CN1014666B - 具有归一化通知的通信系统 - Google Patents

具有归一化通知的通信系统

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Publication number
CN1014666B
CN1014666B CN87103996A CN87103996A CN1014666B CN 1014666 B CN1014666 B CN 1014666B CN 87103996 A CN87103996 A CN 87103996A CN 87103996 A CN87103996 A CN 87103996A CN 1014666 B CN1014666 B CN 1014666B
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message
receiver
mentioned
terminal
notice
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CN87103996A (zh
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罗伯塔·斯利夫肯·科亨
肯尼斯·马文·胡伯
德伯拉·约翰那·米尔斯
米龙·欧根·德拉帕尔
杰尼斯·拉尔·奥斯特威尔
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Nokia Bell Labs
AT&T Corp
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AT&T Bell Laboratories Inc
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Publication of CN87103996A publication Critical patent/CN87103996A/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/06Message adaptation to terminal or network requirements
    • H04L51/066Format adaptation, e.g. format conversion or compression
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10Office automation; Time management
    • G06Q10/107Computer-aided management of electronic mailing [e-mailing]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • H04M3/53Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
    • H04M3/5307Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems for recording messages comprising any combination of audio and non-audio components
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • H04M3/53Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
    • H04M3/533Voice mail systems
    • H04M3/53325Interconnection arrangements between voice mail systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • H04M3/53Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
    • H04M3/537Arrangements for indicating the presence of a recorded message, whereby the presence information might include a preview or summary of the message
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2201/00Electronic components, circuits, software, systems or apparatus used in telephone systems
    • H04M2201/60Medium conversion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2203/00Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M2203/45Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to voicemail messaging
    • H04M2203/4509Unified messaging with single point of access to voicemail and other mail or messaging systems

Abstract

归一化通知的构思是为各种类型的消息提供一个单一的电子信箱。该信箱可以位于用户的主计算机、PBX、PC等之内,该用户具有建立、接收和控制消息的常用设备。为了接收,这些消息可从一个媒体里变到另一个媒体里,一个单一的消息可包括几个部分,这些部分应用不同的天然媒体。该消息的收信人有一个单一的、可控的联系点,在这点上所有的消息都能被扫描或被看到。

Description

本发明涉及通信系统的消息通知系统,特别涉及这样的系统,即在该系统中将从各种媒体中接收的消息全部报告给一个单一点上的一个用户。
在过去几年来,设置一个在被叫用户不可能到达时,把一些话音消息接收下来的通信系统已是常见的事了。这些已接收的消息被记录下来,并且发给被叫用户一个通知(通常是一个发光的指示灯)指明有一个消息正在等待。
随着数据终端的普及,人们已经开始使用数据网络来互相传送“邮件”消息。这些消息被送往被叫用户的主计算计,并排队等候被叫用户请求将它们显示在其主计算机相联的一个终端屏幕上。虽然这种安排是通信演变过程中的一大进步,但由于用户并非总能使用该终端,因而还存在一些问题。例如,如果一个数据消息将被送到一个电子设备的地址处,而这个收信人却在远离他(她)的主计算机的地方,则被接收的消息不能送给收信人。同样地,这个收信人甚至根本不知道有一个消息已经送到了。
当用户们具有几个不同的电子“邮件”服务器(electronic“mail”service)时,问题更为复杂。用户必须记住每个服务器(service)才能弄清消息是否正在等待。然后按照不同的方式,甚至可能要用不同的终端从每个服务器中取出每个消息。
我们已经建成了一种通知系统,该系统允许一个用户收信人指定一个服务器作为传出/传入该用户的任何其它服务器的消息的中心底。例如:如果用户有一个与用户话机相联的话音邮件服务器(voice    mail    service)和一个由终端(或个人计算机PC)提供的数据邮件服务器,则该用户可指定其中的任一个作为收信服务器(recipient    service)。这样当消息到达任一个服务器时,只由收信服务器发出该消息到达的通知。
例如,假设用户选定数据邮件服务器作为收信服务器,则由话音服务器送来的话音消息将在与服务于邮件服务器的主计算机相联的数据终端上显示一个消息,以指明收到一个话音消息。然后,该用户可用通常的方式从话音终端取出这个话音消息,或者该用户可在终端屏幕上看到该消息的摘要。另一种情况,假设该用户已经指定话音服务器作为收信服务器,那么与话音终端相联的发光指示灯或其它装置指明该消息已经到来。然后,该用户可设法取到这些消息,并得到一个通知,说一些正在等待的消息是在终端上收到的电子消息。在一个实施例中,该用户然后可以通过话音终端请求将该数据消息转换成话音,这样,即使在没有数据终端可用的情况下,该用户也能听见该消息。有些话音终端具有与其相联的数据显示器,在这种情况下,该数据 消息能由话音终端显示器显示出来。
本发明的这些和其它的目的和特点及其操作与使用从以下附图和有说明性的实施例会看得更清楚,其中
图1是我们系统的总体方框图;
图2示出一种典型的键盘和告警的装置;
图3~5示出该系统控制结构的方框图;
图6~9示出了各种消息的情况;
图10~14示出了消息处理的流程图;
图15示出了我们消息系统的方框图。
图1所示的归一化的通知系统(UMS)10基于综合了几个原则,这些原则构成我们通知系统的所有方面的基础。这些原则可划分为三部分。第一,UMS为基本的一套协调的服务特性(consistent    service    attribute)(如归一化的通知信箱、归一化的通知取出和归一化的通知设备)规定指示原则。第二,建立用于通知服务器的用户接口原则,以给用户一套一致的用于所有通知服务器的名称和及语义,这是由归一化的告警/通知和归一化的消息取出命令来提供的。第三,UMS提供了一个基本的应用结构,或归一化的连网能力,从而使得所有通知服务器能够互相通信。
归一化的通知系统10是所有消息的一个访问点,这些消息与消息的类型无关与消息的来源无关。使这种能力成为可能是靠一个成为基础的消息传送机构(下文说明)来实现的,该消息传送机构能把消息和消息的通知从一个服务器传到另一个服务器。这种传送可以在系统控制下,也可在用户直接控制下进行。
用户能够使用几种类型的终端中的任一种,例如,来自任何位置(本地的或远方的)的终端101~108,作为其归一化通知的信箱,从他们选用的归一化通知信箱中取出消息。这样,用户可以对任一个通知服务器,如电子邮件110、话音邮件109、专用数据系统111、本地的区域网络112、消息报导中心113、或传真114进行归一化的“访问”。如图1所示的这些服务器中,一部分直接由专用的小交换机(PBX)12控制,另一部分由归一化的通知系统10控制。
然而,由于某些取出装置或某些消息服务器的技术受到限制,用户们可能以一定的方式只能取出一个消息或几个消息中的一部分。如用户从一个数据终端(103~107)只能取出话音邮件的头部或识别发信人、日期和时间等的摘要。利用这个报头信息,用户可以选出所需的消息,并在相关的话机(Voice    station)101-102上收听完整的话音消息。具有有限显示功能的电话102只能取出摘要和简短的消息。报文/语言转换器13应用公知的用于媒体转换的、报文/语言转换技术,使得大多数类型的消息都可由常规的话音电话101、102以话音的形式取出。
发信人能够在不知道收信人的取信系统或取信装置的情况下建立一个消息,如一个电子邮件的用户可以产生一个会议通知,并将其发给几个人。这些收信人可能是、也可能不是电子邮件的用户。一个收信人可从以下途径收到这会议通知:(1)从美国邮政服务社(United    States    Postal    Service)通过电子报纸邮递的途径(2)经报文/语言转换器,或音(3)通过消息中心的媒体(message    center    agent)。而另一个收信人则可能是在个人计算机上收到该会议通知。但无论那种情况,发信人都可简便地建立会议通知,以常规的方式输入收信人的姓名和地址,而在不必须知道收信人的收信服务器或收信装置的情况下把该邮件寄出。正是由于该发信人指定他/她的服务器109-114中的一个作为收信服务器,因此所有的消息或者消息的通知都送往该指定的接收器。
每当用户指定的接收器收到一个新消息时,不管是报文、话音还是传真,用户都会得到对这个事实的告警。实现告警,如可通过点亮用户的话音终端101或102(图1)面板201(图2)上的消息等待指示灯(MWL)20。数据终端上的告警是通过启用电子终端的终端屏幕指示器来告知用户。用户们看到点亮的指示灯或屏幕指示器,然后便可着手他们的接收服务器,按预定方式取出它们的消息。这些新消息的通知是在该信箱内以屏幕上显示的图或单线线条(singleline    entry)来表示的。在消息不可能被传送的情况下,这些通知就告诉用户们在其它服务器的新消息所在的地方。
每个终端都可使用一套协调的消息取出命令。图2示出了典型的话音终端键盘使用的一些基本消息取出命令的配置。该接口可用于如话音存贮转发服务器和报文消息的报文语言收取器。这些相同的消息取出命令也能用于有限字符显示终端和全屏幕显示终端。
图3示出了所述系统的控制或应用结构。该应用结构的目标是为分布在整个网络中的各应用之间 的相互操作及协同操作提供一个基础,并保证用户使用不同产品的情况下使基本通信业务的用户端保持一致性。这种应用结构包括应用层302展示(presentation)层303和用户接口层301。
用户接口层301是终端用户与系统的相互作用点。它规定了收集用户而输入和向用户显示信息(包括反馈信息、错误和数据)的标准格式和能力。各种用户应用(application)(109、110、111)也可以利用用户接口层以标准方式来采集用户输入并显示信息。
如图3所示,应用层302包括两个主要部件,即(1)消息服务结构40,它包含传输有关“支持存贮和向前传送消息传递”服务的独立应用(application)和服务功能特定的应用。和(2)内容描述结构50,它提供一种识别和描述穿过不同系统的内容的标准方法。
展示层303在涉及表示传输信息格式选择(传输语法的选择)的同等应用之间处理协议的谈判。展示层303也用来规定与文件编码和转换(303-10)、密码编码和转换(303-20)和话音编码及转换(303-30)相同的功能。
如图4所示,消息服务结构40包括三个部件:消息传送头401、消息服务协议404-405和消息报告头402。
信息传送头401是信封,它包含与消息传送有关的信息,即:源地址和目地地址、时间戳记(time-st-amp)和各种传送选择(如服务等级)。消息报告头402用于回传有关的状态信息。消息服务协议404-405包含具体的通知应用器,如电子邮件405(如拷贝到(co-py-to)、主题)和通知业务404(如消息等待指示器、信息传送)所需的功能。
暂时离开正题,图15详细说明了在归一化的通知系统(UMS)和邮件服务器之间交换的消息。这些消息有4种行动:(1)更新、(2)询问;(3)响应和(4)通知。更新消息包括请求更新告警机构使如指示灯的亮/灭、请求更新存贮在呼叫报道(信息中心)服务器中的旋程信息,以准确的回答电话呼叫,以及请求更新前向状态(forwardins    status),(如,使从呼叫报道中心到邮件服务器的自动传送的通/断)。询问用于查询准确的状态信息(如:前向传送是开还是关,最新的旅程信息是什么,有无新话音邮件,等等)和响应用于回答询问。通知是从UMS发到邮件服务器,以通知用户们在它们的其它服务器上有新消息。
图5示出描述消息内容的内容描述结构50。内容可以象用户输入的报文消息那样简单,或象包括图和展宽页(spread    sheet)的文字处理的文件中话音消息那样复杂。内容描述结构50的基本结构是与消息服务结构并列的。它包括统一的内容描述头(UCDH)501、内容服务协议和被描述的内容。UCDH501内含对各种内容的类型、内容的编码特点和内容长度描述的范围。这对描述简单内容(如非格式的报文消息)或具有适当规定和标准化结构的内容完全够了。内容描述结构50还提供描述非标准结构的功能。
在UCDH之后是内容服务器502、503。这些服务器提供随着消息401、404、405传送的内容有关的附加信息,这些信息可能包括该内容的具体格式,建立该内容所用的应用类型建立的日期、作者名字等等。最后的是实际内容504、505、506、507、这是由501-503充分描述的内容,这样,接收系统的信息就足以处理该内容。
用户实际通知服务器上的用户媒体(UA)处理器(user    agent    process)取出由发信用户提供的信息(图10:1001、1002、1003、1004、1005、1006、1007、1008、1009),并根据该具体的服务器的结构(图10:1010、1012、1013、1015~1019)使它格式化。然后,用户媒介处理器将此格式化的消息送给用户具体的服务器中的消息传送器(messcage    trans    port    agent)。由MHS·ASCII(含义下文解释)负责传输消息。它从UA取出该消息,并为该消息制作“信封”(图10:1011、1014)。信封一旦制成MHS·ASCII就采取必要的步骤,以保证信息准确传送到目的地服务器。
以MHS·ASCII为基础的结构模型来自国际电报电话咨询委员会(CCITT)的消息处理系统(MHS),它是电子邮件消息交换的国际标准。MHS·ASCII提供的应用层服务是MHS那些规定的一个超集群(suoerset)。根据展示层的服务,MHS·ASCII是编码的美国信息交换标准代码(ASCII),因而与AT&T公司的UNIX 操作系统的邮件廉容,并且具有人能读的格式。与此相反,MHS用二进制编码。因此如果基础的协议层是可廉容的,则信息转换结构(MTA)与MHS的业务之间的通信要求在展示层直接转换。
话音编码:
语音的数字编码是一种旧的技术,现已广泛的用于数字载波系统。脉冲编码调制(PCM)是使用最广泛的一种方法,将语音编码为每秒56或64千比特。编码了的话音格式完全符合规定的标准(尽管 国际上有两种制式存在)。最近,自适应差分脉冲编码调制(ADPCM)技术的发展已将话音编码速率降为32千比特仍能保持“长途电话质量”的逼真度一些标准还代替了这些规则(algorithm)。当话音编码和存贮技术即将用在用户的办公室设备之中时,产品设计者往往使用较低的编码速率,以稍微兼顾话音逼真度来转取存贮要求的降低。
报文/语音的转换:
归一体化的通知收取功能由于采取报文/语言转换技术而被大幅度的扩展。这项技术使得用户能在只有语言功能的设备上收取报文消息。ASCII的报文先经格式化处理(例如缩略)语法分析和字母音素转换,得到的音素表达和重音标志根据驱动语言合成器的一套规则转变为声音。其中还包括了字典,以使那些按照ASCII/音素翻译规则不能正确地发音的词和名字也能适当的发音。报文/语言转换规则由一块单一电路板实现,并实地工作。
现在回到图6-9,让我们看看服务的情节,看看归一化通知系统如何在典型环境中工作。如已讨论的,由于归一化通知系统的一个目标就是为了用户们提供一个单一的收取消息点,因此为每个用户都建立一个虚拟信箱(通用信箱)。理想情况下这是在用户控制下建立的。UMS的第二个目标是当通用信箱里收到消息时提供一种单一而普通的告警。用户可以选择通用信箱设在何处(即:在哪种控制服务器中),例如这可以由用户指定他们的其它通知服务器把它们的消息送往归一化的信箱来实现。这可以由用户终端或中心的管理器来做,通用信箱称为主要消息接收器,它归于四种消息服务器中的一种,这四种是:(1)以交换机(PBX)为基础的报文通知服务器;(2)以交换机(PBX)为基础的话音通知服务器;(3)独立的报文通知服务器;(4)独立的话音通知服务器。这四种主要的分类中的每一种将在下文说明。
图6是一个以交换机为基础的报文通知服务器,它可以从任何远方的报文通知服务器-如一个支持MHS·ASCII协议的消息发信器的电子邮件服务器110-接收报文(数据)消息。服务器109和110是保存在与发信用户相连的任一服务器内的非常有用的发信用户可控软件。服务器601和602是保存在与PBX交换机12为整体的处理器内的收信用户可控软件。服务器603和604是保存在独立的处理器内的收信用户可控软件。
当接收报文通信服务器不能接收话音消息而发信服务器是一个话音服务器时,例如话音邮件109(可能是AT&T提供的有名的声音信息交换服务器),如果发信服务器发送一些关于该消息的信息,则收信服务器仍能向终端用户提供计划中的消息的报文通知,该信息可能是有关消息的扫描行的报头或有关消息的通知。这些通知用来宣布在远方系统中的新邮件的到来(例如:“你有一个话音邮件”)。当发信服务器能支持报头的建立和传输时,(例如:“4月15日中午12时15分从比尔埃文克(BillEvancho)号码×××-5555发出的32秒的话音邮件”),就可以发送完整的报头、或摘要、或信息而不发送通知。当新邮件或通知到达报文邮件服务器时,相关的PBX交换机12便发出信号以警告终端用户有新消息。这个告警信号可以是话音终端101上的指示灯20点亮。
图7示出一个以交换机为基础的话音通知服务器,它接收支持于MHS·ASCII协议的远方的话音通知系统的话音消息。远方的报文通知服务器可向话音通知系统传送:(1)利用常规的公知的报文/话音转换了的信息的整个消息;(2)存贮于远方报文系统中的有关报文信息的报头如:“4月17日下午3时20分由托尼塞莱米(Tony    selemi)发来的532个字符号的报文邮件,主题是会议撤消”);(3)一个通知消息如:“你有报文邮件。如上讨论,当新消息到达话音通知服务器时,相关的交换机得到信号,将以警告终端用户有新消息。
图8示出了一个独立的报文邮件服务器,其中接收消息的情况与图6所示的情况1完全一样,但是告警功能是通过由报文通知服务器604经归一化通知系统801向交换机为基础的处理器12发送的消息请求信号来实现的。归一化的通知系统801是保存在包括PBX交换机12的处理器在内的任何系统处理器内的处理器固有软件。归一化通知系统801内的软件与交换机12交换一种协议,以提供命令,以使话音终端101上的告警指示灯点亮或熄灭。
图9是一个独立的话音通知服务器。其中提供通知的情况与图7所示情况2相同,提供告警的情况与图8情况3相同。
如图10所示,用户开始着手他或她的邮件服务器,并请求建立一个邮件消息(例如:建立邮件1001)。该服务器向用户寻问第一收信人(到)(1002)该 用户输入收信人的名字“汤姆史密斯”(Tom    smith)。该应用还问用户其它问题如碳拷贝(CC)收信人和盲碳拷贝(BCC)收信人。该服务器向用户询问主题(主题1003),用户可以输入一些信息作为主题。该服务器请求用户输入消息,用户就输入消息,该服务器在框1004~1009询问用户他/她是否要附加文件(例如:展宽页(spreadsheet)、图表、备忘录等等)),如果用户确想附加文件,则该应用向用户询问有关该文件的信息,如文件名称、文件夹(file    folder)和关键词等等。如果该用户不想附加文件或当附加请求的文件完成时,该应用问用户是否想延期一段时间再寄出该消息,如果答“是”,则该用户提供必要的信息,如日期和时间。
该服务器从用户输入而得到的信息按基本的结构(如图3、4、5所示)格式化。消息的每个成分都格式化为“关键词:数值”的结构。收信人的名字被映为一个逻辑上的和实际地址、用以接续收信人收信应用(即目的地的地址)。这可以采取一个装置线号和一个电话号码的形式,(框1010)。完成这一功能的软件控制是公知的。
方框1011(图4,消息传送401)根据用户提供的信息如该用户的名字和地址(逻辑上的和实际的)、收信人的名字和地址、建立该消息的日期和时间、延期发送的信息和有关的特定信息如消息种类的具体信息建立通用报头。方框1012(图4,邮件405)建立服务协议,该服务协议包括由用户输入的含有收信人名字(如果用户提供的话还有地址)、主题机密程度(sensitivity)等服务信息。实际的消息(如:“请在咖啡厅外面等我吃午饭”)也和有关消息种类的描述性信息(如报文和信息长度、快1013(图5、501、502、504))等一起格式化。如果该用户已附加了一个文件(例如展宽页),则该应用也将报头(图5、503)格式化,以便与描述有关展宽页的信息(如它的应用、其长度、其内容格式、建立日期和时间,任何编码/密码信息等)一起发送。
当所有格式化工作都结束时,(块1014~1019),该邮件消息以一种构成方式含有报头和内容,并可由收信处理器解释。此时该邮件消息准备发到目的地。
如图11所示,该用户可用几个不同的收取装置从归一化的信箱中取出消息。此节根据该收取装置详细说明它的收取过程。在大多数情形下,用户由于他/她被警告有新消息,而去取出该消息。这个警告可由话音或数据终端上的灯点亮来实现。不管哪个服务器发消息,所有消息的告警信号都是由收信用户的一个单一的服务器发出的,它称为收信服务器。
如图11所示,该用户可以通过几个不同的收取装置从归一化的信箱中取出消息。由于使用双音双频(DTMF)电话终端。用户摘下话机,拨一个具体的号码(一个拨号接入码),或按电话上的一个特征键,便与消息服务器1101接续,用户使用DTMF按键开始进入连机阶段1102、输入口令1103(选项)。此时,用户便可能听到允许(wellcome)消息1104。然后,用户可以直接进入收取过程,也可以执行该服务器提供的其它命令。当开始进入收取程序时,用户便可能听到消息的第一扫描行(报头1105)。这可能听到这样的声音,在4月4日上午10时15分呼叫“汤姆史密斯×3887消息长度为20秒”。用户可以收听这个消息,也可以跳过去收听下一个报头,并确定他/她是否收听那个消息。任何时候用户都具有方框1106的能力来使收取期停止,重放一个消息,删除一个消息、存贮一个信息、跳过一个消息等等。当用户结束收取消息时,服务器1107可以告诉用户在其它服务器上有新的消息在等待,从而通知用户在话音服务器上没有新消息。当用户在所有的服务器上结束所有消息的收取时,收信服务器便通知其它服务器关闭用户的消息等待指示灯。
图11的方框1110-1115示出了一种情况,这时用户从带有一个集成有限数据显示器(如一个40字符的显示器(图1、102)的话音终端来收取消息。对消息收信服务器的存取与上述讨论的连机和口令以及允许消息等步骤的情况相同。但是,不是听取消息的报头而是在40字符显示器上给用户显示出来,“汤姆史密斯×3887    4月4日上午10点15分”。此后,同样的消息处理选择与上述话音终端相同,系统按相同的方式工作。
图11中的方框1120-1127示出一种情况,这时消息通过一个数据装置如终端103或个人计算机(PC)104(图1)从归一化的信箱中取出消息,该用户访问归一化信箱所属的服务器。这可以通过各种手段来实现,例如:硬件连接、本地区域网(LAN)、拨号电话线等等。该用户可以输入一个连机命令(用户名字)和一个口令,然后请求开始进入通知服务。当取出邮件时,该用户看到消息报头的一个扫描行,如图11底 部所示。如前所述,该用户可以对这些消息进行自由操作(打开、删除、存贮、应答、传送等等)。用户可以读取这些消息。如果一个消息具有附件1126,则该服务器可调用一个能处理此附件的编辑程序。该服务器亦可通知该用户在其它通知服务器上有消息在等待,而这些服务器没传送,也不可能把它们的消息传送到归一化信箱。如果该数据装置有一个相连的话音装置,则该用户便可从该话音装置上收听话音消息。
图12、13、14详细示出消息的建立和发送。图12的方框1201~1208中,前置消息接收器是一个只有话音功能的信箱。当发信系统是另一个话音服务器时,则话音消息经适当格式化,如图10所示,并发送到前置消息接收器。当该发送系统是一个以报文为基础的通知服务器(块1220~1230)时,有几种方法可将消息及有关该消息的信息发送到话音为基础的前置消息接收器。这些方法是:
1.该报文服务器就如同收信服务器也是以报文为基础的那样发送整个消息;该信息将由报文转换为话音并且可由以话音为基础的前置消息接收器取出;
2.该报文服务器可发送已转换为话音的该消息的报头并可由前置消息接收器取出;或
3.该报文服务器可通知以话音为基础的前置消息接收器“用户有新的报文消息”。
当具有以话音为基础的前置消息接收器的服务器既收到话音又收到报文语言转换了的消息时,它首先检查以肯定用户还没有向其它服务器传送这些消息。如果用户是这样,则将这些消息全都传送到该服务器。如果不是这样,则该服务器告诉交换机(或实际控制该终端服务器)以开启用户的消息等待指示器,警告该用户有新消息。如前所述,这些消息可从前置消息接收器取出。在报文消息转换为话音时,用户象对待其它消息一样对这些消息进行处理。如果用户刚收到报文消息的话音文本的报头,则用户可以要求发送报文的应用将整个消息传送过来,以便从该点取出。当所有的消息都收到了,该服务器通知交换机关断该用户的消息等待指示器。
图13示出了当收信器系统是一个以报文为基础的系统的情况。在为只有报文的归一化信箱指定话音消息的情况下(块1301~1309),话音服务器一旦知道收信地没有话音功能,它就做以下事情:
1.该话音服务器可以向只有报文的归一化信箱发去一个通知,告诉收信人有新的话音邮件在等待;或
2.该话音服务器可向只有报文的归一化信箱发去一个话音报头的报文文本。
图14示出当前置消息接收器是一个话音/报文综合系统的情况。为话音/报文综合系统指定的话音消息(块1401-1408)也以它们的整体予以发送,为话音/报文综合系统指定的报文消息(块1420~1428)也以它们的整体得以发送。于是收信人可通过一个系统1409取出它们所有的话音和报文消息。接下来的全部操作(块1410~1418)都与图12和图13的那些相同。
图15示出在支持归一化信箱的服务器与警告用户们有新消息到来的交换机为一体的服务器之间的消息的流程图。与交换机为一体的服务器1502(我们将其缩写为UMM,以代表归一化的通知管理器),既作为通向该交换机的入口,也作为通向其它的以交换机为基础的通知服务器的入口。它根据来自归一化信箱的请求开启或关断消息等待指示器。接着,它询问它所服务的用户们用的归一化信箱有关其状态的问题。此外,该归一化信箱也询问UMM1502有关其它服务器的消息状态的问题。
总结:
归一化通知的基本结构可以扩展到简单的人际通知和话音/报文媒体以外。所有信息的交换都能够概括为一种形式的消息,一种形式的通信。归一化通知能够包含比这里叙述的更多的东西。基本上说,这种概念的扩展可分为两个方面:(1)信息编码所在的媒介种类;(2)被交换信息的预期目的。
在本说明书中,以话音和/或数据为参考,已经全面地讨论了信息。然而,被公开的构思可以支持任何种类的、用于信息交换的媒介和格式。例如UMS可以支持作为消息或传真邮件消息或话音注释的报文消息等等的视频图象的交换。
另外,这里的讨论用了人际的通知和信息交换的辞语。再者,被公开的构思可以支持任何用途的信息交换。系统可以利用归一化的通知结构来交换转接的话务信息,使用报告、字典信息和更新、业务分析信息等。由于被研制的基本结构的模块性和录活性与信息的格式/媒介和所交换的信息的预定用途无关,所以我们的构思的扩展容易实现。
从报文邮件、服务器到归一化通知系统的信息消息号#
A1-请求将所有现在消息从消息中心传送到邮件服务器;
A2-更新线路;
A3-打开自动传送,使所有的消息中心的消息(急件)送往邮件服务器;
A4-关闭自动传送,使所有的消息中心的消息(急件)留在消息中心
A5-通知查询响应(例如:这是关于什么服务器有新信息等待用户的状态即对告警控制器查询请求B2的响应)
A6-对新的话音和急件消息的状态查询要求(其响应由B3提供)
A7-使用户的告警装置开/关;
A8-立即开/关几个用户的告警装置;
A9-一个用户的查询响应(对B1的响应)
A10-对几个用户的查询的立即响应(对B1的响应)
A11-消息中心收信人的报文邮件;
A12-询问前向传送状态;
A13-询问路径状态;
从归一化通知系统到报文邮件服务器的消息消息号#
B1-报文信箱的查询请求(A9、A10为其响应)
B2-通知查询请求(A5为其响应)
B3-新的话音邮件或急件消息的询问响应(其请求为A6);
B4-有新的话音邮件或急件消息的通知;
B5-消息中心的急件消息传送到报文服务器;
B6-路径状态的查询响应;
B7-前向传送状态的查询响应。

Claims (26)

1、一种用于控制把消息递送到消息接收人的消息传递系统,所说的消息能够经多个消息网络与上述消息收信入中的一个通信,并通过与所说的一个消息收信人相关的多个控制服务器接收,所说的系统包括:
为所述的一个消息收信人指定上述控制服务器中的任一个作为前置消息接收器和把话音和数据消息到达的通知发送给所述的前置消息接收器的装置;和
由所说的前置消息接收器控制用以在上述前置消息接收器收接之后警告上述的一个收信人接收上述通知的装置。
2、根据权利要求1所述的消息传递装置,上述的警告装置的动作与所说收信人相对于上述接收器的活动无关。
3、根据权利要求1所述的消息传递装置,上述警告装置包括由所说的收信人控制的、响应话音或数据消息的到达而去从所述的接收器取出上述消息的装置。
4、根据权利要求3所述的消息传递装置,其中所述的收取装置包括由上述收信人有选择地控制收取上述消息的装置。
5、根据权利要求3所述的消息传递装置,其中所述的收取装置包括当上述接收器被指定为话音终端时用以将数据消息转换为等效的话音消息的装置。
6、根据权利要求3所述的消息传递装置,其中所述的收取装置包括响应一个特定消息用以产生识别发信人发送上述特定消息的那个终端的信息的装置。
7、根据权利要求3所述的消息传递装置,所述的警告装置还包括响应于对任一指定的接收器都一致的一套命令用以取出上述消息的装置。
8、根据权利要求1所述的消息传递装置,所述的指定装置提供从多个源已经接到话音或消息的通知。
9、根据权利要求1所述的消息传递装置,所述的警告装置还包括由上述一个收信人控制的、用以在被警告后从所述接收器中取出所述消息的装置。
10、一个归一化的消息投递系统,在消息被直接传送到与上述收信人有关的一个话音终端或一个数据终端时,用以向消息收信人提供通知,所说的系统包括:
用以接收任何所说的消息的装置;
用以为上述消息接收人指定所述话音终端或数据终端来接收上述通知的装置;
用以对直接传到所说的话音或数据终端的消息作出响应,以把该通知送给所指定的终端的装置,该传送与上述收信人的任何请求无关。
11、根据权利要求10所述的消息传递装置,其中,就所说的通知装置包括用以通知所述收信人的装置,所说的提供通知与所说的收信人对所述的指定终端的活动无关。
12、根据权利要求10所述的消息传递装置,其中的通知装置包括用以为所述消息中的任一个产生一个摘要的装置,所述的摘要包括由上述任一消息有关的信息。
13、根据权利要求12所述的消息传递装置,其中所述的产生装置包括在上述被指定的终端是所述的话音终端时,用以将数据消息转换为等效的话音消息的装置。
14、根据权利要求13所述的消息传递装置,其中,发信人利用预定的终端发送一个特定的消息,所述的产生装置包括响应上述特定的消息用以产生识别上述预定终端的信息。
15、根据权利要求14所述的消息传递装置,其中的产生装置包括响应一个特定的消息,用以产生识别发信人已发送上述特定消息的终端信息。
16、一种在多个用户发送话音或数据消息的情况下使用的消息传送方法,所说的消息具有多个收信人,该方法包括下列步骤:
在一个收信人的控制下,指定一个话音终端或一个数据终端作为上述收信人的前置消息接收器,
向所述的前置消息接收器发送话音或数据消息到达的通知,以及
在所说的前置消息接收器的控制下,警告所说的收信人接收所述的通知。
17、根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述的警告步骤与所说的收信人对所说的接收器的任何活动无关。
18、根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中的警告步骤还包括所说的收信人根据被警告接收上述话音或数据消息时从上述接收器中取出所说的话音或数据消息的步骤。
19、根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中所说的取出步骤包括当所述的接收器为所述的话音终端时,将数据消息转换为等效的话音消息的步骤。
20、根据权利要求19所述的方法,所述的取出步骤包括响应所述的特定消息产生识别所述的预定终端的信息的步骤。
21、根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括从源而不是从多个用户接收消息的步骤,以及
通过所说的接收器从这样的其它源接收的任何消息提供通知的步骤。
22、一种归一化的消息传送方法,当消息直接传到与所述收信人相关的一个话音或数据终端时,能向消息接收人提供通知,所说的方法包括如下步骤:
接收任一种所说的消息;
为所述的收信人指定上述话音终端或数据终端来接收所说通知,和
响应直接到达所说的话音终端或数据终端的消息,对所说的被指定的终端提供通知,这与所说的收信人的任何请求无关。
23、根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中,就所说的被指定的终端而言,被提供所说的通知与所说的收信人的活动无关。
24、根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中的指定步骤还包括为上述消息中任何一个产生摘要的步骤,所述的步骤包括有关上述任何一个消息的信息。
25、根据权利要求25所述的方法,所说的产生步骤包括根据所述的特定消息产生识别上述预定终端的信息的步骤。
26、根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述的产生步骤包括在上述被指定的终端是所述的话音终端时,用以将数据消息转换为有效的话音消息的步骤。
CN87103996A 1986-06-02 1987-06-01 具有归一化通知的通信系统 Expired CN1014666B (zh)

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US4837798A (en) 1989-06-06
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KR920006574B1 (ko) 1992-08-08

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