CN101394812A - 用于脊柱关节成形术的修复器件 - Google Patents

用于脊柱关节成形术的修复器件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101394812A
CN101394812A CNA2007800067052A CN200780006705A CN101394812A CN 101394812 A CN101394812 A CN 101394812A CN A2007800067052 A CNA2007800067052 A CN A2007800067052A CN 200780006705 A CN200780006705 A CN 200780006705A CN 101394812 A CN101394812 A CN 101394812A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
joint
prosthetic device
enlarged elements
joint component
enlarged
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Pending
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CNA2007800067052A
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English (en)
Inventor
L·G·艾尔瑟曼
S·M·威特
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Publication of CN101394812A publication Critical patent/CN101394812A/zh
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Abstract

用于插入到椎骨间空间——由邻近的椎骨限定的修复器件,包括:第一关节元件和第二关节元件,其被设置为共同作用,以允许关节运动。可扩大元件可以被连接到第一关节元件上,并且可以被设置为在椎骨间空间内支撑和定位第一关节元件。

Description

用于脊柱关节成形术的修复器件
发明背景
椎间盘关节成形术(Disc arthroplasty)是治疗受伤的、退化的或者患病的脊柱关节的一种方法。一些椎间盘关节成形术治疗包括用保持活动性的脊椎间盘取代受伤的关节椎间盘,这能允许脊柱关节咬合或活动。虽然插入的椎间盘可以给患者提供关节咬合,但是插入脊柱椎间盘可能是侵入型的和精工细作的过程。例如,传统的脊柱椎间盘相当的大,因此,可以典型地通过前路过程安装,因为前路过程经常需要移动血管,例如大动脉和腔静脉,它们必须非常小心地操作。更进一步,因为疤痕组织可以在手术的位置周围生长,任何需要第二次的治疗可能更困难,而且可以对患者带来额外的痛苦。
所需要的是修复器件,用于插入椎骨空间之间,其可以比传统的椎间盘具有更小的几何形状,给医师提供手术选择。本公开克服了在先前领域中的一个或多个问题。
发明概述
在一个示例性的方面,本公开是关于修复器件,其用于插入到通过邻近椎骨所限定的椎骨间空间。一方面,修复器件包括可扩大的支撑件。例如,修复器件可以包括第一关节元件,其具有第一关节表面和第一连接表面。它还可以包括第二关节元件,其具有第二关节表面和第二连接表面。该第二关节表面可以被配置为与第一关节表面共同操作,以允许关节型活动。连接机构可以被设置,选择性地将第一关节元件相对于第二关节元件进行系着。可扩大元件可以被连接到第一关节元件,并且可以被设置成在椎骨间空间内支撑和定位第一关节元件。
在另一个示例性地方面,本公开是关于将修复器件插入到椎骨间空间的方法,椎骨间空间由邻近的椎骨所限定。该方法可以包括:用第一工具在椎骨间空间内放置第一关节元件,第一关节元件具有第一关节表面和第一连接表面。第二关节元件具有第二关节表面和第二连接表面,其也可以用第二工具放置在椎骨间空间内。可扩大元件连接到第一关节元件以支撑和定位第一关节元件,其可以是被扩展的,以致第一关节表面和第二关节表面共同作用,以允许关节式运动。
简图描述
图1是椎骨柱的部分的侧面图的绘图显示。
图2是限定椎骨间空间的一对邻近椎骨体的侧面图的绘图显示。
图3是放置在邻近椎骨体之间的椎骨间修复器件的绘图显示。
图4是图3的椎骨间修复器件的关节元件的部分横截面视图的绘图显示。
图5是在较低椎骨体上的图3的椎骨间修复器件的部分俯视图的绘图显示。
图6A和6B是放置在邻近椎骨体之间的椎骨间修复器件的绘图显示。
图7是图6的椎骨间修复器件的部分俯视图的绘图显示。
图8到图10是用于扩展椎骨间修复器件的系统的绘图显示。
图11到图15是椎骨间修复器件的示例性实施方式的绘图显示
图16和图17是用于放置椎骨间修复器件的系统的绘图展示。
图18是通过连接器材连接起来的关节元件的绘图显示。
图19、20A、20B和21是用于移植椎骨间修复器件的工具的绘图显示。
详细描述
本发明一般涉及椎骨重建器件,以及,更具体地说,涉及用于移植的关节间盘器件。为了促进理解本发明的原理,现在将参考在附图中说明的实施方式或者实例,特定的语言将被用于说明同一事物。然而,可以理解的是,发明的范围不因此意欲受到限制。所述的实施方式的任何变化和进一步的改良,和此处所述的发明原理的进一步应用,正如对本发明所有关的技术领域的普通技术人员而言那样,是可以想到的。
图1显示了脊柱10的一部分的侧视图,说明了:被天然的椎间盘D1、D2、D3隔开的,由相邻的上边和下边脊椎骨V1,V2,V3,V4构成的组。图解出四个脊椎骨仅仅意欲作为一个例子。另一个实施例是骶骨和一个椎骨。
为了说明另一实施例,椎骨中的两个将在图2讨论。该两个椎骨形成了脊柱运动节段12,其包括下边的椎骨VL和上边的椎骨VU。一些类型的椎间盘关节成形术需要:已经位于两个椎骨VL、VU之间的一些或所有的天然椎间盘,通过椎间盘切除术或相似的外科过程被去除。受伤的或退化的椎间盘的去除,产生了在上边和下边VU、VL之间的椎骨间空间S的形成。尽管图2的示例大体上描述了椎骨关节12为腰椎关节,但是可以理解为本公开的器件、系统和方法还可以被应用于脊椎骨的所有区域,包括颈椎和胸椎。而且,该器件、系统和方法可以被用于脊柱的其它区域,例如小关节。在本公开中,术语椎骨间椎间盘空间的使用还可以包括小关节。
传统的修复器件具有固定的几何形状。因此,在椎骨间空间S中插入传统器件需要足够的空间以插入修复器件,以及有足够的空间位置来操作它。因此,需要相对大的开口和侵入式程序以用于插入传统的修复椎间盘。但是,本文公开的关节器件可以需要更小的开口和更少的侵入程序,因为修复器件的几何形状在移植之前没有完全地固定。代替的是,关节器件至少并入一个可扩展元件,例如,大袋或袋子,可以以小的、紧缩的状态被导入到椎骨间空间S内。一旦被放入,袋子可以在原位扩展以形成关节器件。因为直到修复器件被放置到椎骨空间S内,几何形状才固定,所以修复器件可以具有比传统盘更小的轮廓形状。更进一步,因为修复器件的形状没有固定,如果在插入期间有需要,修复器件的形状可以被操作。更小的、有延展性的形状可以允许手术医师使用更少侵入安装技术来安装修复器件。例如,取代于需要前路安装椎间盘,医师可以选择通过替代方向,例如从后路、前斜路或侧面的方式,将椎间盘安装到脊柱。这可以给医师在安装上更多的选择,并且可以允许医师进行更少侵入和更少痛苦的程序。
更进一步,因为本文公开的关节器件可以允许外科医生在椎间盘空间内操作关节耦合器件的定位。例如,外科医生可以被允许确定关节耦合的位置,甚至在准备和放置器件之后。因此,外科医生可以更容易地在理想的旋转中心用关节耦合放置器件,因为关节表面没有被连接到刚性终板上。
图3显示了放置在椎骨间椎间盘空间S内的修复器件100的一个代表性实施方式。在图3中,上边和下边的椎骨VU、VL被显示隔开一个夸大的量,以更详细地显示修复器件100的组件。修复器件100包括顶部102和底部104。顶部102可以包括顶部关节元件106和顶部可扩大元件108。相似地,底部104可以包括底部关节元件110和底部可扩大元件112。
图4显示了独立于可扩展元件108、112的关节元件106、110的部分截面视图。顶部和底部关节元件106、110可以被设置成共同一齐操作,以对修复器件100提供关节运动,并且允许相对于下边椎骨VL的上边VU的关节运动。图3和4显示上边和下边的VL、VU以及修复器件100是隔开的。尽管没有在图3和4中显示,顶部关节元件106意欲与底部关节元件110共同作用,以形成咬合关节。在一个代表性的实施方式中,顶部关节元件106包括球形的凹进处,以形成窝,而底部关节元件110包括凸起承载表面,以形成球,一同形成球和窝的关节。
顶部和底部关节元件106、110可以是通过,例如由成形或模制过程制备的可执行元件,且可以由任意硬性材料形成,以允许在相应的元件之间咬合。在一个代表性的实施方式中,顶部和底部关节元件106、110由生物相容金属形成,例如,不锈钢、钴铬或钛,以及其它。在另一个实施方式中,顶部和底部关节元件106、110可以由生物相容陶瓷材料或聚合物材料形成,例如聚乙烯和碳纤维加强PEEK,其可以选择性地与金属或陶瓷组合。还可以使用其它适合的材料。
参考图4的横截面视图,每个关节元件106、110包括关节表面,分别为114、118,和连接表面分别为116、120。关节表面114、118可以共同作用以提供关节运动。在一个代表性的实施方式中,关节表面114、118可以是圆滑的或打磨过的,以引起低摩擦关节运动。关节元件106、110的连接表面116、120可以被设置成啮合,并分别连接于顶部可扩大元件108和底部可扩大元件112。
如图3和5中所示,顶部可扩大元件和底部可扩大元件可以分别连接于顶部和底部关节元件106,110。这种连接可以以任何适合的方式进行。在一个代表性的实施方式中,使用粘合剂,关节元件106,110分别粘附于可扩展元件108,112。在另一个代表性的实施方式中,使用机织的方法,关节元件106、110分别附于可扩展元件108、112上,其中缝合线连接关节元件106、110和可扩展元件108、112。在又一个代表性的实施方式中,使用大头钉或销系统,关节元件106、110可以分别固着于可扩展元件108、112。在这个代表性的实施方式中,大头钉(未显示)可以固定到关节元件上或在关节元件上形成。大头钉随后可以延伸穿过可扩展元件且可以固着在可扩展元件内,以使关节元件和可扩展元件连接。还可以使用其它的方法。
顶部和底部可扩展元件108、112可以由生物相容袋子组成,袋子能够用填充材料填充。在一个代表性的实施方式中,顶部和底部可扩展元件108、112可以用如美国专利第6,827,743中所描述的机织材料所组成,在此引用它的全部以作参考。当在未扩展的状态下时,可扩展元件108、112可以是顺应性的和有延展性的,以允许变形和操作。因此,它们可以是卷起的或被折叠,以占据相对小的体积。因为此,实质上,使用任意外科技术,包括前路的、经腹膜的/腹膜后的、后路的、经-侧面的、经-骶骨的、前-侧面的、经神经根孔,或其它,修复器件100可以被介入到图2的空间S中。在一个代表性的实施方式中,因为在插入期间,可扩展元件108、112没有固定几何形状,它们可以卷起或折叠,并适合穿过小的套管安装,以提供从后面方式到达到椎骨空间S。因此,修复器件100可以通过比使用传统的固定几何形状的修复椎间盘更少侵入性的外科方法被安装。
在插入之前,医师可以使用试验以决定椎骨间空间的适合高度。一旦决定了,设置为取得希望高度的修复器件100可以被选择,用于在椎骨间空间放置。因此,在一些实施方式中,许多不同尺寸的膨胀元件可以提供,以用于进行适合安装的选择。在一些实施方式中,扩展可扩展元件108、112可以转移椎骨。而且,在一些这些实施方式中,可扩展元件可以仅仅在直到椎骨被转移希望的量时,再被填充。在一些实施方式中,顶部和底部部分102、104可以同时地被放置在上边和下边椎骨VU、VL之间,而在其它实施方式中,顶部和底部部分102、104在分别的时间被放置。当被放置在一起时,顶部和底部部分102,104可以在放置过程期间被保持在一起,以限定任何相对的运动。移植工具(未显示)可以为这个目的被使用。在一些实施方式中,可以再吸收的环可以放置在顶部和底部部分102、104之间,以定位相互之间的位置。
一旦修复器件100,包括顶部部分102和底部部分104,被放置在临近的椎骨之间,顶部和底部可扩大元件108,112可以被扩展,以给关节元件106,110提供支撑。顶部和底部可扩大元件108,112可以被设计成具体的形状和高度。例如,可扩大元件108,112可以是非弹性的,因此,一旦取得设计的形状,则该形状保持下去。另外,可扩大元件可以设计成仅仅扩展到一定高度。在另外实施方式中,可扩大元件可以是弹性的,以允许袋子在扩展期间伸展。
在一方面,填充材料,例如,生物相容接合剂,可以被注入,以使可扩大元件108,112扩展到它们的预先建立的尺寸和几何形状。在另一个实施例,可扩大元件108,112至少部分地用粒状材料填充,粒状材料可以提供一定水平的硬度。粒状材料可以包括,例如,珠、颗粒、骨泥、骨灰、其它。
图6A、6B、和7显示修复器件100在可扩展状态下的一个代表性的实施方式。当扩展时,可扩大元件108、112在一定的位置绑住相对的关节元件106、110,该位置为允许上边和下边椎骨VU、VL之间关节运动的位置。如在图3那样,图6A示出放大的椎骨间距,以提供对于顶部和底部部分102,104的清晰性。但是,图6B更加传统地显示与关节元件106、110分离的椎骨,关节元件106、110啮合用于提供关节活动。在显示的代表性的实施方式中,顶部和底部关节元件106、108形成球窝关节。但是,关节元件还可以形成球形和槽形,豌豆和碟,或其它咬合关节。球窝关节,球形和槽形,豌豆和碟,或其它咬合关节,都允许绕着任意轴的关节活动,以提供给患者更大的自由程度。在另一个代表性的实施方式(未显示)中,顶部和底部关节元件106、110通过使用钉住的关节被绑住,其形成铰链,从而以允许仅仅绕着单一轴的关节式运动。其它类型的关节还可以对椎骨提供咬合动作。
可扩展元件108、112可以用填充的材料扩展,填充材料最初至少部分是易流动的,但是可以变硬或被压缩以形成完全刚性的和硬的成分。在一些代表性的实施方式中,填充材料给关节元件106、110提供支撑并且将可扩大元件108、112固定为具体的方向和几何形状。
图8到10显示用于填充可扩大元件108、112的代表性系统。图8显示在收缩状态下的可扩大元件108、112。因此,尽管修复器件100被放置在上边和下边VU、VL之间,但是上边和下边椎骨可以如显示般被压缩在一起。因此,当可扩大元件108、112在未扩展状态下时,修复椎间盘100,以及椎间盘空间S,可以具有由h1代表的高度。而且,在下面,参考图9,高度h1将与修复椎间盘100和椎骨间椎间盘空间的高度h2相比较,其中可扩大元件108、112是在扩展的状态下。在图8所显示的实施例中,具有把手132的注射器130可以被用于将填充物注射到扩展元件108、112中。填充材料在注射期间可以是部分液态,且可以被设置成固化或变硬,以形成用于关节元件106、110的基础。
在图9中,物质注射器134可以与扩展元件108、112使用,以用于填充材料的简单插入。物质注射器134在图9中被显示,且被描述成仅仅与扩展元件112连接,但是相似的注射器还可以连接并被用作填充扩展元件108。物质注射器134可以被操作,且可以被连接到扩展元件112且从扩展元件112延伸出来。因此,当可扩大元件108、112被放置在椎骨间空间S内时,物质注射器134可以给医师提供简单的入口,医师通过物质注射器134将填充材料注入到一个或两个可扩大元件108、112中。
在一个代表性的实施方式中,物质注射器134自身与扩大元件112构成整体,而在另一代表性的实施方式中,由连接到扩大元件112的材料形成物质注射器134。在又一代表性的实施方式中,在可扩大元件112已经位于椎骨间空间S之后,物质注射器134可以插入到可扩大元件112中。一旦可扩大元件112被充满,物质注射器134可能以不影响器件100或脊柱咬合的方式,被移除或去除。在一些代表性的实施方式中,包括当物质注射器134从可扩大元件112中移出时,物质注射器134可以被设置成从可扩大元件112急速抽出并移出。可代替地,物质注射器134可以被拧断、切断、或其它方式移出。在一个代表性的实施方式中,物质注射器134与可扩大元件112连接,并与可扩大元件112留在外科手术位置。可扩大元件108可以被设置成与可扩大元件112相似。
图9显示了在扩大状态下的可扩大元件108、112。因此,修复椎间盘100和椎骨间空间具有第二高度h2。图9的第二高度比图8的第一高度h1更高,因为图9中的已经扩大的元件108、112包括填充材料。同样地,第一高度h1可以相对地比第二高度h2更小,因为可扩大元件108、112没有材料。在一些实施方式中,在天然的盘状组织被移除之后,与脊柱连接的肌肉和韧带可以在上边和下边椎骨VU、VL之间压缩椎间盘空间,一旦修复椎间盘100被放置在椎间盘空间之内,填充可扩大元件108、112的过程可以部分地或全部地将上边和下边椎骨VU、VL转移到希望的高度。因此,填充过程可以将上边和下边椎骨VU、VL从第一高度转移到第二高度。
图10显示了邻近关节元件110所放置的物质注射器134的代表性实施方式。在图10中仅仅显示底部部分104被填充。但是,可以理解的是:代表性的系统同样用于顶部部分102。在这个代表性的实施方式中,物质注射器134可以被连接到或移动地被连接到关节元件110。因此,在将填充材料注入可扩大元件112之前或之中,医师可以使用物质注射器134作为工具以操作关节元件110的位置。因此,医师可以能够定位关节元件110在椎骨空间S内的合适位置。用于将关节元件110放置或移动到它所被期望的位置的其它方法和系统,也可以使用。
被注入到可扩大元件108、112的填充材料可以是以下的任何物质,其能够被注入,但是对关节元件106、110很难提供足够的支撑并且很难对椎骨自己提供支撑。在一些代表性的实施方式中,填充材料可以是可硬化的材料,例如,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)接合剂或磷酸钙接合剂。填充材料还可以是可注射的弹性的或聚合的材料。填充材料可以是未强化的,或者,采用例如碳或玻璃纤维或一些其它加固结构来强化。如果被注射的材料是弹性的或聚合材料,该材料可以对器件100以及椎骨,提供缓冲和另外的减震作用。
在一些代表性的实施方式中,射线标记物可以被引入到填充材料中,并且标记物可以与填充材料同时被注入到可扩大元件108、112中。例如,射线珠子或线可以被介入到填充材料中。这可以通过使器件在被暴露给无线电波例如,X射线时可见,简化修复器件100的后续检查。在一个代表性的实施方式中,介入到可扩大元件108、112的填充材料可以包括辐射透不过的材料,例如包括硫酸钡的接合剂。在另一个代表性的实施方式中,填充材料包括用作辐射透不过标记物的金属纤维。在又一个代表性的实施方式中,可扩大元件108、112它们自己可以由辐射透不过的金属形成和/或可以包括辐射透不过的金属。例如,可扩大元件可以包括形成可扩大元件的表面之一部分的金属丝。因此,在外科手术之后,如果需要,修复器件100可以被观察和分析。
在一个代表性的实施方式中,在椎骨间空间S内放置顶部和底部部分102、104之后,外科工具(未显示)可以被应用,以使关节元件106、110相对于彼此在它们的适合的位置,同时,顶部和底部可扩大元件108、112被充满了填充材料。随后,一旦填充材料固化,外科工具可以被移除,以允许顶部和底部关节元件106、110之间的关节活动。
在一些代表性的实施方式中,关节元件106、110可以包括附加的硬性结构,例如,接头或固定点,其与外科工具共同操作。这些结构可以提供抓握能力,其能够使医师操作或排列关节元件106、110并且放置修复器件100全部的上边和下边部分102、104。
图16和17显示了植入修复器件100的一个实施例。如所示,器件100可以通过套管160被插入到椎间盘空间。连接器具,包括一个或多个器械,例如,第一器械162和第二器械164,可以分别连接到顶部部分102和连接到底部部分104。这可以允许顶部和底部部分102、104分开地穿过套管160,因此,套管可以具有最小的直径。当放置时,器械可以被操作,以引导顶部和底部部分的方向。在一个实施例中,为放置顶部和底部部分,器械彼此之间排列邻近对齐。在另一实施例中,顶部和底部部分102、104可以连接并使用单一器械或多于一个器械,例如器械162、164,被一同插入。器械162、164可以在附着位置连接——附着位置在可扩大的或关节元件上形成——,或可以紧抓住可扩大或关节元件。在一个实施例中,附着位置可以允许关节元件106、110吸住器械162、164。一旦被放置,器械162、164可以以一种方式彼此之间连接,该方式可以确保修复器件100的顶部102相对于底部部分104的位置。这可以通过啮合器械162、164,例如通过共同套入器械,或通过使它们共同吸住而完成。
在另一个实施例中,顶部和底部部分102、104被同时放入。
图18显示了连接器具166的一个代表性的实施方式,该连接器具被设置为将顶部和底部关节元件106、110相对于彼此之间进行固定。这个连接器具166可以是夹子、连接器或其它系统,该系统被设置为使顶部关节元件106相对于底部关节元件110而被握持,而可扩大元件108、112被填满并在椎间盘空间被操纵。该连接器具166可以是硬性的支撑物,以确定顶部和底部关节元件106、110的放置。一旦填充材料被完全充完,且如果需要,任何硬化已经开始,连接器具可以被移出,以允许顶部和底部关节元件106、110的关节活动。连接器具166可以被用作器械的代替物或与器械共同连接,以使顶部和底部部分102、104位于适合的位置。还可以使用:相对于底部部分用于稳定顶部部分的其它系统。
在一些实施例中,顶部和底部部分102、104被放置在位置中,直到在可扩大元件中的任何接合剂开始或完全硬化。在其它实施例中,仅仅当可扩大元件被充满时,顶部和底部部分102、104放置在位置中。一旦充满,顶部和底部部分可以在椎间盘空间被操纵,以到达希望的最终位置。
在另一个代表性的实施方式中,顶部和底部部分102、104可以被它们自己的上边和下边椎骨体保持在椎间盘空间中的位置中,例如可能在毁坏的椎间盘空间发生。因为可扩大元件108、112被充满,椎间盘空间的高度可以增加。一旦可扩大元件108、112被充分地充满,关节元件106、110被操作到它们的最终位置内。
除了连接关节元件106、110之外,可扩大元件108、112还连接上边和下边椎骨VU、VL的终板表面108、112。传统的修复椎间盘典型地引入平的顶部或底部表面,该表面并不总是平放或齐平于相应的上边或下边椎骨。但是,修复器件100,允许可扩大元件108、112在原位配合适应上边和下边椎骨VU、VL的任意表面不规则状况、突起或高点。因此,从椎骨转移到修复器件100的重量可以分配到椎骨的更大的面积上,因此,降低了健康问题的机会,例如再吸收级联反应、以及应力诱导和其它可以给患者带来伤痛的其它不规则。
图11到15公开了几种可扩大元件108、112的代表性的实施方式,可扩大元件108、112被设置成连接到上边和下边椎骨VU、VL。当仅仅上边可扩大元件108被显示时,下边可扩大元件112可以包括所描述的任意特征。优选地,下边可扩大元件112可以与上边可扩大元件108具有相同的特征。
如在图11中所示,可扩大元件108可以包括上边表面140,其具有在此内形成的孔141。有孔的上表面141可以促进骨内生,随着时间的推移,允许骨长成进入且允许可扩大元件108和修复椎间盘100保持在原位。在一个代表性的实施方式中,全部的可扩大元件108可以由提供如图11所显示的孔结构的材料组成。在另一个代表性的实施方式中,孔141可以通过处理可扩大元件108的上表面140而产生。例如,在一个实施方式中,孔材料可以被缝制到或缝合到可扩大元件108的顶部,或者在第二个实施方式中,喷射或喷涂可以被应用到可扩大元件108的顶部。
在一个代表性的实施方式中,有孔表面140可以是渗透的或半渗透的结构,其允许部分填充材料注入到可扩大元件108,并与可扩大元件108上的表面140有沟通,以支持与椎骨的连接。在一个这样的实施方式中,介入到可扩大元件108的填充材料是可硬化的粘合剂。因此,它可以通过可扩大元件108的上表面140渗透,将可扩大元件108固定于椎骨。可取代地,骨头和结缔组织可以通过膜生长、并且与填充材料相互作用。
图12显示了对椎骨安全的可扩大元件108的另一个实施方式。在图12中,凸出物142在可扩大元件108的上表面140上被创建。当可扩大元件108被填充材料充满时,这些凸出物142可以结合椎骨,而填充材料提供力量使凸出物142进入到椎骨中。凸出物142可以用与扩大元件108相同的材料、以可扩大元件108整体形成;或,可取代地,可以是使用粘合剂或接合剂,被固着到可扩大元件108上。在另一个代表性的实施方式中,142凸出物包括安全销,其可以穿透可扩大元件108的上表面,并且可以连接到可扩大元件108的内部,因此,确保了凸出物142在可扩大元件108上的适当位置处固着。在图12中,凸出物142被显示为长钉,其从可扩大元件108的表面140延伸出来。但是,凸出物142可以是任意形状,其具有:例如,尖的、锥形的、或平的上表面,其与可扩大元件108的上表面分离开,被设置为接合椎骨。
图13显示了代表性的可扩大元件108,其在它的上表面140上具有涂层144,它可以促进整合或骨头生长进入可扩大元件108。例如,骨-生长涂层可以是,例如,由磷酸钙形成的羟基磷灰石涂层;生物物质,例如成骨蛋白(BMP)或其它物质;或可以应用于可扩大元件108上表面140的其它材料。在图13中,顶部关节元件106是槽形,而不是球窝。如上面所解释,关节元件可以具有多种不同构造中的任意一种,以提供给椎骨关节的咬合运动。
图14显示将可扩大元件108连接到椎骨V的另外一种代表性的系统。在图14中,可扩大元件108包括在它的边周围的缝合线或隔膜146。通过使用缝合线或隔膜146,则桩148,例如,螺丝钉、长钉或凸出物,可以被用于立桩,将可扩大元件108对到椎骨VU上。可以通过隔膜146,在可扩大元件108的边界周围驱入桩148,并且进入到椎骨VU内,使可扩大元件108在正确位置固着到椎骨VU
图15显示了将可扩大元件108连接于椎骨VU的另一个代表性的系统。在图15中,在用填充材料填充可扩大元件108之前,大头钉或长钉150可以通过端口152介入到可扩大元件108的内部。端口152可以与物质注射器或其它套管相连。从可扩大元件108的内部,大头钉可以被驱动穿过可扩大元件108的上表面140,并进入到椎骨VU内。在一个代表性的实施方式中,大头钉被插入穿过端口152,进入到内部;随后旋转90度以确定尖端的方向,随后,驱入到椎骨VU内。大头钉150的头部154可以将可扩大元件108的上表面140对到椎骨VU上。一旦那些大头钉150被放置在正确位置,用填充材料填充可扩大元件108就可以在头部154上施加压力,驱使大头钉150更加进入到椎骨内并使可扩大元件108对着椎骨VU进行固着。图19、20A、20B、和21显示将大头钉150介入到可扩大元件108内,以将可扩大元件连接到椎骨的一个实施例,如图15所示。参考图19,插入工具70通过插入管72被引入到可扩大元件108内。如图19A和19B所示,插入工具70包括:远端174,被设置成连接到大头钉150上;和近端(未显示),被设置成通过外科医生而操纵。插入工具70可以被设置具有旋转机关176,例如,枢轴、柔性元件或挠性元件,其允许远端174可以朝椎骨终板旋转大头钉150。在显示的实施例中,远端被设置成旋转90度。图20A显示插入工具170和大头钉150通过插入管172被插到位置中,且图20B显示插入工具170和大头钉150旋转以允许大头钉150被驱动进入椎骨内。图21显示在可膨胀元件108内的受操作大头钉150和插入工具170。一旦被放置,关节元件可以仍然在椎间盘空间内被操纵,因此,它们被定位,以便提供理想的旋转中心。
因为它的便利特性,修复器件100的供应者可以以整套工具卖出该器件。试工具盒可以包括,例如,具有关节元件106、108和它的可扩大元件110、112的修复器件100。填充材料,如上面所述,也可以是工具盒的组成部分。还可以使用其它的组合。
本文所描述的修复器件100可以,在未扩大状态下,被放置在和安装在椎骨间空间S内。为了放置器件100,医师可以给损伤的或退化的椎间盘形成介入性的腔或入口。使用本领域熟知的方法,医师可以移出所有的或部分的椎间盘。随后,医师可以将修复器件100的顶部和底部部分102、104导入到椎间盘空间,或者一起,或者一次一个。
因为上边和下边部分102、104可以在未扩大的状态下被介入,上边和下边部分102、104可以比传统的修复椎间盘具有更小的轮廓和几何形状。因此,介入上边和下边部分102、104,可以不仅仅从前面的方向,还可以从其它的方向,例如后面或侧面的方向被进行。在一个代表性的实施方式中,上边和下边部分102、104的可扩大元件108、112被卷起以在介入其间形成小的轮廓形状。当上边和下边部分102、104被放置到相邻椎骨之间的椎骨空间S内时,可扩大元件108、112可以被调整且被放置,因此,连接的关节元件106、110被放置在合适的位置。调整可扩大元件108、112可以包括:卷开可扩大元件108、112,并通过操纵连接上的物质注射器134对齐关节元件106、110。在一旦关节元件被排列,填充材料可以被引导入可扩大元件108、112,将它们扩展到它们的预先建立的尺寸和形状。在一个代表性的实施方式,关节元件106、110可以通过工具被放置在位置,而填充材料被介入。在一些实施方式中,扩大可扩大元件108、112可以将椎骨转移一个希望的距离,以提供合适尺寸的椎间盘空间。而且,在一些实施方式中,扩展可扩大元件108、112可以驱使凸出物或长钉或其它连接系统与椎骨连接。在一些实施方式中,其中填充材料硬化并且已经取得希望的硬度水平,在一些实施方式中,物质注射器可以从可扩大元件中移出。
修复器件100的更小外形和可操作形状,可以允许该器件从许多不同的方向被插入。因此,外科手术过程可以是更少侵入性的和更不复杂的。这可以减少恢复的时间、且可以简化后续的外科治疗,如果它们是必须的。
尽管在上面仅仅详细地描述了很少的代表性的实施方式,但是在本领域中的技术人员将可以容易地意识到:在代表性的实施方式中的许多修改是可能的,而本质上不脱离本公开的新的提示和优点。因此,所有这样的修改和变动意图被包括在下面的权利要求中所限定的发明范围内。可以理解为所有空间的指代,例如“上边”和“下边”,仅仅是用于示例的目的,以及可以在本公开的范围内变化。

Claims (20)

1.用于插入到椎骨间空间—由相邻椎骨限定——的修复器件,包括:
第一关节元件,其具有第一关节表面和第一连接表面;
第二关节元件,其具有第二关节表面和第二连接表面,第二关节表面被设置为与第一关节表面共同作用,以允许关节运动;
连接机构,用于所述顶部和底部关节元件彼此之间的维系;和
可扩大元件,连接到第一关节元件并且被设置为在椎骨间空间内支撑和定位第一关节元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述连接机构硬性地连接第一关节元件和第二关节元件。
3.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述连接机构可以移除地连接第一关节元件和第二关节元件。
4.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,包括第二可扩大元件,其连接到第二关节元件、并且被设置为在椎骨间空间内支撑和定位第二关节元件。
5.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述可扩大元件被设置为至少部分被放置在第一关节元件的第一连接表面和相邻椎骨的至少一个之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述第一关节元件是突出体,且第二关节元件是凹进处。
7.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述可扩大元件是系到第一关节元件上的袋子。
8.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述可扩大元件由机织材料形成。
9.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,包括填充材料,其被设置为将被引入到可扩大元件内。
10.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述填充材料是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。
11.如权利要求9所述的修复器件,其中所述填充材料包括加强材料。
12.如权利要求9所述的修复器件,其中所述填充材料包括射线照相材料。
13.如权利要求12所述的修复器件,其中所述射线照相材料包括珠子或线中的至少一种。
14.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述第一和第二关节元件是陶瓷的。
15.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中所述可扩大元件包括:
围绕周边延伸的皱边;以及
桩,其构造成将皱边连接于至少一个椎骨。
16.如权利要求1所述的修复器件,其中包括大头钉,其构造成延伸穿过所述可扩大元件的至少一部分,并将可扩大元件连接于至少一个椎骨。
17.用于插入到椎骨间空间——由相邻椎骨限定——的修复器件,包括:
第一关节元件,其具有第一关节表面和第一连接表面;
第二关节元件,其具有第二关节表面和第二连接表面,第二关节表面被设置为与第一关节表面共同作用,以允许关节运动;
可扩大元件,其被连接到第一关节元件并被设置为在椎骨间空间内支撑和定位第一关节元件;
物质注射器,其与第一和第二关节元件的至少之一有关联,且被设置为将填充材料填充到可扩大元件,以扩大可扩大元件。
18.如权利要求20所述的修复器件,其中所述物质喷射器与可扩大元件是整体的。
19.如权利要求20所述的修复器件,其中所述物质注射器是可以移除地系到可扩大元件上。
20.用于减轻背痛的系统,包括:
用于插入到椎骨间空间——由邻近的椎骨限定——的修复器件,包含:
第一关节元件,其具有第一关节表面和第一连接表面;
第二关节元件,其具有第二关节表面和第二连接表面,第二关节表面被设置为与第一关节表面共同作用,以允许关节运动;
可扩大元件,其连接到第一关节元件并被设置为在椎骨间空间内支撑和定位第一关节元件;以及,连接机构,其被设置为选择性地使第一关节元件相对于第二关节元件进行系着。
CNA2007800067052A 2006-02-27 2007-02-19 用于脊柱关节成形术的修复器件 Pending CN101394812A (zh)

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JP2009528142A (ja) 2009-08-06
WO2007100996A2 (en) 2007-09-07
EP1991174A2 (en) 2008-11-19
WO2007100996A3 (en) 2008-01-03
KR20080098674A (ko) 2008-11-11
AU2007220895A1 (en) 2007-09-07
US7918889B2 (en) 2011-04-05
US20070203579A1 (en) 2007-08-30

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