CN101606390B - 用于带宽约束网络上的快速频道改变的方法、解码方法和解码装置 - Google Patents

用于带宽约束网络上的快速频道改变的方法、解码方法和解码装置 Download PDF

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CN101606390B
CN101606390B CN2008800047388A CN200880004738A CN101606390B CN 101606390 B CN101606390 B CN 101606390B CN 2008800047388 A CN2008800047388 A CN 2008800047388A CN 200880004738 A CN200880004738 A CN 200880004738A CN 101606390 B CN101606390 B CN 101606390B
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transmission rate
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乔舒亚·伯纳德·伽木
戴维·R·奥兰
卡皮尔·沙玛
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    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/115—Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
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    • H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
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    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/188—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a video data packet, e.g. a network abstraction layer [NAL] unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
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Abstract

在一个实施例中，缓冲服务器传输使用帧间压缩技术编码后的数据的动态突发传输。该动态突发传输是这样定时的，其使得初始传输速率在解码端点加入相应的数据流的同时或之前降低到剩余传输速率。解码端点将视频流与动态突发传输合并，以解码和快速重建可显示的视频帧。

Description

用于带宽约束网络上的快速频道改变的方法、解码方法和解码装置
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及网络互联领域。 
背景技术
接收使用帧间压缩(inter-coded compression)技术进行编码的视频流的网络设备一般在加入视频流的时间和可以在本地重建可显示的视频帧的时间之间会经历延迟。这种延迟的原因在于下述事实：帧间编码帧(inter-coded frame)(例如在运动图片专家组2(MPEG-2)编码的情况下的P和B帧)在接收到第一个帧内编码帧(intra-coded frame)(例如在MPEG-2编码的情况下的I帧)之前无法被用于重建可显示的视频帧。 
因此，当机顶盒响应于用户请求频道改变或对机顶盒加电而加入帧间编码视频流时，机顶盒开始接收经压缩的帧数据。随后，机顶盒必须等到可获得第一个帧内编码帧才能重建可显示的视频帧。对于这种重建延迟的部分解决方案是存在的，但是这些解决方案一般要求在从视频流的源扩展到机顶盒的整个网络路径上有大量可用带宽。下面公开的内容可以解决这个以及其他问题。 
附图说明
图1示出用于允许解码端点在加入视频流之后快速输出可显示的视频帧的示例性系统。 
图2示出图1所示缓冲服务器的示例。 
图3示出由图2中的缓冲服务器发送的动态突发传输的示例。 
图4示出用于使用图2所示的缓冲服务器的示例性方法。 
具体实施方式
概述 
在一个实施例中，缓冲服务器传输使用帧间压缩技术编码的数据的动态突发传输(dynamic burst transfer)。动态突发传输被定时，以使得初始传输速率能够在解码端点加入相应的数据流的同时或之前减小到剩余传输速率。解码端点将视频流和动态突发传输合并，以解码并快速重建可显示的视频帧。 
描述 
下面将参考附图来描述本发明的若干优选示例。本发明的各种其他示例也是可能的并且可应用的。本申请可以按很多不同形式举例，并且不应被理解为局限于这里给出的示例。 
上述附图示出了本发明的优选示例以及这些示例的操作。在附图中，框体的大小不代表各个物理组件的大小。当相同元件出现在多个附图中时，在其出现的所有附图中都使用相同的标号来指示该元件。当两个元件以不同方式操作时，无论这两个元件是否是同类网络设备，都使用不同的标号。 
这里仅仅示出和描述各个单元中有助于本领域技术人员理解本发明的示例所必需的那些部分。未示出的其他部分和元件是传统的且本领域公知的。 
图1示出用于允许解码端点在加入视频流之后快速输出可显示的视频帧的示例性系统。 
参考图1，系统100包括网络102，其通过链路107(例如数字订户线路(DSL))向诸如机顶盒108或其他网络设备的解码端点提供视频内容。视频源104向耦合到网络102的多个解码端点(例如数千个解码端点(未示出))多播视频流103或其他数据流。视频流103包括具有序号的分组或其他数据，所述序号可被端点用于将接收到的数据放入其原始顺序中以及限制重复。包括机顶盒108在内的多个端点中的每一个通过发送加入请求来加入视频流103。加入视频流103可以响应于用户改变频道或开启机顶盒108而发生。 
机顶盒108向接收并存储视频流103的缓冲服务器105发送对于突发 传输的请求。缓冲服务器105包括软件109，用于将包含来源于同样在缓冲服务器105上接收到的视频流103的数据的动态突发传输106传回发出请求的机顶盒108。动态突发传输106由软件109所配置，用于允许机顶盒108以最小延迟重建可显示的帧，同时允许机顶盒108在其已经加入视频流103之后将该流与动态突发传输106合并。 
动态突发传输106开始于帧内编码帧的起点，该起点可被机顶盒108用于在加入从视频源104发送的视频流103之后快速重建可显示的帧。由动态突发传输106所使用的带宽量随时间变化，以防止当视频流103在同一链路107上并行接收时，由于突发的额外带宽而使链路107过饱和。因此，机顶盒108能够快速输出连续的帧序列，该帧序列从在加入视频流103时接收到的完整的帧内编码帧开始。 
在本示例中，视频源104和缓冲服务器105被示为单独的设备；但是，在其他示例中，可以由单个设备提供视频流103和动态突发传输106两者。虽然本示例示出用于接收视频流的机顶盒108，但是其他示例包括使用较早传输的帧来重建可显示的帧的任意网络设备，该网络设备接收使用帧间编码或任意类似技术编码的任意类型的数据流。 
图2示出图1所示缓冲服务器的示例。 
机顶盒108接收加入视频流的请求101，该请求可以在用户改变频道或开启机顶盒108时发生。响应于接收到加入视频流的请求101，机顶盒108向用于缓冲视频流的缓冲服务器105发送动态突发请求11。 
动态突发请求11被缓冲服务器105所接收，在本示例中，缓冲服务器105接收来自单独的设备的相应的视频流(在其他示例中，缓冲服务器105的功能可被集成到发起视频流的设备中)。软件109基于视频流和将机顶盒108连接到网络的链路(例如DSL链路)两者的特性来生成用于动态突发传输的参数19。 
第一平均突发传输速率30代表用于发送初始突发传输12的传输速率。参数19还包括将被包括在初始突发传输12中的最近发生的分组或其他信息片断的序号N，以及用于开始降低速率的突发传输14的转换时刻X。第二平均突发传输速率31代表用于发送突发传输14的降低的传输速 率，并且参数19还包括将被包括在降低速率的突发传输14中的最近发生分组的序号Z。 
如前所述，软件109使用DSL链路和视频流两者的特性来生成用于发送初始突发传输12和降低速率的突发传输14的参数19。DSL链路和视频流的特性可以由服务器105自动观察或使用输入10来手工提供。由软件109用于生成参数19的方法将参考图3来更详细地论述，并且如图3将示出的，该方法优选地将除了DSL链路和视频流的特性之外的其他变量也考虑在内。 
仍旧参考图2，机顶盒108接收回响应于动态突发请求11而发送的初始突发传输12。第一平均突发传输速率30是这样选择的，其所消耗的带宽量多于视频流速率所使用的带宽量并少于DSL链路上可用的总带宽。在本示例中，第一平均突发传输速率30消耗恒定的带宽量，但是在其他示例中，实际的传输速率可能不是严格恒定的，其满足该间隔期间的平均速率至少为视频流的速率并且不超过链路速率。 
机顶盒108向网络发送用于加入视频流的加入请求13。该加入请求13在时间T发送，时间T优选地是基于链路和视频流的特性来计算的，并且可以由缓冲服务器105或任意其他网络设备来计算。用于计算时间T的优选方法将参考图3来更详细描述。在本示例中，计算出的时间T被提供到机顶盒108，用于将加入请求13的发送与突发的速率降低以及随后的突发停止相协调。 
仍旧参考图2，在发送加入请求13的同时或稍后，初始突发传输12以序号N结束，并且使用第二平均突发传输速率31的降低速率的突发传输14被接收。换言之，速率改变的转换时刻X不迟于加入请求13可以使得来自视频流的数据开始出现在链路上的最早时间发生。这一特征避免了链路过饱和。降低速率的突发传输14除了速率低到足以避免在视频流分组来得有点太早的情况下链路饱和之外，继续提供帧内编码帧和其他数据。第二平均突发传输速率31是这样选择的，其使得在与视频流的速率组合时，消耗的带宽量少于DSL链路的总带宽。用于选择第二平均突发传输速率31以防止过饱和和不足(under-run)的优选方法将参考图3来 更详细论述。 
仍旧参考图2，机顶盒108随后加入多播视频流15。该视频流和降低速率的突发传输14一起消耗的带宽量不超过链路上可用的总带宽，因此可以防止数据丢失。在加入时间，机顶盒108已经具有完整的帧内编码帧，因此能够通过合并突发传输的数据和包括在视频流中的数据来重建可显示的帧。换言之，机顶盒108不会经历由于等待接收视频流上的第一个帧内编码帧而导致的延迟。 
图3示出由图2中的缓冲服务器发送的动态突发传输的示例。 
参考图3，动态突发传输29是相对于时间轴24和序号轴25示出的。同样还示出了线38，其代表由机顶盒处的解码器所处理的作为时间的函数的序号的上界(upper bound)，它是在视频流速率39之后的序号的量H。第一时段40发生在初始突发传输12(图2)被用于突发传输具有这些序号的分组时，其中分组的突发传输比它们被机顶盒解码的速率要快。第二时段41发生在降低速率的突发传输14(图2)被用于突发传输这些序号的分组时，其中分组的突发传输比解码速率慢得多。突发传输29的速率在转换时刻X降低。在转换时刻X，序号N是在机顶盒处接收的最近发生的序号。 
视频流被以速率R传输，该速率R由视频流速率39的斜率和解码输出速率38的斜率所反映。在第一时段40期间，动态突发传输29的第一平均传输速率30(图2)优选地被选为消耗这样的带宽量，其多于速率R所使用的带宽量并少于链路上可用的总带宽，其等于速率R和速率R与分数超额带宽量E的乘积之和。第二平均突发传输速率31(图2)优选地被选为消耗这样的带宽量，其不大于速率R与分数超额带宽量E的乘积。 
在时间0和时间C之间的所有时间，线38和39之间的距离对应于在机顶盒108上存储在缓冲器中的分组或其他数据的量(以序号表示)。如图所示，在第一时段40期间，存储在缓冲器中的分组量增大。相反，在第二时段41期间，缓冲器开始变空。当突发传输29完成时，缓冲器中的分组被完全消耗。 
用于发送加入请求的时间T取决于代表时间T和机顶盒加入视频流的实际时间之间所经过的时间的延迟范围。最小响应时间为量J。考虑到响应非常快的网络，J可被设为0。最大加入响应时间为量J’。量J和J’在计算用于发送加入请求的时间T时都应该被考虑到，以防止在突发传输29完成时发生数据不足和输出间隙(output gap)。 
当实际加入时间直到最近时间T+J’才发生时，视频流只提供具有大于Z的序号的分组或其他数据片断。因此，序号N到Z应该由突发传输提供。图中示出突发传输29的持续时间和速率是这样选择的，其使得使用突发传输来传输的最近发生的序号为序号Z。换言之，在时间C，机顶盒已经消耗了缓存中的所有数据并无缝地开始解码视频流。不需要由于等待第一个帧内编码帧所需的暂停；该数据已经在机顶盒加入流时被接收。 
从以上描述和图3可以提得到若干特性。突发传输29的第一时段40被设置为大于R但小于(1+E)R的速率。突发传输29的第二时段40在不迟于时间T加量J的时间上被设置为不大于ER的速率。用于发生加入请求的时间T是这样选择的，其使得机顶盒积累缓冲器积压量(bufferbacklog)以即使在时间T加上J’之前实际未接收到视频流时也足以防止数据不足。 
用于确定发送加入请求的时间T的等式如下： 
T = ( 1 - E ) E J ′ - J E + H ( 1 - E ) RE
计算出的用于发送加入请求的时间T取决于网络参数。例如，量J是发送加入请求和实际加入视频流之间经过的最小时间量，其取决于网络/服务器的响应特性。量J’是最大延迟时间，并且可能也与网络/服务器的响应特性相关。 
用于发送加入请求的时间T还取决于视频流以及被用于传输流的链路的特性。例如，速率R是用于视频流的传输速率。分数E是在接纳速率R的视频流之后，链路上可用的分数额外带宽量。例如，当链路能够发送120％的速率R所使用的带宽时，E等于0.2。当链路能够发送2*R时，E等于1。量H是视频流和帧内编码帧的在前起点位置之间的序号差。 
还可以提供用于配置优选的突发传输的形状和内容的示例性等式。下 面这些等式优选地被缓冲服务器用于确定突发传输的参数。一个等式示出用于识别时间C(其还指示突发传输持续时间)的方法，时间C是用于完成突发传输的时间： 
C = ( J ′ - J ) R + H ER
另一等式示出用于确定将使用第一平均传输速率来传输的最近发生的序号N的优选方法： 
N = ( 1 + E ) ( 1 - E ) E R ( J ′ - J + H R )
并且另一等式示出用于确定将使用第二平均传输速率来传输的最近发生的序号Z的优选方法： 
Z = ( J ′ - J ) R + H E
T的计算和突发传输的其他特性的确定可以由机顶盒、缓冲服务器或具有必要输入的任意其他实体来执行。本发明的实施例没有限制这些计算在何处执行或者如何将计算结果分发到机顶盒和缓冲服务器。此外，在某些应用中，H、J、J’、E和R的知识可以被分发并且不让将执行T和突发传输的特性的计算的实体知道。输入参数到执行计算的实体的传输以及结果到机顶盒和缓冲服务器的分发可以使用适当的协议来实现。 
虽然上述示例被描述为缓冲服务器接收视频流，然后重发已经发送的数据，但是上述方法在缓冲服务器提供在视频流上尚未发送的数据时同样可以很好地工作。换言之，针对在任意给定时刻什么数据被包括在多播视频流中而言，突发传输可以包括“过去的”数据或“未来的”数据。未来数据通常在缓冲服务器与发起数据流的设备是同一设备时被发送。 
图4示出用于使用图2所示的缓冲服务器的示例性方法。 
在框401中，缓冲服务器105接收来自将访问数据流的网络设备的动态突发请求，所述数据流通过使用帧间压缩技术或其他涉及在解码期间使用历史数据的压缩技术被编码。在框402中，缓冲服务器观察或识别将被访问的数据流和对应于网络设备的链路的特性。 
在框403中，缓冲服务器105使用数据流和链路的特性来确定初始传输速率和剩余传输速率。在框404中，缓冲服务器105识别用于从初始传 输速率转换到剩余传输速率的转换时刻。在框405中，缓冲服务器识别网络设备发送加入请求(其被提供到网络设备)的时间，该时间部分基于在发送加入请求之后接收视频流的延迟范围。 
在框406中，缓冲服务器105将初始突发传输发送回发送了该请求的网络设备。在框407中，在转换时刻，缓冲服务器105开始向网络设备发送剩余突发传输。网络设备因此能够将接收到的视频流与突发传输的数据合并，以在不具有由于等待帧内编码帧所导致的延迟的情况下快速解码和重建可显示的帧。 
上述用于实现在不具有由于等待帧内编码帧所导致的延迟的情况下的帧重建的方法可以与专利申请11/561,237所公开的用于“快速流加入”的修复方案结合使用，所述专利申请11/561,237通过引用被结合于此。 
为了便于说明，以上示例描述了基于序号或其他重排序指示而按顺序传输的数据。但是，数据实际上不一定被按顺序发送。例如，当将使用突发传输来发送的最近发生的数据包含序号Z时，该数据可能实际上在具有更早发生的序号的其他数据之前被发送。这种发送方式相对于按顺序发送可能具有某些优化特性。尽管如此，上述方法可同等地用于不按顺序传输数据的系统以及按顺序传输数据的系统。 
以上示例是针对以恒定速率发送视频流的情况来描述的，所述恒定速率被反映为作为时间的函数的序号的恒定增长速率。在其他示例中，视频流可能不是以恒定速率发送的。在这些情况下，可以使用不同于上述示例性等式的其他等式来计算第一平均传输速率、第二平均传输速率和转换时间。而且，在这些不以恒定速率发送视频流的其他示例中，在第一传输时段和第二传输时段期间的实际传输速率可能不是恒定的，但是相反可能以第一和第二传输间隔变化。 
以上示例在具有可忽略的恒定传输延迟的网络中可以最好地工作。为了便于说明，假设具有0传输延迟。网络抖动和其他网络异常可能需要对上述公式和方法进行调整。例如，高抖动可以通过故意高估J’或在确定转换时刻X之后使得实际转换时刻稍迟些发生来进行补偿。本领域技术人员将意识到，可以对上述等式和方法作出其他这样的调整。 
以上示例是针对解码视频流的机顶盒来描述的。在其他示例中，上述方法可被应用到解码视频流的另一网络设备，例如高清晰电视(HDTV)解码器、个人计算机、IP电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、蜂窝电话、智能电话等等。 
以上已经参考附图描述了若干优选示例。本发明的各种其他示例也是可能的并且可实施的。系统可以被示例为很多不同的形式，并且不应被理解为局限于上面提到的示例。 
这里仅仅示出和描述了各个单元中为了辅助本领域技术人员对示例的理解而必需的那些部件。未示出的那些部件和元件是传统的并且本领域公知的。 
上述系统可以使用执行某些或全部操作的专用处理器系统、微控制器、可编程逻辑器件或微处理器。上述操作中的某些操作可以由软件实现并且其他操作可以由硬件实现。 
为了方便，操作被描述为各种互联的功能块或不同的软件模块。但是，这不是必需的，并且可能存在这些功能块或模块被等同地汇聚到单个逻辑器件、程序或不具有清晰边界的操作中的情况。在任意情况下，功能块和软件模块或灵活接口的特征可以由它们本身来实现，或者可以以硬件或软件形式与其他操作组合实现。 
虽然已经在优选实施例中描述和示出了本发明的原理，但是应该理解，在不脱离这些原理的情况下，可以对本发明的布置和细节进行修改。我们要求保护落入所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的所有修改和变化。 

Claims (10)

1.一种用于带宽约束网络上的快速频道改变的方法，包括：
识别用于将突发传输发送到远程端点的链路的带宽能力，所述突发传输包括从视频流中提取出的数据，并且所述突发传输被格式化，以用于在所述远程端点处与所述视频流相结合以在所述远程端点上重建视频帧；
识别所述视频流的传输速率；
基于所述链路的带宽能力和所述视频流的传输速率来选择初始传输速率和剩余传输速率，其中所述初始传输速率的平均速率至少为所述视频流的速率但不超过所述链路的链路速率，所述剩余传输速率在与所述视频流的速率组合时消耗的带宽少于所述链路的总带宽；
识别从所述初始传输速率转换到所述剩余传输速率的转换时刻和所述远程端点发送加入所述视频流的加入请求的请求时间，其中所述转换时刻被选择为不迟于所述远程端点在发送加入所述视频流的加入请求之后加入所述视频流的时间发生，所述请求时间是基于所述链路的带宽能力和所述视频流的传输速率来确定的；
向所述远程端点发送用于标识所述请求时间的消息，以使所述远程端点在所述请求时间上发送所述加入请求以接收所述视频流；
以所述初始传输速率来发送所述突发传输的初始突发传输；以及
在所述转换时刻以所述剩余传输速率来发送所述突发传输的剩余突发传输，
其中所述剩余传输速率持续到所述远程端点已经消耗了缓存中的所有数据并无缝地开始解码所述视频流为止。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
识别包含使用所述突发传输的传输的最近发生序号的数据；并且
确定所述突发传输的持续时间，所述持续时间基于所述远程端点在发送加入所述视频流的所述请求之后接收到所述视频流的时间延迟范围。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中具有所述最近发生序号的数据在具有更早发生序号的其他被突发传输的数据之前被发送。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述视频流被从所述突发传输的相同发送源传输到所述远程端点。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述视频流使用运动图片专家组MPEG编码技术被编码，并且所述突发传输包括用于与使用所述视频流传输到所述远程端点的其他信息相组合的I帧信息。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
识别所述视频流和帧内编码帧的在前起点位置之间的序号差；并且
基于所述序号差来确定完成所述降低的后续传输速率的时间。
7.一种解码方法，包括：
向远程网络设备发送动态突发请求；
接收第一平均传输速率的初始突发传输；
发送加入视频流的加入请求到所述远程网络设备；
接收在预定的转换时间转换到的降低的第二平均传输速率的剩余突发传输；以及
将所述视频流和所述初始突发传输和剩余突发传输相结合，以输出用于显示在显示设备上的连续的图像帧序列，
其中所述第一平均传输速率和所述降低的第二平均传输速率是基于链路的带宽能力和所述视频流的传输速率的，其中所述第一平均传输速率至少为所述视频流的速率但不超过链路的链路速率，所述降低的第二平均传输速率在与所述视频流的速率组合时少于链路的总带宽，
所述预定的转换时间不迟于发送加入所述视频流的加入请求之后加入所述视频流的时间发生，并且发送加入视频流的加入请求的请求时间是基于链路的带宽能力和所述视频流的传输速率的，并且
所述降低的第二平均传输速率持续到执行该解码方法的装置已经消耗了缓存中的所有数据并无缝地开始解码所述视频流为止。
8.如权利要求7所述的解码方法，还包括：
将包括在所述初始突发传输和剩余突发传输中的帧内编码帧数据与通过所述视频流传输的其他数据相组合，以用于在本地重建可显示的视频帧。
9.一种解码装置，包括：
用于向远程网络设备发送动态突发请求的装置；
用于接收第一平均传输速率的初始突发传输的装置；
用于发送加入视频流的加入请求到所述网络设备的装置；
用于接收降低的第二平均传输速率的剩余突发传输的装置；以及
用于将所述视频流和所述初始突发传输和剩余突发传输相结合，以输出用于显示在显示设备上的连续的图像帧序列的装置，
其中所述第一平均传输速率和所述降低的第二平均传输速率是基于链路的带宽能力和所述视频流的传输速率的，其中所述第一平均传输速率至少为所述视频流的速率但不超过链路的链路速率，所述降低的第二平均传输速率在与所述视频流的速率组合时少于链路的总带宽，
所述预定的转换时间不迟于发送加入所述视频流的加入请求之后加入所述视频流的时间发生，并且发送加入视频流的加入请求的请求时间是基于链路的带宽能力和所述视频流的传输速率的，并且
所述降低的第二平均传输速率持续到所述解码装置已经消耗了其缓存中的所有数据并无缝地开始解码所述视频流为止。
10.如权利要求9所述的解码装置，还包括：
用于将包括在所述初始突发传输和剩余突发传输中的帧内编码帧数据与通过所述视频流传输的其他数据相组合，以用于在本地重建可显示的视频帧的装置。
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