CN101460216B - 多筒式流体递送器械 - Google Patents

多筒式流体递送器械 Download PDF

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CN101460216B
CN101460216B CN2007800202459A CN200780020245A CN101460216B CN 101460216 B CN101460216 B CN 101460216B CN 2007800202459 A CN2007800202459 A CN 2007800202459A CN 200780020245 A CN200780020245 A CN 200780020245A CN 101460216 B CN101460216 B CN 101460216B
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delivery device
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CN101460216A (zh
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R·冈内利
S·F·莱韦斯克
R·V·纳迪
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Mannkind Corp
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M5/145Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons
    • A61M5/1452Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of pistons
    • A61M5/14526Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of pistons the piston being actuated by fluid pressure
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/142Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
    • A61M5/145Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons
    • A61M5/1452Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of pistons
    • A61M5/1454Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons pressurised by means of pistons spring-actuated, e.g. by a clockwork
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    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
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    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3295Multiple needle devices, e.g. a plurality of needles arranged coaxially or in parallel
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    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics

Abstract

用于递送第一药剂和第二药剂的流体递送器械,包括经构造以容纳所述第一药剂的第一流体储器和经构造以容纳所述第二药剂的第二流体储器。所述流体递送器械可以包括一个或多个基础驱动机构以提供第一和第二药剂的一个或多个的基础递送。所述流体递送器械可以进一步包括一个或多个快速浓送驱动机构以提供第一和第二药剂的一个或多个的快速浓送。

Description

多筒式流体递送器械
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2006年3月30日提交的美国临时申请系列号No.60/787616依据35 U.S.C.§119(e)的权益,其公开在此通过引用结合进来。
另外,交叉引用了标题为“FLUID DELIVERY ANDMEASUREMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS”的美国专利No.6939324、标题为“HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED PUMP FOR LONG DURATIONMEDICAMENT ADMINISTRATION”的美国专利公开No.US2005/0119618、标题为“FLUID DELIVERY AND MEASUREMENTSYSTEMS AND METHODS”的美国申请No.11/219944的权益,在此其每一个的公开通过引用结合进来。
技术领域
本公开一般涉及流体递送器械,尤其涉及能够将一种或多种药剂递送给患者以提供每种药剂的持续的基础递送(basal delivery)和/或快速浓送(bolus delivery)。
背景技术
已经研制了流体递送器械,比如例如移动式灌注泵来递送液体药剂给患者。许多这种泵或药物递送器械能够如需提供稳态递送(“基础递送”)和预定量药物的瞬时发射(“快速浓送”)。在许多情况下,有利地做法是对也可以通过快速浓送补充的药物提供基础递送。例如,用于糖尿病治疗的胰岛素和用于慢性疼痛治疗的患者受控痛觉丧失可以以连续基础递送速率和快速浓送量进行给药。许多这种药物递送器械结构紧凑,而且能够在在使用过程中固定到用户或患者上,以及随后在治疗结束时被抛弃。
已经进行了许多尝试来通过采用各种泵系统连续或接近连续基础递送这种药剂。当被递送的药物量很小时,基础递送速率的精确度常常变化。许多流体递送器械包括用于容纳液体药剂的储器,并采用各种机械式、气体式或者电机械式泵送或计量技术来通过针或者其它经皮插入的导管或者通过患者皮肤来递送药剂给患者。
发明内容
本发明包括在所附权利要求中记载的特征的一个或多个,或者下列特征或其组合:
根据本公开的一个方面,提供了用于给药第一药剂和第二药剂的流体递送器械。该流体递送器械可以用于将第一药剂以基础递送方式给药和/或将第二药剂以基础递送方式给药。另外,该流体递送器械可以用于将第一药剂以快速浓送方式给药和/或将第二药剂以快速浓送方式给药。换而言之,考虑了对第一和第二药剂每一的基础递送和/或快速浓送的任何组合。
流体递送器械的各种构造的基础驱动机构可以提供第一和/或第二药剂的基础递送。例如,一种基础驱动机构可以提供仅仅第一药剂、仅仅第二药剂、或者第一和第二药剂两者的基础递送。在其中基础驱动机构提供第一和第二药剂仅仅之一的基础递送的情况下,该流体递送器械的第二基础驱动机构可以提供另一药剂的基础递送。
类似地,该流体递送器械的各种构造的快速浓送驱动机构(bolusdrive mechanism)可以提供第一和/或第二药剂的快速浓送。例如,一种快速浓送驱动机构可以提供仅仅第一药剂、仅仅第二药剂、或者第一和第二药剂两者的快速浓送。在其中快速浓送驱动机构提供第一和第二药剂的仅仅之一的快速浓送的情况下,该流体递送器械的第二快速浓送驱动机构可以提供另一药剂的快速浓送。
根据本公开的另一方面,流体递送器械可以包括和容纳第一和第二药剂的第一和第二储器流体连通的一个或多个针。例如,第一针可以和容纳第一药剂的储器流体连通,而第二针可以和容纳第二药剂的储器流体连通。这些针可以互相分隔开或者位于流体递送器械的相对端部上,以基本防止在递送过程中第一和第二药剂的任何混合。更进一步地,一个针可以包括比另一针的递送臂长的递送臂(用于皮下插入到患者皮肤中)。在这种情况下,第一和第二药剂之一比第一和第二药剂的另一个被递送到皮下更大的深度。递送药剂到不同深度也可以基本防止第一药剂和第二药剂的任何混合。
根据本公开的另一方面,可以提供和第一和第二药剂的每一储器流体连通的单一针。这种针可以是“Y形的”,包括用于和容纳第一药剂的储器流体连通的第一摄取臂以及用于和容纳第二药剂的储器流体连通的第二摄取臂。该针的第一和第二摄取臂的每一个可以和该针的递送臂流体连通,以使第一和第二药剂可以在被递送到患者之前在该针的递送臂内互相混合。
示例性的,本公开的流体递送器械可以包括外壳、位于所述外壳内经构造以容纳第一药剂的第一储器、和位于所述外壳内经构造以容纳第二药剂的第二储器。该流体递送器械可以进一步包括针,所述针具有经构造以和第一储器流体连通的第一端部和经构造以从外壳向外延伸的第二端部。或者,该针可以包括经构造以和容纳第二药剂的第二储器流体连通的第三端部。该流体递送器械可以进一步包括第二针,所述第二针具有经构造以和第二储器流体连通的第一端部和经构造以从所述外壳向外延伸的第二端部。第一针可以位于外壳的第一端部处,第二针可以位于外壳的第二端部处。进一步地,第一针的递送臂可以比第二针的递送臂长。
进一步示例性地,流体递送器械可以包括用于提供第一药剂的基础递送的基础驱动机构。该同一基础驱动机构也可以提高第二药剂的基础递送。或者,第二基础驱动机构可以提供第二药剂的基础递送。在每一情况下,基础驱动机构可以包括螺旋弹簧、基础驱动活塞和液压流体储器。进一步地,流体递送器械可以包括和第一药剂相关(associated with)的第一泵室,其通过第一流动限制器和第一基础驱动机构的液压流体储器流体连通。类似地,和第二药剂相关的第二泵室可以经由第二流动限制器和第二基础驱动机构的液压流体储器流体连通。
进一步示例性地,流体递送器械的第一递送活塞可以位于第一流体储器中以向第一流体储器中的第一药剂施加力。类似地,第二递送活塞可以位于第二流体储器内以向第二流体储器内的第二药剂施加力。
该流体递送器械可以进一步包括用于提供第一药剂的快速浓送的快速浓送驱动机构。该同一快速浓送驱动机构也可以提供第二药剂的快速浓送。或者,第二快速浓送驱动机构可以提供第二药剂的快速浓送。在任一情况下,快速浓送机构可以包括棘齿机构(ratchet)和与所述棘齿机构偶联的快速浓送活塞。流体递送器械的泵室和第一流体储器相连,快速浓送活塞位于和所述泵室流体连通的快速浓送流体储器中。
根据本公开的另一方面,从流体递送器械给药第一和第二药剂的方法包括第一基础递送第一药剂以及第二基础递送第二药剂。第一基础递送可以大致和第二基础递送相等。或者,第一基础递送可以大于第二基础递送。
示例性地,递送第一药剂可以包括起动第一基础驱动机构,递送第二药剂可以类似地包括起动第一基础驱动机构。或者,递送第二药剂可以包括起动不同于第一基础驱动机构的第二基础驱动机构。
该方法可以进一步包括第一快速浓送第一药剂和第二快速浓送第二药剂。第一快速浓送可以和第二快速浓送相同。或者,第一快速浓送可以大于第二快速浓送。
示例性的,第一快速浓送可以包括起动第一快速浓送驱动机构,第二快速浓送可以包括起动第一快速浓送驱动机构。或者,第二快速浓送可以包括起动不同于第一快速浓送驱动机构的第二快速浓送驱动机构。
根据本公开的另一方面,从流体递送器械给药第一和第二药剂的另一方法包括(i)推动液压流体(hydraulic fluid)从液压流体储器进入第一泵室,以在第一活动阻挡(movable barrier)上施加力;(ii)推动液压流体从液压流体储器进入第二泵室,以在第二活动阻挡上施加力;(iii)在第一活塞上施加力以将至少一部分第一药剂通过第一流体储器的孔隙排出,和(iv)在第二活塞上施加力以将至少一部分第二药剂通过第二流体储器的孔隙排出。
示例性地,从液压流体储器推动(force)液压流体可以包括在该液压流体储器内的活塞上施加弹簧力。从液流流体储器推动液压流体可以进一步包括推动液压流体从液压流体储器通过流动限制器进入第一和第二泵室。
本文所述的流体递送器械可以用于递送各种药物、药学试剂和药剂以及用于治疗疾病和疾病状态的其它组分。在一个实施方案中,本文所述的递送器械包括或者经构造或者经适应以在相应储器中包括预先选择的药剂。在一个方面,该预先选择的药剂用于治疗糖尿病和/或糖尿病症状。在另一方面,该预先选择的药剂用于治疗细菌感染和/或与病原体细胞种群相关的其它疾病。在另一方面,该预先选择的药剂用于治疗和神经传递素功能紊乱相关的疾病,包括但不限于可以用多巴胺和/或用作多巴胺激动剂和/或多巴胺拮抗剂的化合物治疗的疾病。
本公开的上述和其它特征将从下面的描述和附图中变得显而易见。
附图说明
具体实施方式特别参考了附图,其中:
图1-5b示意性示出了本公开的双筒式药物递送器械,其提供了第一和第二药剂的基础递送,并提供了第一和第二药剂的快速浓送;
图6-7示意性示出了本公开的另外的药物递送器械,其提供了仅仅第一药剂的基础递送以及第一和第二药剂的快速浓送;
图8-9进一步示意性示出了本公开的另外的药物递送器械,其提供了第一和第二药剂的基础递送,同时提供了仅仅第二药剂的快速浓送;
图10-11示意性示出了本公开的另外药物递送器械,其提供了第一和第二药剂的基础递送同时未提供针对第一或第二药剂的快速浓送;
图12-13示意性示出了本公开的另外的药物递送器械,其提供了第一和第二药剂的快速浓送,同时没有对第一或第二药剂提供基础递送;
图14示意性示出了本公开的另一药物递送器械,提供了仅仅第一药剂的快速浓送和仅仅第二药剂的基础递送;
图15示意性示出了本公开的另一药物递送器械,其提供了和第一和第二药剂的每一种有关的气囊状基础流体储器和与各个基础流体储器连接的替换性的基础驱动机构;
图16示意性示出了和图15所示器械相似的本公开的另一药物递送器械,并提供了用于提供第一和第二药剂每一种的基础递送的单一替换性基础驱动机构和气囊状基础流体储器;
图17示意性示出了和图1所示器械类似的本公开的另一药物递送器械,其中图1的和第一和第二药剂的每一种相关的递送活塞被柔性构件(flexible member)替换;
图18示意性示出了本公开的针构造,包括具有不同长度递送臂的第一和第二针以在患者的不同皮下深度递送第一和第二药剂;和
图19示意性示出了用于和第一和第二药剂的每一种的储器流体连通的通常为“Y-形”的针。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1-5b,提供了各种流体或药物递送器械10、110、210、310、410和450。这些药物递送器械10、110、210、310、410和450的每一个能够以持续性稳态或基础递送或输注的方式递送第一药剂20,并能够以第一药剂20的瞬时量的方式递送第一药剂20,以提供短期脉动式递送或输注或者快速浓送或输注。而且,药物递送器械10、110、210、310、410和450的每一种能够既提供第二药剂22的基础递送又提供第二药剂22的快速浓送。下面讨论每一器械通过其递送第一和第二药剂的方式(means)。
应该认识到,本文所述的流体递送器械每个包括外部或在外的壳(未示出)。在图1-17中所示的机构因而通常容纳在所述外壳中。示例性的,该外壳可以包括由用户或者患者可以啮合的各种按钮或致动器,所述按钮或致动器起动本文所述的基础驱动机构和快速浓送驱动机构。进而,如同下面更详细所述的,在图1-17中每一流体递送器械的针32、34可以在第一未起动的构造(未示出)和第二起动的构造之间移动,在所述第一未起动的构造中,整个针或者容纳在外壳中和/或位于外壳的外部按钮中。在第二起动的构造中(如图1-17所示),针降低以使该针的一个部分和含有第一和第二药剂20、22之一的储器流体连通,并且该针的第二部分位于所述器械的外壳的外面,用于例如皮下插入到患者中。示例性地,该针经构造以通常同时插入到流体储器之一(或者和每一储器相关的塞子)和患者中。换而言之,针从未起动的位置移动到起动的位置的移动通常同时将该针的第一端部和相关流体储器流体连通,将针的第二端部放入患者内。
现在参见图1,药物递送器械10包括第一药物储器或筒12和第二药物储器或筒14。如此,药物递送器械10(以及本文描述的其它药物递送器械)可以被认为是双筒式器械。示例性地,第一药剂20容纳在第一储器12中,而第二药剂22容纳在第二储器14中。第一隔膜(septum)或塞子24部分容纳在第一储器12的内室中,以使第一塞子24的一部分从第一储器12的近端25突出。第一塞子24包括和第一储器12流体连通的中空室26。相似地,第二塞子28部分容纳在第二储器14的内室中,以使第二塞子28的一部分从第二储器14的近端25突出。第二塞子28类似地包括和第二储器14流体连通的中空室26。示例性地,第一和第二塞子24、28可以各自由橡胶制成。但是,第一和第二塞子24、28由其它合适材料制成也在本公开的范围内。
药物递送器械10的第一和第二针32、34每一个包括第一端部36和第二端部38。每个针32、34的第一端部36分别穿过第一和第二塞子24、28的外壁以置于每一塞子24、28的中空室26中。每一针32、34的第二端部38用于皮下插入患者中,以递送第一和第二药剂20、22到患者中。示例性地,第一和第二针32、34所示限定了“J形”,从而每一针32、34包括摄取臂(uptake arm)40和递送臂42(所述两臂通常互相平行)和将摄取臂40和递送臂42连接在一起的横臂44。每一针32、34的每一臂40、42、44经插入以提供通常连续的J形通道,以允许第一和第二药剂20、22分别从每一针32、34的第一端部36移动到每一针32、34的第二端部38。
如图1所示,每一针32、34的臂40、42具有不同长度。但是,包括具有不同长度或相同长度的臂40、42、44的针32、34在本公开的范围内。包括其它针设计也在本公开的范围内,在所述针设计中,针的一个端部置于或者能够置于塞子24、28之一的中空室26中并且其中针的另一端部能够皮下插入到患者中。另外,包括用于从各自的储器12、14将药剂20、22递送到患者的其它输注器械在本公开的范围内。例如,可以采用管腔和针套件、导管-套管套件、和/或通过一个或多个管腔连接的显微针或显微针阵列来代替针32、34。另外,流体储器12、14的每一个可以包括通过其排出每一室中的药剂20、22的孔隙。本领域普通技术人员会认识到,许多器械可以用来将药剂输送到身体中。相应地,本公开不限于本文所示的输注或注射器械的类型。
再次参见图1,药物递送器械10包括第一基础驱动机构46,其提供第一药剂20到患者的基础递送。第一基础驱动机构46包括固定到基础驱动活塞50的螺旋弹簧48(coil spring)。基础驱动活塞50设置在基础流体储器52的内室中。基础驱动活塞50可以相对于流体储器52的臂移动。泵室54通过连接通道或者流动限制器56和基础流体储器52流体连通。弹簧48向基础驱动活塞50施加一般恒定的力,以确保在基础流体室52中的液压流体上的压力。
药物递送器械10的被活塞驱动或递送活塞58设置在储器12的内室内,并作为在第一药物储器12内所含的第一药剂20和泵室56中所含的液压流体之间的隔板(partition)或活动阻挡。示例性地,泵室54和基础流体储器52中所含的液压流体是油(未示出),或者例如特别是硅油。但是,这些室可以填充其它不可压缩的流体以及比如在美国专利申请公开US2005/0119618中公开的那些,该专利申请公开在此通过引用全文结合进来。
在操作中,第一基础驱动机构46的螺旋弹簧48缓慢膨胀以在基础驱动活塞50上施加偏压(bias),由此在基础流体储器52和泵室54中的液压流体上施加力。在泵室54中的流体压力的这种增加将递送活塞58向右推送(在图1的取向中所见)。活塞50的这种移动导致储器12中的一定量的第一药剂20被迫通过针32递送到患者。在美国专利申请公开No.US 2005/0119618中更详细讨论了这种基础驱动机构的操作。
药物递送器械10进一步包括第二基础驱动机构60,其提供第二药剂22到患者的基础递送。第二基础驱动机构60和第一基础驱动机构46相同或相似。这样,相同的附图标记被用来表示相同的部件。例如,第二基础驱动机构60包括固定到基础驱动活塞50上的螺旋弹簧48。第二基础系统的基础流体储器52通过连接通道或者流动限制器56和泵室54流体连通。相似的,和第二药剂相关的流体储器52、泵储器54和流动限制器56每一个都填充了油比如例如硅油。另外,第二基础驱动机构60和第一基础驱动机构46相同或相似操作,以推动第二药剂22从第二储器14中通过针34进入患者。
如上所述,流体递送器械10包括两个独立的基础驱动机构46、60来提供第一和第二药剂20、22每一种的基础递送。在操作中,单一按钮或致动器可以通过用户起动以一次起动第一和第二驱动机构46、60两者。当然,分开的致动器也可以用来独立地起动驱动机构46、60的每一个。示例性地,这种按钮(一个或多个)或致动器(一个或多个)可以位于流体递送器械10的外壳(未示出)之上或之外,以由用户或患者起动。
仍然参见图1,采用单一快速浓送驱动机构62来提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一种的快速浓送。快速浓送驱动机构62包括具有齿条66和与齿条66的齿啮合的棘爪(pawl)68的棘齿机构(rachet)66。齿条66连接到双头活塞组件70上,后者包括第一和第二臂72、74,所述第一和第二臂通过连接到第一和第二臂72、74两者之上的横臂76互相分开。示例性地,棘齿机构64的齿条66连接到横向臂76上。快速浓送驱动活塞78连接到双头活塞组件70的第一和第二臂72、74的每一个上。活塞78的每一个位于快速浓送储器80的一个或者两个的内室中。快速浓送储器80和它们各自的泵室54流体连通。
在操作中,施加在齿条66上的力推动双头活塞组件70以推动流体从每一快速浓送流体储器80进入到各自的泵室54中以移动各自的被驱动活塞58,由此导致第一和第二药剂20、22两者从各自的第一和第二药物储器12、14中快速浓送。快速浓送致动器按钮可以连接到齿条66上,以使当用户下压快速浓送致动器按钮时,齿条66前进预定距离。可替换地,这种快速浓送致动器按钮可以连接到棘爪68上,以使当用户下压快速浓送致动器按钮时,棘爪68前进预定距离并推动齿条66也前进相同的预定距离。在所述设置中,可以采用二级机构来使棘爪68相对于齿条66回缩到起动的位置,以使棘爪68可以再次前进以提供另一快速浓送递送。在每一种情况下,棘齿机构64的棘爪68防止齿条66在前进后向后移动。进而,棘齿机构64的棘爪68防止齿条66由于任何流体压力增加而向后移动,所述流体压力增加是例如通过流体从基础流体储器52流入泵室54引起的。
如上所述,流体递送器械10包括两个分开的其中含有两种不同药剂20、22的流体储器12、14。示例性地,提供分开的针32、34来递送每一药剂20、22到患者。但是,包括用于递送第一和第二药剂20、22每一种的单一针也在本公开的范围内。下面更详细讨论这类实施方案。
现在参见图2,流体递送器械110和上述流体递送器械10相似。这样,相同的附图标记用于表示相同或相似的部件。流体递送器械110包括位于第一快速浓送储器180中的第一快速浓送活塞178。快速浓送活塞178大于快速浓送活塞78。具体而言,第一快速浓送活塞178的直径D1大于第二快速浓送活塞78的直径D2。这样,快速浓送活塞178的表面积大于第二快速浓送活塞78。第一和第二快速浓送活塞78、178之间的尺寸不同导致响应双头活塞组件70的移动产生第一和第二药剂20、22每一种的不同的快速浓送(例如,被递送的药剂的量或数量)。
换而言之,活塞78、178的一致性运动将不同量的流体从各自的快速浓送储器80、180移位以作用在和第一和第二储器12、14的每一个相关的被驱动活塞58上。这导致和储器14相关的压力相比以更大的压力施加在和储器12相关的活塞58上。这进而导致相对于第二药剂22的快速浓送,将递送更大量的快速浓送第一药剂20。所以,快速浓送驱动机构62的双头活塞组件70的增加的移动导致和第二药剂22相比更大量的第一药剂20被递送到患者。
在许多情况下,例如,可能优选递送第一量的第一药剂和第二量的第二药剂。所以,改变快速浓送驱动活塞的大小允许在快速浓送中递送的两种药剂的比例改变。换而言之,改变在本文中描述的流体递送器械的快速浓送活塞的尺寸以在递送到患者的两种药剂之间实现任何所需的快速浓送比值也在本公开的范围内。
如同下面更详细讨论地,和流体递送器械相关的其它部件(例如,驱动活塞、流动限制器等)的大小也可以改变从而以不同于第二药剂的速率基础递送第一药剂。再次,这些尺寸中的任何一种可以经构造以在第一和第二药剂的基础递送率之间产生所需的比例。
现在参见图3,提供了另一种流体递送器械210。再次,该流体递送器械210和上述器械10、110类似。同样,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的部件。流体递送器械210包括第一快速浓送驱动机构280和第二快速浓送驱动机构282。第一和第二快速浓送驱动机构280、282中的每一个包括具有齿条66和与所述齿条66的齿啮合的棘爪的棘齿机构64。快速浓送驱动机构280、282的每一个进一步包括和每一齿条66的一端连接并且位于各自快速浓送流体储器80的内室中的活塞78。同样,药剂20、22每一的快速浓送特征通过分开的快速浓送驱动机构280、282独立地操作。
在操作中,快速浓送驱动机构280、282因而可以独立地起动以分开地推进所述分开的快速浓送驱动机构280、282的齿条66的每一个,使得用户可以提供药剂20、22之一的一个快速浓送,而不提供另一药剂20、22的快速浓送。例如,通过用户起动第一快速浓送驱动机构280提供了仅仅第一药剂20的快速浓送,而第二快速浓送驱动机构282的起动提供了仅仅第二药剂22的快速浓送。当然,快速浓送驱动机构280、282也可以通过能够同时推进齿条186的每一的单一致动器(未示出)来起动。
现在参见图4,提供了流体递送器械310。递送器械310和上述递送器械10、110和210类似。同样,相同的附图标记用于表示相同的部件。流体递送器械310包括单一基础驱动机构346,后者具有螺旋弹簧48和基础驱动活塞50。基础流体储器352和与第一和第二药物储器12、14的每一个相关的各自的泵室54流体两者都连通。示例性地,第一流动限制器356位于流体储器352和与第一储器12相关的泵室54之间。第二流动限制器358位于流体储器352和与第二储器14相关的泵室54之间。示例性地,第一流动限制器356位于第二流动限制器358的上游。但是,提供如下相似的流体递送器械也在本公开的范围内:其中,和第二药剂相关的流动限制器位于和第一药剂相关的流动限制器的上游,或者,其中两个流动限制器互相平行。换而言之,和第一和第二基础驱动机构的每一个相关的流动限制器的位置或场所可以如需改变。
流体递送器械310的单一基础驱动机构346驱动针对第一和第二药剂20、22两者的基础递送。因此,起动驱动机构346以允许螺旋弹簧48推进所述基础驱动活塞50将导致两个驱动活塞58都前进。示例性地,所示的流动限制器356、358、泵室54、活塞58和药物储器12、14的每一个的尺寸(包括直径或宽度,和长度)一般相同。同样,第一和第二药剂20、22的基础递送速率通常相同或相似。但是,应该认识到,和任一药剂20、22相关的一种或多种上述部件的一种或多种尺寸的改变将提供如下流体递送器械:其能够以第一基础递送速率递送第一药剂20,同时以不同于第一基础递送速率的第二基础递送速率递送第二药剂22。在这种情况下,这些不同的基础递送速率通过使用单一基础驱动机构提供。
根据本公开的另一方面,和图4的流体递送器械310相似的流体递送器械(未示出)可以相似地包括用于提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一个的基础递送的单一基础驱动机构。但是,这种流体递送器械可以包括经由单一流动限制器和单一泵室连通的基础流体储器。一般Y形的活塞(未示出)的尾端可以容纳在该单一泵室中,而Y形活塞的每个分开的臂可以容纳在分别含有药剂20、22的流体储器12、14中。
同样,驱动机构操作起来推动液压流体比如例如硅油从基础流体储器通过流动限制器进入泵室,以作用在Y形活塞的尾端。该作用在Y形活塞上的力导致活塞由此将第一和第二药剂20、22从储器12、14中排出。在这种流体递送系统中,单一快速浓送驱动机构也可以起动第一和第二药剂每一的快速浓送。进而,彼此之间尺寸或横截面表面积不同的活塞臂提供了两种药剂20、22之间的不同的基础递送和不同的快速浓送。
示例性地,图4所示的流体递送器械310包括和图1、2所示类似的单一快速浓送驱动机构62,用于提供第一和第二药剂20、22两者的快速浓送。但是,可以提供流体递送器械,比如在图5a中的流体递送器械410,其包括图4所示的单一基础驱动机构346和类似于图3所示的分开的快速浓送驱动机构280、282。
进而,图5b所示的流体递送器械450和图5a所示的流体递送器械410相似。例如,器械450类似地包括单一基础驱动机构346,并提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一种的基础递送,同时两个分开的快速浓送驱动机构280、282提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一种的快速浓送。但是,示例性地,两个流动限制器356、357将基础流体储器352流体式连接到和第一储器12相关的泵室54上。单一流动限制器358提供在基础流体储器352和与第二储器14相关的泵室54之间。这种双流动限制器356、357允许另外的液压流体(未示出)从基础流体储器352进入到和第一储器12相关的泵室54中。同样,在和第一储器12相关的驱动活塞58上施加比在和第二储器14相关的驱动活塞58施加的压力更大的压力。这进而导致相对于第二药剂22的基础递送,更大地(即,递送速率更大)基础递送第一药剂20。可以提供其它包括将流体储器352和泵室54的任一个连接的任何数量的流动限制器的系统。
如上所述,流体递送器械10、110、210、310、410和450的每一个能够提供第一药剂20的基础递送和快速浓送以及第二药剂22的基础递送和快速浓送。这个功能可以通过这些器械10、110、210、310、410和450的各种特征的各种组合来实现。例如,流体递送器械10包括两个分开的基础驱动机构和能够提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一种的快速浓送的单一快速浓送驱动机构。另一方面,图3的流体递送器械210包括两个分开的基础驱动机构和两个分开的快速浓送驱动机构。图4的流体递送器械310包括仅仅一个基础递送机构和一个快速浓送机构,而图5a和5b的流体递送器械包括单一基础递送机构和两个分开的快速浓送机构。
如上所述,图2的流体递送器械10示出了和第一和第二储器12、13的每一个相关的快速浓送驱动活塞178、78之间的表面积大小差,以便采用单一快速浓送驱动机构62提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一种的不同快速浓送。如前所述,各种流体递送器械10、110、210、310、410和450的许多其它部件的尺寸可以改变,以提供其中第一和第二药剂20、22的基础递送和/或快速浓送互相不同的器械。
现在参见图6和7,提供流体递送器械510和610。流体递送器械510、610在本质上和图1-5b所示的流体递送器械相似。同样,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的部件。流体递送器械510和610的每一种提供仅仅一种药剂(示例性的,第一药剂20)的基础递送。换而言之,图6和7中所示的流体递送器械510、610都不提供第二药剂22的基础递送。但是,提供每一药剂20、22的快速浓送。这种设置可以有利于采用第一和第二药剂的各种组合,其中仅仅一种药剂必需基础递送,而每一药剂都需要快速浓送。当然,流体递送器械510、610可以相反经构造以提供仅仅第二药剂22的基础递送。
首先参见图6,流体递送器械510包括一个基础驱动机构46用于提供第一药剂20的基础递送。流体递送器械510进一步包括一个快速浓送驱动机构62用于提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一种的快速浓送。图7的流体递送器械610包括用于提供第一药剂20的基础递送的一个基础驱动机构46。流体递送器械610进一步包括用于提供第一药剂20的快速浓送的第一快速浓送驱动机构280和用于提供第二药剂22的快速浓送的第二快速浓送驱动机构282。当然,流体递送器械510、610的许多部件的尺寸可以改变,以提供其中第一和第二药剂20、22的快速浓送彼此不同的器械。
现在参见图8和9,提供流体递送器械710和810。这些流体递送器械710和810的每一个和上述流体递送器械类似。同样,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的部件。在图8和9中所示的流体递送器械710、810每个都提供第一和第二药剂20、22的基础递送,同时仅仅提供第二药剂22的快速浓送。没有提供针对第一药剂20的快速浓送功能。当然,流体递送器械710、810可以经修改以提供仅仅第一药剂20的快速浓送。如果需要基础递送两种不同药剂到患者同时提供所述两种药剂仅仅之一的快速浓送,则这种设置可以是有利的。
首先参见图8,流体递送器械710包括第一基础驱动46以提供第一药剂20的基础递送,并包括第二基础驱动机构60以提供第二药剂22的基础递送。该单一快速浓送机构282提供第二药剂22的快速浓送。示例性地,快速浓送流体储器80和与第二储器14相关的泵室54流体连通。同样,快速浓送驱动机构282的带齿传动装置66的前进对快速浓送驱动活塞78的推进,在被驱动活塞58上施加压力以推进该被驱动活塞58并通过针34递送快速浓送量的第二药剂22。
和流体递送器械710相似,图9中所示的流体递送器械810提供了第一和第二药剂20、22的基础递送,同时提供了仅仅第二药剂22的快速浓送。第一和第二药剂20、22两者的基础体送是通过使用单一基础驱动机构846来提供的。第一流动限制器856将基础流体储器52和与第一药物储器12相关的泵室54流体式连接,同时第二流动限制器858将基础流体储器52和与第二药物储器14相关的泵室54流体式连接。
进一步示例性地,基础驱动机构846位于泵室54和含有第一和第二药剂20、22的第一和第二药物储器12、14之间。同样,流体限制器856、858都没有位于彼此的上游或下游。虽然提供了单一基础驱动机构846,但是,例如,流体递送器械810包括图4和5所示的单一基础驱动机构346也在本公开的范围内。流体递送器械810的快速浓送驱动机构282提供仅仅第二药剂22的快速浓送。当然,流体递送器械710、810的许多部件的尺寸可以改变,以便提供其中第一和第二药剂20、22的基础递送彼此不同的器械。
现在参见图10和11,提供了本公开的流体递送器械910、1010。器械910、1010和上面讨论的流体递送器械相似。同样,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的部件。流体递送器械910、1010的每一种仅仅提供第一和第二药剂20、22两者的基础递送。所以,先参见图10,流体递送器械910包括分别和第一和第二药物储器12、14相关的第一和第二基础驱动机构46、60,以提供第一和第二药剂20、22的每一种的独立的基础递送。对第一或第二药剂20、22都没有提供快速浓送功能。示例性地,图10所示的流体递送器械910采用两个分开的基础驱动机构46、60提供了第一和第二药剂20、22的基础递送。但是,单一基础驱动机构846可以用于提供第一和第二药剂20、22的基础递送,例如,如图11的流体递送器械1010所示。同样,图11的器械1010没有提供快速浓送功能。当然,流体递送器械910、1010的许多部件的尺寸可以改变以提供其中第一药剂20的基础递送不同于第二药剂22的基础递送的器械。
现在参见图12和13,提供了本公开的流体递送器械1110、1210。器械1110和1210和上面讨论的流体递送器械相似。同样,相似的附图标记用于表示相同的部件。流体递送器械1110、1210的每一种仅仅提供第一和第二药剂20、22两者的快速浓送,并不提供第一和第二药剂20、22任一的基础递送。所以,首先参见图12,流体递送器械1110包括分别和第一和第二药物储器12、14的每一个都相关的一个快速浓送驱动机构62,以提供第一和第二药剂20、22每一种的快速浓送。对于第一或第二药剂20、22都没有提供基础递送功能。现在参见图13,流体递送器械1210包括分别和第一和第二药物储器12、14相关的第一和第二快速浓送驱动机构280、282,以提供第一和第二药剂20、22每一种的分开的快速浓送。再次,没有提供针对第一或第二药剂20、22的基础递送功能。当然,流体递送器械1110、1210的许多部件的尺寸可以改变,以提供其中第一药剂20的快速浓送不同于第二药剂22的快速浓送的器械。例如,快速浓送活塞78的一个或两个的尺寸或直径可以改变,比如在图5b的流体递送器械450中所示。
现在参见图14,流体递送器械1310提供第二药剂22的基础递送和第一药剂20的快速浓送。示例性地,不提供对于第一药剂20的基础递送,同时不提供针对第二药剂22的快速浓送。在需要仅仅第一药剂的基础递送同时希望仅仅第二药剂的补充性快速浓送的情况下,这种装置可以是有利的。提供如下流体递送器械在本公开的范围内:例如,该器械能够提供仅仅第一药剂20的基础递送,同时提高提供仅仅第二药剂22的快速浓送。示例性地,图14所示的流体递送器械1310包括和第一流体储器12相关的快速浓送驱动机构280和与第二流体储器14相关的基础驱动机构60。
上述流体递送器械10、110、210、310、410、510、550、610、710、810、910、1010、1310和1410各自包括通过流动限制器(比如,流动限制器56、356、357、358、856、858)流体式连接到一个或多个泵室54的基础流体储器52、352中的一个或多个。示例性地,流体储器52、352各自限定内室,其中特定基础驱动机构的各自的基础驱动活塞50位于所述内室内。但是,也可以提供其它各种和一个或多个泵室流体连通的基础流体储器。例如,参见图15和16,提供了如下流体递送器械1410和1510:其中,每个都包括其中含有液压流体比如油的柔性、气囊状流体递送储器1452。
特别参见图15,提供了两个分开的流体递送储器1452,每一个都与第一和第二流体储器12、14的一个相关。进一步地,提供了替换性基础驱动机构1446以推动流体从各自的基础流体储器1452通过流动限制器56进入泵室54。示例性地,每个基础驱动机构1446都包括连接到各自的柔性基础流体储器1452的铰链式板构件1450。铰链式板构件1450可以通过弹簧1460或其它外力压缩,以推动储器1452中的液压流体通过流动限制器进入泵室54,从而推动驱动活塞58并提供例如第一药剂20的基础递送。虽然公开了铰链式板构件1450和弹簧1460,但是提供用于压缩柔性基础流体储器1452的其它合适驱动机构也在本公开的范围内。
如图15所示,第一和第二基础驱动机构1446、1460操作起来以压缩各自的柔性基础流体储器1452,从而提供第一和第二药剂20、22每一种的基础递送。替换性地,图16所示的流体递送器械1510的单一基础驱动机构1446操作起来提供第一和第二药剂20、22两者的基础递送。
示例性地,本文公开的任何流体递送器械可以包括基础驱动机构和/或快速浓送驱动机构,所述驱动机构包括铰链式板构件和可压缩的流体储器,比如图15和16所示。包括其它用于推进流体通过流动限制器的合适驱动机构也在本发明的范围内。例如,气体驱动机构可以产生气体比如氧气,例如其在活塞(比如本文所述的基础驱动活塞和快速浓送驱动活塞)上施力,或者施力在柔性膜上,以推动液压液体通过流动限制器以随后推进待递送的药剂。示例性地,这种柔性膜可以直接推动药剂通过针或其它这种输注器械。进而,可以提供弹簧压缩的折叠式曲柄、成对辊组或者其它机构推动液压流体(例如,来自流体储器)通过流动限制器进入泵室,以由此在药物递送室内的活动阻挡上施加压力,从而将至少一些流体从该药物递送室推动通过所述药物递送室的孔隙。
现在参见图17,提供了流体递送器械1610。流体递送器械1610和上述的流体递送器械相似。同样,同样的附图标记用于表示相同的部件。流体递送器械1610的柔性构件1658代替了前面实施方案的被驱动活塞58。柔性构件1658能够响应由液压流体施加在其上的压力而变形,其中所述液压流体是或者从基础流体储器53通过流动限制器56或者从快速浓送流体储器80受迫进入泵室54的。柔性构件1658向药物储器12中的变形推动储器12中的第一药剂20通过针32。
示例性地,柔性构件1658和在前述实施方案中所述的活塞58作为药剂20、22之一和液压流体之间的阻挡机构,其中所述液压流体在所述阻挡机构上施加压力。虽然活塞58和柔性构件1658已经在本文中特别公开了,但是包括其它将药剂20、22和液压流体分开的这种合适阻挡机构也在本公开的范围内。所述阻挡机构的至少一部分能够在所述流体储器的内室内相对于该流体储器的外壁移动,以便推动药剂排出流体储器。在美国专利No.6969324和美国专利申请公开No.US2005/0119618中更详细描述了各种其它阻挡机构,所述文献在此通过引用结合进来。
每一上述流体递送器械包括第一针32和第二针34,其中所述第一针和容纳第一药剂20的储器12流体连通,所述第二针和容纳第二药剂22的储器14流体连通。这些分开的针32、34可以彼此分开所需的距离,以便防止一旦药剂经皮下引入患者中后第一和第二药剂20、22的任何混合或者混杂。例如,通常希望防止两种不同药剂在递送之前、递送之中和递送在患者中之后出现任何混合(如果和当例如这两种药剂之间可能存在着相容性问题时)。同样,针32、34可以位于各个流体递送器械的相对端部处,以便使得两种药剂在每种都递送到患者中时之间的距离最大化。
另外地或者替换性地,第一针32可以配有递送臂142,其明显长于第二针34的递送臂42,例如如图18所示。同样,第一针32的递送臂142插入到患者中的皮下深度大于第二针34的递送臂42插入的深度。在这种情况下,第一药剂20递送到患者的皮下深度不同于第二药剂22递送到患者的皮下深度。通过改变针32、34的递送端部插入到患者中的深度,可以基本防止第一和第二药剂20、22在注入到患者中之后混合。
所以,示例性地,可以采用分开的针32、34分开地递送第一和第二药剂20、22。在其中两种药剂20、22之间可能存在相容性问题的情况下,针32、34可以互相分开合适的距离,以基本防止在药剂20、22递送到患者的过程中和之后出现药剂20、22的任何混合。另外或替换性地,针32、34可以插入到患者中不同深度,以进一步防止在药剂20、22的递送过程中或之后出现药剂20、22的任何混合。
再次参见图18,提供了针盖按钮200,其示例性地在其中容纳了针32、34两者。同样,通过用户或者患者对针盖按钮200的起动将同时使针32、34起动。示例性地,在操作中,针32、34位于第一未起动的位置(未示出),由此针32、34每个的摄取臂40和各自的塞子24、28分开。另外,针32、34每个的递送臂142、42被容纳在流体递送器械的外壳(未示出)中。为了将针移动到起动的位置,用户将按钮200下压以降低每个针32、34,使得每个针32、34的摄取臂40刺穿各自的塞子24、28,和包含各自的第一和第二药剂20、22的中空室26流体连通,例如如图1-17所示。进而,在起动的位置,每个针32、34的递送臂142、42的远端38延伸超过递送器械的外壳,用于皮下进入患者中。虽然图18示出的是单一针盖按钮200,但是包括和每个针32、34相关的分开的针盖按钮以使针32、34可以分开地起动也在本发明的范围内。
现在参见图19,提供了一般“Y形”的针232,其可以和本文公开的递送器械的一个或多个一起使用。示例性地,针232包括单一递送臂242、和所述递送臂242分开并且所示为平行的第一摄取臂244、以及和所述递送臂242分开并且所示为平行的第二摄取臂246。第一和第二横向臂或连接臂248、250各自将摄取臂244、246的每一个连接到递送臂242上。针232插入以限定延伸通过臂242、244、246、248和250的每一个的连续通道。在起动的位置中,摄取臂244、246每一的第一端部36分别通过本文公开的各种流体递送器械的第一和第二塞子24、28的外壁。同样,当针232处于起动的位置时,摄取臂244、246每一的第一端部36位于塞子24、28每一的中空室26中。针232的递送臂242的第二端部38用于皮下插入到患者中,以便递送第一和第二药剂20、22到患者。
示例性地,针232允许第一和第二药剂20、22在递送到患者之前彼此混合。例如,第一药剂20可以进入针232的摄取臂244并沿着横臂248到达递送臂242。第二药剂22可以类似地进入针232的摄取臂246并沿着横臂250运行以和第一药剂20在递送臂242中混合。针232可以和如下递送器械一起使用:在所述递送器械中,其中所含的第一和第二药剂20、22彼此相容并且可以在递送到患者中之前混合。当然,采用分开的基础递送机构和快速浓送机构,可以存在其中仅仅第一药剂20或者仅仅第二药剂22通过针232递送的情况。
虽然本文公开了和能够混合在一起的相容性药剂一起使用的“Y形”针232,但是应该理解可以使用其它允许药剂在离开其每一种容纳在其中的流体储器之后彼此混合的合适的针。例如,应该理解,Y形旨在包括T形。进一步示例性地,图19示出了盖按钮252以覆盖和保持针232处于未起动的位置,直到按钮252被下压或者被用户或患者起动为止。进而,一旦压下盖按钮252,针232可以移动到起动的位置,以允许流体从第一和第二储器12、14进入各自的摄取臂244、246。
根据本公开的一个方面,流体递送器械可以包括用于容纳和递送多种不同药剂的多个药物储器。例如,尽管在上述的和图1-17中所示的流体递送器械包括容纳在第一和第二储器12、14中的第一和第二药剂20、22,但是包括具有容纳在第三储器中的第三药剂的流体递送器械也在本公开的范围之内。分开的或者共享的基础驱动机构可以和包含第三药剂的第三储器相关,而分开的或者共享的快速浓送驱动机构也可以和包含第三药剂的第三储器相关。进而,共享的或者分开的针也可以和第一、第二和第三药剂的每一种相关,以分开地或者组合地递送每一药剂。相似地,包括具有多于三种药剂(每种包含在分开的流体储器中)的流体递送器械也在本公开的范围之内。
根据本公开的另一方面,本文公开的递送器械相对紧凑、可便携并且能够在使用过程中固定到用户或患者上随后在治疗完成时被抛弃。当然,其它这类非便携式、非一次性递送器械也在本公开的范围内。
根据本公开的另一方面,本文所述的流体递送器械经适应以递送两种不同的药剂20和22。在一个实施方案中,第一和第二药剂20、22选择以适于治疗可能以伴发疾病状态出现的两种不同疾病。在另一实施方案中,第一和第二药剂20、22选择以适于治疗可以在单一疾病中存在的两种不同症状。在另一实施方案中,第一和第二药剂20、22选择为适于治疗同一疾病和/或症状,在所述疾病和/或症状中可以考虑或者希望所述两种或更多种药剂的这种组合。
在另一实施方案中,第一和第二药剂20、22选择为适于治疗如下疾病状态:其中,例如,第一或第二药剂20、22的一种导致不理想的或者不想要的副效应或者其它负面事件,而且第一和第二药剂20、22的另一种对这些副效应或负面事件进行调解(mediate)、改进或者缓解。
在另一实施方案中,第一和第二药剂20、22选择为适于治疗如下疾病状态:其中,第一和第二药剂20、22之一的效力或性能通过第一或第二药剂20、22的另一种的共同给药而改善或改进。效力改进可以是增加性的或者协同性的,或者可以对可能伴随着使用第一或第二药剂20、22之一而出现的敏化、脱敏或耐受性进行校正或调解。应该认识到,这种改善或改进可能导致所述效力或性能改善的药剂的总量下降。
应该理解,本文所述的器械可以允许两种药剂的成对递送,而这两种药剂否则通过常规方式不能在单一剂量中递送。例如,由于化学不相容性、不同的稳定性要求、不同的配制要求、和其它效力所需的最优化参数,在常规单一剂型中可能不能实现药剂的某些成对递送。另外,由于需要在改变第一和第二药剂之间的比例上具有灵活性,在常规单一剂型中可能不能实现药剂的某些成对递送。这意味着常规剂型会要求固定的比值。另外,由于要求在预定时间内交替给药的复杂计量给药方案,所以在常规单一剂型中可能不能实现药剂的某些成对递送。应该进一步理解的是,虽然前面描述了药物的成对递送,但是这些方面同等适用于在本文中描述的经构造以递送三种或更多种药剂的递送器械的实施方案。
在一个实施方案中,本文所述的器械适于递送药剂来治疗糖尿病(包括I型和II型糖尿病)、糖尿病症状和糖尿病状况。
在一个实施方案中,第一或第二药剂20、22是胰岛素或者胰岛素类似物,另一药剂20、22是经选择以改善胰岛素或胰岛素类似物的性能或者降低负效应情况的药物。应该理解,第一和第二药剂20、22可以每一种是指胰岛素或其类似物。例如,如同本文中所用的,胰岛素类似物包括前胰岛素(pro-insulin)、胰岛素前驱物(pre-insulin)、和已经用各种氨基酸改性(比如通过插入、删除和替代)的胰岛素。本文所述的器械包括有关下列的各种选项:是否存在快速浓送和/或基础递送、快速浓送的相对规模、基础递送的相对速率、和其它特征。相应地,在一些实施方案的器械中,胰岛素或胰岛素类似物是第一药剂20,而在其它实施方案中,胰岛素或胰岛素类似物是第二药剂22。相应地,如同全文中所用的那样,术语第一药剂20和第二药剂22可以和用于本文描述的器械的不同构造和实施方案的药剂的身份互换使用。
在另一实施方案中,天然的和合成的胰岛素和胰岛素类似物都可以用作第一或第二药剂20、22。在一方面,所用的胰岛素是天然存在的,比如天然存在的人胰岛素和其类似物,包括但不限于用重组方法由其它有机体比如细菌制备的那些。在另一方面,所用的胰岛素是合成胰岛素或者包括在胰岛素系列中有氨基酸链改性(比如插入、删除和交换)的改性胰岛素。示例性地,胰岛素是Lispro胰岛素、Aspart胰岛素、Glargine胰岛素、Detemir胰岛素等。另外,胰岛素包括但不限于来自人体和其它来源的各种胰岛素的氨基酸插入、氨基酸删除和氨基酸替换。应该理解所述改性可以在A链或B链上。示例性地,胰岛素可以在本文中作为药剂20、22包括进来,其中B链上的Asp-28被比如Pro28或Lys28取代;其中B链中的Lys29被Pro29或Glu29取代;其中B链比如用Arg31或Arg31-Arg32扩增;其中A链上的Asn21被比如Gly21取代;其中B链上的Asn3被例如Lys3取代;和类似改性。
在另一方面,用作本文药剂的胰岛素是中效胰岛素(intermediateacting insulin),包括但不限于HUMULIN L、HUMULIN N、NOVOLINN和NOVOLIN R等。在另一方面,用作本文药剂的胰岛素是速效胰岛素,包括但不限于APIDRA、HUMALOG HUMULIN R、NOVOLIN R和NOVOLOG等。在另一方面,用作本文药剂的胰岛素是长效胰岛素,包括但不限于HUMULIN U、LANTUS等。在另一方面,用作本文中药剂的胰岛素是各种胰岛素的混合物,包括但不限于HUMALOG MIX 75/25、HUMULIN 50/50、HUMULIN 70/30、NOVOLIN 70/30、和NOVOLOGMIX70/30等。
在一种变体中,两种药剂20、22都是胰岛素。应该认识到,胰岛素的更多变化的混合物可以采用其中第一药剂20是一种胰岛素而第二药剂22是另一种胰岛素的构造递送到某些患者。应该理解,胰岛素可以经选择以适应各种患者亚群的需要,对这些患者亚群而言,容易获得的预混胰岛素不是很理想,或者不希望将胰岛素混合。在另一方面,第一胰岛素是长效胰岛素比如HUMULIN U、LANTUS等,第二胰岛素是中效或短效胰岛素,如同本文所述的那样。在一种构造中,选择器械以使第一和第二药剂20、22两者主要或专门以快速浓送方式而不是基础递送方式给药给患者。在这些构造中,应该理解,例如,长效胰岛素可以以一天一次的浓送量给药,短效或中效胰岛素以就餐时间备好的快速浓送量给药。在一种变体中,考虑短效胰岛素或中效胰岛素也可以以基础方式给药,或者在另一变体中,短效或中效胰岛素可以在和就餐时间相应的缩短时间内以基础方式给药。
在替换性实施方案中,另一药剂20、22可以包括进来以提高用作药剂的胰岛素或胰岛素类似物的效力、改善其性能或者减少其副效应。用于这种增加胰岛素效力或者改善性能的机制可以是任何机制,包括改善内源性胰岛素生产、降低胰岛素抗力或胰岛素不敏感性、改善外周组织对胰岛素和葡萄糖的利用、增加外周组织对葡萄糖的摄取、降低来自某些器官(包括但不限于肝脏)的内源性糖生产量或者减缓其生产速率、和减少胃肠糖吸收量或减缓其吸收速率等。
在一种构造中,另一药剂是肠促胰岛素、肠促胰岛素模拟物或肠促胰岛素类似物,比如胰高血糖素状肽(Glucagon-like Peptide,GLP)、GLP-1类似物、exenatide(BYETTA,Amylin,Lilly)、和Extendin-4等。肠促胰岛素模拟物和/或肠促胰岛素类似物可以和胰高血糖素状肽-1(GLP-1)类似起效,后者是天然肽,响应升高的血浆葡萄糖水平而提高胰岛素分泌,可以作为辅助药物包括进来。应该理解,GLP-1体系仅仅在存在升高的血浆葡萄糖水平的情况下增加胰岛素分泌,从而避免了在禁食过程中出现不合适的高胰岛素水平。应该认识到,肠促胰岛素可以提高葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素分泌,并在其释放到循环中之后显示出其它抗高血糖效用。肠促胰岛素也可以在就餐之后的高血糖时期过程中缓解峰值血清胰高血糖素水平,而不干扰响应低血糖的胰高血糖素释放。肠促胰岛素也可以具有下列的增益性副效应:减少胃排空速度和减少食物摄入、在就餐后缓解高血糖事件的潜在严重性。在一种实施方案中,本文所述的器械包括范围是大约5-大约10微克的每日剂量的BYETTA。在前述构造中,应该认识到器械可以经选择以包括针对容纳药剂20、22的储器的每一个的分开的针,以使这两种药剂不在注射部位或者任选地注射部位附近发生这两种药剂的明显混合。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是糊精肽(amylin peptide),比如普兰林肽(SIMLYN,Amylin)。应该认识到胰岛素缺失可以和糊精缺失相匹敌。糊精可以对从内脏进入血液的血糖吸收有缓和效应,减慢和管理源自就餐的葡萄糖流入、控制胰腺的胰高血糖素分泌、和随后调解肝脏的葡萄糖生产。在所述前一构造中,应该认识到器械可以经选择以包括用于容纳药剂20、22的储器的每一个的分开的针,以使这两种药剂不在注射部位或者任选地注射部位附近发生明显混合。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是双胍或双胍组合。在一个示例性方面中,双胍是二甲双胍(GLUCOPHAGE,FORTAMET,RIOMET)。在另一个示例性方面中,双胍是肝脏葡萄糖生产的抑制剂。在另一方面,双胍是胃肠葡萄糖吸收的抑制剂。应该认识到,双胍可以通过减少肝脏葡萄糖生产、减少肠内葡萄糖吸收、和/或增加外周葡萄糖摄取和利用来增加胰岛素疗法的效力。在一种变体中,在本文所述的器械中包括所述药剂的药学可接受的盐。
在另一种构造中,另一药剂是葡糖苷酶抑制剂,比如阿卡波糖(PRECOSE,Bayer)等。应该认识到,葡糖苷酶抑制剂可以通过减少复合碳水化合物的胰脏和/或肠道水解成葡萄糖而提高胰岛素治疗的效力。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是磺酰脲,比如Amaryl格利美脲(AMARYL,Aventis)、优降糖(DIABETA,Aventis)、格列甲嗪(GLUCOTROL,Pfizer)和类似的胰岛素促分泌素。应该认识到,磺酰脲可以通过提高内源性胰岛素分泌量(比如,来自胰腺β细胞)来增加胰岛素疗法的效力。另外,磺酰脲可以通过提高外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性来提高胰岛素疗法的效力。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是美各里替尼(meglitinide),比如瑞格列奈(PRANDIN,NoVo Nordisk)、纳格列奈(STARLIX,Novatis)和类似的胰岛素促分泌素。应该认识到,美各里替尼可以通过增加内源性胰岛素分泌量(比如来自胰腺β细胞)、通过阻挡ATP依赖性钾通道来增加胰岛素疗法的效力。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是过氧物酶增殖物激活受体(peroxisomeproliferator activated receptor,PPAR)的激动剂比如PPARγ。在一种实施方案中,PPARγ激动剂是噻唑烷二酮(thiazolidinedione,TZD)胰岛素敏感剂,包括但不限于吡格列酮(ACTOS,Takeda)、AVANDAMET(GlaxoSmithKline)、罗格列酮马来酸盐(AVANDIA,GlaxoSmithKline)、苯乙双胍和丁双胍等。应该认识到,TZD胰岛素敏化剂和其它PPARγ激动剂可以通过降低外周组织和肝脏中的胰岛素抗力或不敏感性来提高胰岛素疗法的效力,导致胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖处置的增加和肝脏葡萄糖输出的减少。应该认识到,也缺乏PPARα结合作用的化合物可以有利地包括在本文所述的器械中。
在另一构造中,考虑了这种其它药剂的混合物。示例性地,所述混合物可以是TZD胰岛素敏化剂或PPARγ激动剂和双胍,比如和罗格列酮马来酸盐(AVANDAMET,GlaxoSmithKline)混合的二甲双胍、和类似混合物。应该认识到,其它降低肝脏糖异生的药物可以单独或者和TZD组合包括进来。应该认识到,其它降低肠内葡萄糖吸收的药物可以单独或者和TZD组合包括进来。还应该认识到,其它通过提高外周葡萄糖摄取和利用而改善胰岛素灵敏度的药物可以单独或者与TZD组合包括进来。另外,该混合物可以是肠促胰岛素模拟物或肠促胰岛素类似物和双胍或磺酰脲,比如和二甲双胍或格列美脲混合的exenatide,和类似混合物。另外,该混合物可以是双胍和磺酰脲,比如和格列甲嗪(METAGLIP,Bristol Meyers Squibb)混合的二甲双胍、和类似的混合物。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是糖类,比如胰高血糖素或其类似物。应该认识到,在用本文所述的器械给药胰岛素的过程中,可能希望或必需缓解和/或减轻胰岛素给药的影响(所述影响可能导致低血糖症或低血糖状态)。还应该进一步认识到,所述糖类的给药可以通过本文所述器械的基础递送功能来控制,或者可替换地通过本文所述器械的快速浓送功能来控制。例如,在一个示例性实施方案中,一旦低血糖症或低血糖状况发作,被治疗的患者可能开始以快速浓送方式给药糖类。应该理解,低血糖症或低血糖症状的发作可以通过使用监测血糖水平的任何常规方法,包括但不限于血糖条等来确定。在一种变体中,低血糖症或低血糖状况的发作可以由患者通过训练和/或在识别表明所述低血糖症或低血糖状况的一些症状方面的经验来确定。应该进一步理解的是,在其它构造中,任何持续水平的胰高血糖素给药是较不希望的,所以该实施方案的一个变体会包括糖类的快速浓送作为主要的或专门的给药途径。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是胰岛素状生长因子(IGF)1或者2,或其类似物或衍生物。应该认识到,IGF-1和/或IGF-2可以和胰岛素或其类似物一起给药,以减少可能由单独给药胰岛素导致的低血糖症和/或低血糖状况。IGF-1和IGF-2结合到胰岛素受体上,但是比胰岛素的亲和力低许多,比如是胰岛素亲和力的大约10倍或者甚至100倍的低。不受理论的束缚,建议IGF-1或IGF-2、或其类似物或衍生物的共同递送,可以降低胰岛素灵敏性并因而可以降低由于胰岛素给药导致的低血糖和/或低血糖状况的发作潜力。应该理解,IGF-1和IGF-2可以一旦给药就快速结合到结合蛋白上。相应地,IGF-1和IGF-2和它们的类似物的配体缀合物也在本公开的考虑之内。这种配体缀合物可以增加如同本文所述给药的IGF-1和IGF-2或其类似物的整体生物利用度。
在另一构造中,另一药剂是C-肽或者其类似物。应该理解,在内源性胰岛素制备和新陈代谢中,前胰岛素在β细胞中制备,一旦释放将被肽酶劈开以释放C-肽片段。最后,羧肽酶E通过截除B-链的端部而制备成熟的胰岛素。应该理解,C肽可以和胰岛素或其任何类似物或衍生物共同给药,作为第二药剂。不受理论束缚,意味着C-肽可用于调节葡萄糖新陈代谢以及其它生物学上重要的过程,并因而用外源完全或者接近完全的替代内源性胰岛素可能导致出现不理想水平的C肽。例如,神经病就是可能伴随着糖尿病或其它糖尿病状况或葡萄糖调节不当状况出现的共存性病理学(a co-morbid pathology)。因此,意味着C肽给药可以治疗神经病,减弱神经病的发展,或者延迟或阻止神经病的发作。应该认识到,本文所述器械可以导致和常规方法(包括包括通过注射给药C肽的常规方法)相比患者的顺从性更好。
在一个方面,将C肽或其类似物或衍生物以相比于胰岛素成大约1:1的摩尔比给药给患者,因此反映出健康患者中的内源性状况。在另一方面,C肽或其类似物或衍生物以相比于胰岛素成小于1:1的摩尔比给药给患者。在该后一实施方案中,应该理解C肽水平可以无需保持和治疗糖尿病和相关状况一样高的胰岛素水平(level of C-peptide may notneed to be maintained as high as those of insulin to treat diabetes andassociated conditions)。另外,应该理解,C肽给药可能导致平台效应(plateau effect),相应地,患者对C肽的需要可能随时间下降。因此,在该替换性方面中,C肽或其类似物或衍生物以相比于胰岛素成大约4:5、大约3:4、大约2:3、或者大约1:2的摩尔比给药给患者。
另外,应该理解的是,尽管前述其中第二药剂是C肽或其类似物或衍生物的实施方案可以采用本文所述的任何器械给药,但是在一种变体中,器械经选择以包括单一针,由此药剂20、22两者在给药之前混合。在另一变体中,器械经选择以包括两个或更多个针,其中所述针的至少两个彼此相邻设置,因此允许两种药剂20、22在于进入部位给药到患者之后立刻或不久后混合。
在另一构造中,第一和第二药剂20、22都是抗感染化合物。在一个方面,该抗感染化合物是抗细菌剂,比如青霉素和相关化合物,包括碳头孢烯类(carbacephems)、碳青霉烯类(carbapenems)、和头孢菌素类(cephalosporins)等、单环内酰胺类、多肽类、氨基糖苷类、糖肽类、万古霉素类、大环内酯抗生素类包括红霉素类、喹啉酮类(quinolones)、磺酰胺类、和四环素类等。
可以包括在本文所述器械中的示例性氨基糖苷类包括但不限于阿米卡星(amikacin)、庆大霉素(gentamicin)、卡那霉素(kanamycin)、新霉素(neomycin)、乙基西梭霉素(netilmicin)、链霉素(streptomycin)、和托普霉素(tobramycin)等。示例性的碳头孢烯类包括劳拉头孢(loracarbef)等。示例性的碳青霉烯类包括厄他培南(Ertapenem)、亚胺培南(Imipenem)、西司他丁(Cilastatin)和美罗培南(meropenem)等。示例性的头孢菌素类包括第一、第二、第三和第四代头孢菌素类,比如头孢羟氨苄(cefadroxil)、头孢唑啉(cefazolin)、头孢氨苄(Cephalexin)、杏复可乐(cefaclor)、头孢孟多(cefamandole)、甲氧头孢噻吩(cefoxitin)、头孢丙烯(cefprozil)、头孢呋辛(cefuroxime)、头孢克肟(cefixime)、头孢地尼(cefdinir)、头孢托仑酯(cefditoren)、达诺欣(cefoperazone)、头孢氨噻肟(cefotaxime)、头孢泊肟酯(cefpodoxime)、头孢噻甲羧肟(ceftazidime)、头孢布坦(ceftibuten)、头孢去甲噻肟(ceftizoxime)、头孢曲松钠(ceftriaxone)、和头孢吡肟(cefepime)等。
可以包括在本文所述器械中的示例性大环内酯包括但不限于阿泽红霉素(azithromycin)、克拉红霉素(clarithromycin)、地红霉素(dirithromycin)、红霉素(erythromycin)、罗红霉素(roxithromycin)、醋竹桃霉素(troleandomycin)等。可以包括在本文所述器械中的糖肽类包括肽可霉素(teicoplanin)和万古霉素(vancomycin)等。示例性的青霉素类包括阿莫西林(amoxicillin)、氨苄西林(ampicillin)、阿洛西林(azlocillin)、cabenicillin、氯唑西林(cloxacillin)等,单环内酰胺等包括氨曲南(aztreonam)等。示例性的多肽包括杆菌肽(bacitracin)、粘菌素(colistin)、多粘菌素B(polymyxin B)等。
示例性的喹诺酮类(quinolones)包括环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、依诺沙星(enoxacin)、加替沙星(gatifloxacin)、左旋氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)等。示例性的磺酰胺包括氨苄磺胺(mafenide)、磺胺醋酰(sulfacetamide)、磺胺甲噻唑(sulfamethizole)、柳氮磺胺吡啶(sulfasalazine)、磺胺异噁唑(sulfisoxazole)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(trimethoprim)、增效磺胺甲基异哑唑(BACTRIM)等。示例性的四环素等包括去甲金霉素(demeclocycline)、强力霉素(doxycycline)、二甲胺四环素(minocycline)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)、四环素(tetracycline)等。可以包括在本文所述器械中的其它示例性抗生素包括但不限于胂凡纳明(arsphenamine)、氯霉素(chloramphenicol)、氯霉素葡糖苷酸(floramphenicol)、氯林肯霉素(clindamycin)、乙胺丁醇(ethambutol)、磷霉素(fosfomycin)、呋喃唑酮(furzolidone)、异烟肼(isoniazid)、利奈唑胺(linezolid)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)、呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin)、利福平(rifampin)、奇霉素(spectinomycin)、特力霉素(telithromycin)等。
在另一实施方案中,第一和第二药剂20、22是神经传递素受体的激动剂或拮抗剂。在一个示例性方面,第一药剂是多巴胺或多巴胺受体激动剂,第二药剂是多巴胺受体拮抗剂。示例性的多巴胺受体激动剂和拮抗剂描述在PCT国际申请系列No.PCT/US2004/043145,其公开在此通过引用全文结合进来。在一个方面,多巴胺激动剂是针对多巴胺D1受体选择的。在另一方面,多巴胺拮抗剂是针对多巴胺D2受体选择的。应该认识到多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂的共同给药可以改善或者提高多巴胺受体激动剂(包括多巴胺D1受体激动剂)的效力或整体利益。还应该认识到,多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂的共同给药可以使和该多巴胺受体激动剂(包括多巴胺D1受体激动剂)相关的副效应下降、改善或缓解。
可以包括在本文所述器械中的示例性多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂包括但不限于下式的化合物:
和其药学上可接受的盐,其中R是氢或C1-C4烷基;R1是氢、酰基比如C1-C4烷酰基、苯甲酰基和新戊酰基等、或任选取代的苯基或苯氧基保护基团,比如前药等;X是氢、氟、氯、溴、碘或式子-OR8的基团,其中R8是氢、C1-C4烷基、酰基,比如C1-C4烷酰基、苯甲酰基和新戊酰基等、或者任选取代的苯基或苯氧基保护基团,前提是当X是式子-OR8的基团时,R1和R8可以任选结合起来形成-CH2-或者-(CH2)2基团,因此表示亚甲二氧基或者亚乙二氧基官能团;RA、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7每一个独立选自氢、C1-C4烷基、苯基、氟、氯、溴、碘和-OR9的基团,其中R9是氢、酰基比如C1-C4烷酰基、苯甲酰基和新戊酰基等、或者任选取代的苯基或苯氧基保护基团;RB选自氢、C1-C4烷基、苯基、氟、氯、溴、碘、基团-OR9,其中R9是氢、酰基比如C1-C4烷酰基、苯甲酰基、和新戊酰基等、-OR1和X,如上定义、和任选取代的苯基或苯氧基保护基团,前提是RB的至少之一是-OR1
在本文所述器械中可以包括的示例性的多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂包括但不限于抗精神病剂,示例性地选自典型系列的和非典型系列的抗精神病剂。应该认识到,非典型的抗精神病剂通常可以和较不急性的锥体束外症状(尤其是肌张力障碍)以及和该症状相关的血清催乳激素浓度的较不频繁的、较小的增长相关。在一个方面,典型的抗精神病剂包括吩噻嗪类和非酚噻嗪类,比如克塞平(loxapine)和莫啉酮(molindone)。在另一方面,非典型的抗精神病剂包括氯氮平(clozapine)类试剂和其它试剂,包括阿立哌唑(Aripiprazole)、利培酮(risperidone)(3-[2-[4-(6-氟-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基)哌啶子基]乙基]-2-甲基-6,7,8,9-四氢-4H-吡啶并-[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮)、阿密舒必利(amisulpiride)、舍吲哚(sertindole)(1-[2-[4-[5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-基]-1-哌啶基]乙基]咪唑啉-2-酮等。吩噻嗪类包括但不限于氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)、氟非那嗪(fluphenazine)、甲砜哒嗪(mesoridazine)、佩吩嗪(perphenazine)、普鲁氯嗪(prochlorperazine)、甲硫哒嗪(thioridazine)和三氟拉嗪(trifluoperazine)。非吩噻嗪类包括但不限于氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)、哌迷清(pimozide)和氨砜噻吨(thiothixene)。其它氯氮平类试剂包括但不限于奥氮平(olanzapine)(2-甲基-4-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-10H-噻吩并[2,3-b][1,5]苯二氮
Figure G2007800202459D0029161741QIETU
)、氯氮平(8-氯-11-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-5H-二苯并[b,e][1,4]二氮
Figure 2007800202459100002G2007800202459D0029161741QIETU
)、喹硫平(5-[2-(4-二苯并[b,f][1,4]硫氮杂
Figure 2007800202459100002G2007800202459D0029161741QIETU
-11-基-1-哌嗪基)乙氧基]乙醇)、齐拉西酮(Ziprasidone)(5-[2-[4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪基]乙基]-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮)等。应该认识到,其它的典型和非典型的抗精神病剂可以用作本文所述的多巴胺受体拮抗剂。还应该认识到,可以使用典型的和非典型的抗精神病剂的各种组合。
本文所述的器械可以经构造以以和常规药物制剂相当的生物等价水平(at bioequivalency level)递送日常剂量量的各种第一和第二药剂20、22。示例性地,二甲双胍可以以和常规口服剂量500、850、1000或2000mg/天相关的速率递送。应该理解的是,通过本文描述的用于各种器械的肠道外路线递送的量通常明显低于等价的口服剂量形式。例如,二甲双胍可以以脉动递送方式或快速浓送方式递送,所述递送速率对应于不超过口服剂量形式所观察到的峰值血浆浓度(C最大),比如大约0.5-大约4微克/毫升。或者,二甲双胍可以以持续的或基础递送方式递送,所述递送速率低于C最大并且对应于在曲线下的面积(AUC)下面的平均值,比如大约4-大约10微克·小时/毫升。针对二甲双胍的以及针对本文中所述的其它第一和第二药剂20、22的这些和其它值,见于或者常规源自于在Physicians’s Desk Reference,Thompson PDR,Montvale NJ(第59版,2005)中给出的针对所述药剂的常规剂量形式的值,该文献在此通过引用结合进来。
意味着本文描述的器械可以特别适用于基础递送或者以更频繁但较小的剂量快速浓送如下药剂:所述药剂由于配制问题、方便性、或者预期患者顺从性差而常规每天一次或每天两次递送。相应地,本文所述的器械可以经构造以递送具有不能用常规制剂形式递送的药物代谢动力学分布的药剂。例如,通常伴随着一天一次剂量的峰-谷PK分布可以转换成较低水平的持续释放PK分布,或者更低峰值-峰高谷值的更频繁的脉动式PK分布。
由于本文公开的装置和方法的各种特征,本公开具有许多优点。应该认识到,本公开的装置和方法的替换性实施方案可以不包括所述的所有特征,但是仍然得益于这些特征的至少一些优点。本领域普通技术人员可以很容易地想出他们自己对结合了本公开的一个或多个特征并且落在本公开精神和范围内的装置和方法的实施方式。

Claims (15)

1.用于给药第一药剂和第二药剂的流体递送器械,包括:
外壳;
位于所述外壳内并且经构造以容纳所述第一药剂的第一流体储器,
位于所述外壳内并且经构造以容纳所述第二药剂的第二流体储器,
具有经构造以和所述第一流体储器流体连通的第一端部和经构造以从所述外壳延伸在外的第二端部的第一针,
具有经构造以和所述第二流体储器流体连通的第一端部和经构造以从所述外壳延伸在外的第二端部的第二针,
用于提供所述第一药剂的基础递送的第一基础驱动机构,
用于提供所述第二药剂的基础递送的第二基础驱动机构,和
用于提供所述第一药剂的快速浓送的快速浓送驱动机构,
其中所述第一和第二基础驱动机构每一个包括螺旋弹簧、基础驱动活塞和液压流体储器。
2.权利要求1的流体递送器械,进一步包括第一泵室和第二泵室,所述第一泵室经由第一流动限制器和第一基础驱动机构的液压流体储器流体连通,所述第二泵室经由第二流动限制器和第二基础驱动机构的液压流体储器流体连通。
3.权利要求2的流体递送器械,进一步包括第一递送活塞和第二递送活塞,所述第一递送活塞位于第一流体储器内以在第一流体储器内的第一药剂上施加力,所述第二递送活塞位于所述第二流体储器内以在第二流体储器内的第二药剂上施加力。
4.前述任一权利要求的流体递送器械,其中所述快速浓送驱动机构提供第二药剂的快速浓送。
5.权利要求1-3任一的流体递送器械,其中所述快速浓送驱动机构是第一快速浓送驱动机构,和其中所述流体递送器械进一步包括用于提供第二药剂的快速浓送的第二快速浓送驱动机构。
6.权利要求1的流体递送器械,其中所述快速浓送驱动机构包括棘齿机构以及和所述棘齿机构耦连的快速浓送活塞。
7.权利要求6的流体递送器械,进一步包括和所述第一流体储器相关的泵室,以及其中所述快速浓送活塞设置在和所述泵室流体连通的快速浓送流体储器中。
8.权利要求2或3的流体递送器械,其中所述快速浓送驱动机构包括棘齿机构以及和所述棘齿机构耦连的快速浓送活塞。
9.权利要求8的流体递送器械,其中所述快速浓送活塞设置在和泵室流体连通的快速浓送流体储器中。
10.权利要求1-3任一的流体递送器械,其中所述第一针设置在外壳的第一端部处,第二针设置在外壳的第二端部处。
11.权利要求1-3任一的流体递送器械,其中所述第一针的递送臂长于第二针的递送臂。
12.权利要求1的流体递送器械,其中所述第一针和第二针各自是“J形的”。
13.权利要求1-3和12任一的流体递送器械,进一步包括位于所述外壳内并且经构造以容纳第三药剂的第三储器。
14.权利要求1-3和12任一的流体递送器械,进一步包括容纳在所述第一流体储器中的第一药剂和容纳在所述第二流体储器中的第二药剂。
15.权利要求14的流体递送器械,其中第一或第二药剂之一是胰岛素或胰岛素类似物,第一或第二药剂的另一个包含选自由肠促胰岛素类、肠促胰岛素模拟物类、肠促胰岛素类似物类、糊精类、胰岛素促分泌素、胰岛素敏化剂、肝葡萄糖生产抑制剂、葡糖苷酶抑制剂、ATP依赖性钾通道阻滞剂、过氧物酶增殖物激活受体激动剂、胃肠葡萄糖吸收抑制剂和其组合组成的组的组分。
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WO2007115039A3 (en) 2008-12-18
IL232412A0 (en) 2014-06-30
JP2009532117A (ja) 2009-09-10
ES2656675T3 (es) 2018-02-28
KR20090014266A (ko) 2009-02-09
US8821443B2 (en) 2014-09-02
JP5650709B2 (ja) 2015-01-07
CN101460216A (zh) 2009-06-17
SG173319A1 (en) 2011-08-29
CA2646324C (en) 2016-06-07
US20130178799A1 (en) 2013-07-11

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