CN101401463A - 在漫游通信环境中交换策略信息的系统和方法 - Google Patents
在漫游通信环境中交换策略信息的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供了一种用于对网络环境中的漫游进行最优化的装置,该装置包括递送管理器,递送管理器可操作用于接收来自用户的注册请求。该请求包括被访问网络的身份和接入网络信息,递送管理器向策略服务器咨询作为IP地址分配或移动IP注册处理的一部分的策略决定。策略服务器通过策略对等将所分配的IP地址、被访问网络提供商身份和接入网络信息提供给归属策略服务器。策略服务器对注册进行授权并且记住被访问网络提供商的身份和接入网络信息,从而在用户执行注册时,应用管理器能够从策略服务器请求授权,策略服务器核查被访问网络的身份以及可能的接入网络并且确定是否对注册授权。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请在35U.S.C.§119下要求2006年3月6日提交的名称为“VERIZON WIRELES SMULTI-MEDIA PLUS(MMD+)PROGRAMSYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENT”、编号为60/780,176的临时申请的优先权。本申请还通过引用将该临时申请全部并入。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及通信领域,并且更具体地涉及用于在漫游通信环境中交换策略信息的系统和方法。
背景技术
在通信环境中,组网架构已经变得越来越复杂。另外,希望在网络环境中通信的客户端或端用户的增加,已经导致许多组网配置和系统通过添加元件以适应组网流量的增加和新的端用户的个人需求来作出响应。
随着端用户的订户基数的增加,对通信会话和数据流的正确路由和有效管理变得越来越重要。对于任何端用户组的一个重大领域涉及对等(peering)和注册。此问题在移动服务提供商网络架构(其中设备可以从网络漫游到网络)中尤其麻烦。
一些解决方案未能完全考虑到所有端用户。例如,RFC 3455定义了P-被访问的-网络-ID和P-接入-网络-信息头和有关过程。然而,这些仅仅适用于基于SIP的应用,并且还具有各种附带的缺点。另外,TIA-835-D定义了基于被访问的/归属网络的AAA RADIUS基础设施和运营商-IDRADIUS属性。然而,这同样是有缺陷的,因为,其仅仅适用于数据(网络级)接入认证并且不允许用于处于应用层的不同漫游协定。
因此,设计一种针对这些漫游用户的有效网络响应向部件制造商、系统管理员和网络运营商提出了重大挑战。
发明内容
本领域技术人员从前面的描述中可以意识到需要针对在网络环境中漫游的一个或多个端用户提供最优化响应的改进通信方法。根据本发明的一个实施例,提供了用于在通信环境中提供最优化信息交换的系统和方法,这种系统和方法大大减少了与传统网络漫游技术有关的缺点和问题。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供了用于提供对策略数据的最优化交换的架构,该架构包括:策略服务器,该策略服务器可操作用于对来自用户的注册请求进行授权。所述请求包括被访问网络的身份,递送管理器向所述策略服务器咨询作为IP地址分配或移动IP注册处理的一部分的策略决定。所述策略服务器通过策略对等(policy peering)将所分配的IP地址和被访问网络提供商提供给归属策略服务器。所述策略服务器对注册进行授权并且记住被访问网络提供商的身份,从而在该用户执行应用级注册时,应用管理器能够从所述策略服务器请求授权,所述策略服务器核查被访问网络的身份并且确定是否对所述应用级注册授权。所述注册请求是通过被访问网络或归属网络的递送管理器中的简单IP、代理移动IP或移动IP的。
在更具体的实施例中,尤其在被访问递送管理器的情形中,所述递送管理器包括所分配的IP地址和对所述策略服务器的策略请求,并且所述被访问策略服务器还包括被访问网络身份和对归属策略服务器的策略请求。在归属递送管理器的情形中,移动IP注册请求具有由被访问递送管理器附加的被访问网络信息,所述被访问递送管理器将该信息传递给归属递送管理器,所述归属递送管理器联系所述策略服务器以得到策略决定。
所述授权还能够在呼叫建立时发生,并且,此外,所述授权可以仅仅允许紧急呼叫。
在其它实施例中,所述授权在应用联系所述策略服务器以得到授权时发生,以当用户在某些提供商网络中漫游时仅仅允许一些应用可以被使用。接入网络信息是利用移动IP和策略对等提供的。代替利用SIP信令,信息作为移动IP(MIP)注册请求的一部分而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络,并且也通过策略事件而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络。
在另外的其它实施例中,通过策略服务器对等,归属网络能够将策略层面(facet)安装到被访问网络中,其请求关于接入网络技术或位置的改变的通知。此外,归属网络能够在无需SIP信令的情况下跟踪接入网络信息。
本发明的一些实施例可以提供许多技术优点。例如,根据本发明的一个实施例,提供了一种通信方法,该方法将被访问(漫游)网络身份和接入网络信息提供给归属网络,而不管SIP是否被使用。这进而使得能够提供多种基于位置的服务。这还使得应用(SIP或非SIP)能够基于被访问网络来改变它们的行为(和授权):例如,在某些网络中漫游时仅仅允许紧急呼叫。
本发明的某些实施例的另外的潜在优点在于:所提出的架构使得被访问(漫游)网络身份和接入网络信息能够被用作针对SIP和非SIP应用的策略决定处理的输入。例如,如果端点是在已知低带宽接入网络上,则可以相应地处理对高带宽应用的策略请求。同样,需要执行应用级漫游协定(诸如用于IMS/SIP)的应用请求可以使应用级漫游协定由策略服务器执行。下面将参考特定示例呼叫流来论述其它优点。
注意,本发明的某些实施例可以具有这些优点中的一些、全部,或者不具有这些优点。对于本领域技术人员,从下面的附图、描述和权利要求中,其它技术优点是很明显的。
附图说明
为了提供对本发明及其特征和优点的更全面的理解,结合附图参考下面的描述,附图中,相似的标号表示相似的部分,其中:
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的用于在通信环境中交换策略信息的通信系统的简化框图;
图2是示出更易理解的对本发明的一个潜在实施例的示例实施的简化框图;以及
图3是示出根据本发明的一个实施例的教导的简单流的简化流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是用于在网络环境中传送数据并且还用于为可能潜在地在网络之间漫游的端用户组提供有效策略对等协议的通信系统10的简化框图。通信系统10包括配置和计费流流向的服务数据管理器12。该系统中还包括安全管理器14,其任务也是配置。另外,通信系统10包括递送管理器(bearer manger)16(被耦合到策略服务器30)、应用管理器18(被耦合到服务能力交互管理(SCIM)元件36)、非SIP应用服务器20、应用服务器组22、媒体服务器组24、调节服务器(regulatory servers)组26和被耦合到服务数据管理器12的PSTN网关。通信系统10还包括IP网关(IPGW)32、无线电资源管理器(RRM)34、基站收发台(BTS)38和接入终端(AT)44。在图1中还示出多个云朵,举例说明该系统的各种可能的连接性特征。
在此移动网络示例中,图1一般可以被配置或者布置为表示通信架构,例如,根据本发明的特定实施例的可应用于全球移动通信(GSM)系统环境的2.5G网络。然而,2.5G架构被提供仅仅用于示例的目的,并且或者可以被为系统10提供通信平台的任何适当组网协议或设置替代。例如,通信系统10可以与包括应用操作的任何版本的GPRS隧道协议(GTP)协作。这可以包括提供用于应用分布的功能的第一代2G和3G架构。在另一示例中,通信系统10可以与支持提供用于应用分布的功能的xDSL架构的点对点协议(PPP)协作。
根据本发明的一个实施例,通信系统10利用策略服务器对等或者附加的移动IP消息来将被访问(漫游)网络提供商信息和接入网络信息传递给归属网络。此数据被存储在归属策略服务器中并且可用于针对SIP和非SIP应用执行漫游策略。当前的架构可以利用策略服务器对等和MIP消息将接入网络信息传递给归属的网络。在归属网络中,此数据被存储在策略服务器中并且可用作针对SIP和非SIP的策略决定的输入。通信系统10还使得信息通常可用于所有有关SIP和非SIP实体。
通过执行此范例,通信系统10将被访问(漫游)网络身份和接入网络信息提供给归属网络,并且此益处独立于所使用的协议(即,很容易地适用于SIP或其它协议)。另外,通信系统10使得能够提供多种基于位置的服务。其还使得应用(SIP或非SIP)能够基于被访问网络来改变它们的行为(和授权)。例如,当在某些网络中漫游时,此能力将仅仅允许紧急呼叫。
通信系统10也是有利的,因为其使得被访问(漫游)网络身份和接入网络信息被用作针对SIP和非SIP应用的策略决定处理的输入。例如,如果端点是在已知的低带宽接入网络上,则可以相应地处理对高带宽应用的策略请求。同样,需要执行应用级漫游协定(诸如用于IMS/SIP)的应用请求可以使应用级漫游协定由策略服务器执行。下面参考图2—3来提供与特定流有关的另外的细节。然而,在转到那些论述之前,提供一些关于通信系统10的基础设施的背景信息,以用于教导的目的。在该简短描述之后,论述了现有系统,以便进一步说明当前组网架构固有的一些问题。
接入终端(或者AT)通常是移动设备,但是该架构也提供固定设备接入。终端可以通过为它们提供适当IP连接性的高速无线数据网络来接入网络。AT还可以通过CDMA或者替代机制(诸如WiFi或者甚至1xRTT数据)来接入网络。在EVDO Rev A的情形中,RAN包括RRM和BTS。RAN负责提供层2移动接入、关于接入网络的服务质量(QoS)、移动性功能以及用于特定RAN的覆盖区域内的转交服务(handoff service)。
RAN与IPGW连接,IPGW是网络中的第一IP部件。顾名思义,其工作是用作层2RAN接入和IP层3网络之间的网关。IPGW负责对网络的移动装置进行认证。其通过与保存密钥的SM和移动装置之间的EAP交换来实现这点。IPGW利用在CDMA中定义的A10、A11、A12接口,RAN之间以及IPGW之间的转交功能来执行与RAN的通信,并且利用移动IPv6(MIPv6)辅助移动装置向IP网络的注册。MIPv6被用作层3的主要移动性技术,虽然该架构与移动IPv4相比在基本方面未发生任何改变。IPGW还负责针对其转发的分组的记帐(accounting)和QoS功能。
虽然从IPGW朝向RAN的接口是专用于RAN的,但是从IPGW朝向网络的其余部件的接口不专用于RAN。这允许布署其接入网是基于诸如WiFi之类的其它技术的IPGW。因为IPGW按照不是专用于接入网络的方式来执行诸如认证、转交和环境转变的功能,因此网络通过这些不同的接入网络技术允许无缝漫游和转交功能。
通过移动IP注册过程,移动装置可以被连接到递送管理器(BM),递送管理器(BM)用作IP锚点(anchor point)和MIPv6归属代理(HA)。由于其作为IP锚点的角色,所以BM还用作许多网络策略的自然执行点(natural enforcement point),包括QoS、记帐和移动性。BM还提供安全性功能,诸如防火墙、入侵检测和DDoS攻击防护。BM提供深度分组检查(DPI)功能,这允许对通过BM的应用层流量进行检测。BM还用作网络现状(network presence)(包括移动装置的漫游状态、其小区站点位置,等等)的贮存库。
与BM共处的是策略服务器(PS),策略服务器(PS)有时被称作策略管理器(PM)。PS负责执行实现对利用下层IP网络(IPGW、BM和RAN)的方式进行管理的运营商策略,以支持在网络的顶部运行的应用。也就是说,PS通过向BM和IPGW提供BM和IPGW执行的策略(称为层面(facet))来控制它们。PS被网络中的若干元件连接,以得到关于这些元件应当如何进行的决定(在这些决定会影响下层的IP网络使用的情况中)。
因为网络的主要目的之一是支持移动语音服务,所以会话发起协议(SIP)在该架构中起着重要的作用。SIP被用在移动装置和应用管理器(AM)之间,应用管理器(AM)用作网络中的主要SIP服务器。AM负责基本SIP功能,诸如SIP注册和SIP呼叫路由。AM提供基本的语音特征集,诸如呼叫转发和呼叫筛选(call screening)。AM负责对去往和来自端点的SIP呼叫进行授权,并且将这些呼叫路由到正确的终端部件,不管终端部件是另外的AM、到PSTN的网关还是对等运营商。AM可以利用ENUM来辅助在运营商之间路由呼叫,并且利用所配置的路由表来将呼叫路由到PSTN。AM负责调用基于SIP的应用服务器,基于SIP的应用服务器可以提供类似IP集中用户交换机(IP centrex)和一键通话(Push-To-Talk)的服务。这些应用服务器驻留在AM的顶部,并且利用IMS服务控制(ISC)接口来被接入。AM提供服务能力交互管理(SCIM)功能,此功能在其内部特征之间和应用服务器中调用的特征之间执行特征交互管理。AM还通过基于DIAMETER的接口与PS交互,向PS通知SIP会话请求,以便网络可以根据提供商策略被正确地配置以支持这些会话。AM还为现状和消息支持扩展(Presence and Messaging Leveraging Extensions)(SIMPLE)提供通过SIP的用户现状服务。
通信系统10支持两种不同类型的应用。一种类型是基于SIP的应用。这些应用服务器(AS)利用ISC接口驻留在AM的顶部,,并且利用基于SIP的交互而被调用。通信系统10还支持非SIP应用。这些应用直接被AT(或者通过其它触发器)调用。然而,对这些应用的接入以及对支持这些应用的下层网络资源的协调由应用服务器与其通信的PS管理。实际上,非SIP AS和PS之间的通信接口与AM和PS之间的通信接口是相同的,并且可以基于DIAMETER。
应用服务器可能经常需要接入媒体处理功能,诸如互动语音应答(IVR)、混合功能和消息传递功能。不是使每个应用服务器单独执行这些功能,而是它们被提取成为公共服务器集,称为媒体服务器。这些媒体服务器代表粗粒度(coarse-grained)应用部件,其对于其自身不是有用的应用,但被其它应用所使用时却是有用的。这些服务器还被称为服务使能者。
网络中几乎所有的部件都连接到安全管理器(SM),例如,也是利用DIAMETER应用。SM是网络中用于安全性服务的中央接入点。所有层中的认证都是通过与SM的交互发生的,因为SM作为用于密钥材料(keying materials)的中央贮存库和生成点。SM是安全操作中心(SOC)的核心,其提供对网络中的威胁的持续管理。SM与网络的其余部件协调,以提供入侵检测、网络基础设施安全性、流量基线制定、异常检测,等等。SM拥有针对网络的安全性策略,将安全性策略推进到独立于PS的各个部件中。这提供了安全性和功能策略的完全分离。SM还基于移动装置对针对软件服从(software compliance)的标准的服从(诸如OS版本、反病毒版本,等等)来执行移动装置的状态评估,以确定移动装置是否可以被准许处于网络中以及可以接入哪些服务。
服务数据管理器(SDM)用作网络中的订户数据的中央贮存库。所有需要接入订户数据的部件(包括AM、PS和应用服务器)都从SDM获得此数据,也是利用DIAMETER应用。因为在网络中使用了若干协议和设备,其中每个具有潜在不同的标识符,所以SDM用作订户数据模型的贮存库,并且能够将系统中所使用的各种标识符联系在一起。SDM提供对于数据的基本创建/读取/更新/删除(CRUD)服务,并且负责对数据的高度可靠存储。缓存被广泛使用并且SDM负责向网络元件提供数据的更新,以使缓存器可以被更新或者被无效。SDM还用作对于订户使用网络的记帐记录的贮存库。这些记录被后端计费系统读取以用于关联和计费。SDM还存储各种非订户数据片段,诸如PSTN路由选择逻辑。配置系统(Provisioning system)与SDM连接,用于将订户数据推进到其中以及读出订户数据。
与PSTN的互连是通过传统的基于SIP的PSTN网关实现的,无论是组合的还是分开的。调节服务器提供接口,该接口用于安装来自执法机构(law enforcement agency)的截取规则(intercept order)和搜集来自网络的数据以递送给执法机构。
现在转到本发明要解决的一些问题,在当前的基于IMS的架构中,I-CSCF和HSS的部分作用是对注册进行授权。当移动装置进行注册时,P-CSCF将P-被访问-网络-ID头(例如,参见RFC 3455)插入标识被访问网络提供商的SIP REGISTER消息中。归属网络中的I-CSCF接收该REGISTER,提取此头并且将其传递给HSS。HSS授权该被访问网络身份是有效漫游伙伴,并且用户被授权可漫游到此网络,并且HSS将此结果通知给I-CSCF。如果被授权,则I-CSCF将REGISTER转发给S-CSCF,或者,如果没被授权,则拒绝请求。
这种机制遭遇到以下缺点,即,其仅仅适用于对SIP的漫游授权,而且,其仅仅可用于注册。没有对注册进行授权但因为漫游伙伴的身份而拒绝呼叫或者对一个或多个其它应用进行授权的方法。
类似地,TIA-835-D定义了运营商ID RADIUS属性,该属性可在被访问网络中的接入网络授权期间由被访问网络AAA基础设施提供给归属网络AAA基础设施。这使得归属网络可以在网络层执行漫游限制,然而,这遭遇到类似于当前IMS解决方案的限制。具体而言,其不允许被应用到应用级的漫游限制:用户端点被允许接入(并且对所有应用的漫游接入都是固有被准许的)或者不被允许接入(并且对所有应用的漫游接入都是固有被禁止的)。
第二个有关的问题涉及接入网络信息,接入网络信息包括网络的类型和用户端点的位置信息。在IMS架构中,P-CSCF利用P-接入-网络-信息头(RFC 3455)将关于网络类型、小区站点等的信息传送给归属网络。然而,这种机制仅仅适用于SIP。当这些信息改变时(并不总是这种情况),其还假设存在SIP消息传递。
通信系统10通过提供对上述问题的普通解决方案解决了这些问题以及其它问题。本质上,通信系统10支持以下观点:为了允许不同应用具有并且执行不同漫游协定,使用策略和策略服务器对等替代IMS或传统AAA基础设施。下面将参考图2和图3来概述关于所提出的架构的细节。
图2是示出与示例漫游架构有关的其它细节的简化框图,并且图2还提供了根据本发明的一个实施例的教导的简单设置。图2示出本发明可以在其中工作的另一示例环境。此图更易于理解,因此,此图包括实施本发明并不一定需要的若干部件。
图2包括归属网络和被访问网络。因此,图2常常包括驻留在每个网络中的类似部件,诸如:服务数据管理器52和70、RAN 54和78、IPGW56和76、递送管理器58和74和执行策略对等的策略服务器60和72。图2还包括执行安全性对等的安全性管理器64和66、应用管理器62和68、应用服务器48和50和移动台80。
软件和/或硬件可以驻留在策略服务器(30、60/72)和/或递送管理器(例如58或74)中,以便实现对本发明的特征的教导。对于构思中的移动IP方,递送管理器将信息添加到由V-BM发送给H-BM的MIP消息中。V-BM进而了解到来自IPGW的接入网络信息。
注意,由于这些部件的灵活性,它们可以替代地配备有(或者包括)任何适当的部件、设备、专用集成电路(ASIC)、处理器、微处理器、算法、只读存储器(ROM)元件、随机存储存储器(RAM)元件、可擦写可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦写可编程ROM(EEPROM)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者可操作以辅助其操作的任何适当元件或对象。相当大的灵活性是由通信系统10的环境中的策略服务器(30、60/72)和/或递送管理器(例如58或74)的结构提供的,因此,它们应当照此进行解释。
应当注意,图2的系统的内部结构是通用的,并且可以很容易地改变、修改、重新布置或者重新配置,以便实现其预期的操作或者其它操作。此外,图1和图2中的任何项可以被适当地组合,或者被可操作用于实现这里所述的任何操作的其它功能元件替代。
关于移动性,策略服务器可以做出许多决定并且可以安装与移动性有关的各种层面。PS做出的一些决定包括漫游授权。当订户漫游时,PS可以判断该漫游操作是否被允许。这可以基于漫游伙伴方、为订户运行的应用,等等。漫游授权决定是在IP地址分配、代理移动IP注册或MIP注册时做出的,此时BM可以向PS询问决定。漫游策略也可以是在注册时经由安装到BM中的层面从外界得出的。
移动性层面包括漫游。例如,替代当订户移动时做出关于漫游事件的决定,策略服务器可以计算漫游层面并且将其交给BM。漫游层面基于漫游伙伴方的身份来指定漫游是否被准许。漫游层面仅仅可以用在当漫游决定除了需要漫游伙伴方的身份(当然还有订户身份)之外不需要任何其它信息的时候。
策略环境是策略服务器用来做出决定的状态集合。策略环境可以被认为是策略规则可以通过比较(相等、大于、不相等,等等)核查的一组变量。通常有两种类型的策略环境:本地的或者远程的。本地策略环境是由PS主动存储和维护的策略环境。通过来自元件的询问或者通过简单的事件报告而传递给PS的事件,对这些策略环境进行更新。本地策略环境的示例包括当前运行的SIP应用的集合(当其要求继续进行应用时从AM传递到PS)、订户驻留在其中的漫游网络(在MIP注册期间从BM传递到PS)以及一天的时间。由于各种原因,远程策略环境是变量,其不存储在PS中,但是PS可以通过发出要获取当前值的询问来“读取”。这种变量的一个示例是在RAN中针对来自订户的QoS请求做出的许可决定。这些QoS请求在RAN中被本地处理,并且结果被告知IPGW。它们不被传递到PS,除非已经超出授权界限(authorization envelope)。另一个示例是移动、活动或者睡眠模式。此信息一般也不传递给策略服务器,除非PS做出明确请求以通知这些改变。非常相似的配置,策略环境跨越移动性、接入和连接性、QoS、DPI和记帐。它们还包括安全性和应用策略环境。
移动性策略环境可以包括漫游网络身份,该身份是被访问网络提供商的身份。移动性策略环境是一种本地策略环境,并且通过接入网络登陆(login)和MIP注册处理而被得知,此时它分别从SM和BM被传递到PS。该策略环境还可以包括位置。该策略环境还可以包括位置。订户的位置可以被表示为正在服务的IPGW和正在服务的小区标识符。位置有助于处理策略,这从而可以指示某些应用仅仅在某些区域中被允许用于订户。位置在IP地址分配、代理移动IP或MIP注册期间被传递给BM,并且使得可用于PS。该策略环境还可以包括订户模式:例如,活动的、或者空闲的、或者休眠的,超出覆盖范围。这是一种通过关于订户的定期更新而被学习的环境。
接入策略环境包括接入技术:移动装置所使用的下层技术,无论其是WiFi、lxRTT、EVDO,还是其它技术。这可以从IPGW得知。
关于订户的位置信息可以构成若干参数:被访问网络、区域、服务小区标识符、接入网络类型和订户的经度/纬度地理位置。诸如小区标识符的信息通常是可用的并且可用于接近订户的位置,但是其非常依赖小区大小、覆盖范围。物理位置信息可以通过另外的技术来改进。订户的物理位置依赖设备的类型以及用于标识精确位置的技术。可以通过GPS使能设备或者利用基于网络的技术来实现位置提取。GPS使能设备可以被询问以报告GPS信息,并且该信息可以是可利用的,不管接入的类型(EVDO、WiFi、固定网络)如何。
位置应用可以按照两种方式来获得信息:通过直接询问移动客户端,或者通过请求网络。位置应用可以直接询问GPS使能设备以报告位置信息。在没有这种信息或者为了帮助通过GPS接收的信息的情况中,可以使用基于网络的技术。诸如AFLT的基于网络的技术可以由RAN执行,并且此信息可以报告给BM中的网络/位置现状服务器。位置应用可以询问BM中的网络/位置现状服务器以请求针对给定订户的位置信息。BM进而通过IPGW将此询问发送给RAN并获得针对订户的基于三角测量的结果(triangulation-based results)。此信息然后与另外的网络现状信息一起被返回位置应用。
递送管理器可以提供开放接口,通过该开放接口,使诸如小区站点的位置和现状信息变得可用。
在转到给定网络中的通信系统10的示例流之前,提供一些关于典型漫游协议的基本信息。有必要提供一些关于以下发明进行操作的方式的概述。下面的基本信息可以被视为可以适当地说明本发明的基础。这些信息被认真地提供仅仅用于说明的目的,因此不应当以任何限制本发明的宽泛范围及其潜在应用的方式来解释。
当用户漫游时,架构的一些部件被“分离”。对于每个分离的部件,一些处理由该组件的在被访问网络中的示例实现,而一些处理由在归属网络中的示例实现。在通信系统10中,BM/PS和SM被分离。IPGW完全驻留在被访问网络中,并且SDM和AM完全驻留在归属网络中。在一些情况中,在被访问网络中可以提供本地服务;这些服务可能涉及对完全驻留在被访问网络中的应用服务器的使用。
基本的漫游过程如下。AT连接到被访问网络中的RAN,并且连接到其IPGW和其附加点(point of attachment)。IPGW利用EAP过程对AT进行认证。IPGW将移动装置所断言的身份传递给被访问SM(V-SM)。V-SM与订户无关。然而,订户的身份具有user@domain的形式。因此,V-SM利用标识符的域部分来定位订户的归属域中的SM(H-SM)。此H-SM可以直接对客户端进行认证,并且如果不可以(因为客户端由不同H-SM服务),则其可以将消息路由到正确的H-SM。然后正常进行认证。在交换结束时,IPGW得知设备的身份,并且如果该设备是集成的,IPGW还得知订户的身份。EAP交换还可以向IPGW提供归属网络中的若干密钥服务(key services)的身份,包括被分配给归属网络中的订户的BM和AM。
此时,客户端获得了被访问网络中的地址。该地址可以由客户端利用DHCP来获得。在接收到DHCP的询问时,IPGW利用ProxyMIP,并且从V-BM获得IP地址。IPGW基于被访问网络策略选择V-BM。因为被访问网络与订户无关,这些策略不会专用于该订户。V-BM联系V-PS以得到关于注册的策略决定。V-PS通过使用策略服务器对等联系用于该订户的H-PS,并且包括作为请求一部分的被访问网络身份和可能的接入网络信息。H-PS现在可以基于被访问网络身份和可能的接入网络信息来做出策略决定。如果H-PS允许被访问网络中的注册请求,则其将此通知给V-PS,V-PS进而将此通知给V-BM。V-BM然后向IPGW发送包括所分配的IP地址的ProxyMIP响应。一旦IPGW从V-BM获得了地址,则该地址然后在DHCP响应中被提供给AT。AT然后进行移动IP过程以从归属BM获得地址。AT可将其被访问地址(其通过DHCP获得)注册作为对于归属BM的附加点。MIP过程要求移动装置(在IPv6的情况中)或者IPGW(在IPv4的情况中)提供H-BM的地址。此身份在EAP认证处理期间被传递给IPGW,并且然后在DHCP答复中被传递给移动装置。V-BM还可以在DHCP答复中将其它自举参数(bootstrapping parameters)传递给AT。例如,在DHCP答复中提供有用于了解本地拨号计划的配置服务器的地址。当AT发送MIP请求时,IPGW可以将接入网络信息附加到其中,并且V-BM可以在将该消息转发给H-BM之前将接入网络信息和被访问网络身份消息附加到其中。H-BM在接收到MIP消息时与H-PS进行交互,并且H-BM可以将所提供的接入网络信息和被访问网络身份信息作为此处理的一部分提供给H-PS,从而使H-PS可以利用此信息和与IP会话有关的其它策略请求。
通过将被访问地址注册作为附加点,朝向归属BM的递送路径可以包括V-BM。这具有将移动性隐藏在远离归属BM的被访问网络内的好处。可以不需要MIP绑定更新,直到AT完全移动到不同的提供商网络为止。此移动性定位改善了网络的性能并且减轻了BM的负担。
H-BM可以对移动IP注册进行认证。对于集成客户端,该认证可以基于从EAP认证得出的密钥,否则,其基于提供给用于MIP认证目的的设备的共享秘密。在任一种情况中,H-BM与H-SM进行交互以对MIP注册进行认证。
V-BM和H-BM可以联系它们各自的策略服务器来获得应用于订户的策略。获得这些策略涉及策略服务器对等的使用。
一旦MIP注册完成,移动装置就进行SIP注册。SIP REGISTER消息直接从AT发送给驻留在归属网络中的AM。AT可以得知作为DHCP的结果的AM地址。如果AT不是集成的,则通过配置来得知其AM,因为AM被静态地分配给订户。这些过程等同地可应用于IPv6(在这种情况中使用了MIPv6和PMIPv6)和IPv4(在这种情况中使用了PMIPv4)。
关于漫游过程,对于移动IPv6,作为接入认证处理的一部分,归属递送管理器地址通过H-SM被提供给IPGW。客户端通过与和其附加点关联的IPGW进行DHCP交换来接收被访问地址。所分配的地址是从子网络中得出的,所述子网络归属于与附加客户端的IPGW处于相同区域中的递送管理器。被访问递送管理器是基于被访问网络中的区域配置选择出的。该地址被称为被访问地址。该地址被用作在建立与归属递送管理器的移动性绑定时的转交地址(Care of Address)。
在向设备通知转交地址和归属递送管理器之前,代理MIPv6过程被用于在被访问递送管理器和IPGW之间建立双向隧道。这允许被访问递送管理器通过正确IPGW来转发去往给定转交地址的流量。当客户端的附加点改变时,代理MIPv6过程被用于通过新的附加点来对客户端进行重新注册。
当PMIPv6过程完成时,包含被访问地址、归属递送管理器地址和归属AM地址的DHCP响应被发送给客户端。IPv6客户端然后发起与归属递送管理器的MIPv6绑定。在MIPv6绑定请求中提供的转发地址是由被访问递送管理器分配给客户端的地址。此绑定发起通过被访问递送管理器而被路由到归属递送管理器。归属递送管理器对订户标识符和H-SM进行认证。成功认证导致归属递送管理器从归属于归属递送管理器的子网络向客户端发送绑定确认并且分配IPv6地址。此时可以得到订户策略。
因为转发地址是由被访问BM拥有的,所以绑定响应可以从归属BM路由到被访问BM。前面的PMIPv6序列确保被访问BM可通过正确IPGW将绑定确认转发给客户端。
设备现在具有由归属递送管理器分配的IPv6地址,和与被访问递送管理器相关联的IPv6转发地址。在被访问递送管理器和IPGW之间存在隧道,以确保被访问递送管理器能够“看到”该递送和控制路径,并且可以执行被访问网络策略。对于移动IPv4,所采取的步骤非常类似于用于IPv6客户端的步骤。实际上,本设计的一个目标是:架构在v4和v6之间不会根本不同。用于客户端的归属递送管理器被分配作为接入认证过程的一部分。通过利用DHCP过程来分配被访问地址,通过利用代理注册技术而在IPGW和被访问递送管理器之间建立隧道,并且然后,在客户端和归属递送管理器之间建立移动性绑定,类似于IPv6的情况,DHCP用于被访问地址分配。
认证步骤与用于MIPv6的认证步骤相同。在成功接入认证之后,代表客户端的代理注册建立了与被访问递送管理器的移动性绑定。被访问递送管理器基于区域配置而被选出。被访问递送管理器向客户端分配IP地址,IP地址作为移动性绑定建立的一部分被返回给IPGW。
AT向IPGW发送DHCP发现消息,并且被访问地址在DHCP确认消息中被提供给客户端。DHCP确认还可以包含归属BM地址和归属AM地址。被访问递送管理器通过IPGW将外地代理通告(Foreign AgentAdvertisement)发送给客户端。
接收的外地代理通告向客户端通知用于MIPV4注册的外地代理可以是V-BM。客户端通过IPGW将包含订户ID的MIPv4注册请求发送给V-BM。该注册请求被寄送到V-BM。归属代理地址字段包含在DHCP确认中所标识的归属递送管理器的地址。
用作MIPv4外地代理的V-BM向归属递送管理器发送注册请求。MIPv4注册请求中的转发地址是被访问递送管理器的地址。当客户端已经分配了地址(对于该地址,被访问递送管理器用作外地代理)时,所有去往客户端的分组都经过被访问递送管理器。因此,在被访问递送管理器处可以应用被访问网络策略。从客户端发送的所有流量通过在IPGW和被访问递送管理器之间建立的隧道而被发送给被访问递送管理器,在IPGW和被访问递送管理器之间建立的隧道是利用上述代理移动性注册过程建立的。这确保了来自客户端的所有流量都受制于被访问网络策略。
基于订户ID的订户层3认证是在分配归属地址的归属递送管理器处执行的。归属地址在MIPv4注册答复中被返回,并且该答复被发送给包含在MIPv4注册请求中的转发地址。注册答复从被访问递送管理器而被发送给IPGW,并且被转发给客户端。作为注册请求/答复交换的结果,在归属递送管理器和客户端之间建立起了路径。该路径包括一系列固定路径、归属递送管理器—被访问递送管理器路径、被访问递送管理器路径—IPGW路径以及IPGW—客户端路径。
设备具有由归属递送管理器分配的IPv4地址和与被访问递送管理器相关联的IPv4被访问地址。在被访问递送管理器和IPGW之间存在隧道,以确保被访问递送管理器可以“看到”该递送和控制路径,并执行被访问网络策略。
现在转到本发明的特征,图3是提出用于本发明的一个实施例的基本示例呼叫流的简化流程图。该流在步骤100中当用户试图注册IP地址时开始。注册是通过被访问网络的递送管理器中的简单或者代理移动IP,还是归属网络的递送管理器中的移动IP,对PM(策略管理器或者策略服务器)的请求都包括被访问网络的身份。
在任一种情况中,在步骤102,递送管理器可以向策略服务器咨询作为IP地址分配或移动IP注册处理的一部分的策略决定。在被访问递送管理器的情形中,递送管理器包括所分配的IP地址和对策略管理器的策略请求,并且策略管理器通过策略对等将所分配的IP地址和被访问网络实体提供给归属策略服务器。在归属递送管理器的情形中,移动IP注册请求(或者绑定更新)具有由V-BM附加的被访问网络信息,V-BM将被访问网络信息传递给H-BM,H-BM进而联系PM以得到策略决定。这由步骤104图示出。
在任一种情况中,在步骤106,PM对IP或MIP注册进行授权,并且记住对于该订户的被访问网络提供商的身份/IP地址。当该订户执行其SIP注册时,AM(例如,S-CSCF)可以从PM请求授权。PM核查被访问网络的身份并且对注册授权或者不对注册授权。此授权还可以在呼叫建立时发生,例如,以仅仅允许紧急呼叫,或者在其它应用联系PM以得到授权时发生,例如,以当用户在某些提供商网络中漫游时仅仅允许一些应用可以被使用。这由步骤108图示出。
接入网络信息通过利用类似的战略来提供。替代对此利用SIP信令(或者潜在的AAA基础设施),而是,信息作为MIP注册请求(或者绑定更新)的一部分从被访问网络被传递到归属网络,并且也通过策略事件从被访问网络被传递到归属网络(V-PS可以通过来自V-BM的策略消息来得知此信息)。当UE改变了被访问网络中的其BM时,MIP注册请求(或者绑定更新)被发送,其传达新的BM的身份、提供商身份和响应的接入网络信息(通过V-BM将此信息添加到MIP注册请求或者绑定更新中)。此外,通过策略服务器对等,归属网络可以将策略层面安装在被访问网络中,其请求来自被访问网络的关于接入网络技术或位置的改变的通知。V-BM可以将这些层面委派给IPGW。当被访问网络中的V-BM或IPGW看到变化时,通知H-PM(通过V-PM)。因此,归属网络现在可以跟踪接入网络信息(诸如接入网络类型、小区段ID或其它形式的位置信息,等等),而无需从移动装置发起的SIP信令。此外,接入网络信息现在对于其它(非SIP)实体通常是可用的(通过PM或BM本身)。
参考图3描述的一些步骤可以被改变或者删除,其中,适当的其它步骤也可以添加到这些处理流中。这些改变可以基于专用通信架构或者特定连接布置和相关元件的配置,并且不脱离本发明的教导的范围。
虽然已经参考特定实施例详细描述了本发明,但是系统10可以扩展到在有线或无线连接或耦合的环境中端用户12被提供有呼叫选项的任何情形。其还可以扩展到用于实现本发明的教导的任何其它网络信令协议。
而且,通信系统10提供的重大的灵活性在于可以利用辅助其操作的其它部件来代替任何适当的一个或多个部件。
此外,虽然在特定环境和情景中描述了本发明,但是本发明可以用在无数应用中。本领域技术人员可以发现许多其它改变、替换、变体、变化和修改,并且本发明法旨在包括所有这些改变、替换、变体、变化和修改,只要它们落入本发明的精神和范围内。而且,本发明不旨在以任何方式受说明书中未在所附权利要求中所反映的任何陈述的限制。
Claims (32)
1.一种用于对网络环境中的漫游进行最优化的装置,该装置包括:
策略服务器,递送管理器向所述策略服务器咨询作为IP地址分配、代理移动IP或移动IP注册处理的一部分的策略决定,所述策略服务器通过策略对等将所分配的IP地址和被访问网络提供商提供给归属策略服务器,所述递送管理器可操作用于接收来自用户的注册请求,其中,所述请求包括被访问网络的身份,所述策略服务器对注册进行授权并且记住对于该用户的被访问网络提供商的身份,从而在该用户执行应用级注册时,应用管理器或其它SIP和非SIP应用能够从所述策略服务器请求授权,所述策略服务器核查所述被访问网络的身份并且确定是否对所述注册授权。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述注册请求是通过所述被访问网络或归属网络的递送管理器中的简单IP、代理移动IP或移动IP的。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,在被访问递送管理器的情形中,所述递送管理器包括所分配的IP地址和对所述策略服务器的策略请求。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,在归属递送管理器的情形中,移动IP注册请求具有由被访问递送管理器附加的被访问网络信息,所述被访问递送管理器将该信息传递给归属递送管理器,所述归属递送管理器联系所述策略服务器以得到策略决定,其中,对策略服务器的请求包括被访问网络信息和所分配的IP地址。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述授权还能够在呼叫建立时发生。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置,其中,所述授权仅仅允许紧急呼叫。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述授权在应用联系所述策略服务器以得到授权时发生,以当该用户在某些提供商网络中漫游时仅仅允许一些应用可以被使用。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,接入网络信息是利用所述策略对等提供的,并且其中,所述接入网络信息通过PMIP或策略从IP网关被传递到所述递送管理器,并且通过策略从所述递送管理器被传递到所述策略管理器。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置,其中,代替利用SIP信令,信息作为MIP注册请求或MIP绑定更新的一部分而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络,并且也通过策略事件而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,通过策略服务器对等,归属网络能够将策略层面安装到被访问网络中,其请求关于接入网络技术或位置的改变的通知。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,归属网络能够在无需SIP信令的情况下跟踪接入网络信息。
12.一种用于对网络环境中的漫游进行最优化的方法,该方法包括:
通过策略管理器向递送管理器提供策略决定,所述递送管理器向所述策略服务器咨询作为IP地址分配、代理移动IP或移动IP注册处理的一部分的策略决定,并且所述策略服务器通过策略对等将所分配的IP地址和被访问网络提供商提供给归属策略服务器,所述递送管理器接收来自用户的注册请求,其中,所述请求包括被访问网络的身份;并且
对注册进行授权并且记住对于该用户的被访问网络提供商的身份,从而在该用户执行应用级注册时,应用管理器或其它SIP和非SIP应用能够从所述策略服务器请求授权,所述策略服务器核查所述被访问网络的身份并且确定是否对所述注册授权。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述注册请求是通过所述被访问网络或归属网络的递送管理器中的简单IP、代理移动IP或者移动IP的。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在被访问递送管理器的情形中,所述递送管理器包括所分配的IP地址和对所述策略服务器的策略请求。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在归属递送管理器的情形中,移动IP注册请求或移动IP绑定更新具有由被访问递送管理器附加的被访问网络信息,所述被访问递送管理器将该信息传递给归属递送管理器,所述归属递送管理器联系所述策略服务器以得到策略决定,并且其中,对策略服务器的请求包括被访问网络信息和所分配的IP地址。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述授权还能够在呼叫建立时发生。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述授权仅仅允许紧急呼叫。
18.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述授权在应用联系所述策略服务器以得到授权时发生,以当用户在某些提供商网络中漫游时仅仅允许一些应用可以被使用。
19.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,接入网络信息是利用所述策略对等提供的,并且其中,所述接入网络信息通过PMIP或策略从IP网关被传递到所述递送管理器,并且通过策略从所述递送管理器被传递到所述策略管理器。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中,代替利用SIP信令,信息作为MIP注册请求或MIP绑定更新的一部分而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络,并且也通过策略事件而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络。
21.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,通过策略服务器对等,归属网络能够将策略层面安装到被访问网络中,其请求关于接入网络技术或位置的改变的通知。
22.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,归属网络能够在无需SIP信令的情况下跟踪接入网络信息。
23.用于对网络环境中的漫游进行最优化的软件,该软件被嵌入在计算机可读介质中并且包括代码,所述代码在被执行时可操作用于:
通过策略管理器向递送管理器提供策略决定,所述递送管理器向所述策略服务器咨询作为IP地址分配、代理移动IP或移动IP注册处理的一部分的策略决定,并且所述策略服务器通过策略对等将所分配的IP地址和被访问网络提供商提供给归属策略服务器,所述递送管理器接收来自用户的注册请求,其中,所述请求包括被访问网络的身份;并且
对注册进行授权并且记住对于该用户的被访问网络提供商的身份,从而在该用户执行应用级注册时,应用管理器或其它SIP和非SIP应用能够从所述策略服务器请求授权,所述策略服务器核查所述被访问网络的身份并且确定是否对所述注册授权。
24.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,所述注册请求是通过所述被访问网络或归属网络的递送管理器中的简单IP、代理移动IP或者移动IP的。
25.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,在被访问递送管理器的情形中,所述递送管理器包括所分配的IP地址和对所述策略服务器的策略请求。
26.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,在归属递送管理器的情形中,移动IP注册请求或移动IP绑定更新具有由被访问递送管理器附加的被访问网络信息,所述被访问递送管理器将该信息传递给归属递送管理器,所述归属递送管理器联系所述策略服务器以得到策略决定,其中,对策略服务器的请求包括被访问网络信息和所分配的IP地址。
27.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,所述授权还能够在呼叫建立时发生,并且其中,所述授权仅仅允许紧急呼叫。
28.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,所述授权在应用联系所述策略服务器以得到授权时发生,以当用户在某些提供商网络中漫游时仅仅允许一些应用可以被使用。
29.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,接入网络信息是利用所述策略对等提供的,并且其中,所述接入网络信息通过PMIP或策略从IP网关被传递到所述递送管理器,并且通过策略从所述递送管理器被传递到所述策略管理器。
30.如权利要求29所述的介质,其中,代替利用SIP信令,信息作为MIP注册请求或MIP绑定更新的一部分而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络,并且也通过策略事件而从被访问网络被传递到归属网络。
31.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,通过策略服务器对等,归属网络能够将策略层面安装到被访问网络中,所述被访问网络请求关于接入网络技术或位置的改变的通知。
32.如权利要求23所述的介质,其中,归属网络能够在无需SIP信令的情况下跟踪接入网络信息。
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US11722413B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2023-08-08 | Viasat, Inc. | Steering network traffic over multiple access networks |
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