CN101484964A - 用于发光二极管及其构成的灯泡分散光并优先散射某些波长的光的方法 - Google Patents

用于发光二极管及其构成的灯泡分散光并优先散射某些波长的光的方法 Download PDF

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CN101484964A
CN101484964A CNA2007800153039A CN200780015303A CN101484964A CN 101484964 A CN101484964 A CN 101484964A CN A2007800153039 A CNA2007800153039 A CN A2007800153039A CN 200780015303 A CN200780015303 A CN 200780015303A CN 101484964 A CN101484964 A CN 101484964A
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罗纳德·J·兰克
卡罗尔·兰克
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SUPERBULBS Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F21V3/06—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material
    • F21V3/063—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material comprising air or water bubbles, e.g. foamed materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/90—Methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Abstract

一种优先散射LED或LED灯泡中某些波长的光线和/或分散LED或LED灯泡中的光线的方法。该方法包括从至少一个LED管芯发射光线，并且通过在该LED外壳或在LED灯泡或在LED灯泡的至少一个外壳中分散众多粒子来散射该至少一个LED管芯发出的光线，这些粒子的大小是该至少一个LED管芯发出的光线的至少一个主波长的分数。作为另一选择，该方法包括从至少一个LED管芯发射光线，并且通过在该LED灯泡的外壳或主体中分布众多粒子来散射该至少一个LED管芯发出的光线，这些粒子的大小是该LED发出的光线的一个主波长的一到几倍。

Description

用于发光二极管及其构成的灯泡分散光并优先散射某些波长的光的方法
与相关申请的交叉参引
这个申请要求2006年5月2日提交的申请号为60/797,118的美国临时专利申请的优先权，通过这个参引将该临时申请的全部内容在此并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及发光二极管(LED)，并涉及由LED灯泡替代用于照明的灯泡。尤其是，它涉及优先散射LED生成的某些波长的光线并分散LED生成的光线以与白炽灯泡的颜色愈加匹配，或者涉及优选散射用在替代灯泡中的LED的某些波长的光线并分散用在替代灯泡中的LED的光线以与被代替的灯泡光线的光色和空间分布模式相匹配。
背景技术
由半导体结构成的LED，由电流流过该结引起发光。乍一看，好像LED应当能够对传统的钨丝白炽灯做极好的替代。在等量功率上，它们给出比白炽灯多得多的光输出，同样地，它们使用少得多的功率发出等量的光；而且它们的使用寿命是更大数量级的，即1-10万小时vs.1-2千小时。
然而，LED以及由LED构成的灯泡有色彩问题。典型使用在灯泡中的“白色”LED，现今是由两种工艺之一制成的。在更通用的工艺中，发蓝光LED覆盖有塑料罩，该塑料罩可能有其他光学属性，用荧光粉在其上形成涂层吸收蓝色光并重发其他波长上的光。LED制造商的研究主要致力于设计更好的荧光粉，因为目前已知的荧光粉给出相当拙劣的色彩再现。另外，这些荧光粉如果被太多光线超驱的话将会饱和，使蓝色通过并发出被过激的白色LED特有的蓝颜色。
荧光粉工艺的再一个问题是吸收和重发的量子效率小于1，以致于LED光输出中的一些作为热能损失掉，降低了LED的量子效率，并且加重了它的散热问题。
现今用来制作“白色”LED的另一工艺是使用三个(或更多)LED，典型为红色、蓝色和绿色(RGB)，互相足够靠近地放置以近似想要的任一种颜色的单一光源。这种工艺的问题在于LED使用时间不同，颜色就不同，以致于产生的实际颜色随着使用时间而改变。得到“白色LED”的附加方法是在蓝色或其他颜色LED外围使用有颜色的罩，该蓝色或其他颜色的LED比如由JKL LampsTM制成。然而，与之相伴的是相当大的光损失。LED灯泡与它们使用的LED有同样的问题，而且还受累于LED是点光源这个问题。试图由灯泡做色彩调节导致进一步地光强损失。
进一步来说，应该漫射LED灯泡的光输出，以便在其表面上方有光线近似均匀地发出，与白炽灯泡发光达到某个近似水平。过去，LED具有添加在它们外壳或主体上的漫射物将LED发出的光线展开。另一个方法是使LED外封装表面粗糙。这些方法没有一个实现LED灯泡的光线均匀分布，而且可能降低发光效率。实现近似的角向均匀性的方法还伴随着部分吸收性过程，进一步降低发光效率。另外，RGB(红、绿、蓝)系统可能难以将它们的光线在所有角度上充分地混到一起。
这个发明的目的是开发一种构建LED发出的光线的装置以及比目前可用的LED灯泡更接近白炽灯的LED灯泡，几乎没有或者完全没有光强损失。
发明内容
在本发明一个实施例中，至少一个外壳通常用来托住荧光粉，这种荧光粉将LED管芯发出的蓝色光转换成“白色”光，该至少一个外壳包含多个大小是LED光线主波长的分数的粒子，这些粒子瑞利散射该光线，导致红色优先散射。在本发明的另一个实施例中，该至少一个外壳既有荧光粉又有瑞利散射物质。
这个发明的又一个目的是开发一种构建LED灯泡发出的光线的装置，比使用目前可用方法的得到的LED灯泡更接近白炽灯的颜色，几乎没有或者完全没有光强损失。在本发明一个实施例中，该灯泡包含多个大小是LED光线主波长的分数的粒子，这些粒子瑞利散射该光线，导致红色优先散射。在本发明另一个实施例中，该灯泡的至少一个外壳只有瑞利散射物质。
这个发明还有一个目的是开发一种在LED灯泡表面上方近似均匀地分散光线的装置，几乎没有或者完全没有光强损失。在本发明一个实施例中，该灯泡包含尺寸是LED光线主波长或混色系统中多个LED的波长的一到几倍的粒子，这些粒子米氏散射该光线，导致该光线在灯泡表面上方近似均匀地分散。在本发明另一个实施中，该灯泡的至少一个外壳只有米氏散射物质。
根据另一个实施例，该方法包括从至少一个LED发射光线；并且通过在该LED灯泡的至少一个外壳中分布众多粒子来分散该至少一个LED发出的光线，该众多粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的主波长或混色系统中多个LED的波长的一到几倍。
根据又一个实施例，一种构建LED灯泡中的光线的方法，该LED灯泡比使用目前可用的方法得到的LED灯泡更接近白炽灯的颜色，该方法包括：从至少一个LED发射光线；并且通过将众多粒子分散在该LED灯泡的外壳中来优先散射该至少一个LED发出的红光，该众多粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的主波长或混色系统中多个LED的波长的分数。
根据另一个实施例，一种分散LED灯泡中的光线的方法，该方法包括：从至少一个LED发射光线；并且通过在LED灯泡中分布众多粒子来散射该至少一个LED发出的光线，该众多粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的主波长或混色系统中多个LED的波长的一到几倍。
根据又一个实施例，一种优先分散LED灯泡中的光线的方法，该方法包括从至少一个LED发射光线；并且通过在LED灯泡中分布众多粒子来散射该至少一个LED发出的光线，该众多粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的主波长或混色系统中多个LED的波长的一到几倍。
根据另一个实施例，一种LED包括LED管芯、封装或部分封装该管芯并且有众多粒子分散其中的外壳、而且其中该众多粒子的大小适于分散并/或优先散射从该LED发射的该波长的光线。
根据又一个实施例，一种LED灯泡包括具有至少一个外壳的灯泡、在该至少一个外壳中或在该灯泡中分散有众多粒子；在所述灯泡里边或光耦合到所述灯泡上的至少一个LED；而且其中所述众多粒子为这样的大小以分散并/或优先散射从该至少一个LED发射的该波长的光线。
附图说明
将所附的图形加进来以提供对该发明的进一步理解，而且并入并构成这个说明书的一部分。这些图形图示说明该发明的实施例而且跟说明书一起用于解释该发明的原理。在这些图形中，
图1是从LED发射的光线的横截面视图，该光线具有来自亚波长粒子的瑞利(rayleigh)散射。
图2是从LED发射的光线的横截面视图，该光线具有来自超波长粒子的米氏(Mie)散射。
图3是一种LED灯泡的横截面视图，示出嵌入灯泡中的LED，而且该灯泡及其外壳既包含瑞利散射物质又包含米氏散射物质。
图4是一种LED的横截面视图，示出嵌入塑料中的LED管芯，而且该塑料及其外壳既包含瑞利散射物质又包含米氏散射物质。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明的优选实施例，其示例在所附图形中图示说明。在任何可能的地方，在图形和说明书中使用的相同的附图标记是指相同或类似的部件。根据这些设计特征，下面给出对每个优选实施例的详细描述。
图1示出从LED发射的光线的横截面视图，根据第一实施例该光线由亚波长粒子20瑞利散射。如图1所示，典型的是入射光线10将会包括众多波长成分，其中包括基于LED内使用的发光材料(未示出)的波长50。例如，在典型的LED发射光谱中，从LED发射的对应于蓝颜色的波长50近似为430纳米。如图1所示，入射光10撞击到一组或众多被分散的具有有效直径60的粒子20上。有效直径60优选为主波长50的分数，为入射光10的瑞利反射构建条件。例如，一组被分散的粒子20可以是80纳米的氧化铝粒子。可理解的是可以使用其他合适的粒子，它们的有效直径60为发射光源或LED的波长50的分数而且构建瑞利散射。可理解的是粒子无需为球形，也无需近似球形，可以使用其他形状比如圆盘形或长杆形的粒子。如图1所示，短波成分30被粒子20散射，而具有长波成分的发射光线40基本上不受影响。因而发射光线40相对入射光线10在红颜色上加强了，而没有显著影响光强度。
图2示出从LED发射的光线的横截面视图，根据又一个实施例该光线具有来自众多超波长粒子70并对每个波长80等量散射的米氏散射。典型的是入射光线10将会包括众多波长成分，其中包括基于LED内使用的发光材料(未示出)的波长50。例如，在典型的LED发射光谱中，从LED发射的对应于蓝颜色的波长50近似为430纳米。如图2所示，入射光10撞击到一组或众多被分散的具有有效直径90的粒子70上。其中有效直径90比LED发射的光线的主波长50大。被分散的粒子70的有效直径90优选为大小是发光源的主波长50的一到几倍。例如，对于一种产生蓝色光的LED，一组被分散的粒子70可以是直径近似为1.1微米的氢氧化铝。可理解的是可以使用任何合适的粒子，它们的有效直径90比发射光源或LED的主波长50大而且构建米氏散射。可理解的是粒子无需为球形，也无需近似球形，可以使用其他形状比如圆盘形或长杆形的粒子。这构建起入射光10的米氏反射条件，其中入射波长50中每一个都散射成出射波长80。因而发射光线40或出射波长80相对入射光线10在方向上分散，而没有显著影响光强度。
图3示出根据一个实施例具有LED灯泡110的瑞利和米氏散射系统100的横截面视图，LED120嵌入灯泡110中。灯泡110包括嵌入灯泡110的内部130的LED120而且具有外表面或外壳140。LED灯泡110将至少一个LED120包含其内，所述的LED120在发光。如图3所示，灯泡110的内部130和外壳140包含一组被分散的粒子20、70，以根据瑞利和米氏散射产生对LED120产生的光线的散射，但是从LED120发射的光线可能包含几个波长，由于当前LED技术所限而被加强了，这是不希望发生的。为了优先散射从LED120发射的光线，灯泡外壳140以及灯泡110的主体或内部130都包含被分散的一组粒子20、70，大小既对应于瑞利散射20又对应于米氏散射70的波长。就产生蓝色光的LED120来说，一组被分散的粒子20、70产生的光线，比从LED120发射的光线更像白炽灯光线(即看上去不像蓝色)，还有比LED120的光发射角更分散而情况相反也可以。可理解的是灯泡110可以有不只一个外壳140，而且外壳140中的一个或多个或者内部130可以包含被分散的粒子20、70，这些粒子产生瑞利和/或米氏散射。
图4示出LED200的横截面视图，示出根据另一实施例嵌入塑料230中的LED管芯220。LED管芯220嵌入塑料230或内部232并且包括外壳240。塑料230和外壳240每个都将众多被分散的粒子20、70包含其中。众多被分散的粒子20、70每个都有有效直径以产生对LED200所产生的光线的瑞利和米氏散射。如图4所示，LED200将至少一个LED管芯220包含其内，LED管芯220发射具有一组被限定的波长的光源。典型的是，LED管芯200和相应的光源将会包含许多波长，但是由于当前技术所限在蓝色和紫外线上加强，这是不希望发生的。典型的是用荧光粉在LED外壳240上形成涂层将光线中的一些转换到更低频率上，使光线颜色更接近白炽灯的光线，但还是有不希望发生的蓝色上的加强。在LED200、外壳240和LED的主体230中都包含被分散的粒子20、70，每个都有有效直径60、90以产生对该光源的瑞利和米氏散射。结果是LED200发出的光线蓝色减少并且比管芯220发射的光线更像白炽灯的光线，还有比LED管芯220的光发射角更分散而情况相反也可以。添加被分散的粒子20、70可以作为荧光粉和通常添加到LED200上的光学器件的补充。
对本领域技术人员显然可以对本发明的结构进行各种更改和变型而不脱离该发明的范围或精神。有鉴于上述内容，其意图在于本发明覆盖所提供的这个发明的各种更改和变型，它们落入随后的权利要求及其同等物的范围。

Claims (16)

1.一种优先散射LED中某些波长的光线的方法，该方法包括：
从LED管芯发射光线；并且
通过在该LED的至少一个外壳或主体中分散众多粒子来散射该LED管芯发出的光线，这些粒子的大小是该LED管芯发出的光线的至少一个主波长的分数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该散射是瑞利散射。
3.一种优先散射LED灯泡中某些波长的光线的方法，该方法包括：
从至少一个LED发射光线；并且
通过在该LED灯泡的至少一个外壳中分散众多粒子来散射该LED发出的光线，这些粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的至少一个主波长的分数。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中该散射是瑞利散射。
5.一种优先散射LED灯泡中某些波长的光线的方法，该方法包括：
从至少一个LED发射光线；并且
通过在LED灯泡中分散众多粒子来散射该LED发出的光线，这些粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的至少一个主波长的分数。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中该散射是瑞利散射。
7.一种分射LED灯泡中的光线的方法，该方法包括：
从至少一个LED发射光线；并且
通过在LED灯泡中分布众多粒子来散射该至少一个LED发出的光线，这些粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的一个主波长的一到几倍。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中该散射是米氏散射。
9.一种分射LED灯泡中的光线的方法，该方法包括：
从至少一个LED发射光线；并且
通过在该LED灯泡的至少一个外壳中分布众多粒子来散射该至少一个LED发出的光线，这些粒子的大小是该至少一个LED发出的光线的一个主波长的一到几倍。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中该散射是米氏散射。
11.一种LED，包括
LED管芯；
至少一个封装或部分封装该管芯而且有众多粒子分散其中的外壳，而且其中该众多粒子的大小适于分散从该LED发射的光线并/或优先散射从该LED发射的某些波长的光线。
12.根据权利要求11所述的LED，其中该众多粒子包括的粒子的大小适于通过瑞利散射优先散射从该LED发射的红色光。
13.根据权利要求11所述的LED，其中该众多粒子包括的粒子的大小适于通过米氏散射分散从该LED发射的光线。
14.一种LED灯泡，包括
具有至少一个外壳的灯泡，该外壳有众多粒子分散其中；
在所述灯泡里边或光耦合到所述灯泡上的至少一个LED；并且
其中所述众多粒子的大小适于分散从该至少一个LED发射的光线并/或优先散射从该至少一个LED发射的某些波长的光线。
15.根据权利要求14所述的LED灯泡，其中该众多粒子包括的粒子的大小适于通过瑞利散射优先散射从该至少一个LED发射的某些波长的光线。
16.根据权利要求14所述的LED灯泡，其中该众多粒子包括的粒子的大小适于通过米氏散射分散从该至少一个LED发射的光线。
CNA2007800153039A 2006-05-02 2007-04-27 用于发光二极管及其构成的灯泡分散光并优先散射某些波长的光的方法 Pending CN101484964A (zh)

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US20120229018A1 (en) 2012-09-13
US20090200939A1 (en) 2009-08-13
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US8704442B2 (en) 2014-04-22
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US8569949B2 (en) 2013-10-29

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