CN1013506B - 用来将一形状记忆材料件置入一空腔内的方法 - Google Patents

用来将一形状记忆材料件置入一空腔内的方法

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CN1013506B
CN1013506B CN89106667A CN89106667A CN1013506B CN 1013506 B CN1013506 B CN 1013506B CN 89106667 A CN89106667 A CN 89106667A CN 89106667 A CN89106667 A CN 89106667A CN 1013506 B CN1013506 B CN 1013506B
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memory material
shape
cavity
telecontrol equipment
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CN1040859A (zh
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吉克布·吉恩·皮尔格罗姆
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P11/00Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
    • B23P11/02Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
    • B23P11/025Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs, or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/10Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
    • E21B33/138Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/162Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
    • F16L55/163Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a ring, a band or a sleeve being pressed against the inner surface of the pipe
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718Repairing
    • Y10T29/49732Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718Repairing
    • Y10T29/49748Repairing by shaping, e.g., bending, extruding, turning, etc.
    • Y10T29/4975Repairing by shaping, e.g., bending, extruding, turning, etc. including heating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49865Assembling or joining with prestressing of part by temperature differential [e.g., shrink fit]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/4994Radially expanding internal tube

Abstract

由一运动装置将一种形状记忆材料件带至空腔内该记忆材料件欲达的位置,同时此记忆材料件变形至缩紧形式,在此使记忆材料件加热到它的相转变温度之上,而得以导致该材料件返回至其适用于该空腔内的原始形状。

Description

本发明涉及一种将形状记忆材料件置入空腔内的方法。
西德专利说明书3544128号已指出过,利用形状记忆材料的套筒来提供一种管道连接件,此连接件在安装之前保持在低温下时予以拉伸,随即在安装上后使之加热到记忆材料的相转变温度之上,引致此套筒环绕待连接之管道端部收缩。
但在许多情况下,上述管道的外部可能是难以接近的,例如,当此管道构成从油井开采烃类物质所用地表下管列的一部分时便是如此。除此,有可能需将形状记忆材料件安装到无外壳的钻孔或其它环绕地洞构造而形成的空腔内。然后须将此形状记忆材料件在空腔内移过相当一段距离,最后使之安置在空腔内的所述位置上。
这样,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种方法,将一形状记忆材料件置入空腔内,同时避免它在运进空腔的过程中发生缠绕。
本发明的这一方法包括:
使此形状记忆材料件成为适合用于空腔内的展开形式,同时让此材料件处在高于该材料本身的相变换温度之上;
将此形状记忆材料件冷却至该相变换温度之下;
使此形状记忆材料件变形至紧缩形状,得以自由地通过空腔运动并能附着在一运动装置上;
使附着有此形状记忆材料件的上述装置通过空腔,同时保持此材料件的温度在该相转变温度之下;
驱使上述运动装置移至拟放置此形状记忆材料的位置;
将此材料件加热到该相转变温度之上,同时让此形状记忆材料返回至其展开形式;
从空腔内撤出运动装置。
在本说明书及权利要求书中,应将“空腔”一词理解为任何这样的受限空间,它只能通过一狭窄的或细长的入口接近,例如用来输送流体的细长管道列或管子,钻入地表面下结构内用来生产烃类物质的有外壳或无外壳的钻孔等。所说空腔可以是这些管道列或钻孔本身的一部分,在此种情况下,空腔实际上呈管状形式并与空腔进口具同一宽度。
最好是使此记忆材料件包括一由记忆金属或合金构成的板件,此板件在输入空腔之前变形,通过卷轴、弯曲或折叠方式使之紧缩,致使此已变形板件的外部宽度小于空腔和空腔进口的内部宽度。
本发明的方法最好包括以下步骤:
使包括一板状的形状记忆材料的构件在其温度高于此材料的相变换温度时,预成形为大致的管状形式,使得此构件安装就位后,常能贴靠住空腔的内壁展开;
在将上述构件的温度保持到该相变换温度以下时,把它围绕一运动装置的一部分卷曲,同时让此装置移动到空腔之内;
加热此构件到所说变换温度之上,导致它在其欲达位置处贴靠空腔内壁展开;然后
使此运动装置与已展开的这一构件分离。
在本发明的另一实施例中,则是将一形状记忆材料的管状件冷却到其相转变温度之下时,围绕运动装置卷曲成瓦楞形,得以在此已变 形的形状记忆材料件与空腔进口之间,当前者输入到后者内的过程中,形成有足够的间隙。在记忆材料件安装到空腔内的位置处,把它加热到相转变温度之上,使得此材料件再次从卷曲状态舒张开向返回至其原始管状形式。
在本说明书及权利要求书中,述及的记忆材料定义为在某一变换温度下变形的材料。这类记忆材料已描述在下述美国专利号中:3012882,3174581,3351463,3567523,3753700,3783037,4036669与4146392。
上列专利所述的记忆材料中,多数是记忆金属或合金,它们在转变温度下从马氏体相变至奥氏体或反之。正如上述专利中所说,对于某些组成的记忆材料来说,此种转变温度是由一定的温度范围构成,在此范围内,这类记忆材料由于缓慢的相变而渐变其形状。一般,此种记忆材料件是在其为奥氏体时进行预成形,然后冷却至其处于向马氏体变换的过程,继之在其保持为马氏体的状态下变形。当此记忆材料件加热至其转变温度之上时,它便会返回到原来预成形的构型。
应知此种记忆材料件可以含纯记忆金属或合金之外的其它材料。例如,此种记忆材料件可以由一种复合材料构成或是由一种记忆金属与其它材料的交迭层组成的叠层件。
现在将参考附图对本发明作详细解释,在附图中,
图1示明在一空腔内载有呈卷轴式结构之形状记忆材料的运动装置;
图2是图1所示装置沿Ⅱ-Ⅱ线的剖面图,
图3是载有形状记忆材料折叠式构件的运动装置的剖面图。
现来参考图1,其中所示的运动装置1载有一形状记忆材料的卷 轴式构件2。
运动装置1包括一圆柱状的中部3和两个端部4与5,围绕后者分别安装上保护用的稳定器6与7。运动装置1是由一金属线8下悬至钻孔或管道列之类的管状空腔10之内。另一种情形下,此运动装置可以为一管道列所携载或构成此管道列的一部分,这样的管道列如是钻孔管筒列或是小尺寸的连续式管子。
稳定器6与7保护此种形状记忆材料构件,在运动装置下降到构件2的安装位置过程;不会触及空腔壁。在此下降过程中,构件2卷绕住运动装置1的柱形状中部3,并能为亦由形状记忆材料制成的夹子12保持就位。
下面说明,在将此运动装置1降落到钻孔9之前,把形状记忆材料构件2绕此运动装置固定好的步骤;以及当装置1已到达构件2欲达位置,使构件2与装置1分开的步骤。
使形状记忆材料构件2的表面上取这样一种展开形状,它大致符合该构件将放入的钻孔段或管道列的大致轮廓。为此,可将一形状记忆材料的矩形板绕一圆柱状体卷曲,此柱状体的直径相当于钻孔或管道列的内部宽度。在上述将形状记忆材料件预成形的工序中,使构件2的温度保持在高于其奥氏体-马氏体的转变温度。此转变温度能通过改变形状记忆材料的组成影响其变化。当用在生产烃类物质的油井中时,取决于该形状记忆材料构件的实际放置位置和使用情况,这一转变温度一般确定在约50°至100℃之间。
在构件2的上述预成形工序之后,即将此构件冷却到奥氏体-马氏体的转变温度之下。
现在,此形状记忆材料处于马氏体状态,易于变形并以图2所示 方式卷绕到运动装置1上。
必要时,可将记忆材料构成的夹子12依同样方式预成形,使得此夹子能松开此构件;而当夹子12冷却到低于奥氏体-马氏体转变温度,成为图1所示形状时,便夹合在构件2的外周。
随后,当形状记忆材料件的温度保持在低于其奥氏体-马氏体的转变温度以下时,即令此运动装置1下降进入钻孔9中。当运动装置1定位到构件2欲达的位置上时,即可采用例如直接或间接的电激励加热器或微波源(未示明),把它加热到高于记忆材料的奥氏体-马氏体转变温度之上。这时,夹子12从构件2上脱开,而构件2便贴靠空腔10的壁部铺摊至其展开形状。
可以有多种方式将展开的构件2贴靠井壁10封接。例如,可将一挠性材料的管套(未示明)绕套在构件2的至少是其端部上,此种管套浸渍有适当的粘合剂,例如商品名为EpIKOTE的一种粘合剂。在构件2贴靠空腔壁展开后,此种粘合剂便从管套内释放出,使构件永久性地固定于空腔内。
另外,也可将某种形式的粘合剂直接涂到构件2的外表面,而这种粘合剂只有在同泥浆或一种特殊的循环流体作长时间接触后,才发挥出它的胶粘性质。上述粘合剂也可取下述形式,即在它经高温处理后才具有粘接性质;或者原是一种双组份型的粘合剂,当其中的第二种组份受到例如钻孔内流体的静压而游离时,它才成为活性的。除此,此类粘合剂也可以是软金属型,通过它,可以从形状记忆材料构件的预定约束膨胀,获得金属与金属的封接特性。
上述形状记忆材料构件可以跨过一钻孔的下述区域设置,在此区域的钻孔壁已破裂,并且使钻井液损失到地表下结构中或有地层结构 水流到钻孔内。在钻穿这种破裂的结构时,可将运动装置1包括到一钻杆柱中,而要是钻井液的流失发生,则使此构件跨越此流失区定位,同时将一加热装置(未示明)通过此钻杆柱降下,把运动装置1加热到形状记忆材料转变为奥氏体的温度,借此使构件固定到钻孔壁上。上述粘合剂的强度要足以在短时间内经受住地层结构液与钻井液之间的压力差,直到此钻孔已为套管隔离。还要求上述强度能承受来自钻杆柱稳定器在下钻或提钻时的冲击力,同时还要允许此钻杆柱的井底设备能通过此已展开的构件从钻孔中撤回。
除上面所述将一形状记忆材料构件用作一种补块兼钻孔〔patch-Wh∶le-dr∶lling(pWD)〕的工具外,还有许许多多的应用中可能需要将形状记忆材料的构件置入空腔之内,例如:
对侵蚀的石油或天然气管道进行井下修补;
对跑水或流沙的开采区实行井下封闭,同时保持住能通到石油或天然气储藏点的更深开采区;
修补从地理环境上不能接近的从井口到分离器的出油管线、散装油或天然气输送管线;
将一种穿管式的可胀塞堵置于油井内;
在双层钻杆柱的油井完工时,修复其中失效的锁闩,以及
修复在内部的难以接近的表面设备,例如更换反应罐或煤气设备内的加热线圈。
应知,除了将这种形状记忆材料绕运动装置1的柱状部卷绕之外,还可采用任何其它适当的方式将它固定到后者之上。
在图3所示的实施例中,运动装置30载有一形状记忆材料的原 管状件31,在其处于马氏体状态时,通过绕装置30折叠而变形成凹凸状的瓦楞形。当运动装置30到达形状记忆材料件31欲置放的位置时,将前者加热,使此形状记忆材料件恢复到其原始的可配合钻孔33内部宽度的管状形式。
除了在附图中所示的特殊形式外,可根据形状记忆材料件将从事的工作类型,使之取任何其它适当的形状。例如,可将形状记忆材料通过井部降到运动装置的下端,用作打捞工具回收遗弃在井中的设备。此时,可将形状记忆材料件绕到,或在可能时进到丢失的设备内或是落定到此设备的顶端上,然后加热使其变形,而牢牢地抓住此设备,由此随同运动装置一起从井中撤出。
上述运动装置可装配上冷却和/或加热装置。当运动装置进到空腔内时,可激励冷却装置使形状记忆材料件保持在马氏体状态,而当此运动装置到达记忆材料件拟放在的位置上时,则激励加热装置使记忆材料件成为奥氏体。
要是运动装置是从温度低于记忆材料的奥氏体-马氏体转变温度的环境下,进入到温度正好高于上述温度的空腔内时,则可利用运动装置固有的热量,使此形状记忆材料在其输送阶段保持为马氏体,并在到达其欲放置的位置上后允许其转变为奥氏体。运动装置在其通过空腔转移过程中,可用熔化中的冰块充填它使之降温,以免记忆材料在其到达欲放置的位置之前发生膨胀。
熟悉本项工艺的人从以上说明即知,除附图中所示实施例之外,是可以有许许多多可能的变动方法,来将一形状记忆材料件置入于一空腔内的。因此,应知本发明以附图所示的实施例仅仅是用作说明目的。

Claims (10)

1、一种用来将形状记忆材料件置入一空腔内的方法,此方法包括:
使此形状记忆材料件成为适合用于空腔内的展开形式,同时让此记忆材料件处在高于该材料本身的相转变温度之上;
将此形状记忆材料件冷却至该相转变温度之下;
使此形状记忆材料件变形至紧缩形状,得以自由地运动入空腔内,将上述形状记忆材料件置于该空腔中,同时将此记忆材料件的温度保持在前述相转变温度之下;
将此记忆材料件加热到该相转变温度之上,同时允许此形状记忆材料返回至其展开形式,特征在于将上述记忆材料件置于上述空腔之前,使其附着在一运动装置上,使附着有此形状记忆材料件的上述装置进入该空腔而将上述记忆材料置于该空腔中,操纵上述运动装置移至待放置上述记忆材料的位置,当上述形状记忆材料返回其展开形式之后,从空腔中撤出该运动装置。
2、如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于空腔及其进口都取大致的管状形式,而形状记忆材料件则包括一种记忆金属板,该板在运入空腔之前,经卷绕、弯曲或折叠成一紧缩形状,使此变形后的板的外部宽度小于空腔及其进口的内部宽度。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法,特征在于它包括以下各步骤:
使包括一板状的形状记忆材料的构件在其温度高于此材料的相转变温度时,预成形为大致的管状形式,使得此构件安装就位后,常能贴靠住空腔的内壁展开;
在将上述构件的温度保持到所说相转变温度以下时,把它围绕一运动装置的圆柱状部段卷曲,同时让此运动装置移动到空腔之内;
加热此构件到所说转变温度之上,导致它在其欲达位置处贴靠空腔内壁展开;然后
使此运动装置与已展开的这一构件分离。
4、如权利要求3所述的方法,特征在于上述空腔构成地下石油或天然气生产井的一部分,而此运动装置装有保护用的稳定器桨叶,后者是装在前述圆柱状部段之上方或下方,并有一对夹子当运动装置降入井内之际用来固定处在卷曲形状的记忆材料构件,同时,在将运动装置与包括一形状记忆材料的板件构件相分离的步骤中,此步骤是在运动装置已到达该构件拟安放之位置时,通过从此构件上撤下这对夹子来实现的。
5、如权利要求3所述的方法,特征在于上述构件包括一形状记忆材料的板件,它是通过运动装置中的冷却装置使其温度降至前述转变温度范围之下,直至此运动装置业已到达该构件欲安装的位置。
6、如权利要求3所述的方法,特征在于上述构件在运动装置已到达此构件欲安装的位置后,通过运动装置中的加热装置,加热到高于前述转变温度范围的一个温度。
7、如权利要求3所述的方法,特征在于上述形状记忆材料构件在贴靠空腔内壁展开之后,通过使此构件上携载的粘合剂活化,把构件固定到所说内壁上。
8、如权利要求7所述的方法,特征在于上述粘合剂包括一种商品名为EPIKOTE粘合剂,它浸漬于一挠性的管套内,后者在已卷曲的构件送入空腔内的过程中围绕在此构件的至少一部分上。
9、如权利要求3所述的方法,特征在于所说将形状记忆材料构件预成形的步骤包括,使此形状记忆材料板件绕一圆柱形部件卷曲,此圆柱件的直径小于拟将形状记忆材料构件置入其中之空腔的内部宽度。
10、如权利要求2所述的方法,特征在于上述形状记忆材料件预成形为这样的管状形式,当它冷却到低于转变温度的温度下时,通过折叠变形为瓦楞状,下降进至一井内时,再次加热到高于此转变温度的一个温度,而得以允许此形状记忆材料件复原至其管状形式。
CN89106667A 1988-08-31 1989-08-29 用来将一形状记忆材料件置入一空腔内的方法 Expired CN1013506B (zh)

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