CN101793561A - 用于红外电子温度计的探针罩 - Google Patents

用于红外电子温度计的探针罩 Download PDF

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CN101793561A
CN101793561A CN201010145838A CN201010145838A CN101793561A CN 101793561 A CN101793561 A CN 101793561A CN 201010145838 A CN201010145838 A CN 201010145838A CN 201010145838 A CN201010145838 A CN 201010145838A CN 101793561 A CN101793561 A CN 101793561A
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J·E·普赖斯
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Kandele Health 529 Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02Constructional details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0022Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0022Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
    • G01J5/0025Living bodies
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02Constructional details
    • G01J5/021Probe covers for thermometers, e.g. tympanic thermometers; Containers for probe covers; Disposable probes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02Constructional details
    • G01J5/0265Handheld, portable
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02Constructional details
    • G01J5/06Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
    • G01J5/064Ambient temperature sensor; Housing temperature sensor; Constructional details thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02Constructional details
    • G01J5/08Optical arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02Constructional details
    • G01J5/08Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0887Integrating cavities mimicking black bodies, wherein the heat propagation between the black body and the measuring element does not occur within a solid; Use of bodies placed inside the fluid stream for measurement of the temperature of gases; Use of the reemission from a surface, e.g. reflective surface; Emissivity enhancement by multiple reflections

Abstract

本发明涉及红外温度计及其探针罩。一种具有红外传感器的电子温度计为适于获取患者口中温度的类型。该温度计可以直接观测身体组织或者具有可快速加热以与身体组织的温度平衡的尖端。该尖端由红外传感器观测。本发明还公开了用于间接测量温度的具有金属化尖端的探针罩。

Description

用于红外电子温度计的探针罩
本申请为申请号为200710109714.6的、申请日为2007年4月20日的、发明名称为“用于红外电子温度计的探针罩”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及温度计,更具体地涉及适合在口部进行体温测量的红外温度计。
背景技术
在健康护理领域,电子温度计已经广泛地用于测量患者体温。典型的电子温度计具有带细长杆的探针形式。电子温度传感器例如热敏电阻或其它的温度敏感元件容纳在杆部分内。在一种型式中,探针包括位于其远端的杯状的铝尖。热敏电阻在探针内部放置成与铝尖热接触。当远端部放置在例如患者口腔中的时候,尖端通过患者体加热,并且热敏电阻测量该尖端的温度。连接到电子传感器构件的附加电子装置可以容纳在例如通过金属线连接到杆部分的基部单元内,或者可以容纳在杆部分的手柄内。电子构件接收来自传感器构件的输入,以计算患者的温度。然后该温度通常显示在可视输出设备例如七段数字显示设备上。已知电子温度计的附加特征包括听觉上的温度等级通知,例如嘟嘟声或者调和音报警信号。典型地,在杆部上通常装有一次性罩或套,并且处于卫生的原因在每次使用温度计后将一次性罩或套丢弃。
电子温度计相比传统温度计具有许多优势,并且在健康护理领域实际上已经取代了传统玻璃温度计的使用。电子温度计相对于传统玻璃温度计的一个优点是获取温度读数的速度。多种方法可用于促进对象温度的快速测量。所用的一种技术是使用预测算法作为温度计逻辑的一部分,以从与尖端接触的热敏电阻推断出温度测量值,从而在尖端达到与体温平衡之前获得温度读数。可以与预测算法同步使用的另一种技术是将探针加热至接近体温,以使探针的远离尖端的部分不会作为吸热部分,从而允许尖端更快地达到接近体温的温度。加热可以通过放置成与探针接触的热敏电阻来完成。另一个用于控制加热的热敏电阻可放置成与探针接触,以测量电阻加热探针的量。还已知使用绝缘体,以减少从尖端到探针其它部分的热损失。
希望在传统电子温度计基础上进一步改进。特别地,由于必须放置在探针内的各种小构件,所以电子温度计的组装很复杂。而且,虽然电子温度计尤其是相比传统玻璃温度计来说快速地提供了体温测量,但还需要更快的速度。另外,为了快速获取温度,会对探针进行加热,这导致电池的功率消耗。此外,快速温度测量还依赖于预测算法的使用,这增加了温度计的复杂性。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面中,用于测量物体温度的红外电子温度计一般包括适于示出由该温度计测得的温度的显示器,和具有内部结构(interior)的细长探针杆。安装在该探针杆上且定位于探针杆内部结构上的红外传感器操作性地连接到显示器,以在显示器和探针之间进行电子通信。该红外传感器能够发送代表所测得的温度的信号。安装在探针杆上并通常位于探针杆远端的探针尖端适于快速平衡到与探针尖端热接触的物体的温度相应的温度。红外传感器设置用于测量来自探针尖端的红外辐射。
在本发明的另一方面中,用于测量物体温度的非鼓膜式电子温度计一般包括适于示出由温度计测得的温度的显示器。探针包括具有内部结构的细长探针杆和位于该杆远端的探针尖端。探针杆的长度与直径的比至少为约3。红外辐射传感器适于接收红外辐射,并提供代表物体温度的信号。温度传感器操作性地与显示器进行电子通信,以将代表温度的信号发送到显示器。
在本发明的又一方面中,对物体温度进行间接测量的方法一般包括将包括探针尖端的电子温度计探针放置成与物体接触。允许从物体到探针尖端的热传输快速地将该探针尖端加热到平衡温度,并且用封闭在该探针的探针杆中的传感器感测来自该尖端的红外辐射。产生与传感器检测到的探针尖端温度相应的信号。该信号使传感器与电子温度计的显示器通信。所检测到的温度显示在显示器上。
在本发明的再一方面中,用于红外电子温度计的探针罩通常包括具有一开口端和一闭合端的总体为管状的体部。该体部的大小和形状确定成用于通过开口端将红外电子温度计的探针接纳到该体部中。该体部包括位于该体部所述闭合端的黑体部分。黑体部分由这样的材料形成,即,该材料能快速平衡到与要通过电子温度计的传感器观测的物体的温度相应的温度,以测量该物体的温度。
其它目的和特点的一部分是显而易见的,一部分将在下文中指出。
附图说明
图1是红外电子温度计的透视图;
图1A是温度计的框图表示;
图2是温度计的探针的透视图;
图2A是示出探针接纳在患者口部中的示意性透视图;
图3是示出第一实施例的构造的探针内部构件的示意性局部正视图;
图4是第二实施例的探针的示意性局部正视图;
图5是探针罩的透视图;
图6是类似图4但示出探针上的探针罩的放大的局部正视图;
图7是类似图4但示出第三实施例的探针及探针罩的放大的局部正视图;以及
图8是示出第四实施例的构造的探针内部构件的示意性局部正视图。
附图中相应的标号标识相应的部件。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,尤其是图1和图2,根据本发明原理构造的电子温度计总体以1标识。该电子温度计包括总体以3标识的温度计算单元,该温度计算单元的大小和形状确定成适于舒适地把持在手H中。计算单元3(广义地,“基部单元”)通过螺旋电线5连接到探针7(总体标识其对象的标号)。可以认识到,计算电子装置可以组合到探针中,从而可以省去分离的基部单元和连接电线。探针7构造成用于接触对象(例如,患者)并将代表温度的信号发送到计算单元3。计算单元3接收来自探针7的信号并用它们来计算温度。在计算单元3的壳体9中包括用于执行这些计算的合适的电路系统,例如可编程微控制器8。该电路系统将计算后的温度显示在壳体9前端的LCD显示器11上。计算单元3中的微控制器8能进行校准,以将来自探针7的温度信号转换为待测对象的温度。在所述的实施例中进行的是直接温度测量。然而,可以理解的是,微控制器8可包括预测软件,以在从探针7输出到微控制器的温度信号进入稳态之前提供展现在显示器11上的温度读数。如本领域普通技术人员可以认识到的一样,在显示器11上能根据需要显示其它信息。用于操作温度计1的按钮面板11A刚好位于显示器11的上方。
壳体9包括通常位于壳体背面的隔间(未示出),该隔间能够将探针7的远端部分接纳到壳体中,以在探针不使用时保持探针并使远端部分与环境隔离。图1示出探针7正被另一个手H1从隔间拉出以准备使用。壳体9还具有插口13,该插口接纳合适的容器,例如探针罩12(见图2)的纸盒C。使用中,移去纸盒C的顶部,从而露出探针罩的开口端。探针7的远端部可插入到纸盒C的开口端,并且其中一个探针罩12能够可释放地固定在环形槽14中。推动器15定位在探针7的手柄17与探针杆19的接合处。当探针杆19的远端部例如插入患者口腔中时(图2A),罩12可保护探针杆免受污染。为了插入口腔或其它更大的腔(例如,直肠)中,探针杆19相对地长和细。例如在一个实施例中,探针杆的长度与直径的比至少为约3,在另一个实施例中,该比至少为约6,在又一实施例中,该比至少为约12,以及在再一实施例中该比为约18。从探针杆离开探针柄17并处于槽14上方的位置到从中伸出金属尖端29的探针远端计算为探针长度。探针杆19的直径沿其长度通常是恒定的,但也可使用平均或中间直径来计算非恒定直径探针杆的长度与直径的比。可按压探针手柄17上的按钮21以使推进器15向前移动,以从探针杆19上释放探针罩12。使用之后,将探针罩12丢弃。可使用锁定和释放探针罩的其它方式而不会脱离本发明的范围。
本发明的一个方面涉及温度感测布置,该温度感测布置感测红外辐射以获取体温(例如图2A)。虽然本发明的优选实施例是用于获取体温,然而可以理解,本发明的原理可以应用到测量“物体”的温度,无论该物体是活体或其它物体。而且,被测物体可以是固体、液体或气体。在图3示出的第一实施例中,探针7的内部构件包括温度传感器25、波导管27以及锥形金属尖端29(总体标识其对象的标号)。在所示出的实施例中,尖端29由铝制成,但在本发明的范围内也可以使用其它材料(包括非金属)。这些元件由探针杆19(在图3中未示出)支承。金属尖端29安装在探针杆19的远端并通过与口腔中的组织接触来加热。金属尖端29具有高热传导性、低热容和低质量,并且其形状选择成能够快速升温至与尖端热接触的身体组织的温度。尖端29的锥形形状增加其发射能力并减少对红外辐射的反射。从被加热的金属尖端29发射的红外辐射被内部具有反射材料(例如,一层金)的波导管27接收。波导管27沿其长度以最小耗损将红外辐射传送到近端,在此该辐射冲击在温度传感器25上。该温度传感器包括与波导管27近端相邻地定位的热电堆31形式的热电效应传感器。可以理解,可以使用其它热电效应传感器(未示出),例如热电传感器、微辐射测量仪、或其它不采用热电效应的传感器,而不会脱离本发明的范围。
热电堆31发射出对应于相对“冷接点”的“热接点”温度的电压。该热电堆包括串联连接的多个单独的热电偶(未示出)。每个热电偶具有冷接点和热接点。参见于1988年2月2日授权的Junkert等人的美国专利No.4,722,612。热接点典型地由红外辐射照射在其上的小黑体(“靶区”)形成。该黑体快速加热到与辐射出红外辐射的物体的温度相应的温度。热电堆31产生代表冲击在其上的红外辐射量的模拟输出信号(电压)。本发明所示的实施例设计为感测由金属尖端29发射的红外辐射,该红外辐射与人体口腔中生物表面组织的温度相关。可以理解,在本发明范围内,包含本发明原理的温度计可用于测量身体上其它位置(例如,直肠、腋窝等)的组织温度。
温度传感器25还包括以合适的方式固定到热电堆31或结合在该热电堆中的第二传感器。第二传感器产生代表热电堆31温度的模拟输出信号(电阻)。一种适合该目的的传感器是热敏电阻33。第二传感器或者热敏电阻33有时被称为环境传感器,因为其有效地测量在其中使用温度计1的室内环境温度,并由此有效地测量热电堆31的温度。在所示的实施例中,在从热电堆的输出信号确定实际体温中有必要知道热电堆31的温度。温度传感器25优选地封闭在探针杆19内。在使用温度计时,在金属尖端29和探针杆19上接纳探针罩12。探针罩12安装在探针7的远端并通过环形槽14可释放地保持在探针杆19中。在下文针对温度计的第二实施例中将更详细地描述探针罩12。
管状波导管27放置成与热电堆31的观察孔邻近。优选的是,波导管27为内部直径镀金的黄铜或者铜,以在光谱的红外区域即在8-12微米波长区域中实现最大可能的反射率。
现在参考图4,第二实施例的探针(总体上以107标识)示出为包括探针杆119和安装在该探针杆(仅示出其局部部分)远端中的金属尖端129。探针107的相应于第一实施例的探针7的部件以相同的标号加上“100”给出。与第一实施例的探针7不相同的是,没有波导管27,并且温度传感器125通过衬圈126安装在靠近探针杆远端的探针杆119内。因而,从金属尖端129发射的红外辐射被温度传感器125的热电堆(未示出)直接观测,并不通过任何中间结构(例如,波导管)就传送到温度传感器。热电堆的锥形视场FV在图4中示出,并且在该视场与金属尖端的基部相交处,该视场与金属尖端129的基部等宽。为了使传感器125与口腔中的热隔离,该传感器放置成距离探针107的远端尽可能地远。在那种情况下,传感器125将具有窄视场,从而仅观测到尖端129。因而,热电堆能够观测到整个金属尖端129。在2003年12月10日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请系列No.10/480,428中,示出一个在鼓膜式温度计情况下靠近探针远端的温度传感器125的适当布置的例子,该专利申请的公开内容引用在此作为参考。这里可以使用相似的布置。温度传感器125的导线128延伸穿过探针杆119到达手柄(未示出)。可使用软性电路或其它合适的电连接结构。
现在参考图5和图6,总体以112标识的探针罩用于在使用中罩住探针杆119,以在插入口腔中时防止(例如,由唾液导致的)污染和可操作性的降低或损失。探针罩112包括管状体部116和封闭该管状体部一端的可延展薄膜118。薄膜118可由例如较低密度的塑料(例如,低密度聚乙烯(LDPE))制成,而管状体部116由较高密度的塑料(例如,高密度聚乙烯(HDPE))制成。如图5所示,在放置在探针杆119上之前,薄膜118基本正交地延伸越过管状体部的端面。当施加在探针杆119上时,薄膜118接合并在探针杆的金属尖端129上被拉伸。从而,当探针罩112安装到探针杆119上时,薄膜118精确地与金属尖端129的外表面形状一致。从而,有利于传导热从身体组织穿过薄膜118传送到金属尖端129。
图7示出探针207的第三实施例,该探针包括探针杆219和类似于图4-6中实施例的在靠近探针杆远端安装的温度传感器225。探针207的相应于探针107的部件以相同的标号加上“100”给出。第三实施例中,省去了金属尖端125。作为替代,探针杆219具有封闭其远端的透明窗口220。对于本发明而言,窗口220仅需要能透过红外辐射。在其它方面,探针207的构造可以与第二实施例的探针107相同。
第三实施例的探针罩212包括管状体部216和封闭该管状体部远端的薄膜218。管状体部216在其内部具有间隔件221(示出其中的两个),这些间隔件与探针杆219接合并使管状体部与探针杆219隔开。间隔件221可以具有其它构造、具有不同数量、或可以省去,而不会脱离本发明的范围。当完全安装在探针207上时,探针罩薄膜218(与第一、二实施例不同)不会接合到探针杆219的端部,而是沿轴向与探针杆的端部相隔开。薄膜的中心区域222具有沉积在其上的金属。可以理解,金属沉积物不一定需要定位在或限定在中心区域。例如,可以使整个薄膜金属化。金属中心区域222替代了前两个实施例中的金属尖端29、129。温度传感器225的热电堆的视场(未示出)包括中心区域222。中心区域可由其它具有高热传导性、低热容和低质量的材料形成。
图8示出第四实施例的探针的构件,这些构件包括温度传感器325、波导管327和透镜328。第四实施例的探针总体对应于第一实施例的探针7,因为这两种探针都具有波导管(27和327)。对应于第一实施例探针7的部件的第四实施例探针的部件以相同的标号加上“300”给出。在第四实施例中,来自身体组织(例如,口腔中的组织)的红外辐射由透镜聚焦到波导管327中。该波导管以与第一实施例中的波导管27基本上相同的方式将红外辐射传导到温度传感器325。从而在第四实施例中温度传感器325直接观测身体组织,而没有任何中间结构如金属尖端。
当介绍本发明或其优选实施例中的元件时,冠词“一”、“该”和“所述”用于指存在一个或多个元件。术语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”是包括性的,指除了所列出的元件外可以有其它元件。
如上所述,可以看到本发明的几个目的已经达到,并且取得了其它有利结果。
由于可对上述温度计及它们的使用方法进行多种变化而不会脱离本发明的范围,所以在上述说明书中包含和在附图中示出的所有要素应当解释为说明性的而不是限定性的。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于红外电子温度计的探针罩,该探针罩包括具有一开口端和一闭合端的总体为管状的体部,该体部的大小和形状确定成用于通过开口端将红外电子温度计的探针杆接纳到该体部中,该体部包括位于体部所述闭合端的黑体部分,黑体部分由这样的材料形成,即,该材料能快速平衡到与要通过电子温度计的传感器观测的物体的温度相应的温度,以测量该物体的温度,该传感器定位在所述探针杆内并位于所述黑体部分之后,
其中,所述探针罩还包括可延展薄膜,当施加在所述探针杆上时,所述探针罩与所述探针杆接合并在所述探针杆上延展,使薄膜的黑体部分与所述探针杆的形状精确地一致,以提供改进的通过传感器观测的从测量点经由薄膜的黑体部分的热传导,
其中,黑体部分的材料不同于管状体部剩余部分的材料,
其中,黑体部分的材料包括金属。
2.如权利要求1所述的探针罩,其特征在于,该探针罩还包括薄膜构件,其中,黑体部分由沉积在该薄膜上的金属限定。
3.如权利要求1所述的探针罩,其特征在于,黑体部分定位在薄膜构件的中心区域。
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HK1108294A1 (en) 2008-05-02
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US20090185598A1 (en) 2009-07-23
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EP1847820A3 (en) 2008-02-13
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