient.
Wherein: x
T(t
i)={ P (t
i), QRS (t
i), Q (t
i),
Final extracting parameter c
nAt x (t) and φ
n(t σ) under all known situation, tries to achieve appropriate fitting parameter c by the method for asking difference E minimum
n, utilize the parameter that obtains to set up code book afterwards.When asking the E minimum value, can use principle of least square method, to c
nAsking partial differential respectively and making it is zero, obtains each coefficient.
Be shown in the formula (7)
Formula is simplified order
Then (7) are rewritten as (10)
Find the solution above-mentioned normal equations group and just can obtain fitting coefficient c
n
Because the function of match is the Hermite function, therefore also can utilize the characteristics of Hermite function orthogonality, to c
nEmergency, only need be found the solution according to equation (11) and be got final product, and have reduced the complexity of finding the solution.
β
jj*c
j＝β
j????(11)
Summary through to data in the data database can obtain, and when N=10, can guarantee that basically some material particulars of fitting data and raw data can show without distortion.
Because the electrocardiosignal of different people may have different performances, particularly for the patient who violates different symptoms, electrocardiosignal may have different performances, so can represent the characteristic that has originally with fixed code, and handled the variation of different symptoms originally with adaptive code, reach the variable effect of coding with this.Owing to adopted adaptive code book, saved the capacity of fixed codebook.Fixed codebook and adaptive codebook have so just been set up.
As shown in Figure 2, enter transmitting terminal through the electrocardiosignal after pre-service and the detection of QRS wave group.From fixed codebook and adaptive codebook, select suitable code vector to come QRS section, T section and the P section of synthetic electrocardiosignal respectively, and the electrocardiosignal that this is synthetic compare with the original electrocardiographicdigital signal that enters transmitting terminal.According to the criterion that makes synthetic electrocardiosignal with the weighted mean square error minimum of original electrocardiographicdigital signal, adjust the code vector of from adaptive codebook and fixed codebook, selecting, with parameter quantification coding back transmissions such as the suitable code vector address selected and gains.G wherein
iBe the gain of adaptive codebook, and g
cGain for fixed codebook.Can reduce code rate by extraction and coding to the electrocardiosignal characteristic parameter.Wherein adaptive codebook mainly utilizes when arrhythmia cordis is carried out match to ecg wave form.
Often the ARR disease of some that relate to comprises that the rhythm of the heart is overrun, the rhythm of the heart is slow excessively, stops fighting or the like.These illnesss are compared difference and are mainly reflected in the not the same, as shown in table 1 of RR interval with normal sinus rhythm, can serve as according to these several diseases are carried out graduation with the RR interval therefore.
Before entering transmitting terminal,, can obtain detecting through pre-service and QRS wave group whether electrocardiosignal afterwards is normal by to the RR judgement of interval.When the rhythm of the heart is normal, from fixed codebook, select suitable code vector to synthesize the criterion that electrocardiosignal can satisfy the weighted mean square error minimum that makes synthetic electrocardiosignal and original electrocardiographicdigital signal, so only need the code vector and the gain thereof of transmission fixed codebook, can save the cost of transmission.Because arrhythmia cordis and the normal two class waveforms of the rhythm of the heart differ greatly in the value space of Hermite function fitting coefficient, if do not utilize adaptive codebook to change fitting coefficient dynamically so when arrhythmia cordis, only utilize fixed codebook, then seriously distortion of the ecg wave form after the match.So when the rhythm of the heart is not normal, need from fixed codebook and adaptive codebook, select suitable code vector to come QRS section, T section and the P section of synthetic electrocardiosignal respectively simultaneously, and the electrocardiosignal that this is synthetic compares with the original electrocardiographicdigital signal that enters transmitting terminal.According to the criterion that makes synthetic electrocardiosignal with the weighted mean square error minimum of original electrocardiographicdigital signal, adjust the code vector of from adaptive codebook and fixed codebook, selecting, with parameter quantification coding back transmissions such as the suitable code vector address selected and gains.Change under the violent situation (when for example carrying out strenuous exercise) simultaneously, the exponent number (10 to 15 rank) of suitable increase Hermite function, satisfy the accuracy of match at ecg wave form.Corresponding, under ecg wave form changes slowly situation (for example when having a rest or waking up morning night), the exponent number of reduction Hermite function that can be suitable (6 to 10 rank) is to reduce transmission cost.
Table 1 arrhythmia cordis classification and criterion
| Classification | Criterion | Explanation |
| Leakage is fought | 2.4s＞RR interval＞2* mean value | Mean value is preceding 4 RR interval averages |
| Stop fighting | RR interval＞2.4s | ?- |
| Classification | Criterion | Explanation |
| Tachycardia | Instantaneous heart rate＞120 time/minute continue more than 3 times, and RR interval five successively decreases | Instantaneous heart rate=60/RR interval |
| Bradycardia | Instantaneous heart rate＜40 time/minute continue more than 3 times | ?- |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | Absolute value＞mean value/5 of continuous three RR interval differences | ?- |
At receiving end, adopt the code book identical with transmitting terminal, find this code vector to be multiplied by corresponding gain coefficient again according to the code vector address, excitation composite filter, the electrocardiosignal that obtains synthesizing.
As shown in Figure 3, be, comprising: P ripple, Q ripple, R ripple, S ripple, T ripple, U ripple, PR interval, QRS wave group, ST interval through the original normal electrocardiosignal after the above-mentioned processing.
Step 4 because the polytrope of signal transmission environment, is dynamically adjusted Bit Allocation in Discrete according to the change of communication channel between information source coding and chnnel coding, so that the channel that the dynamic characteristic of information source becomes when adapting to.This moment, hypothesis was known to the estimated result of channel.Under the poor situation of channel condition; reduce the speed and the Hermite function fitting exponent number of electrocardio match; can leave chnnel coding more bits redundancy like this for and realize error correction; increase more chnnel coding protection, even make it under extremely abominable propagation conditions, also can keep certain ecg wave form.If instead channel quality is relatively good, just can accelerate the speed of electrocardio match and increase Hermite function fitting exponent number, obtain better ecg wave form.By transmitting the index of these code books, recover the signal of transmission at receiving end.Owing to jointly control the code rate of information source end and the Error Control of channel adaptively, it can be applicable in the changeable channel circumstance more simultaneously, reach the effect that message source and channel jointly controls.
Claims (5)
1. the electrocardio signal transmission method based on adaptive codebook is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, the standard cardioelectric simulating signal that body surface is collected obtains digital electrocardiosignal successively behind amplifier and analog to digital converter, digital electrocardiosignal is carried out pre-service, obtains the original electrocardiographicdigital signal;
Step 2 adopts difference threshold method and wavelet analysis method that monitor signal is carried out QRS wave group, P ripple and T ripple and carries out certification mark, obtains the start-stop position of QRS wave group, P ripple and T ripple respectively;
Step 3, utilize fixed codebook and adaptive codebook to generate synthetic electrocardiosignal, criterion with the weighted mean square error minimum of synthetic electrocardiosignal and original electrocardiographicdigital signal, adjust the code vector of selecting in adaptive codebook and the fixed codebook, and, the address of this code vector, the gain parameter of fixed codebook one-level adaptive codebook are sent to receiving end through quantization encoding by transmitting terminal with the code vector replacement residual signals of selecting;
Step 4, receiving end adopts the code book identical with transmitting terminal, finds this code vector to be multiplied by corresponding gain coefficient again according to the code vector address, the excitation composite filter, the electrocardiosignal that obtains synthesizing realizes that the message source and channel of electrocardiosignal jointly controls transmission.
2. the electrocardio signal transmission method based on adaptive codebook according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described pre-service is meant: adopt successively and eliminate the 50Hz power frequency interference in the digital electrocardiosignal, near power frequency interference and the baseline wander below the 0.7Hz the 100Hz frequency multiplication by the method for low-pass filter and Hi-pass filter.
3. the electrocardio signal transmission method based on adaptive codebook according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fixed codebook and the synthetic electrocardiosignal of adaptive codebook generation of utilizing is meant: the start-stop position of QRS wave group, P ripple and the T ripple that obtains in fixed codebook that the parameter of utilizing the Hermite curve fitting to obtain is set up and the adaptive codebook integrating step two generates synthetic electrocardiosignal and is meant, is specially:
Wherein: P (t), QRS (t), T (t) are respectively QRS wave group, P ripple, T ripple, and (t σ) is the Hermite functional form, c to φ
nThe parameter that obtains for match.
4. the electrocardio signal transmission method based on adaptive codebook according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described code vector is meant: adaptive codebook that adjustment obtains under the criterion of weighted mean square error minimum and the code vector in the fixed codebook.
5. the electrocardio signal transmission method based on adaptive codebook according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described transmitting terminal is estimated channel at every turn after sending successfully, and adjusted the match speed of sign indicating number information source electrocardiosignal and the exponent number of fitting function.
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| CN103110417A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-05-22 | 华东师范大学 | Automatic electrocardiogram recognition system |
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| CN111839520A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-10-30 | 华中科技大学 | Human respiration monitoring method and device based on CSI signal power response autocorrelation |
| CN113197584A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 扬州大学 | QRS wave group identification method based on difference zero-crossing detection method |
| CN113288169A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-24 | 东软集团股份有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for identifying waveform of electrocardiographic waveform signal |
| CN113381767A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 河北省科学院应用数学研究所 | Method, terminal and storage medium for electrocardiogram data compression |
| CN113381767B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-08-26 | 河北省科学院应用数学研究所 | Method, terminal and storage medium for electrocardiogram data compression |
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