CN101400866A - 一组防潮地板块和地板 - Google Patents
一组防潮地板块和地板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一组具有弹性表面层(4)的防潮地板块(1,1’)和由这种地板块组成的地板,该弹性表面层具有装饰凹槽(7)和/或密封装置(51,52,53,54)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有弹性表面层的一组防潮地板块和地板,该弹性表面层具有装饰凹槽和/或密封装置。
背景技术
特别地但非限制性地,本发明涉及一种地板块,该地板块包含至少在两个相对边缘形成的机械锁定系统,和具有装饰凹槽的弹性表面层。下文对现有技术、已知系统的问题以及本发明的目标和特征的说明将首先作为一个非限制性示例针对此应用范围。应强调,本发明可用于任何地板块,并且可与所有类型的已知锁定系统相结合,其中该地板块将使用机械锁定系统接合,该机械锁定系统在至少两个相邻侧边上沿水平和垂直方向连接镶板。
已知,例如如WO 03/012224中所述,具有弹性表面层的地板块可具有斜面形式的装饰性接合部。
发明内容
目前已知的具有包含装饰性接合部的弹性表面层的地板块具有一些缺陷。仅能够使边缘具有斜面,该斜面小于该弹性表面层的厚度。如果该斜面制成较大,则该斜面向下延伸到易于受潮的核心。该弹性层通常较薄,因此仅能生成几乎不可见的小斜面。另一个缺陷是两个地板块的接合边缘和相邻边缘都必须具有斜面,以便看上去有吸引力并增加该装饰性接合部的总宽度。已知的具有弹性表面层的两个地板块之间的接合部还具有湿气渗入该接合部的问题,这样会破坏易于受潮的核心下层地面。如果地板块在该接合部处具有斜面,则由于在由两个相邻斜面形成的V形凹槽的底部和由弹性材料制成的其余薄的屏障部分积聚灰尘和湿气,此问题会更加严重。
本发明提出了具有包含装饰凹槽的弹性表面层的一种防潮地板和一组防潮地板块,其提供了具有相应优点的新实施例。该地板块的一个有用领域是例如商店、餐馆、轮船、宾馆、机场或家庭房间内的公共地板,其严重地暴露在灰尘中,因而常常利用拖把进行清洁。另一个有用领域是湿室。防潮地板块是指地板块的正面具有防潮材料,并且地板块的连接装置和边缘构造成在该地板块和另一个相邻地板块之间获得防潮接合部。
根据第一方面,本发明提供了一组防潮地板块,该防潮地板块包含正面、背面、核心、至少设置在两个相对边缘处的用于连接该地板块与相似地板块的连接装置、和位于正面的优选地由橡胶或塑料制成的弹性表面层。该弹性表面层包含位于该地板块的边缘处的装饰凹槽。该装饰凹槽的底部基本是平的并且平行于该正面。
第一个优点是装饰凹槽的宽度没有限制。甚至较大的装饰凹槽也防水并且保护核心或下层地面。第二个优点是由于可用一个宽凹槽代替两个窄凹槽,所以仅需要加工一半数量的边缘。
优选地,具有装饰凹槽的边缘在弹性层内具有密封装置,该密封装置构造成与位于另一相邻地板块的边缘处的弹性层内的另一密封装置协作以获得密封。在一个实施例中,该密封装置包含水平延伸的突出部,而另一密封装置包含侧向开口凹槽。在最优选的实施例中,密封装置中的一个或两个具有密封剂。
在另一个优选实施例中,两个密封装置都具有侧向开口凹槽,该凹槽具有密封剂。
优选地,该连接装置由至少在地板块的两个相对边缘处形成的机械锁定系统构成,其有助于相似地板块的接合。利用偏角调节(angling)接合的机械锁定系统例如从WO 94/26999已知,该机械锁定系统在矩形地板的长边上尤其有利,而 Innovation AB拥有的PCT/SE2005/001586说明了另一种锁定系统,该锁定系统在短边上尤其有利,特别是在与如同WO 94/26999内所述的偏角调节锁定系统组合时。地板块还可以是其它形状。上述锁定系统的组合使得可利用多种方法、优选地利用单个动作方法接合地板块,其中长边利用偏角调节安装,而具有柔性榫舌的短边通过垂直折叠安装。这种组合还非常易于拆卸。还已知并可使用其它机械锁定系统,该机械锁定系统利用偏角调节-偏角调节、偏角调节-卡扣或卡扣-卡扣接合。具有机械锁定系统的地板块通常被浮动地-即未粘结地-铺设在已有的下层地面上。
很明显,还可使用榫槽接合,该榫槽接合通常与粘结或钉紧或其它紧固方法相组合。
根据第一方面的一个实施例,木基核心由MDF或HDF制成,优选地厚度为6-9mm。弹性表面层的厚度优选地为1-3mm。
根据一个实施例,弹性表面层包含三个层:位于顶部的透明耐磨层、中间装饰层和最接近核心的加强层。还可将图案直接印制在该透明耐磨层的背侧或该加强层的顶部。优选地,该装饰凹槽仅存在于该透明层内并任选地被上色,但是也可使该凹槽向下延伸到该装饰层或加强层。通过使凹槽向下延伸到其它的层,层的不同颜色产生了一种视觉效果,而不需要上色。另一个实施例是仅包含透明层和由有色塑料或软木层制成的加强层的弹性层。可选择地,装饰层是胶合板或软木层,或者弹性表面层具有两个层:透明耐磨层和软木制成的加强层。
根据第二方面,本发明提供了一组防潮地板块,该防潮地板块包含正面、背面、核心、至少设置在两个相对边缘处的用于连接该地板块与相似地板块的连接装置、和位于正面的优选地由橡胶或塑料制成的弹性表面层。防潮地板块在边缘处并在弹性层内具有密封装置,该密封装置构造成与另一相邻地板块的边缘处的弹性层内的另一密封装置协作以获得密封。
优选地,该密封装置包含水平延伸突出部,而另一密封装置包含侧向开口凹槽。在最优选的实施例中,一个或两个该密封装置具有密封剂。
在另一个优选实施例中,两个密封装置均具有侧向开口凹槽,该侧向开口凹槽具有密封剂。
该密封装置和密封剂增加了对湿气和水渗入接合部和核心的阻力,并且旨在完全密封该接合部。
根据第二目标,本发明提供了一种地板,该地板包含至少两个上述第一目标中的地板块,该地板块优选地机械地沿相邻边缘接合。
鉴于上文,本发明的一个目标是解决或至少减少上面讨论的问题。
具体的,本发明的目标是提供一种包含弹性表面层的地板和地板块,在该弹性表面层内具有装饰凹槽,并且该凹槽清晰可见。此外,该地板块防潮并且具有很好的声学特性。
除非另外明确说明,否则所有对“一/该[元件,设备,组成部件,装置,步骤等]”的描述都应被直接地理解为是指所述元件、设备、组成部件、装置、步骤等的至少一个实例。
附图说明
图1a示出本领域已知的具有弹性表面层和装饰凹槽的地板块。
图1b示出根据本发明的一个实施例的地板块。
图2a-d示出本发明的可选实施例。
图3示出根据本发明一个实施例的三个接合地板块。
图4a-c示出根据本发明的一个实施例的地板块和接合地板块的不同视图。
图5a、5c-6c示出根据本发明第二方面的实施例的接合地板块。
图5b示出具有根据第二方面的密封装置的根据第一方面的地板块的实施例。
具体实施方式
如图1b-4所示,本发明的第一方面涉及具有弹性表面层的一组防潮地板块和地板,该弹性表面层具有装饰凹槽。
图1a示出现有技术中已知的并且在WO 03/012224内说明的具有装饰性接合部的地板块。地板块1包含沿水平面HP的方向延伸的正面2和背面3、木基核心5和位于正面的弹性表面层4。弹性表面层4包含具有不同功能的三个不同表面层。最上部的层是由塑料材料制成的透明的、硬质的、耐用的耐磨层16,中间层是由塑料膜制成的装饰层17,最底层是加强层18,该加强层18由弹性材料制成并且能够防潮和吸音。塑料膜制成的装饰层17可用装饰图案代替,该装饰图案被直接印制在透明耐磨层16的下侧或弹性加强层18的上侧。地板块具有机械锁定系统,以用于通过偏角调节和/或卡扣在地板块的长边和短边(12a、13a、12b、13b)处水平地和垂直地锁定地板块。
根据本发明的第一方面,如图1b-4c内所示,地板块1将在垂直面VP内延伸的接合平面处在相邻接合边缘与相似的地板块1’接合,该地板块1包含在水平面HP内延伸的正面2和背面3、核心5、至少设置在两个相对边缘处的用于沿垂直和/或水平方向连接该地板块与相似地板块1’的连接装置、以及弹性表面层4,其特征在于,该地板块1的至少一个边缘在该弹性表面层4内包含装饰凹槽6,并且该凹槽的底部7基本平行于正面2。如果地板块为矩形,则优选地仅其中一个长边具有装饰凹槽;当然,也可在其中一个长边和其中一个短边上设置凹槽7。地板块还可具有其它形状,例如3、5、6、7和8条边。弹性表面层优选地包含位于顶部的优选由塑料材料制成的透明耐磨层16,中间装饰层17和最接近核心5的弹性加强层18。优选地由塑料膜制成的装饰层17可用装饰图案代替,该装饰图案被直接印制在透明耐磨层16的下侧或弹性加强层18的上侧。可选择地,装饰层是胶合板或软木层。根据图1b所示的实施例,凹槽7仅位于透明层内,并且任选地,凹槽被上色。
优选地,该连接装置是至少在两个相对边缘12a、13a、12b、13b处形成的机械锁定系统。所示的机械锁定系统包含具有锁定元件9的锁条15、榫舌8和榫舌凹槽10。还可使用其它已知的地板块机械锁定系统,例如图4a-c内的榫舌锁,或PCT/SE2005/001586内所述的柔性榫舌。榫舌也可用设置在位移凹槽54内的可替换榫舌8’代替,如图5b到6c所示,其为PCT/SE2005/001586或PCT/SE2006/001218中所公开的类型。
弹性层内的层的数量、层的材料以及凹槽所延伸到的层存在多种可选方案。图1b-2d内示出一些可选方案。
图2a内所示的弹性表面层4包含透明表面层16、中间装饰层和最接近核心的加强层。凹槽6向下延伸到加强层并且优选地被上色。如果图1b-2d内所示的弹性层中的一个层用非防水材料或易潮材料制成,则优选地,该凹槽不延伸到该层内。
图2b内所示的弹性表面层4基本上包含透明表面层16和最接近核心的加强层18。凹槽6向下延伸到该加强层,该加强层优选地由塑料制成并且优选地被上色。
图2c内所示的弹性表面层4基本上包含透明表面层16和最接近核心的加强层18。凹槽6仅存在于该透明层内,并且优选地被上色。该加强层优选地用有色塑料或软木层制成。
图2d内的弹性表面层4基本上仅包含一个层。该凹槽优选地被上色。
在图4b内示出本发明的一个实施例,包含矩形地板块1,该地板块1在长边13a、13b和短边12a、12b处具有机械锁定系统,并且仅沿其中一个长边和仅沿其中一个短边具有装饰凹槽6。在弹性表面层内在短边之间设有附加的凹槽41。图4a是与相似地板块1’和1”接合的图6b内的地板块垂直于长边的横截面。图4c是与相似地板块1’和1”接合的图4b内的地板块垂直于短边的横截面。
木基核心材料优选地是刨花板、MDF、HDF或胶合板。
可用在弹性表面层内的材料的非限制性示例是基于丙烯酸塑料的材料、人造橡胶或合成橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、硅橡胶或类似物、基于聚氨基甲酸酯的热熔粘合剂、PVC或聚乙烯。
装饰凹槽通过化学或机械加工、优选地通过切削或磨削制成。还可给凹槽上色。如果使用磨削,则可制成非常浅的凹槽,或者甚至仅改变表面的粗糙度和亮度。磨削方法还可应用于具有树脂浸渍板材制成的表面层的层压地板。另一种技术是切除弹性表面层的一部分,或在该弹性表面层连接到核心之前将其切削成希望的形状,以及用具有不同颜色或结构的另一弹性层替换该弹性表面层。
图5a-6c所示的本发明的第二方面是一组基本相同的防潮地板块1,每个地板块1在边缘包含密封装置。每个地板块包含在水平面HP内延伸的正面2和背面3、核心5、至少设置在两个相对边缘的用于沿垂直和/或水平方向连接地板块与另一地板块1’的连接装置8、9、10、11、15、8’、54、以及弹性表面层4。防潮地板块在边缘处在弹性层4内具有密封装置51,该密封装置51构造成与另一相邻地板块的边缘处的弹性层内的另一密封装置52协作以获得密封。
该密封装置可包含水平延伸突出部,其它密封装置可包含如图5a所示的侧向开口凹槽。在最优选的实施例中,一个或两个该密封装置具有密封剂53。
在图6a所示的另一个实施例中,密封装置51、52均包含侧向开口凹槽,该侧向开口凹槽具有密封剂53。
在图5c内示出密封装置的一个实施例,该密封装置包含重叠边缘,该重叠边缘优选地具有钩形连接部51、52。还可包含密封剂53。
密封剂可包括蜡、润滑脂、油或沥青。优选的密封剂包括石蜡和石蜡油的混合物。另一个示例是微晶石蜡和天然或合成胶条。
在图6b内示出密封装置的一个实施例,包括设置在弹性层4内的侧向开口凹槽51处的可膨胀密封剂53’。该密封剂构造成在两个镶板通过连接装置相互连接之后,膨胀进入相邻地板镶板的弹性层内的侧向开口凹槽52中,如图6c所示。可膨胀密封剂53’的一个示例是优选地由聚氨基甲酸酯制成的条带,该条带具有就在两个相邻地板块连接之前被取下的捆带(tape)。其它示例是当暴露在潮气中时产生膨胀的材料。
如图5b所示,包含装饰凹槽7的本发明的第一方面可与包含密封装置51、52的第二方面组合。
图3和4所示的本发明的第二目标是一种包含一组根据第一和/或第二方面的地板块1、1’的地板,该地板块沿相邻边缘优选地机械接合。
在最优选的实施例中,两个接合的相邻边缘中只有一个边缘12a、13a、12b、13b具有装饰凹槽。
上文主要参照几个实施例说明了本发明。但是,本领域技术人员容易理解,在所附专利权利要求限定的本发明的范围内,同样可以使用不同于上文公开的实施例的其它实施例。
通常,除非文中明确限定,否则权利要求中使用的所有术语应根据它们在技术领域内的一般含义来理解。
Claims (35)
1.一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),每个防潮地板块(1)包含在水平面(HP)内延伸的正面(2)和背面(3)、核心(5)、至少设置在两个相对边缘处的用于沿垂直和/或水平方向连接地板块与另一地板块(1’)的连接装置、和弹性表面层(4),其特征在于,每个地板块(1)的至少一个边缘包含在该弹性表面层(4)内的装饰凹槽(6),该装饰凹槽(6)的底部(7)基本平行于正面(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述具有装饰凹槽的边缘在所述弹性层(4)内具有密封装置,该密封装置构造成与另一相邻地板块的边缘处的位于弹性层内的另一密封装置协作以获得密封。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,其中一个所述密封装置是水平延伸突出部,另一密封装置是侧向开口凹槽。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述密封装置中的一个或两个具有密封剂。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,两个所述密封装置均为具有密封剂的侧向开口凹槽。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述密封剂包括石蜡和/或石蜡油。
7.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述装饰凹槽(6)的宽度(W)大于所述弹性表面层的厚度。
8.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述装饰凹槽(6)的宽度(W)至少是所述弹性表面层的厚度(T)的两倍。
9.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述地板块(1)仅在两个相对边缘之一处具有装饰凹槽。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述地板块(1)是四边形,并且仅在一个边缘(12a,13a,12b,13b)处具有装饰性接合部(2)。
11.根据权利要求9所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述地板块是四边形,并且仅在两个相邻边缘(12a,13a,12b,13b)处具有装饰性接合部(2)。
12.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述地板块(1)包含木基材料制成的核心(35)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其特征在于,所述核心包含以下材料之一:HDF、MDF、刨花板或胶合板。
14.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述连接装置是机械锁定系统。
15.根据权利要求14所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述机械锁定系统在所述地板块的边缘内形成。
16.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述弹性表面层包含塑料材料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述塑料是PVC或聚乙烯。
18.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述弹性表面层(16)包含由防潮材料例如塑料或橡胶制成的透明耐磨层。
19.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述弹性表面层包含装饰层(17)。
20.根据权利要求19所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述装饰层(17)是塑料膜、胶合板、软木层或印花。
21.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述弹性表面层(16)包含最接近地板块的核心(5)的加强层(18)。
22.根据权利要求18-21中任一项所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述装饰凹槽的底部(7)位于所述透明耐磨层(16)内。
23.根据权利要求19-21中任一项所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述装饰凹槽的底部(7)位于所述装饰层(17)内。
24.根据权利要求21所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述装饰凹槽的底部(7)位于所述加强层(18)内。
25.根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述弹性表面层基本上仅包含由防潮材料例如塑料或橡胶制成的一个层。
26.根据前面任一项权利要求所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述装饰凹槽(6)位于包含连接装置的地板块的边缘。
27.一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),每个防潮地板块(1)包含在水平面(HP)内延伸的正面(2)和背面(3)、核心(5)、至少设置在两个相对边缘处的用于沿垂直和/或水平方向连接地板块与另一地板块(1’)的连接装置、和弹性表面层(4),其特征在于,防潮地板块在边缘处并在弹性层(4)内具有密封装置,该密封装置构造成与另一相邻地板块的边缘处的位于弹性层内的另一密封装置协作以获得密封。
28.根据权利要求27所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,其中一个所述密封装置是水平延伸突出部,另一密封装置是侧向开口凹槽。
29.根据权利要求27或28所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述密封装置中的一个或两个具有密封剂。
30.根据权利要求27所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,第一和第二密封装置均为具有密封剂的侧向开口凹槽。
31.根据权利要求29或30所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述密封剂包括石蜡和/或石蜡油。
32.根据权利要求29或30所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述密封剂能够膨胀。
33.根据权利要求32所述的一组基本相同的防潮地板块(1),其特征在于,所述密封剂能够在与水接触时膨胀。
34.一种防潮地板,该防潮地板包含根据权利要求1-33中任一项的一组地板块。
35.根据权利要求34所述的地板,其特征在于,至少两个地板块在相邻边缘处机械地接合。
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