CN101589320A - 硬化光纤连接器 - Google Patents

硬化光纤连接器 Download PDF

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CN101589320A
CN101589320A CNA2008800030264A CN200880003026A CN101589320A CN 101589320 A CN101589320 A CN 101589320A CN A2008800030264 A CNA2008800030264 A CN A2008800030264A CN 200880003026 A CN200880003026 A CN 200880003026A CN 101589320 A CN101589320 A CN 101589320A
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joints
optical fibre
connector shell
connector
cantilever
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CN101589320B (zh
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陆禹
R·里根
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Commscope Technologies LLC
Commscope Connectivity LLC
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ADC Telecommunications Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
    • G02B6/3874—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules
    • G02B6/3878—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules comprising a plurality of ferrules, branching and break-out means
    • G02B6/3879—Linking of individual connector plugs to an overconnector, e.g. using clamps, clips, common housings comprising several individual connector plugs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
    • G02B6/3816—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres for use under water, high pressure connectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
    • G02B6/3818—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres of a low-reflection-loss type
    • G02B6/3821—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres of a low-reflection-loss type with axial spring biasing or loading means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
    • G02B6/3825—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres with an intermediate part, e.g. adapter, receptacle, linking two plugs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3869—Mounting ferrules to connector body, i.e. plugs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
    • G02B6/3874—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules
    • G02B6/3877—Split sleeves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G02B6/3888—Protection from over-extension or over-compression
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/389—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type
    • G02B6/3893—Push-pull type, e.g. snap-in, push-on
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/389—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type
    • G02B6/3894—Screw-lock type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G02B6/3889—Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features using encapsulation for protection, e.g. adhesive, molding or casting resin

Abstract

本发明的公开内容涉及一种与光纤适配器一起使用的光纤连接器。光纤连接器包括连接器壳体，具有限定出插头部分的端部。套箍组件至少部分地安装在连接器壳体内。套箍组件包括位于连接器壳体插头部分上的套箍。密封部件围绕连接器壳体的外部安装，用来为连接器壳体和适配器之间提供密封。光纤连接器进一步包括第一和第二分离的保持机构，用来将光纤连接器保持在光纤适配器内。

Description

硬化光纤连接器
本申请是于2008年1月23日申请的PCT国际专利申请，当申请指定国为除美国以外的所有国家时，申请人为美国国立公司：ADC电信公司；当申请指定国为美国时，申请人为中国公民Yu LU，和美国公民Randy REAGAN，并请求美国实用新型专利申请序列号No.11/657,402的优先权，申请日为2007年1月24日。
技术领域
本发明公开内容涉及光纤数据传输，更特别地涉及光纤线缆连接系统。
背景技术
光纤线缆广泛地用于在高速数据传输中传输光信号。光纤线缆典型地包括：(1)光纤或多根光纤；(2)围绕所述光纤的缓冲器或多个缓冲器；(3)围绕所述缓冲器的加强层；以及(4)外部护套。光纤起到运载光信号的作用。典型的光纤包括内芯，它由被涂层覆盖的包覆层包围。缓冲器(如，松或紧缓冲管)典型地起到包围和保护涂层光纤的作用。加强层为光纤线缆增加际协力保护内部的光纤免于收到在安装及之后是加到线缆上的应力。加强层的例子包括芳族聚酰胺纱线，钢铁和环氧树脂加固的玻璃粗纱。外部护套提供了保护免于受到由碾压，磨蚀引起的损坏及其他机械损坏。外部护套还提供了免于受到化学损坏(如臭氧，碱，酸)的保护。
光纤线缆连接系统是用来在场中方便将光纤线缆连接和拆开，而不需使用接头。典型的用于两条光纤线缆互连的光纤线缆连接系统包括光纤连接器，所述连接器安装在光纤线缆的一端，和适配器，用于奖光纤连接器机械联接和光联接在一起。光纤连接器大体包括套箍，所述套箍支撑了光纤线缆的光纤末端。套箍的端面典型地被抛光并通常是有角。适配器包括共轴对齐的端口(如插孔)，用于接纳需要互连的光纤连接器。适配器包括内部套管，它在连接器插入适配器端口时接纳光纤连接器的套箍并与之对齐。套箍和与之相关的光纤在适配器的套管内对齐，光线信号可从一条光纤传导到另一条上。适配器典型地还具有机械紧固布局(如扣合布局)，用于将光纤连接器机械地保持在适配器内。已有的光纤连接系统的一个实例在美国专利号Nos.6,579,014，6,648,520，和6,899,467介绍过。
发明内容
本发明公开内容的一个方面涉及一种光纤连接器，它具有将光纤连接器固定在光纤适配器中的双紧固结构。
本发明公开内容的另一个方面涉及一种光纤连接器，适于在封闭结构中提供相对较高的光纤线路密度。
本发明公开内容的进一步方面涉及一种光纤连接器，它具有适于与光纤适配器的对应锥形接合部互补的锥形接合部。
各种其他有创造性的方面将在接下来的说明介绍中提出。有创造性的方面会涉及单独的特征和特征组合。应当理解到前述的一般性说明介绍和接下来的细节说明介绍都仅是示例性的，并不对宽阔的创造性观点产生局限，在此公开的实施方式都是基于所述观点。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明公开内容的原理，具有创造性方面示例特征的光纤连接系统的示例的透视图；
图2是图1的光纤连接系统的透视图，其中光纤连接系统的连接器端接于光纤线缆的末端；
图3表示的是图1的光纤连接系统，其中光纤连接系统的适配器是用虚线表示的；
图4表示的是图1的光纤连接系统，其中光纤连接系统的适配器安装到一个示意性的封闭结构上；
图5是图1的光纤连接系统的分解透视图；
图6是沿图5中的截面线6-6所取的横截面视图；
图7是图1的光纤连接系统的光纤连接器的分解透视图；
图8是图7的光纤连接器的壳体的主体的透视图；
图9是图8中主体的平面图；
图10是图7的光纤连接器的壳体的盖子的透视图；
图11是图10中盖子的平面图；
图12是图1的光纤连接系统的光纤适配器的分解透视图；
图13是沿图12中的截面线13-13所取的横截面视图；
图14是图3中一部分的放大视图；
图15是图1的光纤连接系统的光纤连接器上配有的闩锁的放大视图；
图16是图2的光纤线缆和光纤连接系统的侧视图；
图17是沿图16中的截面线17-17所取的横截面视图；
图18是图2的光纤线缆和光纤连接系统的俯视图；
图19是沿图18中的截面线19-19所取的横截面视图；
图20是依照本发明公开内容的原理，具有创造性方面示例特征的另一种光纤连接系统的透视图；
图21是图20的光纤连接系统的俯视图；
图22是沿图23中的截面线22-22所取的横截面视图；以及
图23是图20的光纤连接系统的端视图。
具体实施方式
图1-5画出了依照本发明公开内容原理的光纤连接系统30，用来将第一光纤线缆20(看图4)光学连接到第二光纤线缆22(看图4)。光纤连接系统30包括光纤适配器34、端接于第一线缆20的第一光纤连接器32、以及端接于第二光纤线缆22的第二光纤连接器33(如图3所示)。适配器34被画成安装至封闭结构19(如图4示意性表示)。适配器34包括第一端口35，用于接纳第一连接器32，和第二端口37，用于接纳第二连接器33。当连接器32，33被放置在他们各自的适配器34端口35，37中时，第一线缆20与第二线缆22光学联接。
如图4所示，第一线缆20是外部线缆(如，位于封闭结构19外面的外植线缆)，并且第二线缆22位于封闭结构19的内部。在所述实施方式中，第一线缆20适于将光信号运载到封闭结构19并且光纤连接系统30使得信号能够从第一线缆20转移到第二线缆22上。
线缆20和22每个都包括一条或多条能运载光信号的光纤。光纤包括由包覆层包围的芯。芯是光纤的导光中心部。包覆层包围着芯并且是由具有比芯材料的折射率低的材料构成。光在芯的内部发生内反射从而沿着芯传输光信号。光纤可被保护在缓冲管内。光纤线缆还可包括光纤线缆内的加强件，以增加光纤线缆的抗拉强度。光纤、加强件、缓冲管及其他线缆元件可由外部护套或护鞘包围，所述护套或护鞘为线缆元件提供保护性遮盖。如图5所示，第一线缆20包括中心缓冲管220，所述缓冲管包含至少一条光纤222。加强件224位于中心缓冲管220的相反侧。加强件224和缓冲管被放置在线缆20的外部护套226内。
封闭结构19可包括种类繁多的光学封闭结构/壳体(如，投落终端(drop terminals)，基座，网络接口设备，分线器，接头盒，光学网络终端等)。在一个实施方式中，适配器34可被安装在投落终端上，所述降终端的类型在美国专利申请序列号No.11/075,847中有介绍，题目为光纤接入终端(Fiber Access Terminal)，申请日2005年3月8日，并通过引用全文结合在此。对所述实施方式，线缆20可以是一条通向用户房屋的投落线缆，并且线缆22可以是从转接线(stud cable)通过连接器连出的光纤，所述转接线是从投落终端通向分线线缆的光纤分叉位置。光纤分叉结构的例子在美国专利申请序列号no.11/491,336中有介绍，题为带保持块的光纤线缆分叉结构(Fiber OpticCable Breakout Configuration with Retention Block)，申请日为2006年7月21日，并通过引用全文结合在此。在另一实施方式中，一个或多个适配器可被安装到网络接口设备上，所述接口设备的类型在美国专利申请序列号no.11/607,676中有介绍，题目为网络接口设备(NetworkInterface Device)，申请日2006年12月1日，并通过引用全文结合在此。在所述实施方式中，第一线缆20可包括投落线缆，线缆22可包括位于网络接口设备内部通过连接器连接的线缆/光纤。可选地，光纤连接系统30还可以不带封闭结构使用(例如，适配器可以是面板安装的)。
在画出的实施方式中，第一连接器32和适配器34是硬化或固化的。硬化或固化的意思是第一连接器32和适配器34适于外部环境使用。例如，第一连接器32和适配器34可包括环境密封物，以防止湿气/水分侵入。优选地，第一连接器32当联接到适配器34上时还可以经受100磅的轴向外拉作用力。第二连接器33可以是传统的光纤连接器，如Subscription Channel(″SC″)连接器。SC连接器的一个示例在美国专利号No.5,317,663中画出并说明，通过引用全文结合在此。
参见图5和7，第一连接器32包括连接器壳体39，所述壳体包括主体36和盖子41。连接器壳体39从远端52延伸到近端54(远近端是相对于光纤线缆20与连接器32的连接进行定义的)。套箍组件43安装在连接器壳体39的远端52附近，并且应变释放罩42安装在连接器壳体39的近端54附近。密封部件49(如o形密封环)围绕连接器壳体39的外周/外部安装。密封部件49适于在第一连接器32插入适配器34的第一端口35中时为连接器壳体39和适配器34之间提供密封。第一连接器32还包括：压接圈38，它安装在主体36和盖子41上；以及密封管106，所述密封管将线缆20和连接器壳体39之间的接合部密封起来。压接圈38有助于将盖子41保持在主体36上，还有助于将线缆20的加强件224在盖子41和主体36之间固定就位。第一连接器32还包括第一和第二紧固结构，用于将第一连接器32保持(也就是连接、固定等)在适配器34的第一端口35内。例如，第一连接器32可包括闩锁50(看图3，7，14和15)，当第一连接器32插入第一端口35时所述闩锁机械地与适配器34互锁。第一连接器32还包括适于螺合入适配器34中的联接螺母40，从而将第一连接器32保持在适配器34的第一端口35内。
连接器32的连接器壳体39从远端52延伸到近端54，插头部分56限定在远端52上，而在近端54上设置两个突块58。一个突块58是由壳体主体36提供，而另一个突块58是由壳体39的盖子41提供。主体36被画作一个整体模制件(如图7-9所示的模制塑料件)而盖子41被画作独立的整体模制件(如图7，10和11所示的模制塑料件)。中心通道118被限定为从近端54穿过连接器壳体39的内部到远端52。中心通道118具有远端部分118a和近端部分118b，所述远端部分被限定为穿过连接器壳体39的插头部分56，所述近端部分被限定在主体36和盖子41之间。中心通道118的近端部分118b的一部分由主体36限定而一部分由盖子41限定。从主体36上去掉盖子41能够从侧面到达中心通道118的近端部分118b。中心通道118的远端部分118a完全由主体36限定并延伸通过插头部分56。中心通道118的远端部分118a具有在壳体39的远端52处的远端和邻近中心通道118的近端部分118b的近端。
第一连接器32的插头部分56的尺寸和形状设定为与适配器34第一端口35的内部配合，如图3，17和19所示。插头部分56的远端优选地具有锥形结构，所述结构与从第一端口35(看图17)进入的第一插座59的锥形部分相匹配(如套入式，互补式)。如图17所示，锥形结构由相对表面(如左右表面61，63)所限定，当所述表面在远端方向上沿连接器32的中轴A1延伸时会聚。插头部分56的末端被截平。当插头部分56被置于第一插座59的内部时，表面61，63与限定第一插座59的倾斜表面67，69接合并与之平行或大体上平行。
如图14和15所示，第一连接器32的闩锁50位于插头部分56的顶侧上。闩锁50具有悬臂90，它带有与插头部分56一体模制而成的基部端81。臂90从基部端81在远端方向上延伸到自由端83。保持突块51位于臂90的自由端83附近。保持突块51包括上斜区(inclinedregion)92和下斜区(declined region)94。臂90被构造成随着插头部分56插入适配器34的第一端口35而弯曲，并当插头部分56完全插入第一端口35时为第一连接器32和适配器34之间提供扣合连接。例如，如图14所示，当插头部分56完全插入第一端口35时，保持突块51卡合在由适配器34限定的闩锁凹口82内。闩锁凹口82部分地由保持表面96限定。
当将插头部分56插入适配器34的第一端口35时，随着上斜区92开始与适配器34接触，闩锁50的臂90被适配器34弯向轴A1。臂90设计的制造材料是能够受压弯曲的，如塑料。插头部分56继续插入端口35直到上斜区92通过凹口82的保持表面96。上斜区92完全通过保持表面96之后，下斜区94开始与表面96接触。当下斜区94前进通过表面96时，臂90弯曲所产生的作用力引起保持突块51抬高。直到下斜区94完全地，或几乎完全通过凹口82的保持表面96才停止插入。在该点处，适配器34对臂90的压缩得到释放，进而臂90返回其未压缩状态。可选地，适配器34可被设计成保持臂90的部分压缩，如果需要的话。
闩锁机构的一个有益效果是提供了防止第一连接器32从第一端口35上脱离的作用力，比如阻止了第一连接器32从第一端口35上无意地脱离配合。例如，如果第一连接器32开始在远离第一端口35的方向上移动，下斜区94会与闩锁凹口82的保持表面96接触。为此，为了将第一连接器32从第一端口35上脱离，就必须在远离第一端口35的方向上施加足够引起臂90随着下斜区94沿表面96回拉而压缩的作用力。所需的作用力可以通过调节臂90的力量，或通过调节下斜区94的斜率而变大或变小。闩锁50的扣合构造还为第一连接器32已经完全插入第一端口35提供了物理和声学提示。
保持突块51的上斜区92具有用A2表示的上斜角，并且保持突块51的下斜区94具有用A3表示的下斜角。在画出的实施方式中，角A2小于角A3。这样的好处是闩锁50插入会比脱离容易，因为上斜减少的角度(A2)对插入过程提供的阻力不像下斜增加的角度(A3)对脱离过程所提供的那么多。在一个实施例中，角A3大约是角A2的两倍。在另一个实施例中，角A2约等于角A3。然而，可认为任意角度都可以形成角A2和A3。在一个实施例中，角A2和A3处于从大约0度到大约90度的范围内，优选从15度到85度。在另一个实施例中，角A2在从大约15度到大约45度的范围内而角A3在从大约30度到大约90度的范围内。
上斜和下斜区92和94在顶端相遇，顶端具有高度H1。臂90在插头部分56的邻近部分上方的高度H2处延伸。在一个实施例中，高度H1约等于高度H2。可选地，高度H2大于高度H1以确保闩锁50不会受插头部分56的邻近部分的运动的干涉。可选地，高度H2可以小于高度H1，只要存在适合闩锁50恰当地插入凹口82的空间。
在另一个实施例中，角A3可以是约90度，从而下斜区94大体垂直延伸到臂90上。在该实施例中，下斜区94不允许闩锁50仅通过远离端口35方向上施加的作用力就能脱离。而是说，闩锁50可手动释放，比如通过用手按压闩锁50，如，穿过凹口82。闩锁50可被按压，例如通过凹口82插入细窄释放工具来按压按压闩锁50。可选地，可在凹口82上形成按钮。按钮可包括延伸穿过凹口82的臂，从而当按下按钮时，臂压下闩锁50，使得第一连接器32从第一端口35上脱离。
第一连接器32的联接螺母40适于提供将第一连接器32固定到适配器34上的第二连接机构。当闩锁50与适配器34互锁之后，联接螺母40可通过螺纹拧入第一端口35内对应的螺纹中从而提供与适配器34的第二连接。联接螺母40提供了与适配器34的连接，所述连接基本上具有比闩锁50所提供的拉出阻力更大的拉出阻力。在一个实施方式中，即使在施加于第一连接器32的拉出作用力为至少100磅的情况下，联接螺母40仍将第一连接器32保持在第一端口35中。
第一连接器32的联接螺母40包括第一区180和第二区182。第一区180具有多个凹槽184，以便本领域技术人员或其他使用者在将连接器32连接到适配器34或从上取下的过程中抓取第一区180。例如，凹槽184是多个纵向定向的凹槽，使得使用者更容易旋转联接螺母40。联接螺母40的转动使得第二区182的连接机构与适配器34接合或脱离。在画出的实施方式中，第二区182包括适于与适配器34第一端口35内部的内螺纹76匹配的外螺纹75连接机构。在另一个实施方式中，也可能会用到其他连接机构。
第一连接器32的套箍组件43包括套箍100(如陶瓷套箍)、安装在套箍100上的筒101、弹簧102和弹簧保持件104。套箍组件43在盖子41从主体36上脱离的时候加载到第一连接器32中。为了将套箍组件43加载到连接器壳体39中，通过将套箍100插入并穿过远端部分118a的近端，套箍100被置于中心通道118的远端部分118a中。这样插入的话，筒101抵接位于插头部分56内的台肩103(看图17和19)。弹簧102随后在套箍100后面插入远端部分118a中。此后，弹簧保持件104被加载到主体36在弹簧102后面位置处的凹部114中(看图8-11)，使得弹簧102被捕捉在远端部分118a内的筒101和弹簧保持件104之间。通过这种方式，套箍100被弹簧推压在远端方向上。
连接器壳体39的近端被构造成便于为第一线缆20和第一连接器32之间提供固定连接。例如，中心通道118的近端部分118b的尺寸设定为接纳第一线缆20的缓冲管220。加强件接纳器120(如轨道，通道，凹槽等)设置在中心通道118的近端部分118b的相反侧上接纳第一线缆20的加强件224。主体36包括对齐开口116，所述开口接纳盖子41上与之对应的对齐销117，从而确保盖子41安装到主体36上时与主体36恰好对齐。连接器壳体39进一步包括泄放开口122，当盖子41安装到主体36上时，允许粘合剂从壳体内部流出。壳体39的内部进一步包括改进粘合剂和壳体内部粘合效果的结构。例如，壳体内部包括多个改进壳体39内表面粘合特性的槽123。其他粘合改进结构包括滚花，表面粗糙化，或其他结构。
连接器壳体39的外部包括周向凹槽112，用于安装密封部件49。壳体39的外部还包括周向台肩124和125(看图7)以及周向台肩113(如图8和9中所示)，在组装了连接器之后压接圈38抵接周向台肩124和125。周向凹进部分128被限定在突块58的外部。保持齿130位于突块58的内部。
现在通过参见图5介绍连接器32安装到光纤线缆20末端的情况。开始安装之前，光纤线缆20末端通过去皮处理工艺进行预处理。在去皮处理工艺中，外部护套226被剥掉露出加强件224和缓冲管220。去皮处理之后，缓冲管220的一部分被剪切掉露出光纤222。
线缆20的末端已经如上所述处理好之后，罩42滑动到光纤线缆20的末端上，接着是密封管106(如，热缩管或热缩胶布/缠布)，联接螺母40，以及压接圈38。随后将裸光纤222穿过弹簧保持件104和弹簧102并安装在套箍100内。套箍组件43之后被加载到连接器壳体39的插头部分56中。
一旦套箍组件已经加载到连接器壳体39中，第一线缆20被固定到连接器壳体39上从而线缆20从壳体39的近端54纵向延伸。图5和7是主体36的透视图，比如位于安装光纤线缆的位置，所述主体具有与之分离的盖子41。为了进行连接，光纤线缆20的加强件224被插入加强件接纳器120中，并且缓冲管220被插入中心通道118的近端部分118b中，从而光纤222大体上沿轴A1延伸。粘合剂随后被施加到缓冲管220、加强件224、中心通道118、和加强件接纳器120，包括位于主体36和盖子41中的那些。粘合剂可以是环氧树脂或其他类型的粘合剂。可选地，也可运用紧固件将盖子41连接到主体36上。主体36和盖子41被位于盖子41内侧上的插入到主体36的对齐开口116中的销117正确地对齐。盖子41随后挤压主体36将加强件224、缓冲管220和光纤222封闭在连接器壳体39的内部。设置在主体36和盖子41中的粘合剂泄放开口122允许多余的粘合剂从壳体39中流出。当盖子41挤压到主体36上时，多余的粘合剂从泄放开口122流出并随后可被擦掉。
光纤线缆20优选地在先前的步骤中去皮，以便外部护套226端接于壳体39的台肩136处(看图8-11)。台肩136位于突块58的远端和加强件接纳器120及中心通道118的近端。因此，当盖子41和主体36连接的时候，突块58覆盖了外部护套226的端部。当盖子41和主体36被按压在一起时，突块58的齿130被压入或压到外部护套226上。齿130被定向为阻止外部护套226在远离主体36的近端方向上运动。因此，齿130提供了进一步将光纤线缆20稳定地接合在连接器壳体39上的连接机构。
盖子41连接到主体36和光纤线缆20之后，压接圈38滑过部分连接器壳体39并被压接就位将盖子41固定地保持在主体36上。密封管106随后滑过压接圈38的一部分从而覆盖线缆20的端部、连接器壳体39的近端及压接圈38的至少一部分。对密封管106加热引起密封管106收缩并紧紧地形成在连接器壳体39、压接圈38、和光纤线缆20的邻接部分周围，将连接器与外界物质密封隔离开。联接螺母40随后滑过压接圈38、密封管106和连接器壳体39。罩42随后滑到第一连接器32上并滑过密封管106。例如，罩42是柔性聚合物/橡胶材料。在罩42的远端，罩42可包括与突块58的凹进部分128机械互锁的结构(如内突起的法兰或唇缘部)。尽管突块58与罩42被密封管106隔开，但是密封管106是紧密地配合在突块58周围的，因此突块58的凹进部分128可以与罩42接合。密封部件49随后围绕连接器壳体39安装到凹槽112从而完成了将连接器32安装到光纤线缆20上。罩42将联接螺母40保持在连接器壳体39上。
参见图1，2，5和12，光纤连接系统30的适配器34包括外壳体44，它具有与第二壳体件47互连的第一壳体件45。第一壳体件45限定了第一端口35所处的外壳体44的第一端部70。第二壳体件47限定了第二端口37所处的外壳体44的第二端部72。适配器组件140安装在外壳体44内。适配器34还包括安装环或螺母46，其围绕外壳体44的外部安装。
适配器34的第一壳体件45包括第一区60，所述第一区与第二区62被台肩64分离开。第一和第二区60，62具有大体圆柱形的外部形状，台肩64提供了从第一区60到第二区62的直径缩减量。第二区62限定了位于台肩64附近的外螺纹66。外螺纹66的尺寸设定为与安装螺母46的对应内螺纹68匹配，使得安装螺母46可通过螺纹拧到第一壳体件45的第二区62上。第二区62还包括一对相对布置的闩锁167，用来将第一壳体件45固定到第二壳体件47上。每个闩锁167包括可形变的悬臂170，所述悬臂具有与第二区62一体形成的基部端。每个悬臂170限定出开口172，开口172适于在第一和第二壳体件45，47连接在一起时接纳第二壳体件47上与之对应的保持突块174。
参见图12，第一区60限定了适配器34的第一端口35。内螺纹76被设置在第一区60内邻近壳体44的第一端部70处。第一端口35内的内螺纹76的尺寸设定为当联接螺母螺合入第一端口35时通过螺纹接纳联接螺母40的外螺纹75，从而为第一连接器32和适配器34之间提供固定连接。
现在参见图17和19，第一壳体件45限定了环形密封表面78，它位于第一壳体件45内部邻近内螺纹76的位置处。倾斜的直径过渡部79使第一端口35的内径从内螺纹76到环形密封表面78递减。环形密封表面78优选为圆柱形，并适于当第一连接器32完全插入第一端口35的时候与第一连接器32的密封部件49接合。环形密封表面78和密封部件49之间的接合部为第一连接器32和适配器34之间提供了内环境密封。
仍参见图17和19，第一壳体件45在第二区62内限定了内凹部80，用来在壳体件45，47互连时接纳第二壳体件47的端部部分。凹部80与环形密封表面78被台肩84分开，所述台肩使得直径从环形密封表面78到凹部80递增。如图13所示，键部件(keying member)150(如突块，或导轨)被设置在凹部80上，用来确保第一壳体件45和第二壳体件47之间恰当的旋转对齐。当第一和第二壳体件45，47互连在一起时，键部件150被容纳在由第二壳体件47限定的对应的键道151内。
适配器34的第二壳体件47包括第一区86，它与第二区88被台肩89分离开。第一和第二区86和88每个区都具有大体圆柱形的外部形状。台肩89使外径从第一区86向第二区88递减。将第一壳体件45和第二壳体件47互连的保持突块174设置在第二区88上。
第二壳体件47的第一区86包括一对相对布置的闩锁160，用于将适配器组件140固定在第二壳体件47内。如图12和17所示，每个闩锁160包括柔性悬臂161，所述悬臂具有与第二壳体件47一体形成的基部端162，和位于基部端162对侧的自由端163。保持突块164设置在自由端163上。保持突块164包括与适配器34的中心轴线成角度的倾斜表面166，以及相对于适配器34的中心轴线大体上横向对齐的保持表面168。第二壳体件47的第一区86还可包括键槽169(看图3)，用来容纳第二连接器33上与之对应的导轨165从而确保第二连接器33以恰当的旋转定向插入第二端口37。
第二壳体件47的第二区88限定出第一插座59，用来在第一连接器插入第一适配器端口35时容纳第一连接器32的插头部分56。如前所述，第一插座59具有由相对表面67，69限定的锥形部分，所述表面朝向适配器34的第二端部72延伸的同时朝向彼此会聚。第一插座59和第一连接器32的插头部分56的锥形构造有助于保持第一连接器32在适配器34内精确的对齐。第二壳体件47的第一区86还限定出与第二适配器端口37相对应的第二插座97。第二插座97适于容纳第二连接器33。
适配器34的适配器组件140包括连接器保持夹201、劈分套管202、和支承件204。劈分套管202适于在连接器插入适配器34时容纳第一和第二连接器32，33的套箍，从而保持连接器32，33的光纤222对齐。连接器保持夹201包括一对闩锁臂206，它们在第二连接器33插入适配器34的第二端口37中时与第二连接器33互锁。通过这种方式，闩锁臂206将第二连接器33保持在第二端口37中。连接器保持夹201还包括圆柱形插孔208，用来容纳劈分套管202的一端。劈分套管的另一端容纳在支承件204的圆柱形插孔209内。通过这种方式，劈分套管202被捕捉在保持夹201和支承件204之间。保持夹201和支承件204的法兰211，212被固定在一起从而将劈分套管202保持在保持夹201和支承件204之间。当劈分套管202被安装在保持夹201和支承件204之间的时候，劈分套管202具有有限的空间量能够在圆柱形插孔208，209内轴向滑动。然而，该有限空间允许劈分套管202在圆柱形插孔208，209内浮动，以保证连接器32，33的套箍100之间能恰好对齐。
通过将组装好的适配器组件140穿过第二适配器端口37插入第二插座97，适配器组件140被加载到第二壳体件47中。随着适配器组件140插入第二插座97，适配器组件的法兰211，212与悬臂161的倾斜表面166接合，引起悬臂向外弯曲。法兰211，212被挤压通过倾斜表面166之后，悬臂161径向向内扣合，保持突块164的保持表面168将适配器组件140捕捉和保持在第二壳体件47内(看图17)。这样放置，可以从适配器34的第二端口37接近适配器组件140的保持夹端，并且可以从适配器34的第一端口35接近适配器组件140的支承件端。法兰211，212被捕捉在保持突块164的保持表面168和第二壳体件47的台肩213之间。保持夹201的圆柱形插孔208位于第二插座97内，而支承件204的圆柱形插孔209位于第一插座59内。劈分套管202大体沿适配器34的中心轴线对齐。在画出的实施方式中，适配器不包括有利于适配器组件140在外壳体44内浮动的结构(如弹簧或其他推压或弹性结构)。相反地，保持突块164会阻止适配器组件140在外壳体44内发生浮动或其他运动。然而，如上所提到的，在劈分套管202和圆柱型插孔208，209之间存在有限的空间量允许劈分套管在圆柱型插孔208，209内浮动，所述套管被放置在适配器组件140内。
适配器组件140已经扣合入外壳体44的第二壳体件47内之后，第一和第二壳体件45，47连接在一起。例如，第二壳体件47的第二区88插入到被限定在第一壳体件45的第二区62内的凹部80中。插入过程中，通过将第一壳体件45的键部件150插入第二壳体件47的键道151中来保证旋转对齐。随着第二壳体件47被插入第一壳体件45中，悬臂170与保持突块174接合使得悬臂170径向向外弯曲。当悬臂170的开口172与保持突块174对齐时，悬臂径向向内扣合到锁定位置，其中保持突块174突出穿过开口172。
适配器34适于安装在由封闭结构19的壁限定的开口内。为了将适配器34安装在开口中，首先要去掉安装螺母46。外壳体44的第二端部随后从封闭结构外部穿过安装开口直到台肩64抵接封闭结构壁的外表面。在这之后，安装螺母46通过螺纹66拧入直到螺母抵接封闭结构壁的内表面。利用被捕捉在台肩64和安装螺母46之间的封闭结构壁，适配器34被固定地安装在封闭结构上。
如上所述，适配器34构造成为第一连接器32和第二连接器33提供光学连接。为了实现这种连接，第一连接器32安装在第一端口35中，而第二连接器33安装在第二适配器端口37中。为了将第一连接器32安装在第一端口35中，第一连接器32轴向插入端口35直到插头部分56配合在第一插座59内并且闩锁50扣合入凹口82内。这样放置，套箍100就配合在劈分套管202的一端内并且密封部件49接合环状密封表面78。通过将联接螺母40拧入适配器34的内螺纹76中，直到联接螺母40的端面115(如图7和17中所示)抵接连接器壳体39的周向台肩113，由此将连接器壳体39保持抵靠在适配器34的第二壳体件47的第二区88上(如图17中所示)，从而完成连接。通过将第二连接器33轴向插入端口37直到第二连接器33扣合入连接器保持夹201的臂206之间，将第二连接器33安装在第二适配器端口37中。这样放置，连接器33的套箍230就容纳在劈分套管202的另一端内，从而套箍230，100都彼此保持轴向对齐。
光纤连接系统30优选地具有紧凑的构造，适于提供相对较高的线路密度。在一个实施方式中，密封部件49的直径D1和环形密封表面的直径D2每个都小于或等于15mm。在可选的实施方式中，密封部件49的直径D1和环形密封表面的直径D2每个都小于或等于12.5mm。在另一个实施方式中，密封部件49的直径D1和环形密封表面的直径D2每个都小于10mm。
图20-23画出了依照本发明公开内容的原理的另一光纤连接系统330，具有创造性方面示例特征。系统包括第一连接器332，和将第一连接器332连接到另外的连接器上的适配器334。光纤连接系统的结构具有与图1-22所示的系统30相同的一般构造，除了连接器332包括多终端的套箍301(如具有多于一条光纤安装在其中的套箍)，而且适配器334是将第一多终端连接器连接到第二多终端连接器上的适配器。多终端的套箍301具有大体为长方形的构造，并且适配器334包括大体长方形的多终端套箍插座，用于容纳多终端套箍。
从前面详细的介绍说明可以显而易见地知道，对本发明公开内容的设备进行的修改和变型都不脱离本发明的精神或范围。

Claims (22)

1.一种与光纤适配器一起使用的光纤连接器，光纤连接器包含：
连接器壳体，具有限定出插头部分的端部；
套箍组件，至少部分地安装在连接器壳体内，套箍组件包括位于连接器壳体的插头部分处的套箍；
密封部件，围绕连接器壳体的外部安装；
第一保持机构，用于将光纤连接器保持在光纤适配器内；以及
第二保持机构，用于将光纤连接器保持在光纤适配器内。
2.如权利要求1所述的光纤连接器，其中第一保持机构包括围绕连接器壳体的外部可旋转地安装的联接螺母，联接螺母包括外螺纹。
3.如权利要求2所述的光纤连接器，其中第二保持机构包括扣合结构。
4.如权利要求2所述的光纤连接器，其中第二保持机构包括闩锁。
5.如权利要求4所述的光纤连接器，其中闩锁包括悬臂，悬臂具有保持突块。
6.如权利要求5所述的光纤连接器，其中悬臂包括与连接器壳体一体形成的基部端。
7.如权利要求5所述的光纤连接器，其中保持突块包括朝向顶端会聚的第一和第二倾斜表面，其中倾斜表面限定相对于光纤连接器的中心轴线的不同角度值。
8.如权利要求7所述的光纤连接器，其中突块在离开光纤连接器中心轴线延伸的方向从悬臂向外突出。
9.如权利要求1所述的光纤连接器，其中第二保持机构包括闩锁。
10.如权利要求9所述的光纤连接器，其中闩锁包括悬臂，悬臂具有保持突块。
11.如权利要求10所述的光纤连接器，其中悬臂包括与连接器壳体一体形成的基部端。
12.如权利要求10所述的光纤连接器，其中保持突块包括朝向顶端会聚的第一和第二倾斜表面，其中倾斜表面限定相对于光纤连接器中心轴线的不同角度值。
13.如权利要求12所述的光纤连接器，其中突块在离开光纤连接器中心轴线延伸的方向从悬臂向外突出。
14.如权利要求1所述的光纤连接器，其中密封部件限定的外径小于或等于15mm。
15.如权利要求1所述的光纤连接器，其中环形密封表面限定的内径小于或等于12.5mm。
16.如权利要求1所述的光纤连接器，其中环形密封表面限定的内径小于或等于10mm。
17.如权利要求1所述的光纤连接器，其中插头部分具有带截头锥形构造的端部。
18.如权利要求1所述的光纤连接器，其中连接器壳体包括相反的第一和第二端部，其中插头部分位于第一端部，线缆连接至第二端部，其中连接器壳体包括一体式主体，一体式主体从第一端部延伸到第二端部并完全限定连接器壳体的插头部分，并且连接器壳体包括盖子，所述盖子在邻近连接器壳体第二端部的位置处安装到主体上。
19.如权利要求18所述的光纤连接器，其中盖子允许接近连接器壳体的内部，从而将线缆固定到连接器壳体上。
20.一种光纤连接器，包含：
连接器壳体，具有限定出插头部分的端部；
套箍组件，至少部分地安装在连接器壳体内，套箍组件包括位于连接器壳体的插头部分处的套箍；
密封部件，围绕连接器壳体的外部安装；
保持螺母，围绕连接器壳体的外部可旋转地安装，保持螺母包括外螺纹；
闩锁，位于连接器壳体的外部邻近插头部分的位置，闩锁包括悬臂，悬臂具有与连接器壳体的外部一体形成的基部端，闩锁还包括设置在悬臂上的保持突块。
21.一种光纤连接器，包含：
连接器壳体，具有限定出插头部分的端部，插头部分具有锥形截头构造；
套箍组件，至少部分地安装在连接器壳体内，套箍组件包括位于连接器壳体的插头部分处的套箍；
密封部件，围绕连接器壳体的外部安装；
保持螺母，围绕连接器壳体的外部可旋转地安装，保持螺母包括外螺纹。
22.一种光纤连接器，包含：
连接器壳体，具有限定出插头部分的端部；
套箍组件，至少部分地安装在连接器壳体内，套箍组件包括位于连接器壳体的插头部分处的套箍；
密封部件，围绕连接器壳体的外部安装，密封部件具有小于15mm的外径；
保持螺母，围绕连接器壳体的外部可旋转地安装，保持螺母包括外螺纹。
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