CN101709964B - Large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method - Google Patents
Large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method, comprising the following steps of: cleaning the wall surface of a grotto and lofting during site operation for setting three-dimensional coordinate points; setting laser gage points on divided rectangular breadths by using a laser gage and sequentially shooting the rectangular breadths with the laser gage points by using a digital video according to step lengths and breadths, wherein each shot image should cover four laser gage points; meanwhile, carrying out three-dimensional coordinate measurement and record on the laser gage points by using a prism-free total station; inputting the shot digital images to a computer for correction and splicing; and finally performing geological site interpretation and picture formation. The invention solves the problem that single picture can not be accurately positioned, corrected and spliced at fixed points in the traditional visual recording, and successfully realizes the organic combination with the general geological recording and realizes true geological recording which can be extensively applied to production and accords with regulations and specifications through utilizing picture or schematic diagram splicing to interpret on site and comprehensively describe after shooting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method, belong to the geological exploration technical field.
Background technology
In the construction work progress of underground chamber, need its tectonic structure and characteristic explored and edit and record.For a long time, the geologic prospecting of underground chamber is adopted and manually to be edited and recorded, and writes down geological phenomenon and feature in the mode of literal and sketch, and this recording mode not only workload is big, and poor accuracy, and easy drain message are directly perceived inadequately.For solving shortcomings such as traditional-handwork sketch geological record method mapping precision is relatively poor, visual the and comprehensive utilization effect of tool is not relatively poor, edit and record based on the visual geology of digital photogrammetry and in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, to carry out research in recent ten years always and attempt, be applied to large-scale slope project the earliest.Visual geology for underground chamber is edited and recorded, along with measurement, digital vedio recording development of technology, some gratifying achievements have been obtained, on range of application, mainly be side slope and middle-size and small-size cavern, on application mode, generally be based on ordinary digital camera and subject relation is positioned calculating, and the actual measurement by camera self image-forming principle error and correction theorize and carry out image with the experience reduction formula and become figure.In recent years, also at home and abroad there has been certain application some side slopes and cavern in editing and recording for full cross-sectional imaging in light section cavern and big section cavern 3 D laser scanning imaging technique.
But, because ordinary camera is a kind of non-measuring tool, these technology itself often all can not satisfy the geological record truly of rules standard fully, and exist some to make us the defective that can not be satisfied with: 1. image is only arranged, and the content of geological record is comprehensive inadequately; 2. bias toward the aftertreatment precision of image, and ignored the measured precision of geologic body itself relatively; 3. more hardware facility and complicated post processor often be unable to do without professional's operation; 4. cost is higher, and the human resources that take simultaneously are also more.These defectives cause visual editing and recording can't carry out large-scale promotion application.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art existence and a kind of large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method is provided, it combines digital camera, measurement and geologic record, it is comprehensive not only to edit and record content, and it is comparatively easy to edit and record process, is easy to apply.
The present invention for the technical scheme that problem adopted of the above-mentioned proposition of solution is:
Cavern's wall cleaning and site operation setting-out, the site operation setting-out comprises to be determined and Surveying Control Point and wall pile No., sets three-dimensional coordinate point;
Set the step-length that vertically moves that the cavern takes, by vertically moving step-length, the hole wall of each segmentation is divided into some rectangle breadths cavern's segmentation;
The rectangle breadth of dividing established with the laser dotter put the laser punctuate, each rectangle breadth is established and is put 4 or 4 above laser punctuates, 4 laser punctuates are positioned at four jiaos of each rectangle breadth, and longitudinally between the two adjacent rectangle breadths, 2 laser punctuates of last width of cloth rear side are 2 laser punctuates of a back width of cloth front side, between all two-phase neighbours' up and down rectangle breadth, 2 laser punctuates of a last width of cloth downside are 2 laser punctuates of next width of cloth upside;
Use Digital Video, the configuration lighting is taken establishing the rectangle breadth of putting the laser punctuate according to the order of sequence by step-length and breadth, and every width of cloth image of shooting should cover 4 laser punctuates, image form is greater than the rectangle breadth of being divided, be connected mutually by the laser punctuate up and down before and after adjacent each width of cloth image, promptly the image edge is overlapped, and camera lens keeps forward to take, constantly move forward by step-length, after having taken adjacent image, the laser punctuate alternately moves, and finishes until shooting; With the non-prism total powerstation laser punctuate is carried out three-dimensional coordinate measurement and record simultaneously;
Shot digital images is imported computing machine, cavern's image of gathering is proofreaied and correct and spliced by Computer Image Processing software;
To proofread and correct with spliced image is that base map carries out the geology site interpretation and becomes figure.
Press such scheme, the described step-length that vertically moves is 3～5 meters; The image form scope that every width of cloth is taken (4m～7.5m) * (3m～6m), include 4 or 4 above laser punctuates; Each side of rectangle breadth that the image form that every width of cloth is taken is divided relatively is along 0.3～0.6 meter of extension.
Press such scheme, described Digital Video is above digital vedio recording (photograph) machines of 5,000,000 pixels; The camera distance of video camera is 5～10 meters, and the high hat shot angle of camera lens was 0～15 ° when forward was taken, and the angle of taking a photograph downward is 0～5 °.1: 100 mapping precision＜1mm.
Press such scheme, described image rectification and splicing comprise: according to the image mosaic needs, write shooting coordinate points generator program, automatically in AutoCAD, generate the photo index map according to measuring achievement, adopt VPstudio or Geomap software, import the measurement point coordinate (at least 4) that clearly indicates in every width of cloth image (photo), realize the automatic geometric correction of image, image is converted to the orthophotoquad of target hole wall by the center imaging; Utilize and carry out enhancement process such as aberration, brightness and final layer and section splicing among the photoshop and be spliced to total figure, Geomap can realize the automatic splicing of two images.
Press such scheme, described geology site interpretation comprises with becoming figure: according to the shooting image indoor proofread and correct quick splicing after output as base map, again to on-the-spot comparison excavation face sketch main geological phenomenon sketch and geologic description, under situations such as time restriction or the covering in time of excavation face, can adopt conventional geological record and instrument to survey imaging carries out synchronously, finally compare field sketch vector in AutoCAD with the image (photo) of high-precision joining as base map again and change into figure, form the geology image line layout figure that comprises photographic intelligence.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1, in the shooting link, subject is carried out mark and introduce non-prism total station survey technology and measure by the laser dotter, the single width picture all can be realized 4 points (or more than) measurement and positioning, has broken through during conventional visualizationization is edited and recorded and can't individual picture accurately to have located the biggest problem that (setting up system coordinates) and fixed point are proofreaied and correct splicing; 2, take after, utilize splicing picture or sketch to carry out site interpretation and comprehensive description etc., successfully realized the combination with conventional geological record, but realized that large-scale application truly is in the geological record of producing, meet the rules standard; 3, the geology striograph truly, has objectively reproduced the geological phenomenon that the cavern excavation face is disclosed, and every all has with it corresponding three dimensional space coordinate by corresponding conversion among the figure, and data is convenient to permanent the preservation and comprehensive utilization.And can carry out the Analysis and Identification of geological informations such as lithology, rift structure trace, geology block and surrounding rock category intuitively by the high definition striograph, and further form other required various information of geology.Line is drawn the equal tool in arbitrfary point system's two dimension and three-dimensional coordinate on the striograph, can form the surface three dimension image in view of the above.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is shooting of the present invention and instrumentation plan.
Fig. 3 lays for the laser punctuate of one embodiment of the invention and image form is connected synoptic diagram, and solid line is represented the rectangle breadth divided, and round dot is the laser punctuate, and dotted line is represented the image form taken.
Fig. 4 is the geology image line layout figure of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
With the 3rd layer of pile No. 0+75～0+95 of certain main building downstream, underground power station wall, elevation 73～79m section, to edit and record wide ranges * height be that 20 * 6m is that embodiment is described as follows.
Step 1: operation is prepared
1, equipment special is prepared: 1. 1 one in high definition camera (5,000,000 pixels are above as SONY T700), 2. the non-prism total powerstation is (as 1 cover of Trimble (5000-series), measuring accuracy ± 2ppm, 3. iodine-tungsten lamp 1 cover (comprise iodine-tungsten lamp, special-purpose tripod, satisfy the dedicated illumination equipment such as electric wire of editing and recording the face length degree), 4. laser dotter (about 20), 5. 1 of 50m tape measure and recording chart etc.
2, scar flushing and construction lofting: with air pressure gun and clear water the excavation face is rinsed well, influence is taken the shelter of circuit and imaging and cleared up; Construction lofting comprises Surveying Control Point and wall pile No. mark, sets three-dimensional and makes punctuate.
3,, when excavation face spray concrete covers, require to reserve 1m left and right sides width and do not cover, to guarantee the complete splicing of image between adjacent layer with the adjacent bed junction for the ease of complete splicing between image.
Step 2: instrument is surveyed imaging
1, provide on the Surveying Control Point in unit in charge of construction, ornaments non-prism total powerstation 5 is prepared one-point measurement;
2, the about 5～10m parallel wall surface of distance excavation wall draws a tape measure 1, as the line of reference of parallel mobile photograph location;
3, set the step-length that vertically moves that the cavern takes, by vertically moving step-length, the hole wall of each segmentation is divided into some rectangle breadths cavern's segmentation;
4, put laser dotter 2: on wall, the rectangle breadth of dividing is carried out the punctuate layout and (put the laser dotter on ground, laser radiation forms fixed red shadow point to wall), the identification point that splices mutually as the geometric correction of imagery and adjacent image in the point that will survey coordinate and the cavern, each rectangle breadth is established and is put 4 laser punctuate (A, B, C, D), 4 laser punctuates are positioned at four angular vertexs of each rectangle breadth, specific layout is seen Fig. 3, begin to put the laser punctuate from pile No. 0+75, level interval 5m (consistent) with the construction pile No., vertical cloth dot spacing 3m, arrange 5 vertical 3 horizontal 15 the laser-marking points (needing 15 laser dotters) that amount to altogether, mark off the rectangle breadth;
5,, and adopt draw each point position and number synoptic diagram of plain pape with the three-dimensional coordinate of each laser-marking point of non-prism total powerstation point-to-point measurement;
6, digital filming: configuration lighting 3, take according to the order of sequence establishing the rectangle breadth of putting the laser punctuate by step-length and breadth, every width of cloth image of taking should cover 4 laser punctuates, image form is greater than the rectangle breadth of being divided, be 6 * 4m, be connected mutually by the laser punctuate up and down before and after adjacent each width of cloth image, be that the image edge is 0.5m, overlapped, video camera 4 camera lenses keep forward to take, constantly move forward by step-length, on the branch, two rows respectively take 48 altogether down, and following row from right to left, last row from left to right, need adjust the distance of taking a picture between point and wall when taking differing heights excavation face, the shooting distance of camera is 5～10 meters, and the high hat shot angle of camera lens was 0～15 ° when forward was taken the row's of going up image, the angle of taking a photograph downward that forward is taken camera lens when arranging image down is 0～5 °, parallel then moving, photograph website and light should be positioned at the centre of getting the shadow scope, the same moved further of light.It is 5 * 3m that single image is edited and recorded scope, and actual photographed is got the shadow scope and respectively exceeded about 0.5m control by the edge, promptly get the shadow scope and be roughly 6 * 4m, and the about 1m of overlapping scope (Fig. 3) between adjacent photo, laser spots all is positioned at overlapping scope, so that splicing.Take adjacent image after having taken above-mentioned image again, the laser punctuate alternately moves, and finishes until shooting.
Step 3: computer image is handled
After on-the-spot instrument survey imaging is finished, numeral (number) the image input computing machine with taking, carry out the geometric correction of imagery and splicing processing:
1, converting photograph image identification point three-dimensional coordinate to the cavern coordinate system, is benchmark with cavern's design size generally, obtains cavern's coordinate (horizontal pile No. of two-dimensional coordinate and elevation) of each punctuate on the image;
2, according to four the actual cavern of punctuate coordinates on every image, adopt VPstudio to carry out the geometric correction of imagery (correction), every central projection image is transformed into the orthogonal projection image;
3, image enhancement process and segmentation splicing: image is subjected to the influence of dust and light in the cavern, and difference to some extent on the color utilizes PhotoShop to carry out enhancement process such as image aberration, brightness.At PhotoShop the image joint of editing and recording the same day is become a striograph then, during adjacent photomosaic, as splicing between first and second image among Fig. 3, A, B punctuate are two image concurrent signs, and other photograph image splicing principle is identical.On image, indicate pile No. and elevation according to the coordinate of each punctuate after branch has spliced, be convenient to the general image splicing.Print after image mosaic is finished and publish picture, as the base map of the on-the-spot GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION of geological personnel.
4, be spliced to total figure
After the segmentation splicing is finished, total figure is opened,, branch's photograph image is spliced on total figure, according to the color of total figure segmented image is adjusted again by pile No. and elevation.
Step 4: GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION with become figure
1, image spot GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
Geology person is that base map is (for the purpose of quick with the photographic images, sometimes be uncorrected splicing figure), on image, delineate main geological phenomenon with the comparison of scene excavation face, the geological informations such as formation lithology (comprising vein), tomography, crack, weak intercalated layer, unfavorable structural plane combination block that the draw rower of going forward side by side is annotated, again its occurrence, proterties, scale etc. are measured and describe, finish the geological record sketch of corresponding excavation face.
2, the digitized video line layout figure becomes figure
The digitized video line layout figure carries out indoor, and instrument is surveyed the image picture do geometry correction and enhancing and splicing and handle back comparison on-site editing, recording sketch, in AutoCAD, be that background vector changes into figure with this picture.One-tenth figure information comprises formation lithology, structure (containing occurrence), rock mass structure, hydrogeology, surrounding rock category, geology block etc., and the partial image line layout figure that this flow process is finished is Fig. 4.
Claims (5)
1. a large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method is characterized in that
Cavern's wall cleaning and site operation setting-out, the site operation setting-out comprises to be determined and Surveying Control Point and wall pile No., sets three-dimensional coordinate point;
Set the step-length that vertically moves that the cavern takes, by vertically moving step-length, the hole wall of each segmentation is divided into some rectangle breadths cavern's segmentation;
The rectangle breadth of dividing established with the laser dotter put the laser punctuate, each rectangle breadth is established and is put 4 or 4 above laser punctuates, 4 laser punctuates are positioned at four jiaos of each rectangle breadth, and longitudinally between the two adjacent rectangle breadths, 2 laser punctuates of last width of cloth rear side are 2 laser punctuates of a back width of cloth front side, between all two-phase neighbours' up and down rectangle breadth, 2 laser punctuates of a last width of cloth downside are 2 laser punctuates of next width of cloth upside;
Use Digital Video, the configuration lighting is taken establishing the rectangle breadth of putting the laser punctuate according to the order of sequence by step-length and breadth, and every width of cloth image of shooting should cover 4 laser punctuates, image form is greater than the rectangle breadth of being divided, be connected mutually by the laser punctuate up and down before and after adjacent each width of cloth image, promptly the image edge is overlapped, and camera lens keeps forward to take, constantly move forward by step-length, after having taken adjacent image, the laser punctuate alternately moves, and finishes until shooting; With the non-prism total powerstation laser punctuate is carried out three-dimensional coordinate measurement and record simultaneously;
Shot digital images is imported computing machine, cavern's image of gathering is proofreaied and correct and spliced by Computer Image Processing software;
To proofread and correct with spliced image is that base map carries out the geology site interpretation and becomes figure;
Described image rectification and splicing comprise: according to the image mosaic needs, write shooting coordinate points generator program, automatically in AutoCAD, generate the image index map according to measuring achievement, adopt VPstudio or Geomap software, import the measurement point coordinate that clearly indicates in every width of cloth image, realize the automatic geometric correction of image, image is converted to the orthophotoquad of target hole wall by the center imaging; Utilize and carry out aberration, brightness enhancement process and final layer and section splicing among the photoshop and be spliced to total figure, Geomap realizes the automatic splicing of two images;
Described GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION comprises with becoming figure: according to the shooting image indoor proofread and correct quick splicing after output as base map, again to on-the-spot comparison excavation face sketch main geological phenomenon sketch and geologic description, finally compare field sketch vector in AutoCAD with the image of high-precision joining as base map again and change into figure, form the geology image line layout figure that comprises image information.
2. by the described large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the described step-length that vertically moves is 3～5 meters; Image form scope 4m～7.5m * 3m～6m that every width of cloth is taken includes 4 or 4 above laser punctuates; Each side of rectangle breadth that the image form that every width of cloth is taken is divided relatively is along 0.3～0.6 meter of extension.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording methods, it is characterized in that described Digital Video is the above Digital Video of 5,000,000 pixels; The camera distance of video camera is 5～10 meters, and the high hat shot angle of camera lens was 0～15 ° when forward was taken, and the angle of taking a photograph downward is 0～5 °.
4. by the described large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method of claim 1, it is characterized in that sketch sketch and geologic description of described on-the-spot comparison excavation face is to delineate with the comparison of scene excavation face to carry out geological record on image, annotate by the formation lithology that draws on the figure, tomography, crack, weak intercalated layer, the unfavorable structural plane combination block geological information rower of going forward side by side, again its occurrence, proterties, scale are measured and describe, finish the geological record sketch of corresponding excavation face.
5. by the described large-scale grotto instrument-measuring imaging visual geological recording method of claim 1, it is characterized in that geology image line layout figure image information comprises formation lithology, structure, rock mass structure, hydrogeology, surrounding rock category and geology block.
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| CN113222412A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-06 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Side slope geological logging method and device |
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