CN101473571A - 基于重传的流修复和流加入 - Google Patents

基于重传的流修复和流加入 Download PDF

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CN101473571A
CN101473571A CNA200780022360XA CN200780022360A CN101473571A CN 101473571 A CN101473571 A CN 101473571A CN A200780022360X A CNA200780022360X A CN A200780022360XA CN 200780022360 A CN200780022360 A CN 200780022360A CN 101473571 A CN101473571 A CN 101473571A
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CN101473571B (zh
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戴维·R·奥兰
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/35—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming involving non-standard use of addresses for implementing network functionalities, e.g. coding subscription information within the address or functional addressing, i.e. assigning an address to a function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/611—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for multicast or broadcast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/65—Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14—Session management
    • H04L67/141—Setup of application sessions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/326—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the transport layer [OSI layer 4]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0093—Point-to-multipoint

Abstract

实时传输协议(RTP)和与其有关的标准定义了重传分组格式和通过数据已经丢失的否定确认(NACK)分组进行反馈的方式。在一个实施例中，单播RTP修复会话与主要的特定源多播(SSM)多播会话相关联。实时传输控制协议(RTCP)NACK分组(28)然后被用于反馈到SSM反馈目标地址。这动态地例示出用于多播会话的单播RTP修复。该修复方案可被用于修复多播信道或者加入新多播信道。在另一实施例中，媒体传送设备与一个或多个其它媒体传送设备共享IP地址。被共享的IP地址还可以被用于将多个相同的多播媒体流(14)路由到不同的媒体流接收器(24)。

Description

基于重传的流修复和流加入
技术领域
本公开内容一般涉及用于基于因特网协议(IP)的媒体流的基于重传的修复和快速流加入方案。
背景技术
实时传输协议(RTP)和与其有关的标准定义了重传分组格式和通过数据已经丢失的否定确认(NACK)分组进行反馈的方式。下面的标准RTP(RFC 3550)、RTP重传(RFC 4588)、RTCP反馈(RFC 4585)和利用SSM会话的RTCP(draft-ietf-avt-rtcpssm-11.txt)都通过引用被结合于此，并且描述了单播反馈、用于单播会话的重传和用于多播会话的带有多播重传的单播反馈。
然而，当RTP协议组被针对某些类型的因特网协议(IP)媒体传送(诸如向不同端点传送流播视频)而使用时，其具有局限性。例如，RTP和任何其它公共媒体传输协议都不能在没有数据丢失的情况下执行多播媒体流的单播修复或者不同多播媒体流之间的快速有效切换。
附图说明
图1示出在用于多播媒体流的旁视模式(lookaside mode)中使用的修复方案。
图2示出利用IP任播(anycast)地址的图1中的修复方案。
图3是示出不同媒体流如何能够与不同IP任播地址相关联的示图。
图4是示出修复方案如何被用在源模式中的示图。
图5是示出用于信道加入的重传方案的另一实施例的示图。
图6是更具体地说明在图5中所示的重传方案的流程图。
具体实施方式
基于实时传输协议(RTP)的单播修复方案被用于修复RTP多播流中的错误。通过将新媒体流的加入建模作为修复操作，修复方案还被扩展用于快速加入媒体信道。应当注意，术语“信道”和“流”在下面可以互换使用。
参考图1，媒体流源12可以是可通过因特网协议(IP)网络10源发出诸如视频、音频、语音、数据，等等的IP媒体的服务器、计算机或者任何其它类型的网络处理设备。在本示例中，媒体流源12通过IP网络10传送多播媒体流14，多播媒体流14被不同媒体流接收器24A-24N接收，并且还被重传系统18接收。
媒体流接收器24可以是接收、存储或者提供多播媒体流14的任何设备。例如，媒体流接收器24可以是机顶盒(STB)、数字视频记录仪(DVR)、计算机终端、个人计算机(PC)、具有IP接口的电视、基于IP的语音(VoIP)电话、蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)，等等。重传系统18可以是缓存并重传多播媒体流14的部分的任何类型的媒体服务器。媒体流源12和重传系统18被示为单独的设备，但是它们可以存在于相同的实体位置处，并且可以通过局域网(LAN)或其它底板连接(backplane connectivity)而连接在一起。
在一个实施例中，特定源多播(SSM)多播会话被建立用于在媒体流源12和一个或多个媒体流接收器24之间传送多播媒体流14。媒体流源12知道用于传送特殊媒体流的IP地址和端口。重传系统18知道什么IP地址和端口用于接收媒体流和什么地址和端口用于发送重传。媒体流接收器24知道什么IP地址和端口用于监听媒体流和重传以及向哪里发送重传请求。所有这些地址和端口信息可以利用会话描述协议(SDP)来描述，但其它媒体描述方案也可以使用。
反馈目标IP地址16被媒体流接收器24作为目的地地址用于请求重传多播媒体流14的部分。例如，来自多播媒体流14的分组可能不能成功到达特殊媒体流接收器，或者可能以恶化状态被接收。
媒体流接收器24向与反馈目标IP地址16相关联的重传系统18发送包括用于识别丢失媒体分组的信息30的重传请求28。在一个示例中，重传请求28是利用反馈目标地址16作为目的地地址29的单播实时传输控制协议(RTCP)否定确认(NACK)分组。如果从重传系统到请求接收器的单播RTP修复会话还没有存在的话，则向重传系统18发送单播RTCPNACK分组28动态地例示出这样的会话。
重传系统18包括媒体缓存器22，媒体缓存器22用于缓存来自多播媒体流14的分组的近来的历史。在单播RTP修复会话期间，多播媒体流14的丢失分组在重传请求28的丢失分组信息30中被识别出。重传系统18识别出媒体缓存器22中的与重传请求28中的丢失或者恶化分组的信息30相对应的分组。
媒体缓存器22中被识别出的媒体分组作为单播媒体修复分组34而被发送返回请求媒体流接收器28。媒体流接收器24然后将接收到的单播媒体修复分组34插入媒体流14中相应的丢失分组位置处。因此，在一个实施例中，修复会话使用单播NACK分组28和单播媒体修复分组37来修复多播媒体会话。
在图1中所示的媒体配置被称为“旁视模式”，因为重传系统18(修复元件)没有被要求将初始媒体流14中继到媒体流接收器24。而是，媒体流源12将媒体流14直接多播传送到接收器24。旁视模式可以产生较高的可用性，因为如果重传系统18损毁或者变得不能用时，媒体流14不一定会被中断。
在本示例中，只有当重传系统18故障时，单播修复功能才停止。因为重传系统18只接收并缓存多播媒体流14，并且还不必向媒体流接收器24重传媒体流14，所以还提供了更高的性能。因此，通过仅仅提供媒体流修复，重传系统18的恒定工作要素则被减半。
在该旁视模式中，重传系统18通过使用和与SSM媒体流源12相关联的源IP地址不同的用于重传系统18的反馈目标地址16而与媒体流源12相区别。
参考图2，为了提供高可用性和载荷共享，修复方案的一个实施例使用IP任播地址46作为用于重传系统18的反馈目标地址。这使得修复操作能够适应性地指向当前最佳可用的重传系统18A或18B。任播地址方案采用了IP单播路由的度量，该度量自动将分组路由到与最便宜的IP路由成本相关联的网络处理设备。
为了更详细地解释，消息40识别用于能够用于修复多播媒体流14的多个不同重传系统18A和18B的单个IP任播地址46。此SDP被提供给重传系统18A和18B以及接收器，以便它们将它们的重传请求指向此任播反馈地址。重传系统18A和18B缓存媒体流14，并且能够用于将丢失分组重传到任意的媒体流接收器24A-24D。
重传系统18A和18B共享在消息40中所识别的相同IP任播源地址46。IP任播地址涉及被多个网络处理设备同时用作目的地地址的单播IP地址。在本示例中，共享IP地址46的网络处理设备包括重传系统18A和18B。
重传系统18A和18B以及媒体流接收器24按照与上面在图1中所描述的实质上相同的方式进行操作。在本示例中，所有媒体流接收器24A-24D都接收来自媒体流源12的相同多播媒体流14。或者，媒体流接收器24可以通过源自重传系统18A和18B的其中之一的单独多播流来间接接收多播媒体流14。本实施例被称为“源模式”，并且下面在图4中被更具体地描述。
任何媒体流接收器24A-24D都可以从多播媒体流14检测丢失的或者恶化的分组或帧。在响应中，接收器24发出单播NACK重传请求消息44。为了解释的目的，图2中的每个媒体流接收器24A-24D当前都正在接收媒体流14，并且它们中的一个或多个已经从媒体流14识别出丢失的帧。经历丢失或恶化的接收器24A-24D分别发送重传请求消息44A-44D。
重传请求消息44A-44D中的每个分别包括相同IP任播目的地地址46和相关联的媒体流接收器源地址48A-48D。重传请求消息44A-44D还包括用于识别哪些帧从多播媒体流14中丢失的丢失分组信息。
IP网络10中的路由器42和44使用内部路由度量来选择重传系统18A和18B中的哪个具有用于路由消息44A-44D的最便宜的IP路由成本。因为IP任播地址46被两个不同网络处理设备18A和18B所共享，所以路由器42和43中的传统的路由度量将自动选择两个设备18A和18B中的一个用于重传任何消息44A-44D。在本示例中，路由器42确定重传系统18A具有用于从接收器24A和24B分别接收的重传请求消息44A和44B的最短路由路径。或者，路由器43确定重传系统18B具有用于从接收器24C和24D分别接收的重传请求消息44C和44D的最短路由路径。
重传系统18A接收单播NACK重传请求消息44A和44B，并且重传系统18B接收单播NACK重传请求消息44C和44D。重传系统18A通过将来自其缓存器的多播媒体流14的单播媒体修复分组发送返回接收器24A和24B来返回响应。例如，重传系统18A将单播媒体修复分组34发送返回在消息44B中所识别的媒体流接收器24B。重传系统18B通过将来自其缓存器的多播媒体流14的单播媒体修复分组分别发送返回接收器24C和24D来响应重传请求消息44C和44D。
当使用与上面在图1中所描述的实质上相同的修复方案时，这样的重传请求44A-44D的分布式路由既增加了可用性又增加了载荷共享能力。例如，如果重传系统18A或18B失效，则路由器42和44将自动从内部路由表中丢弃失效的重传系统。因此，先前被路由到失效的重传系统18的修复请求被自动重新路由到可操作的重传系统18中的不同的一个系统。
图3示出不同IP任播地址被用作用于不同媒体流54和56的反馈地址的。这通过使得一个或多个不同重传系统50和52能够与不同多播媒体流相关联而进一步增加了媒体修复方案的可扩展性。
例如，一个或多个重传系统50可以被特定地指定用于为特殊多播媒体流54提供媒体分组修复。在特定源多播(SSM)多播会话中被识别用于多播媒体流54的反馈目标IP任播地址被用作重传系统50的每个系统的源地址。类似地，一个或多个重传系统52可以被指定用于为不同多播媒体流56提供媒体分组修复支持。在SSM多播会话中被识别用于多播媒体流56的反馈目标IP任播地址被用作重传系统52的每个系统的源地址。
在本示例中，媒体流接收器24B正在接收用于多播媒体流54的分组。如果多播分组的任何分组丢失，则媒体流接收器24B向与多播媒体流54相关联的IP任播目的地地址X发送单播NACK重传请求消息58。IP基础结构中的路由器(未示出)自动将重传请求消息58路由到重传系统50的一个系统，并且该系统然后发送返回包含所识别出的丢失分组的单播媒体修复分组。
这样，不同重传系统可以与不同媒体流相关联，以进一步增加修复方案的可扩展性。然而，在其它实施例中，重传系统50可以为不止一个媒体流提供修复支持。
图4示出用于修复方案的替代“源模式”。在该源模式中，重传源70提供媒体流修复，并且也像媒体流源12初始生成的用于多播流14的SSM分布源那样进行操作。媒体流源12可以是本地编码器、本地接合器(splicer)，或者是在IP网络10中从重传源70A和70B远程操纵的单独媒体流服务器。
重传源70A将初始媒体流14缓存在媒体缓存器22A中，并且如果有必要，则作为合法RTP混合器/翻译器(translator)根据RTP规范进行操作来重新源发出所接收的媒体流14。类似地，重传源70B将缓存在媒体缓存器22B中的初始媒体流14作为多播媒体流64重传。
在该源模式中，当多播媒体流分组丢失时，重传源70A和70B仍然接收到来自媒体流接收器24的单播NACK重传请求消息44。重传源70相应地发送返回包含被请求的丢失媒体的单播媒体修复分组34。
在一个实施例中，两个重传源70A和70B仍然也是共享相同的IP源地址46。此用于反馈目标的公共IP源地址46可以被再次识别用于使用带外或带内消息传递的多播媒体会话。在媒体流源12、重传源70和媒体流接收器24之间交换的消息60将媒体流14与反馈目标IP单播地址46关联起来。
共享相同IP目的地地址46以与上面在图2中所描述的相同的方式为类似的修复方案提供了高可用性和载荷共享。然而，图4中的重传源70A和70B还作为用于媒体流14的重传源进行操作。因此，相对于初始媒体流14的多播传送，共享相同SSM源地址46还提供了更高的可用性和载荷共享。将任播IP地址用作用于媒体源的SSM源地址也提供了此能力。
例如，重传源70A重新发起媒体流14作为多播媒体流62，并且重传源70B重新发起媒体流14作为多播媒体流64。用于多播媒体流62的多播分组72和来自多播媒体流64的多播分组74中使用相同的源IP地址46。
IP网络10中用于接收具有相同源地址的媒体流62和64的任何路由器42根据被认为是“反向路径重传”的多播路由的基本特性而自动丢弃用于两个流中的一个流的分组。对于在多播树上重传的分组，只有从上游分枝接收的指向树的根处的源IP地址的那些分组才被接受用于重传。在本示例中，路由器42丢弃了用于媒体流64的多播分组，并且仅仅将用于媒体流62的多播分组72路由到媒体流接收器24。
如果重传源70A永远失效，则路由器42将重新计算内部路由度量，并且然后自动开始将用于媒体流64的多播分组74路由到媒体流接收器24。因此，使用共享的IP任播地址46和SSM源地址也为多播媒体流源提供了冗余和载荷共享。
被共享的IP源地址46通过使得重传源70A或70B像上面在图3中描述的那样接收并响应由媒体流接收器24中的任何媒体流接收器发送的重传请求44而依然如上面在图3中描述的那样增加了重传修复冗余和载荷平衡。也有可能重传源70中的一个在其它重传源70通过接收单播重传请求44并以媒体修复分组34返回响应时结束向接收器24重新发起多播媒体流。
用于快速流加入的修复方案的扩展
与媒体流修复操作相比，可以对流加入提供若干评述。正在加入新RTP会话的媒体流接收器可能不知道需要向哪些分组提供当前的流。此外，由于可能涉及多播视频会话，所以媒体流接收器很可能在时间上“落后”于多播流，并且可能需要“追赶”。这是很重要的，因为媒体流接收器可能不能提供媒体流，直到其接收到可能在该媒体流接收器试图加入多播会话很短时间之前通过的经过帧内编码的帧为止。
参考图5，快速流加入方案(或者被称为快速信道加入)使用了上述多种修复方案。多个不同的多播媒体流82A-82N分别由不同的媒体流源80A-80N生成。媒体流所使用的同步源(SSRC)在带外被以SDP消息84传送给媒体流接收器24。SDP消息84还包括用于如上所述的与修复多播媒体流相关联的一个或多个重传系统86。
媒体流接收器24检测加入新多播媒体流的请求，并且向重传系统86发送指定接收器希望接收的新信道的单播请求96。信道加入请求可以例如通过检测使用用户接口94的用户的机顶盒来被检测，以选择新的或不同的多播媒体信道。
在一个实施例中的单播信道加入请求96实质上与上面在图1-4中所描述的RTCP NACK重传请求消息相同。但是，在本实施例中，消息96是包含图像丢失指示(PLI)98的NACK分组。PLI指示98通知重传系统86发送需要被加入新识别的媒体流102的所有信息。替代地请求来自已经连接的媒体流的特定丢失分组是与图1中的重传请求消息28不同的。
信道加入请求96由媒体流接收器24发送到与被识别的新媒体流102相关联的用于重传系统86的反馈目标地址100。需要注意，快速信道/流加入发起的方案类似于上面描述的修复方案，因为其采用相同的NACK和重传机制。
参考图5和图6，重传系统86在接收到信道加入请求96时执行下面的操作。在操作110中，重传系统86使用单播NACK信道加入请求96中的SSRC 102、NACK分组的目的地传输地址和端口来确定接收器24正在加入哪个媒体流信道。如上所述，SSRC 102之前在SDP消息84的信道描述中已被传送给接收器24。
在操作112中，重传系统86使用所缓存的用于被选择的媒体流的视频信息来从缓存器提取接收器24可能需要用来“起动”其解码器97的所有元素。这可以包括运动图像专家组(MPEG)节目关联表(PAT)和节目映射表(PMT)元素、加密控制消息(ECM)以及解码器97所需的其它可能的非视频数据。在操作114中，重传系统86构建特定于应用(APP)的实时传输控制协议(RTCP)解码器分组88，并且在操作116中将解码器起动分组88发送给请求信道加入的媒体流接收器26。
在操作118中，重传系统86再次参考媒体缓存器87以识别包含最近缓存的经过帧内编码的帧(I帧)的RTP数据。在操作120中，重传系统86发送被缓存的包含I帧的RTP分组和所有随后的帧，直到媒体流接收器24的当前缓存时间为止。被识别出的帧90以比接收器24实际提供分组中的媒体更快(即，比实际时间更快)的速度被突发传送给接收器24。这通过使得接收器能够提供返回之前的I帧的视频而加快了信道加入过程。
被发送返回的流部分不一定是简单加入新流的。接收器可以通过得知用于媒体流的SDP并执行传统的IGMP加入操作而在不请求信道加入的情况下加入流。从之前的I帧返回的所存储的数据的突发使得接收器在加入完成并且下一I帧到达之前就开始提供。如果数据突发传送地没有实际时间快，则接收器将不能“追赶”上多播流，其中，多播流在时间上先于接收器。因此，突发帧本质上“反向填充”到先前的I帧，接收器因此能够在多播流中的下一I帧到达之前就提供媒体。
接收器24中的解码器97被以来自解码器分组88和媒体帧90的信息起动。在被起动并且接收到突发之后，接收器24可以加入用于新流的多播组，并且可以开始提供来自被加的多播媒体流82N的任何随后的媒体。
像基本分组修复操作那样，快速信道加入方案可以采用图3和图2的旁视模式方案或者图4所示的源模式方案中提供的基于任播的可用性和载荷共享特征的任何特征。
预期到各种实施，其中，修复或信道加入方案被通过经由各种接入网络提供IPTV服务的服务提供上所使用，所述接入网络包括但不限于数字订户回路(DSL)、电缆、WiMax，等等。
还应当注意，媒体修复和信道加入方案本质上无状态。除了在修复和信道加入期间，它们对于各个接收器保持无状态。这使得该系统能够比潜在地希望请求修复或信道加入操作的其中在重传系统中对于各个接收器保持永久或半永久状态的系统具有更好的比例。IP网络中的路由器的正常路由状态提供了确保重传请求或信道加入请求被指向到可操作的重传系统18所需的任何消息。IP网络路由器中的路由度量作为副产品还提供了一定程度的载荷平衡。
因此，不需要与媒体流相关联的媒体源、重传系统和媒体流接收器来跟踪哪些媒体流源或哪些重传系统是可操作的，或者哪些媒体流接收器当前被连接到哪些媒体流。
RTP单播修复方案还不要求重传系统记住哪些修复或信道加入分组已经之前被接收或被发送给媒体流接收器。每个重传或信道加入请求可以是由重传系统在不需要知道之前对该请求接收器已经执行了哪些其它修复操作的情况下而使用单个响应或一组响应来答复的单个整体请求。
因此，利用具有上述扩展的RTP协议机制使得能够创建一种既用于基于重传的媒体流修复又用于快速信道加入(即，流加入)的统一技术。以旁视模式或者以源模式进行的操作都可以使用基于任播的反馈寻址来改进可扩展性、健壮性和性能。单独的操作被利用公共机制、低协议、状态和计算开销而被统一。
上述系统可以专用于执行一些或者所有这些操作的处理器系统、微控制器、可编程逻辑设备或者微处理器。上述这些操作中的一些可以以软件来实现，并且其它操作可以以硬件来实现。
为方便起见，操作被描述为各种互连的功能块或者不同的软件模块。然而，并不一定是这样的，并且可以有这样地情形，其中这些功能块或模块被以不清楚的边界等同地集合到一个逻辑设备、程序或操作中。在任何情况中，功能块和软件模块或灵活接口的特征可以以硬件或软件的方式自身实现，或者与其它操作组合实现。
已经以本发明的优选实施例描述和说明了本发明的原理，很明显，在不脱离此原理的情况下可以在设置和细节上修改本发明。我/我们请求所有修改和变体都落入下面的权利要求书的精神和范围。

Claims (19)

1.一种装置，包括：
媒体重传设备，其缓存因特网协议(IP)传送的媒体流的多个部分，并且与一个或多个其它媒体重传设备共享IP地址，被共享的IP地址使得来自特定媒体流接收器的重传请求根据所述媒体重传设备和媒体流接收器的子集之间的IP网络拓扑关系而被分配回所述媒体流重传设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述被共享的IP地址使得IP网络路由器将从所述媒体流接收器发送的重传请求分配给共享所述IP地址并且具有最便宜的IP路由成本的不同媒体重传设备。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述被共享的IP地址是IP任播地址。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述媒体重传设备缓存来自媒体流源的多播媒体流分组，并且接收来自使用所述被共享的IP地址的媒体流接收器的单播重传请求分组。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其中，所述媒体重传设备将单播媒体修复分组发送回发送了包含所述多播媒体流的丢失部分的重传请求分组的媒体流接收器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述重传请求是使用所述被共享的IP地址作为目的地地址的实时传输控制协议(RTCP)否定确认(NACK)分组。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述媒体重传设备既充当所述媒体流的初始传送源又充当重传修复源。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述媒体重传设备只充当所述媒体流的重传源，并且第二传送设备充当所述媒体流的初始传送源。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所接收的重传请求和相同的共享IP地址在被识别作为媒体流修复请求时，使得所述媒体重传设备发回从所述媒体流丢失或恶化的被缓存的媒体流分组，并且在被识别作为信道加入请求时，使得所述媒体重传设备发送解码新媒体流所需的一组缓存的媒体流帧和解码器信息。
10.一种装置，包括：
媒体流接收器，其被配置为发送单播重传请求，该单播重传请求用于请求重传当前接收的多播媒体流的一部分或用于请求加入新多播媒体流，
所述媒体流接收器还被配置为接收返回的单播修复分组，所述返回的单播修复分组包含所述当前接收的媒体流的被请求的部分或者包含所述被请求的新媒体流的一部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述用于请求重传所述当前接收的媒体流的单播重传请求是实时传输控制协议(RTCP)否定确认(NACK)分组，并且所述用于请求加入新媒体流的单播重传请求是报告图像丢失指示(PLI)的RTCP NACK分组。
12.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述媒体流接收器以所述重传请求发送丢失分组消息，所述丢失分组消息使得所述当前接收的媒体流的被识别的部分被传回，并且发送信道加入消息，以使得解码新媒体流所需的新媒体流的解码器信息部分被传回。
13.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述媒体流接收器使用被多个不同重传设备共享的所述重传请求中的因特网协议(IP)任播目的地地址，所述IP任播目的地地址使得所述重传请求被路由到所述多个不同重传设备中具有最便宜的路由成本的一个重传设备。
14.一种装置，包括：
媒体传送设备，其被配置为缓存多播媒体流的一部分，
所述媒体传送设备还被配置为接收单播因特网协议(IP)消息，所述单播因特网协议(IP)消息请求重传所述多播媒体流的至少一部分并且然后单播返回与所请求的多播媒体流的部分相对应的被缓存的所述多播媒体流的部分。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置，其中，所述媒体传送设备既充当多播所述媒体流的初始传送源又充当用于重传返回在所述单播IP消息中所请求的被缓存的所述媒体流的部分的重传源。
16.根据权利要求14所述的装置，其中，所述媒体传送设备被配置为识别所述单播IP消息中的重传从所述多播媒体流丢失的媒体分组的请求，并且然后发回与所述丢失的媒体分组相对应的被缓存的所述多播媒体流的部分。
17.根据权利要求14所述的装置，其中，所述媒体传送设备被配置为识别所述单播IP消息中的加入新媒体流的请求，并且然后突发返回被缓存的数据以使得接收器能够开始提供所述新媒体流。
18.根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中，所述媒体传送设备被配置为发送解码器信息，并且突发传送一组被缓存的媒体流，该组被缓存的媒体流包括经帧内编码的媒体帧(I帧)，所述I帧是用于在下一I帧在针对所述流的本地多播中被传送之前解码所述新媒体流的部分所需的。
19.根据权利要求14所述的装置，其中，所述媒体传送设备被配置为传送多播媒体流，并且与传送相同多播媒体流的其它媒体传送设备共享因特网协议(IP)源地址，被共享的IP源地址使得只有所述多个多播媒体流中的一个被路由到任意一个媒体流接收器。
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