CN101605010B - 射频通信的动态选择和调度 - Google Patents

射频通信的动态选择和调度 Download PDF

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CN101605010B
CN101605010B CN2009101417139A CN200910141713A CN101605010B CN 101605010 B CN101605010 B CN 101605010B CN 2009101417139 A CN2009101417139 A CN 2009101417139A CN 200910141713 A CN200910141713 A CN 200910141713A CN 101605010 B CN101605010 B CN 101605010B
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equipment
data
radio station
frequency
network node
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CN101605010A (zh
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利安·斯蒂尔伯格
查德·斯蒂尔伯格
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Abstract

本发明针对将数据(100)从源端(120)传送到远程设备(150)的系统和方法，其中，利用不同于源端(120)的网络节点(130)来选择频率和区域广播电台(140)(图1)。选择可以部分基于包括多个区域广播电台的可用RF频谱的调度参数。

Description

射频通信的动态选择和调度
本申请是申请号为02828313.9、申请日为2002年2月14日、名称为“射频通信的动态选择和调度”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本申请要求美国临时申请号60/351935的权益，其全部内容在此引入作为参考。
发明领域
本发明的领域是射频通信。
背景技术
通过无线电信号传送数据，对于位于信号覆盖范围内的多种设备的通信是一种有效的方式。广告商或其他数据(包括内容)提供者可以预选一种射频载波类型(如：FM副载波，AM副载波，蜂窝技术等)，广播电台(如KIIS FM)，和/或基于目标观众地理位置的广播数据的频率(如102.7MHz57kHz RBDS)。可以选择特定的频率是因为特定频率在目标观众的普及程度，其频谱的可用性，接收信号的类型或设备，重要的是因为其信号将覆盖(即到达)目标观众。
覆盖目标观众被认为是最基本的，而且由于许多射频(RF)通信应用的目标是位于相对较小的地理区域内的观众，所以通常覆盖不是问题。例如，通过预选频率对办公楼的所有区域广播音乐或新闻是常见的。频率预选和接收机对该频率的预调是相对较容易的过程。另一个在较小区域进行RF通信的例子是无线电控制汽车，设置该车接收在预选频率上的信号广播。但是另一个例子已经由Lowe等人的美国专利6298218(2001年10月)讲述。该专利以位于发射设备几英尺范围内的观众为目标。以体育俱乐部环境为例，根据用户设备接近装有发射机的特定体育器材，用户设备接收在不同频段上的不同广播。因此，那些以相对较小区域内的观众为目标的应用利用预选的频率和电台通常工作正常。但是，当目标观众分布在一个包含不止一个频率，电台，和/或波段的区域时，覆盖成为问题并出现混乱。这些混乱的部分原因是必须预选很多，可能是数百或数千个频率和电台来覆盖整个目标观众。因此，当目标观众分布广泛时，预选频率极其麻烦。
需要同时采用几个电台的技术已经由Martinez的美国专利4517562(1985年5月)提出，但是该专利仍然没能解决甚至没能认识到关于在大范围区域内安排和协调通信的困难的问题。这些问题由于可用RF频谱的竞争或者可能由于数据提供者和数据接收者之间的距离而恶化。
需要促进使用无线电信号来与分布在相对较大地区的设备进行通信的系统和方法。
发明概述
本发明针对将数据从一个源端传送到一个远程设备的系统和方法，在远程设备中利用不同于源端的网络节点来选择频率和区域广播电台。可以部分基于包括多个区域广播电台的RF频谱的可用性的调度参数进行选择。优选的实施例利用AM和FM的副载波波段、TV、卫星、以及蜂窝波段。
应当理解的是本发明的主旨尤其益于远程提供额外的功能和内容，以及远程修补和更新软件。额外所预期的用途包括限定功能性，远程程序设计，提供币值(如更新借计卡)，提供包括广告(如向智能卡或数字广告牌)和动作&音频指令的动态内容，提供用户器具的定位(关于日期、时间等等)，提供自定位指令(位置信息)，远程增强产品特征，以及提供给出产品无限的动态行为的命令(如闹钟蜂音声、玩具动作&声音、以及始终变化的日期的数字日历图像)。
通过以下方法可以有益于一个远程设备的消费者或用户：允许用户认识到该远程设备的邮购价值；确保远程设备的最新状态，允许远程确定故障和潜在的故障；通过在购买时无需包括所有的特征或数据降低远程设备的成本；以及降低更新远程设备的成本。反过来，制造商也可以受益，因为他们能够从软件发展时间线中分离出硬件发展时间线，实现重新产生的收入，以及向他们的用户提供较为不快过时的动态产品。
从下面关于本发明的优选实施例的详细描述和附图中，将更易于理解本发明的各种对象、特征、方面和优点，附图中相同的附图标记代表相同部分。
附图说明
图1是显示基本的数据流的示意图。
图2是一个使用桥式芯片的实施例的示意图。
图3是一种调度系统和方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
首先请参照图1，一个数据100的基本流程包括源端120、网络节点130、区域广播电台140、以及远程设备150。
可以将源端120定义为任何向网络节点130提供数据以向远程设备150传送的实体。虽然优选类别的源端是制造商或远程设备的提供者，应当理解的是这不是一种限制。源端可以是远程设备的用户，或与远程设备的制造、销售或出售没有直接关系的诸如广告代理的第三方。源端可以仅为期望将信息传到远程设备的实体。许多预期的源端中有远程设备的制作商、销售商和零售商，广告商，新闻服务，娱乐场，汽车经销商，以及软件公司。
网络节点130通常包括多个服务器，服务器优选为基于WEB的(即被连接到因特网)和集中式的，但是甚至可以是分布式。服务器，包括RAID驱动器，可以在地理上分布和镜像。
一种设备是否被分类为网络节点130通常取决于功能性。既然调度广播和选择频率是网络节点130的功能，不考虑其他如位置的因素，根据定义，调度广播和选择频率的设备是网络节点。比如，在区域广播电台处选择频率的设备为网络节点130。网络节点的一些附加的功能有：选择广播频率；选择区域的广播电台；管理广播；管理服务器上的数据；管理区域广播电台处的数据；在区域广播电台处进行另外的和选择性的调度；向区域广播电台传输数据；在网络节点和区域广播电台处将数据编码为射频信号；将设备作为目标(如，通过序列号，批号，位置，人口统计信息，心理信息，元数据参数)；确认和审计(包括第三方审计)实际的通过反馈环的RF传送；提供详细的报告；基于可用性或其他准则(如拍卖)进行动态定价；向用于第三方软件集成的应用提供接口；以及维持用户(源端)和消费者(远程设备用户)的web接口。网络节点130也负责与市场领导合作(如在出售电子器件和广播RF信号中)，并且，一项重要的相关任务是建立能够覆盖目标市场的区域广播电台140。
图1描绘了一个优选的数据流，其中从源端120将数据传输到网络节点130，到区域广播电台140，并到远程设备150。除了由源端120所提供的数据，向区域广播电台的传送信息也可明确地或隐含地包括区域广播电台140的频率和标识。应当注意的是传送信息通常也包括附加信息，如报头或地址信息。
由于在源端120到网络节点130间传送信息，数据(未示出)方便地进入该系统，并且，这种传输或许为一种在因特网上的数字数据的异步通信。在优选类的实施例中，源端120访问管理网页的网络节点以便引入数据。在网页内，源端可以定购货物和诸如功能性和内容的服务。近期歌曲、最近发展的功能和软件补丁是可以在网络节点的网页上定购的货物和服务的例子。应当指出，对应于所定购的货物和服务的数据可以被输入由不同于网络节点130(即，第三方网页)的实体所管理的网页中，并且，事实上，可以一点也不需要网页。尽管数据可能最终到达网络节点130，这也不需要，因为根据由网络节点130所形成的调度，数据可被直接从第三方传输到区域广播电台。
优选地，流向区域广播电台140的数据穿过因特网的有线和/或无线路径，并且，流出区域广播电台140的数据穿过无线路径。可以预期的是发送到区域广播电台140的数据要么是在网络节点130处被预先编码为RF信号，要么是在区域广播电台140处被编码为RF信号。预先编码和编码可包括振荡(即，产生一定频率和幅度的正弦信号)和准备数据用于按照已知的CDMA、TDMA、GSM和GPRS技术通信。另外，可以预期的是可协调地利用多于一个广播(一种被认作多路复用技术的处理)，以传播对于单个原始载波或副载波信道的容纳量太大的RF编码数据。
数据典型地包括内容数据、软件数据、元数据和目标数据，也可以包括其他类型的适当信息和指令。更明确的典型数据包括音频、视频、图像、广告、XML、XLS、专用和公用的密钥和数字签名、文本、以及数字数据。应当指出的是数据可具有多种用途，在上面“发明内容”中描述了其中一些用途。
由于收到来自远程设备150的一个用户的请求，可以对优选存储在远程设备150或容纳桥式芯片的设备(未示出)的元数据参数进行设置。可利用元数据参数的值确定远程设备150是否接受了数据。比如，说西班牙语的玩具(具有元数据参数以指明西班牙语)可能会忽略基于元数据参数的值的英语更新。因此，数据是否被接受或拒绝可以是元数据参数的一项功能。
可利用访问参数(未示出)来控制远程设备150是否接收广播通信。在利用访问参数的实施例中，用户可以提出请求对通常驻留在远程设备上的访问参数进行设置。这样的请求典型地是被提交给网络节点130和/或源端120。因此，广播通信可包括一个远程设备150的唯一标识符(如序列号)，远程设备150可接收此通信作为访问参数的值的功能。虽然这个实例把单个的远程设备作为目标，不应该推断访问参数仅以单个远程设备运行的要求，并且事实上，通信可以把多序列号或批号作为目标。
另一方面包括可进行重叠广播以增加成功通信的概率。比如，单个远程设备可以是在多于一个的区域广播电台140的范围之内，并因此在该范围内的每个电台可以发布“重复”传输。如果区域广播电台140性能下降或接口出现故障，这尤其有用。
关于区域广播电台140，可以预期的是这样的电台是能够在AM、FM、TV(北美为NTSC、DTV，其他一些国家为DVB)、蜂窝/PCS和卫星波段内广播射频信号的电台。一项由网络节点130所管理的但是优选在区域广播电台140处执行的关键功能是将数据编码为可被作为具有与网络节点所选频率相匹配的广播频率的无线电波进行广播的RF信号。
典型地授予每个区域广播电台一个RF频谱范围(如，对于主FM射频电台约为200KHz)。在这个实例中，对于这200KHz，许多电台为主信道分配了这个范围的多个频率，并为副载波波段(如，57KHzRBDS、76KHz DARC、67KHz和92KHz)保留足够的功率。可以预料的是主信道和副载波信道都将被用于传输数据。
区域广播电台140可能与网络节点签约广播数据。优选的是签约多个区域广播电台，这样就覆盖了大部分地区。从多个区域广播电台中汇集一组可用的频率。一组可用的频率通常包括对于数据的远程广播由区域广播电台可用的频率。除了频率，在一组可用的频率中可能会包含其他信息。这样的数据可以包含区域广播电台标识符、功率(瓦特数)、传输位置、范围和有关性能的信息。
当区域广播电台从网络节点收到一个所选频率时，通常向所选的区域广播电台提供机会用一个替代频率替换所选频率，或者甚至拒绝一起进行广播。选择一个替代频率或拒绝广播优选是由驻留在远程广播电台的网络节点软件自动决定，并且，该决定是基于局部因素。一些预期的实施例也包括对手动(即人工)干扰选择一个替代频率或拒绝广播的规定。在区域广播电台处所做的决定，为了包含在调度过程中，无论如何要被传回到网络节点。
远程设备150可由玩具、家用器具、用户娱乐电器、有关远程信息处理的设备、广告展示和智能卡。显然，多个远程设备可存在于大范围的地域(即，数千里)上。下面是一些所预想的远程设备的一个简单列表。
玩具
幼儿/学前玩具
洋娃娃
车辆玩具
Male Action玩具
游戏/智力玩具
活动玩具
毛绒玩具
骑马玩具
用户娱乐电器
盒式录像机(VCR)
光盘(CD)播放器
数字视频光盘(DVD)播放器
电视(TV)
高清晰度电视(HDTV)
个人录像机(PVR)
机顶盒(电缆/卫星)
超级音频CD(SACD)播放器
便携式音频播放器
MP3播放器
视频游戏机
PDA
膝上型计算机
移动电话
智能卡
通用卡(多于一种功能)
银行卡
信用卡
优惠卡
电话卡
蓝牙卡
802.11a卡
802.11b卡
任何具有内置智能芯片的信用卡
远程信息处理设备
自动立体声系统
自动导航系统
自动计算系统
自动娱乐系统
自动广告系统
自动诊断系统
自动信息系统
自动运输系统
广告展示
布告板
公告
海报
街道设备
宾馆展示
运动事件展示
实况转播的娱乐场展示
机场展示
便利店海报
商场海报
公共交通工具的展示
调制解调器
家用器具&系统
洗衣机/干衣机
冰箱
照明系统
供水系统
泳池/温泉区系统
安全系统
微波炉
烤炉
空调系统
供暖系统
电话系统
远程设备150的一个重要方面是一个常驻的(即本地的)RF接收机。常驻的RF接收机应该能够扫描有效频率或被设置用于多个信道的其中一个。接收机将优选地扫描有效频率，并且，在这种能力中，重要的是理解将扫描器限定到有权进行访问的频率(即，在区域广播电台的同意下)。同样，优选的是RF接收机能够由RF广播进行远程更新。
驻在远程设备中的芯片集(如，E-PROM芯片)优选能够控制RF接收机，分析输入的数据，并能够进行三角测量，甚至控制数据分发。当然，芯片集的主功能是允许远程设备通过远程的RF通信获得另外的功能性。本发明主旨的另一方面包括传输短程通信(如802.11a、802.11b和蓝牙)的能力，以能跟踪和确定传输并能重新广播传输到范围内的其他远程设备。
关于包括智能卡的远程设备，可将广告传到智能卡。一个特别预想的实施例包括接收优惠信息的智能卡，通过和智能卡相互作用可在商店展示和兑换该优惠信息。显然，智能卡可接收包括可用的现金余额的其他类型的数据。
可预想的是可利用监控广播和收集有关广播的反馈的一个确认服务器160或大量确认服务器实现RF广播的确认和核实。可将反馈直接汇报给网络节点130(通过因特网或其他方式)。接收适当的RF广播的确认服务器160可将RF解码数据发送到网络节点130，服务器160依次进行比较以将通过RF发送的数据进行广播。从而，网络节点130可根据内容和位置确认广播的精确性和/或成功性。作为选择，网络节点可能使第三方进行审计。
另一种监控和收集反馈的方式包括确认服务器160或从远程设备150-156接收输入消息的服务器集，远程设备150-156具备直接或间接将数据传回到网络节点130的能力。从远程设备的传输可以包括使用蓝牙、802.11和GPRS的短程RF通信。
确定RF通信的信息可以包括回执、接收的日期和时间和其他的响应于远程设备接收RF数据的有用信息。通信的失败可以预示远程设备是不可操作的或不再处于区域广播电台的地理范围之内。
通过参考特定的实例可以很容易理解图1。将一个又唱又跳的Britney Spears玩具看作玩具内的本地指令的功能。购买该玩具的用户可对玩具公司、服务提供者(网络节点)，或第三方进行注册，以当新的歌曲和舞蹈可获得时收到它们。当它们可获得时，可以将对应于新的歌曲和/或舞蹈的数据从玩具制造商(或其他源端)发送到该网络节点。具有适合调度和选择的信息的该网络节点调度传送并选择到达如果不是全部就是大多数的注册Spears玩具的区域广播电台和频率。优选利用两步处理来更新注册玩具。首先，对注册玩具进行远程程序设计以识别输入的数据；其次，根据调度并以所选的频率将数据进行广播。以对应于新的歌曲和舞蹈的数据，将进行完远程程序设计以接收数据的玩具进行更新。
本发明主旨的另一方面是到在图2中所述的短程RF桥的远程RF。典型将桥式芯片252置于相对小的物理区域250(如一座房屋或办公楼)内，250具有处于短程附近里的远程设备254-258。尤其可将桥式芯片252置于许多如机顶盒或计算机的电器的其中一个之内。关于它的沿着通信路径的布置，优选将桥式芯片252置于区域广播电台240和远程设备254-258之间。
总之，桥式接芯片252可以接收远程RF通信并对短程的分发进行转换。该方面的一个实施例可包括置于机顶盒(未画出)之内的桥式芯片252，芯片252向位于遍及房屋的远程设备传送信息。这样的短程通信可以通过无线电波、微波、红外、声音和其他无线甚至有线的路径来传送信息。
另一个有关的概念包括接收远程RF信号并通过“硬线”连接与远程设备进行通信的桥式芯片252。可预想的是远程设备可以具有端口(即USB端口)用于直接连接到的覆盖桥式接芯片252的设备。
在图3中所描述的调度和选择信息包括文件大小320、优先权325、距离330、通信量335、可用频谱340、保证书345、功率350、位置355、吞吐量360、路径365、天气370和可用频率375。
调度310、选择380和可供选择的选择387典型地全部是由网络节点完成。选择通常是调度和其他包括可供选择的选择的因素的结果，可供选择的选择典型是在远程广播电台385处完成。
文件大小320指数据文件。当然，可以通过将一个文件分为多个文件最优化文件大小。优先权325指可与赔偿、合同和协议、以及保证书有关的通信的重要性。
距离可以具有多种所指。距离优选指区域广播电台和远程设备之间的距离，然而，距离另外或可供选择地指网络节点和远程设备之间的距离，区域广播电台和桥式芯片之间的距离，以及网络节点和区域广播电台之间的距离。
通信量335典型指对通信路径的线路争用，通信路径可包括因特网和其他网络路径，还有AM的主波段和副载波波段、FM、TV、卫星和蜂窝。通信量也可以包括对网络资源的争用，网络资源包括网络节点和区域广播电台的资源。
可用频谱340指已由FCC和区域广播电台分配用于网络节点使用的电磁波频谱的频率。保证书345典型是关于通信的迅速性和成功性的保证。功率350指所选频率的瓦特数。位置355指地理位置，尤其是有关远程广播电台的位置。吞吐量360可指对于所选或可供选择的频率和路径365的传递速率。路径365将典型地为通信信道。天气370是可干扰RF通信的气象条件。可用频率375是对于网络节点可用的一组频率。可用频率可以包括频率调制值、振幅调制值和有关远程广播电台的身份。
选择频率包括评估调度和其他因素，尤其是与用于区域广播电台的当前输入有关的因素。可以在www.fcc.gov和http://www.fcc.gov/oet/laqs/freqchart.html找到有关包括特定波段范围的射频通信的信息。
因此，已经将关于动态选择和调度射频通信的特定的实施例和应用公开。然而，对于本领域的技术人员显然可能不偏离此处的发明观念进行与所描述过的那些修改以外的更多修改。因此，除了附带的权利要求书的精神，本发明主旨并不受到限制。而且，在说明书和权利要求书中，所有术语应以与上下文一致的最大可能的方式进行解释。尤其是，术语“包括”和“包含”应当解释为以非专有的方式引用要素、组成部分或步骤，表明所引用的要素、组成部分或步骤可以被提出、或被使用、或与未被明确引用的其他要素、组成部分或步骤相结合。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于射频通信的设备，访问参数驻留在该设备上，该访问参数用于控制该设备是否接收广播通信，该设备包括：
接收机，被配置成扫描有效频率；
芯片集，其驻留在所述设备中并且被配置成
控制所述接收机；
分析输入的数据；以及
允许所述设备通过远程射频通信获得另外的功能性。
2.如权利要求1的设备，所述芯片集进一步被配置成执行三角测量。
3.如权利要求1的设备，其中所述设备是玩具。
4.如权利要求1的设备，其中所述设备是家用器具。
5.如权利要求1的设备，其中所述设备是汽车内的远程信息处理系统。
6.如权利要求1的设备，其中所述设备是广告展示。
7.如权利要求1的设备，其中所述设备是智能卡。
8.一种洋娃娃，访问参数驻留在该洋娃娃上，该访问参数用于控制该洋娃娃是否接收广播通信，该洋娃娃包括：
接收机，被配置成扫描有效频率；
芯片集，其驻留在所述洋娃娃中并且被配置成
控制所述接收机；
分析输入的数据；以及
允许所述洋娃娃通过远程射频通信获得另外的功能性。
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