CN101330892A - 具有在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同的侧片的一次性吸收制品 - Google Patents
具有在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同的侧片的一次性吸收制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种围绕穿着者下体穿着的一次性吸收制品,该制品包括至少一对侧片,所述侧片将第一腰区连接到第二腰区上形成腰部开口和一对腿部开口。每个侧片包括腰区、胯区和腿区,其中所述腰区、胯区和腿区在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同,以在显示具有衣服状外观的同时提供改进的初始贴合性和持续贴合性。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及卫生吸收制品,例如尿布、裤型尿布、训练裤等。具体地讲,本发明涉及具有包括结构上、功能上和视觉上不同的区域的侧片的此类卫生吸收制品。
发明背景
婴儿和其他失禁患者穿用吸收制品(如尿布)以接收和容纳尿液和其它身体流出物。吸收制品不仅能够容纳排泄物,而且还可使这些排泄物与穿着者的身体、衣物和被褥隔离。
尿布厂商一直致力于通过提供更象衣服的外观和通过加入拉伸以改善贴合性,来改善尿布的外观和功能。然而,影响贴合性的部件通常对外观具有负面影响。例如,具有侧拉伸部件的一次性尿布已经采用拉伸和力曲线来提供良好的初始贴合性和良好的持续贴合性。提供此类侧拉伸部件的一次性尿布通常是由尿布底座构成的多片设计,其中可拉伸的侧片粘合到至少一个纵向侧边上并从其伸出。此类多片设计通常不太象衣服并需要装饰性的部件来弥补。此外,平行于尿布的纵向侧边延伸的粘合在尿布被穿着在穿着者身上时沿着拉伸侧片从顶部到底部引起的力非常类似或相等。力相等或是导致在大腿顶部的红印记、或是导致绕腰部的持续贴合性差、或者这二者。此外,侧片的边缘容易折叠或朝着侧片的中心向内打卷,显示更不像衣服的较差的贴合性。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供这样一种一次性吸收制品,其能够在更像衣服的同时提供改进的初始贴合性、持续贴合性和减轻穿着者皮肤上的红印记。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种围绕穿着者下体穿着的一次性吸收制品。所述一次性吸收制品包括将第一腰区连接到第二腰区以形成腰部开口和一对腿部开口的至少一对侧片。每个侧片包括腰区、胯区和腿区,其中腰区、胯区和腿区在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同,以在显示衣服状外观的同时提供改进的初始贴合性和持续贴合性。
在一个实施方案中,一对侧片被设置在第二腰区中。每个侧片均包括腰区、胯区和腿区,其中腰区、胯区和腿区在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同。每个侧片也包括用于将侧片可释放地连接到第一腰区的扣件。
在另一个实施方案中,第一对侧片连接到第二腰区,第二对侧片连接到第一腰区。第一对侧片连接到第二对侧片上形成具有腰部开口和一对腿部开口的裤。每对侧片均包括腰区、胯区和腿区,其中腰区、胯区和腿区在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同。
附图概述
虽然本说明书以特别指出并清楚地要求保护构成本发明的权利要求书作为结尾,但预期通过阅读下面的发明详述和研究所附的附图将更易于理解本发明。
图1为根据本发明所构造的一次性尿布的平面视图,其中部分被切掉以显示底层结构。尿布的面向身体表面面向着观察者。
图2为连接到图1的一次性尿布上的侧片的平面图。
图3为在装配方向上构造的图1中尿布的等轴视图。
图4为根据本发明所构造的裤型尿布的等轴视图。
图5为显示“可用应变”的示例性应力-应变曲线。
发明详述
定义
本文中,下列术语具有以下含义:
“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳液体的装置,更具体地讲是指与穿着者的身体紧贴或邻近放置的、用于吸收和容纳由身体排放的多种渗出物的装置。
“纵向”是指与制品的最长直线尺寸平行的方向,并且包括纵向±45°范围内的方向。
“侧向”或“横向”方向与纵向正交。
“Z方向”与纵向和横向正交。
“x-y平面”是指对应于纵向和横向的平面。
本文所用术语“设置”用于指在特定地点和位置以与其它部件作为一体结构或者以与另一种部件结合作为单独部件形成的部件。
本发明使用的术语“接合”包括多种构型,由此通过将一种元件直接附加于另一种元件来使一种元件直接固定到另一种元件上,以及由此通过将一种元件附加于中间元件,中间元件又附加于另一种元件来使一种元件间接固定到另一种元件上。
“一体的”吸收制品是指由独立部分形成共同实体并相互联接而成的吸收制品,这样它们无需单独的处理部分,如单独的支持物和衬垫。
术语“可渗透的”和“不可渗透的”是指在一次性吸收制品预期使用的范围内材料的渗透性。具体地讲,术语“可渗透的”是指具有孔或开口的层或分层结构允许液态水在没有加压的情况下透过其厚度。相反,术语“不可渗透的”通常是指在0.97kPa(0.14lb/in2)或更小的压强下流体不能渗透过制品的整个Z方向上的厚度的制品和/或元件。优选地,不可渗透的制品或元件在3.45kPa(0.5lb/in2)或更小的压强下不被流体所渗透。更优选地,不可渗透的制品或元件在6.89kPa(1.0lb/in2)或更小的压强下不被流体所渗透。
术语“连接”是指用适于将元件以及它们的组分材料扣紧、固定或接合在一起的任何方法通过扣紧、粘附、粘结等进行连接或结合。用于将元件连接到一起的许多合适方法是熟知的,这些方法包括粘合剂粘合、压力粘合、热粘结、机械扣紧等等。此类连接方法可用于在一个特定区域上,或连续或间断地将各元件连接到一起。术语“连接的”包括与另一个元件整体成形的元件。
术语“起皱”或“皱曲”用于描述在基底内或在层压结构内出现的高低起伏。两个术语“起皱”或“皱曲”均不要求产生的高或低在本质上均匀。
本文所用术语“尿布”是指通常被婴儿和失禁患者围绕下体穿着以便环绕穿着者的腰部和腿部并且特别适于接收和容纳尿液和粪便的吸收制品。本文所用术语“尿布”也包括下文所定义的“裤”。
本文所用术语“一次性的”用于描述通常不打算洗涤、复原或作为吸收制品再使用的吸收制品,(即,它们设计在一次性使用后丢弃,优选将其回收利用、堆肥处理或以其他环境相容的方式进行处理)。
如本文所用,“可弹性延展的”是指可延展材料的特性。在拉伸可延展材料的力被移除之后,所述可延展材料具有基本回复至其初始尺寸的能力。除非另外指明,本文中的被描述为“可延展的”任何材料或元件也可为“可弹性延展的”。
本文所用术语“拉伸”是指在长度或宽度方向上受力延伸。
“活动拉伸”包括拉伸弹性部件并将拉伸的弹性部件粘合到非织造材料上。在粘合后,拉伸的弹性部件被释放,使它收缩,从而导致“起皱的”非织造材料。当起皱部分被拉动时,起皱的非织造材料可伸展至约非织造材料达到其至少一个初始平面尺寸的程度。当被粘合到非织造材料上时,弹性部件优选被拉伸至少其松弛长度的25%,而且更优选为至少100%。
本文所用术语“裤”、“裤型尿布”、“训练裤”、“闭合尿布”、“预紧固尿布”和“套穿尿布”和“尿布裤”是指为婴儿或成人穿着者设计的具有腰部开口和腿部开口的一次性衣服。裤可在穿着到穿着者身上之前被成形为使得裤具有闭合的腰部和腿部开口,或裤可被成形为使得腰部为闭合的,并且腿部开口在穿着到穿着者身上时形成。裤可通过任何适宜的技术预成形,所述技术包括但不限于利用可重复扣紧和/或不可重复扣紧的粘结(例如,缝合、焊接、粘合剂、内聚粘合、扣件等)将制品的各部分连接在一起。裤可在沿制品圆周的任何位置预成形(例如,侧扣紧、前腰扣紧、后腰扣紧)。合适裤的实施例公开于以下专利中:美国专利5,246,433、美国专利5,569,234、美国专利6,120,487、美国专利6,120,489、美国专利4,940,464、美国专利5,092,861、美国专利5,897,545、美国专利5,957,908和美国专利公布2003/0233082A1。
说明:
根据本发明所构造的可穿着制品具有一对侧片,其中每个侧片均包括在视觉上、结构上或功能上不同的区域。侧片同样适用于可穿着制品例如包括尿布、裤型尿布、训练裤、失禁贴身短内裤、失禁内衣、吸收插件、尿布固定器和衬里、妇女卫生内衣等的一次性吸收制品。本发明吸收制品的一个实施方案为一体的一次性吸收制品,例如图1所示的尿布20。
图1是本发明的尿布20平展状态下的平面图,尿布的部分结构被切开以便更清楚地显示尿布20的构造。定向尿布20面向穿着者的部分朝向观察者。尿布20具有第一腰区36、与第一腰区36相对的第二腰区38、和位于第一腰区36和第二腰区38之间的裆区37。尿布20的外边缘定义了尿布20的周边,其中纵向边缘50通常与尿布20的纵向中心线100平行并且位于纵向边缘50之间的端边52通常与尿布20的横向中心线110平行。
如图1所示,尿布20优选包括液体可透过的顶片24、液体不可透过的底片26、优选设置在顶片24和底片26至少一部分之间的吸收芯28、侧片30、可延展腿箍32、弹性腰部组件34和通常标示为40的扣紧系统。尿布20的底座22包括尿布20的主体并包括顶片24和/或底片26以及吸收芯28的至少一部分。尽管顶片24、底片26、吸收芯28、侧片30和其它提到的组件可以多种熟知的构型装配,但优选的尿布构型通常描述于下列专利中:1975年1月14日授予Kenneth B.Buell的名称为“Contractible Side Portions for Disposable Diaper”的美国专利3,860,003、1992年9月9日授予Buell的美国专利5,151,092和1993年6月22日授予Buell的美国专利5,221,274、和1996年9月10日授予Roe等人的名称为“Absorbent Article With Multiple Zone Structural Elastic-Like Film WebExtensible Waist Feature”的美国专利5,554,145、1996年10月29日授予Buell等人的名称为“Disposable Pull-On Pant”的美国专利5,569,234、1996年12月3日授予Nease等人的名称为“Zero Scrap Method For ManufacturingSide Panels For Absorbent Articles”的美国专利5,580,411和1999年12月21日授予Robles等人的名称为“Absorbent Article With Multi-DirectionalExtensible Side Panels”的美国专利6,004,306。
侧片30可具有很多不同的尺寸和形状,但优选地具有梯形形状。侧片30可为弹性的或可延展的以通过最初使尿布20适形地贴合穿着者和在整个穿着期间保持这种贴合性提供更舒适和更符合轮廓的贴合性。由于弹性化侧片30允许尿布20的侧边伸展和收缩,经过弹性化的侧片30在尿布20已经充满渗出物之后仍可提供良好的持续贴合性。所述侧片30也可提供尿布20更有效的应用,因为在使用过程中即使将一个弹性化侧片30拉得比其它的更长,尿布20也会在穿用过程中“自我调节”。
侧片30可包括固定到底座22上的独立元件,或可被构造成尿布的其它元件例如底片26或顶片24,优选地顶片24和底片26二者的伸出部。在图1所示的实施方案中,侧片30每个均包括在第二腰区38接合到底座22上的单独纤维网并超出纵向边缘50横向向外伸出。侧片30包括在尿布端边52旁边设置的第一端边90、远离第一端边90朝向横向中心线110设置的第二端边92、接合到纵向边缘50上的第一纵向边缘94和由纵向边缘50横向向外设置的第二纵向边缘96。第一纵向边缘94可与纵向边缘50相邻。优选地,第一纵向边缘94位于纵向边缘50的横向内侧。侧片30可包括接合到第二纵向边缘96上的非弹性延伸元件42和接合到所述非弹性延伸元件42上的扣件40。使非弹性延伸元件42在扣紧期间沿着侧片30的第二纵向边缘96分布剪应力。
尽管图1所示的尿布20优选具有设置在第二腰区38的侧片30,但尿布20可提供有设置在第一腰区36或在第一腰区36和第二腰区38两个区的侧片30。侧片30可采用任何适当的构型进行构造。具有弹性化侧片的尿布实例公开于下列专利中:1989年8月15日授予Wood等人的名称为“Disposable Diaper Having Shirred Ears”的美国专利4,857,067、1983年5月3日授予Sciaraffa等人的美国专利4,381,781、1990年7月3日授予Van Gompel等人的美国专利4,938,753、上文参考的1992年9月9日授予Buell的美国专利5,151,092、1993年6月22日授予Buell的美国专利5,221,274、1997年9月23日授予LaVon等人的名称为“AbsorbentArticles Providing Sustained Dynamic Fit”的美国专利5,669,897和1999年12月21日授予Robles等人的名称为“Absorbent Article WithMulti-Directional Extensible Side Panels”的美国专利6,004,306中。
本发明的侧片30包括其中每个区域均在结构上、功能上或视觉上不同的独立区域。例如,图2所示的侧片包括三个区域,腰区80、胯区82和腿区84。腰区80位置靠近端边52并可从第一纵向边缘94延伸到第二纵向边缘96。腿区84位置靠近纵向边缘50并可从第一纵向边缘94延伸到第二纵向边缘96。胯区82位于腰区80和腿区84之间并可从第一纵向边缘94延伸到第二纵向边缘96。每个区所占的侧片30的面积可变化;然而,胯区可覆盖侧片表面积的40%-90%,优选地60%-80%,同时腰区可覆盖侧片表面积的5%至30%,优选地10%至20%以及腿区可覆盖侧片表面积的5%至30%,优选地10%至20%。
腰、胯和腿区80、82、84中的每一个均可与其它两个区在结构上、功能上或视觉上不同。在一个实施方案中,三个区中的每一个均可与其它两个区在结构上和视觉上不同。在另一个实施方案中,三个区中的每一个均可与其它两个区在功能上和视觉上不同。在另一个实施方案中,三个区中的每一个均可与其它两个区在结构上和功能上不同。在另一个实施方案中,三个区中的每一个均可与其它两个区在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同。此外,在另一个实施方案中,任何两个区可在结构上、功能上或视觉上相同但与第三个区不同。在另一个实施方案中,任何两个区可在结构上、功能上和视觉上相同,但与第三个区在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同。
腰区80、胯区82和腿区84之间的结构差别可包括所用材料种类、在零应变弹性层压体中的活化图案、材料厚度、粘合图案、材料层以及它们的组合上的差别。可使侧片30的腰区80、胯区82和腿区84之间的结构差别来增强各区域之间的视觉区别,影响各区域或两个区域的功能属性。
可使侧片30的腰区80、胯区82和腿区84之间的结构差别来影响尿布20如何贴合在穿着者身上。功能差别可包括硬度、弯曲模量、弹性模量、可延展性、力弛豫、变形、恢复速率、扭转模量、压缩模量、可压缩性、摩擦系数、表面能以及它们的组合上的差别。
侧片30可由很多不同材料构成。例如,侧片可包括常规的弹性材料或拉伸层压体。拉伸层压体可包括前面定义的称为活动拉伸的层压结构,其中在弹性元件处于应变状态下将弹性元件接合到基底上,使得一旦释放应变后,层压体形成皱褶或聚拢并显示具有类弹性性质的褶裥结构。
作为另外一种选择,拉伸层压体可包括机械活化的拉伸层压体例如零应变拉伸层压体。零应变拉伸层压体具有包括第一基底、第二基底和弹性元件的层压结构。第一基底和第二基底(它们典型地为非弹性非织造材料)以面对面方位接合到弹性元件上,使得弹性元件被夹在第一基底和第二基底中间。层压结构被机械地活化,使它能够拉伸。机械活化是指一种方法,其中非弹性基底的非织造材料纤维在非织造材料内被分开和/或拉伸,使得非织造材料在沿着其表面的方向受到拉伸,而且通过部分拉直非织造材料中的纤维使其在该方向易于扩展。零应变弹性层压体描述于授予Weber等人的美国专利5,143,679、授予Buell等人的美国专利5,156,793和授予Weber的美国专利5,167,897。
用于侧片30的弹性元件可包括弹性股线或弹性薄膜。可使用本领域已知的任何适宜的弹性薄膜。合适的弹性薄膜可包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚烯烃、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、或它们的组合。薄膜基重在约10gsm至约100gsm的范围内。
合适的弹性股线可由有弹力的弹性热塑性材料制成。弹性股线可由液态弹性材料通过模具挤出而制成,以达到期望的弹性线直径和/或形状。挤出的弹性线的形状不受限制。例如,典型的弹性股线具有圆形横截面形状,但有时弹性股线也可具有不同的形状,例如三叶形形状,或扁平(即“带”状)形状。合适的弹性股线的形状包括:矩形、圆形、椭圆形、菱形、三角形、平行四边形、梯形、楔形或圆形或椭圆形的其它部分、其它多边形、或其它不规则的封闭形。此外,弹性股线的厚度或直径可以变化以满足具体的应用。典型地,弹性股线的厚度可在约0.02mm至约1mm的范围内,并且基重在约20g/m2至约300g/m2的范围内。
弹性股线可粘附于基底上、挤出到基底上或印刷到基底上。用于在纵向上施加弹性股线的适用设备描述于美国公布2004/0238105 A1和2004年4月30日提交的名称为“Apparatus for Producing Elastomeric NonwovenLaminates”的美国申请10/836,944。用于在横向上、与纵向成某一角度、或以曲线方式施加弹性股线的设备描述于2004年2月13日提交的名称为“Method of Placing Material Transversely on a Moving Web”的美国公布US2005-0178494 A1。用于在纵向上、与纵向成某一角度、或以曲线方式施加弹性股线的设备描述于2004年4月29日提交的名称为“Extrusion ApplicatorHaving Linear Motion Operability”的美国申请10/834,539和2004年4月29日提交的名称为“Extrusion Applicator Having Rotational Operability”的美国申请10/834,503。
用于在任何方向上印刷弹性元件的适用设备和方法描述于2004年3月29日提交的名称为“Variable Stretch Composites and Methods of Making theComposite”的美国公布2004-0181200A1和2004年3月29日提交的名称为“Variable Stretch Composites and Methods of Making the Composite”的美国公布2004-0193133A1。对于弹性股线的印刷,单个弹性股线可被构形为通常具有小于约2mm且典型地小于约1mm的宽度的细纹或股线。线性弹性股线可被构形为带,所述带通常具有介于约2mm和约20mm之间的宽度和处在约2∶1至约100∶1的范围内的纵横比。典型地,弹性股线的厚度可在约0.02mm至约5mm的范围内,并且基重在约20g/m2至约300g/m2的范围内。
构成侧片的第一或第二基底可包括机织材料、非织造材料、机织物和非织造材料的组合、或具有机织物或非织造材料的层压结构。适用于本发明的合适的非织造材料可包括由下列材料制成的纤维:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、尼龙、纤维素、聚酰胺、或此类材料的组合。可将一种材料的纤维或不同材料的纤维或材料组合的纤维用于非织造材料中。用于制造非织造材料的合适的方法包括纺粘法、纺粘-熔喷-纺粘法(SMS)、纺粘-熔喷-熔喷-纺粘法(SMMS)、梳理成网法等等。其它合适的非织造材料包括高伸长粗梳(HEC)非织造材料和深度活化聚丙烯(DAPP)非织造材料。可用本领域已知的任何方法来制造非织造材料。第一非织造材料和/或第二非织造材料的基重可例如处在约10gsm至约40gsm的范围内。
第一基底、第二基底和弹性元件可通过本领域已知的任何连接方法连接。用于连接的合适的连接部件和/或方法包括但不限于粘合剂、内聚粘合、热粘结、压力粘合、机械粘结、超声波粘结、以及/或连接此类材料的任何已知方法的任何组合。
侧片30的腰区80、胯区82和腿区84之间的结构差别可包括在腰区80和/或腿区84中使用与胯区82不同的弹性元件,基于各种材料的性质,导致功能性和视觉外观上的差别。例如,零应变弹性层压体侧片可包括在张力下连接到侧片30的腰区80和腿区84上的弹性元件,其产生大量的皱曲,在松弛时其在尺寸上比胯区82中的零应变拉伸层压体大,引起视觉上的区别,这使它们看起来像衣服状接缝同时提供抓取或施用益处。作为另外一种选择,各区域之间不同的活化图案可产生具有不同的最大延伸率和/或应力/应变性质的视觉上不同的区域。类似地,各区域中各层之间粘合图案上的变化可影响应力/应变性能和区域中皱曲的频率和/或尺寸。
下面提供了用导致各区域之间的功能差别的结构上不同的腰区80、胯区82和腿区84所构造的侧片30的其它实例和构成同样各区域的方法。
在一个实施方案中,结构差别可导致胯区82的弹性模量高于腰和/或腿区80、84的弹性模量,使胯区82能够承受更大的锚固载荷。这会导致印记减轻以及降低任何接合的扣件在侧片张力下扭曲的趋势。作为另外一种选择,如果需要增强衬圈或周边边缘控制,在腰和/或腿区80、84中的弹性模量可高于胯区82。
在另一个实施方案中,结构差别可涉及延展性,其中腰和/或腿区80、84的延展性可大于胯区82的延展性,以使腰部和腿部能够自由移动而不受到束缚,减轻红印记的可能。作为另外一种选择,腰和/或腿区80、84可比胯区82的延展性小以更好地密封并防止废弃物渗漏。
在腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间弹性模量和延展性上的差别可通过在各区域中包括影响这些性质的结构差别而受到影响。
例如,零应变拉伸层压体侧片可通过在第一和第二活化辊之间对侧片刻划网格而进行机械活化,活化辊每一个均包括多个齿。第一活化辊的齿与第二活化辊的齿相互交叉。腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间的结构差别可通过将侧片各部分机械活化到不同的应变百分比来获得。侧片各部分所经受的应变百分比取决于相互交叉的第一活化辊的齿与第二活化辊的齿之间的啮合深度。与在较大啮合深度所活化的各部分相比,在较小啮合深度(例如,短齿)活化侧片的各部分导致不同的功能特性。暴露于较小啮合深度的部分经受较小的应变百分比,使它们弹性延展小。例如,侧片应变到200%的部分能够弹性延展到其初始长度的约三倍。然而,应变到500%的部分能够弹性延展到其初始长度的约六倍。
在一个可供选择的实施方案中,侧片可包括连接到基底上的多个弹性元件。功能差别可通过改变多个弹性元件的间距来获得。例如,在腰区80和腿区84中每个弹性元件的间距可为约2mm,同时在胯区82中多个弹性元件中每一个之间的间距可为约1mm。作为另外一种选择,腰区80、腿区84和胯区82中每个弹性元件间的间距可不同。例如,腰区80中弹性元件间的间距可为1mm,同时胯区82中弹性元件间的间距为2mm以及腿区中弹性元件间的间距为3mm。假设在腰区、腿区和胯区80、84、82中多个弹性元件具有相同的物理和化学性质,则每个区中的弹性模量相对于间距可不同。
在另一个实施方案中,导致诸如弹性模量和/或延展性之类的功能差别的结构差别可通过改变多个弹性元件的性质而获得。例如,与腿区84中多个弹性元件的物理或化学性质相比,腰区80中的多个弹性元件可具有不同的物理或化学性质,并且与胯区82中多个弹性元件的物理或化学性质相比,腰区和腿区80、84两个区可具有不同的物理或化学性质。例如,腰区80中的多个弹性元件与胯区82中的多个弹性元件相比可具有较小的横截面积,但与腿区84中的多个弹性元件相比具有较大的横截面积。例如,在弹性元件包括弹性股线之处,腰区80中的多个弹性元件的横截面积可从约0.03mm2改变至约0.1mm2。反之,胯区82中多个弹性元件的横截面积可大于约0.1mm2以及小于或等于约0.4mm2,以及腿区84中多个弹性元件的横截面积可小于约0.03mm2,从而与腰和腿区80、84相比给胯区82提供更高的弹性模量以及与腿区84相比给腰区82提供更高的弹性模量。
在另一个实施方案中,影响各区域间不同弹性模量和延展性的结构差别可包括给一个区域提供额外的弹性元件来影响那个区域的功能。例如,侧片30可包括在腰区80、胯区82和腿区84中存在的弹性元件。为了影响胯区82的功能性,可将额外的弹性元件添加到胯区82上,使得其功能性相对于腰区和腿区80、84不同。作为另外一种选择,可添加额外的弹性元件到腰或腿区80、84或两个区而不添加到胯区82。
因此,值得注意的是,任何前述的用于产生结构差别和相应的功能差别的方法可进行组合以在侧片30中提供所需的性质。
其中侧片30的腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间的功能差别通过结构差别而获得的另一个实施方案包括增大腰和/或腿区80、84的弯曲模量和相应的硬度超过胯区82的弯曲模量和相应的硬度,以便腰或腿区80、84中的第一和第二端边90、92抗折叠或打卷,与此同时使胯区82能够随穿着者自由弯曲和移动,降低在穿着者皮肤上红印记的机会。挺度可通过加入附加层到腰和/或腿区80、84、借助于弹性收缩添加皱曲到腰和/或腿区80、84(其中皱曲的方向基本上垂直于纵向边缘50和端边52)或增加现有材料的厚度而提高。
对于另一个实施方案,结构差别可导致功能差别例如力弛豫(变形等)。例如,对于胯区82中的力弛豫而言,最理想的是低于腰和/或腿区80、84中的力弛豫,使胯区82能够有效地承受腰部锚固张力并抗松垂。这可通过在腰区和腿区80、84中使用高质量的弹性体例如氢化弹性体来实现。氢化弹性体的力弛豫比非氢化弹性体的力弛豫低(滞后性小)。
在另一个实施方案中,结构差别可影响功能差别例如恢复速率,其为在移除张力时该区域如何快速返回到初始松弛长度的度量值。例如,对于腰和/或腿区80、84中的恢复速率而言,最理想的是比胯区82小(即,慢)以通过延迟腿/腰配合直到制品穿在穿着者身上后帮助将制品贴合到穿着者身上。缓慢恢复的弹性体可能够延迟恢复响应。缓慢恢复的弹性体描述于2005年6月3日提交的名称为“Absorbent Articles Comprising A SlowRecovery Elastomer”的美国申请序列号11/144508和2005年6月3日提交的名称为“Absorbent Articles Comprising A Slow Recovery Stretch Laminate”的美国申请序列号11/144497中。
在另一个实施方案中,可使各区域间的结构差别来影响各区域中的扭转模量,导致在腰区和/或腿区80、84中的扭转模量比胯区82的扭转模量大,以降低腰和腿区扭曲的趋势。保持各区域在较大的区域上平直铺展张力而不是将张力集中在狭窄区域上(其会引起红印记)。与上面的挺度类似,扭转模量可通过加入附加层到腰和/或腿区80、84、借助于弹性收缩添加皱曲到腰和/或腿区80、84(其中皱曲的方向基本上垂直于纵向边缘50和端边52)或增加现有材料的厚度而提高。
在另一个实施方案中,各区域间的结构差别可影响压缩模量。例如,腰和/或腿区80、84的压缩模量可低于胯区82的压缩模量。由于腰和腿区均是沿着制品的周边,使这些区域中的压缩模量最小化可增加沿着制品周边的舒适度。压缩模量可通过增加在给定基重下材料的蓬松性(厚度)、降低层压或分层结构的层间粘结密度或选择具有本质上低压缩模量的材料来减小。
在另一个实施方案中,各区域间的结构差别可影响摩擦系数,导致腰和腿区80、84中的摩擦系数比胯区82的摩擦系数大,以便腰和腿区形成在腰和腿区80、84中具有零滑动或滑动明显减轻的衬圈。作为另外一种选择,胯区82中的摩擦系数可高于腰和腿区80、84以有利于制品在穿着者身上的锚固和持续贴合。摩擦系数可通过以下方法降低:a)施用诸如洗剂、粉末之类的增滑剂或诸如特富龙之类的低表面能材料,或b)采用具有能在皮肤上的皱曲上“绊住”的微突出少的光滑材料。合适的洗剂的实施例包括下列专利中所描述的那些:1997年3月4日授予Roe的名称为“Disposable Absorbent Article Having A Lotioned Topsheet Containing anEmollient and a Polyol Polyester Immobilizing Agent”的美国专利5,607,760、1997年3月11日授予Roe的名称为“Diaper Having A Lotion TopsheetComprising A Liquid Polyol Polyester Emollient And An Immobilizing Agent”的美国专利5,609,587、1997年6月3日授予Roe等人的名称为“DiaperHaving A Lotioned Topsheet Containing A Polysiloxane Emollient”的美国专利5,635,191、1997年7月1日授予Roe等人的名称为“Diaper Having ALotioned Topsheet”的美国专利5,643,588、1999年10月19日授予Roe等人的名称为“Absorbent Article Having a Lotioned Topsheet”的美国专利5,968,025和2004年4月6日授予Osborne的名称为“Compositions for theefficient release of active ingredients”的美国专利6,716,441。
在另一个实施方案中,结构差别可通过影响一个或多个区域的表面能影响腰、胯和腿区80、82、84的功能性。表面能是指表面的活性,例如表面影响其它物质如何与表面相互作用的正、负或零电荷。例如,表面能可影响流体如何铺展在表面上或粘附到表面上。表面能差别可因用特富龙类材料或硅氧烷涂层涂敷耳片的一部分而产生以给尿液提供障碍,同时未处理部分将提供更好的附着性以便墨印。影响表面能的涂层实例包括2005年2月2日提交的名称为“Hydrophobic Surface Coated Absorbent Articles andAssociated Methods”的专利申请序列号11/055,743中所描述的那些。
腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间的结构差别也可影响各区域的视觉方面。除了结构之外,各区域间的视觉差别也可受颜色、纹理、图案、厚度、不透明性、反射性、光泽、皱曲尺寸、皱曲间距和皱曲频率的影响。腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间的视觉差别可有助于衣服状外观和/或在使尿布贴合穿着者方面提供帮助。
衣服状外观可通过使各区域制成布料状而实现。例如,使侧片30的腰和腿区80、84看起来象接缝,同时制造胯区82看起来像布料状织物条。此类视觉差别可通过添加颜色、图案和/或弹性材料层借助于弹性收缩产生可见的聚拢或皱曲来实现。
在一个实施方案中,可引进结构差别来影响视觉差别以及功能差别。例如,弹性材料可进行预应变并在不同的应变水平下连接到腰区80、胯区82和腿区84上,产生不同的可见聚拢或皱曲来进一步区分每个区域的外观,与此同时给每个区提供所期望的弹性性质。
此外,腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间的视觉差别可与前述的结构和功能差别相结合以便:a)提供在何处抓住侧片以便在施用时拉伸它的指示,b)使腿和腰区更容易区分以帮助施用,c)给儿童穿着者提供可见的有吸引力的图案(例如,赛场大反攻等),d)提供制品正面和背面的指示,e)给护理人员提供直观说明来帮助施用或移除制品,f)与底座主体上的其它图形配合。
侧片30的腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间的结构差别和相应的功能和视觉差别可受尿布其它组件的影响。例如,如下文所述,可制造弹性腰部组件和腿弹性部件延伸进侧片的腰和腿区中以增强围绕着穿着者的力分布以及提供呈现更像衣服的连续接缝。
尿布20可包括帮助提供改进的贴合性和密封性中的至少一个的弹性腰部组件34。弹性腰部组件34通常用于弹性伸展和收缩以动态适合穿着者的腰部。优选地,所述弹性组件34从吸收芯28的至少一个腰部边缘62至少纵向地向外延伸并且通常形成所述尿布20的端边52的至少一部分。通常构造一次性尿布使其具有两个弹性腰部组件,一个位于所述第一腰区36内,一个位于所述第二腰区38内。此外,尽管弹性腰部组件34或它的组成元件中的任一个可包括粘贴到尿布20上的一个或多个单独元件,弹性腰部组件34可构造成尿布20的其它元件例如底片26、顶片24或底片26和顶片24二者的伸出部。
第二腰区38中的弹性腰部组件34提供可延展的构件,其通过最初使尿布20适形地贴合穿着者和在尿布已经充满渗出物之后的整个穿着期间保持这种贴合性提供更舒适和更符合轮廓的贴合性,因为可延展的腰部组件尤其是在尿布的后部允许尿布扩张以及优选地收缩。此外,第二腰区38中的弹性腰部组件34产生和保持穿着力(张力),其增强由闭合系统所产生和保持的张力以将尿布保持在穿着者身上,并增强尿布20围绕着穿着者腰部的贴合性。第二腰区38中的弹性腰部组件34还提供尿布20的更有效施用,因为即使护理人员在施用期间拉扯弹性腰部组件的一侧比另一侧远(不对称地),尿布仍将在穿着期间“自我调节”。
弹性腰部组件34可连接到底片的外侧的面向衣服表面、顶片的面向身体表面或二者上。此外,弹性腰部组件可被接合在顶片和底片之间,或绕着尿布20的端边52进行覆盖并连接到顶片的面向身体表面和底片的面向衣服表面上。
弹性腰部组件34可以很多不同构型进行构造。例如,弹性腰部组件34可包括由单层非织造材料与所连接的覆盖非织造材料的整个宽度尺寸或仅一部分宽度的弹性材料组成的层压结构。弹性材料可包括挤出到非织造材料上的弹性体或薄膜,其胶接到非织造材料上。作为另外一种选择,弹性腰部组件34可具有包括两层非织造材料与设置在其中间的覆盖层压体的整个宽度或仅一部分宽度的弹性股线的层压结构。此外,弹性腰部组件34可根据以下专利进行构造:1985年5月7日授予Kievit等人的美国专利4,515,595、1987年12月1日授予Lash的美国专利4,710,189、1992年9月9日授予Buell的美国专利5,151,092和1993年6月22日授予Buell的美国专利5,221,274。其它合适的腰部构型可包括腰帽组件,例如1991年6月25日授予Robertson的美国专利5,026,364和1989年3月28日授予Foreman的美国专利4,816,025中所述的那些。
尿布20也可包括用于提供改进的液体和其它身体渗出物密封性的可延展腿箍32。每个可延展腿箍32可包括用于减少身体渗出物在腿区渗漏的几个不同的实施方案(腿箍可为并且有时也称为腿围、腿片、屏蔽箍或弹性箍)。可延展腿箍32可连接到底片的外侧面向衣服表面、顶片的面向身体表面或二者上。此外,可延展腿箍32可接合在顶片和底片之间,或绕着尿布20的纵向侧边50进行覆盖并连接到顶片的面向身体表面和底片的面向衣服表面上。
象弹性腰部组件34一样,可延展腿箍32可以很多构型进行构造。例如,可延展腿箍32可包括由单层非织造材料与所连接的覆盖非织造材料的整个宽度尺寸或仅一部分宽度的弹性材料组成的层压结构。弹性材料可包括挤出的弹性股线层压体,弹性股线层压体包括层压到非织造材料上的预应变挤出弹性股线或薄膜,其随后沿着尿布20的纵向边缘50胶接到底片的朝向衣服表面上并允许松弛以形成褶裥或起皱结构。作为另外一种选择,可延展腿箍32可具有包括两层非织造材料与设置在其中间的覆盖层压体的整个宽度或仅一部分宽度的弹性股线的层压结构。层压结构随后可在处于预应变状态时沿着尿布20的纵向边缘50胶接到底片的面向衣服表面上,以便在由层压体上移除张力使它松弛之后形成褶裥或起皱结构。此外,可延展腿箍32可包括在底片或顶片被折叠起来的一部分之间的预应变的弹性股线或在预应变状态下所粘合的股线。
此外,可延展腿箍32可根据下文所述的一个或多个专利进行构造。1975年1月14日授予Buell的名称为“Contractable Side Portions For aDisposable Diaper”的美国专利3,860,003描述了一种一次性尿布,其提供了具有腿片的可收缩的腿部开口和一个或多个弹性构件以提供弹性化的腿箍(衬圈箍)。1990年3月20日授予Aziz & Blaney的名称为“DisposableAbsorbent Article Having Elasticized Flaps”的美国专利4,909,803描述了一种一次性尿布,其具有“直立”弹性侧翼(屏蔽箍)以改进腿区的密封性。1987年9月22日授予Lawson的名称为“Absorbent Article Having Dual Cuffs”的美国专利4,695,278描述了一种一次性尿布,其具有双箍,包括衬圈箍和屏蔽箍。1987年11月3日授予Buell的名称为“Disposable WasteContainment Garment”的美国专利4,704,115公开了一种一次性尿布或失禁衣服,其具有被构型成能包含衣服内的自由液体的侧边渗漏防护槽。1991年7月16日授予Freeland & Alle的名称为“Disposable Absorbent ArticleHaving Improved Leg Cuffs”的美国专利5,032,120公开了一种具有腿箍的吸收制品,腿箍具有例如通过低接触力差别材料所实现的较高延伸率下的较低最大接触力。1992年2月11日授予Sims的名称为“Absorbent ArticleHaving Inflected Barrier Cuffs”的美国专利5,087,255公开了一种具有折曲屏蔽箍的吸收制品,其中远侧边缘设置在一个腰区中近侧边缘的外侧以及另一个腰区中的内侧以提供绕胯/臀部的更好贴合性。
图3描绘了处于扣紧构型中的尿布20,图示说明腰、胯和腿区80、82、84之间的视觉差别如何,不仅显示衣服状外观而且也提供使护理人员能够在组装期间将尿布正确地定位在穿着者身上的功能属性。如图所示,可使侧片30的腿区84与纵向边缘50匹配以及可使腰区80与第一和第二腰区36、38中的端边52匹配。一旦将尿布20穿戴在穿着者身上,侧片30的腰区80与第一和第二腰区36、38中的端边52对齐,形成环绕尿布20的腰部开口74的完整的360°腰带。与此同时,侧片30的腿区84与尿布的纵向边缘50对齐以形成环绕腿部开口72的360°腿围
除了视觉区别以外,可引入结构差别以进一步增强视觉特征并提供不同区域的附加功能属性。例如,可使第二腰区38中的弹性腰部组件34延伸进一个或两个侧片30中,部分地或全部地覆盖在一个或两个侧片30中的腰区80。对于图3所示的实施方案,第二腰区38中的弹性腰部组件34被显示完全覆盖每个侧片30中的腰区80,使得在尿布20被穿戴在穿着者身上时,尿布的第二腰区38中的弹性腰部组件34和每个侧片30中的腰区80的组合对准尿布的第一腰区36中的弹性腰部组件34,形成绕腰部开口74的360°弹性腰部。
类似地,可使可延展腿箍32延伸进一个或两个侧片30的腿区84中,部分地或完全地覆盖一个或两个侧片30中的腿区84。如图3所示,可使可延展腿箍32完全覆盖每个侧片30中的腿区84,使得每个侧片30中的腿区84和可延展腿箍32的组合形成绕每个腿部开口72的完整的360°腿弹性元件。对于这种实施方案,可延展腿箍32和每个侧片中的腿区84可包括前述的视觉部件以显现成绕腿部开口的衣服状接缝。
对于图3所示的实施方案,每个侧片30中的胯区82可包括零应变弹性层压体,其包括设置在两个非织造材料层之间的弹性薄膜。零应变弹性层压体可终止于腰和腿区80、84或可至少部分延伸进腰和腿区80、84中。在后一情况下,腰和腿区80、84可设置在零应变弹性层压体的面向衣服侧、零应变弹性层压体的面向身体侧或二者上。作为另外一种选择,腰和腿区80、84可分别绕侧片30的第一和第二端边90、92覆盖并与零应变弹性层压体重叠。
图4描述了一种裤型尿布220,图示说明可如何制造腰、胯和腿区280、282、284之间的视觉差别和结构差别来增强贴合性以及衣服状外观。如图4所示,侧片230的腰区280包括接近第一腰区236中端边252的腰带210的延伸部分。腰带210可包括弹性腰部组件234,其延伸进每个侧片230中的腰区280中并部分或完全将其覆盖。尽管未示出,侧片230的腰区280也可包括接近第二腰区中端边的腰带和/或弹性腰部组件的延伸部分,与第一腰区236中的弹性腰部组件234组合,形成一个环绕腰部开口274的360°腰带。此外,如图4所示,侧片230的腿区284可包括接近裤型尿布220的裆区237中的纵向边缘250的腿围212的延伸部分,形成环绕腿部开口272的360°腿围212。腿围212也可包括可延展腿箍232,其部分或完全覆盖每个侧片230中的腿区284。
底座22的其它组件包括底片26、顶片24和芯28。底片26通常为尿布20邻近吸收芯28的面向衣服表面放置的那部分,其防止吸收并容纳在其内的渗出物弄污可能接触尿布20的制品,例如床单和内衣。在优选的实施方案中,底片26不能透过液体(例如尿液),并且包括一张薄塑料膜,例如厚度为约0.012mm(0.5mil)至约0.051mm(2.0mils)的热塑性薄膜。合适的底片薄膜包括由总部在Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation制造并以商品名CPC2薄膜出售的那些。其它合适的底片材料可包括允许水蒸汽从尿布20逸出同时还防止渗出物通过底片26的透气材料。示例性的透气材料可包括的材料如机织纤维网、非织造纤维网、复合材料如膜包衣的非织造纤维网、微孔薄膜如Mitsui Toatsu Co.,Japan以命名ESPOIRNO制造的和由Tredegar Corporation,Richmond,VA制造并以命名EXAIRE.出售的、单片薄膜如由Clopay Corporation,Cincinnati,OH以命名HYTREL blend P18-3097制造。某些可透气复合材料更多细节描述在E.I.DuPont申请的1995年7月22日公布的PCT申请WO 95/16746、1999年8月17日授予LaVon等人的美国专利5,938,648、以Curro的名义公布于1999年2月2日的美国专利5,865,823和1996年11月5日授予Dobrin等人的美国专利5,571,096中。
底片26或其任何部分可在一个或多个方向上弹性延展。在一个实施方案中,底片26可包括一个类结构弹性薄膜(SELF)纤网。结构性类弹性薄膜纤维网为一种可延展材料,所述材料在不使用添加的弹性材料的情况下在伸长方向上显示具有类弹性行为,其更详细地描述于1996年5月21日授予Chappell等人的名称为“Web Materials Exhibiting Elastic-LikeBehavior”的美国专利5,518,801中。在可供选择的实施方案中,底片26可包括弹性薄膜、泡沫、线或者它们或其它合适材料与非织造材料或合成薄膜的组合。
可采用本领域已知的任何连接方法将底片26连接到顶片24、吸收芯28或尿布20的任何其它元件上。例如,连接部件可包括均匀连续的粘合剂层、成图案的粘合剂层、或分离的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点的阵列。一种优选的连接部件包括粘合剂长丝的开放式图案网络,如1986年3月4日授予Minetola等人的名称为“Disposable Waste-Containment Garment”的美国专利4,573,986所公开的。其它合适的连接部件包括多行扭曲成螺旋形图案的粘合剂长丝,如下列专利中所述的设备和方法所说明的:1975年10月7日授予Sprague,Jr.的美国专利3,911,173、1978年11月22日授予Ziecker等人的美国专利4,785,996和1989年6月27日授予Werenicz的美国专利4,842,666。已发现满意的粘合剂由H.B.Fuller Comp,St.制造并以HL-1620和HL1358-XZP销售。作为另外一种选择,连接方法可包括热粘合、压力粘合、超声波粘合、动态机械粘合或任何其它合适的连接方法或本领域已知的这些连接方法的组合。
顶片24优选设置邻近吸收芯28的主体表面,并可采用本领域已知的任何连接方法将顶片连接于其上和/或与底片26连接。与将底片26接合到尿布20其它元件上的部件有关的合适连接部件如上所述。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,在某些位置所述顶片24和所述底片26互相直接连接,并且在另外一些位置通过将它们与尿布20的一个或是多个其它元件直接连接而间接连接在一起。
顶片24优选为柔顺的、感觉柔软的并且不会刺激穿着者的皮肤。另外,顶片24的至少一部分为液体可透过的,其允许液体穿透其整个厚度。合适的顶片可由多种材料制成,例如多孔泡沫、蜂窝状泡沫、有孔塑料薄膜、或天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维)、或者天然纤维与合成纤维组合的机织物或非织造材料。如果顶片24包括纤维,则纤维可以由纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺或其它本领域已知的方法加工。包括短纤维长度聚丙烯纤维的纤维网的一种合适的顶片24由International Paper Company,Walpole,MA的一个分部Veratec,Inc.以命名P-8制造。
合适的成形膜顶片描述于下列专利中:1975年12月30日授予Thompson的名称为“Absorptive Structures Having Tapered Capillaries”的美国专利3,929,135、1982年4月13日授予Mullane等人的名称为“DisposableAbsorbent Article Having A Stain Resistant Topsheet”的美国专利4,324,246、1982年8月3日授予Radel等人的名称为“Resilient Plastic Web ExhibitingFiber-Like Properties”的美国专利4,342,314、1984年7月31日授予Ahr等人的名称为“Macroscopically Expanded Three-Dimensional Plastic WebExhibiting Non-Glossy Visible Surface and Cloth-Like Tactile Impression”的美国专利4,463,045和1991年4月9日授予Baird的名称为“MultilayerPolymeric Film”的美国专利5,006,394。其它合适的顶片可依照下列专利制造:分别于1986年9月2日和1986年12月16日授予Curro等人的美国专利4,609,518和4,629,643。这些成型膜可以“DRI-WEAVE”购自TheProcter & Gamble Company,Cincinnati和以“CLIFF-T”购自总部在Richmond的Tredegar Corporation。
优选地,为了使穿着者的皮肤与吸收芯28所包含的液体相隔离,顶片24的至少一部分由疏水材料制成或经过疏水处理。如果顶片24是由疏水材料制成,优选地要将顶片24上表面的至少一部分处理成是亲水的,以便液体能更迅速地透过顶片。通过用表面活性剂处理或将表面活性剂掺入到顶片内可使顶片24具有亲水性。用表面活性剂处理顶片24的合适方法包括用表面活性剂喷涂顶片24材料和/或将材料浸渍到表面活性剂中。这种处理和亲水性的更详细的讨论包含在下列专利中:1991年1月29日授予Reising等人的名称为“Absorbent Articles with Multiple LayerAbsorbent Layers”的美国专利4,988,344和1991年1月29日授予Reising的名称为“Absorbent Articles with Rapid Acquiring Absorbent Cores”的美国专利4,988,345。一些将表面活性剂掺入预片24的合适方法的更详细讨论可见于1997年7月1日以Aziz等人的名义公布的美国法定发明登记H1670。可供选择地,顶片24可包括疏水多孔纤维网或多孔薄膜。这可通过从制造工艺中删除亲水处理步骤和/或给顶片24施加疏水处理剂来实现,例如象SCOTCHGUARD这类聚四氟乙烯或如下所述的疏水洗剂组合物。在这种实施方案中,孔足够大以便诸如尿液的含水流体可不受明显阻碍地渗透是优选的。
吸收芯28可包括任何一种吸收材料,该材料一般为可压缩的、适形的、对穿着者皮肤无刺激的,并且能够吸收和保留液体(如尿液和其它某些身体流出物)的吸收材料。吸收芯28可制成各种尺寸和形状(例如,矩形、沙漏形、“T”形、不对称形等),还可包括多种液体吸收材料,所述液体吸收材料通常用于一次性尿布和其它吸收制品中,例如通常称为透气毡的粉碎的木浆。其它合适吸收材料的实施例包括绉纱纤维素填料;熔喷聚合物,包括共成型;化学硬化、改性或交联的纤维素纤维;薄纸,包括薄纸包装材料和薄纸层压体;吸收泡沫;吸收海绵;超吸收粉末聚合物;吸收胶凝材料;或其他任何已知的吸收材料或材料的组合。
吸收芯28的构型和构造也可改变(例如,吸收芯或其它吸收结构可具有变化的厚度区、亲水梯度、超吸收粉末梯度、或较低平均密度和较低平均基重的采集区;或可包括一个或多个层或结构)。用作吸收芯28的示例性吸收结构描述于下列专利中:1986年9月9日授予Weisman等人的名称为“High-Density Absorbent Structures”的美国专利4,610,678、1987年6月16日授予Weisman等人的名称为“Absorbent Articles With Dual-LayeredCores”的美国专利4,673,402、1989年5月30日授予Alemany等人的名称为“High Density Absorbent Members Having Lower Density and Lower BasisWeight Acquisition Zones”的美国专利4,834,735、1989年12月19日授予Angstadt的名称为“Absorbent Core Having A Dusting Layer”的美国专利4,888,231、1992年8月11日授予Herron等人的名称为“Absorbent StructureContaining Individualized,Polycarboxylic Acid Crosslinked Wood PulpCellulose Fibers”的美国专利5,137,537、1992年9月15日授予Young等人的名称为“High Efficiency Absorbent Articles For Incontinence Management”的美国专利5,147,345、1994年8月30日授予Roe的名称为“DisposableAbsorbent Article For Low-Viscosity Fecal Material”的美国专利5,342,338、1993年11月9日授予DesMarais等人的名称为“Absorbent Foam MaterialsFor Aqueous Body Fluids and Absorbent Articles Containing Such Materials”的美国专利5,260,345、1995年2月7日授予Dyer等人的名称为“Thin-Until-Wet Absorbent Foam Materials For Aqueous Body Fluids AndProcess For Making Same”的美国专利5,387,207和1997年7月22日授予DesMarais等人的名称为“Absorbent Foam Materials For Aqueous FluidsMade From High Internal Phase Emulsions Having Very High Water-To-OilRatios”的美国专利5,625,222。
尿布20也可包括扣紧系统40。扣紧系统40优选保持第一腰区36和第二腰区38为一种构型,以便在尿布20的周围提供将尿布20保持在穿着者身上的侧向张力。紧固系统40优选地包括诸如带状突出部之类的扣件、钩和环扣紧组件、诸如突出部和狭缝之类的互锁扣件、扣环、按钮、按扣和/或雌雄同体的扣紧组件,但是任何其它已知的扣紧部件通常也是可以接受的。一些示例性表面扣紧系统公开于下列专利中:1974年11月19日授予Buell的名称为“Tape Fastening System for Disposable Diaper”的美国专利3,848,594、1987年5月5日授予Hirotsu等人的名称为“AbsorbentArticle”的美国专利B1 4,662,875、1989年7月11日授予Scripps的名称为“Disposable Diaper Having An Improved Fastening Device”的美国专利4,846,815、1990年1月16日授予Nestegard的名称为“Disposable DiaperWith Improved Hook Fastener Portion”的美国专利4,894,060、1990年8月7日授予Battrell的名称为“Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Fastener And Methodof Making Same”的美国专利4,946,527、上文参考的1992年9月9日授予Buell的美国专利5,151,092和1993年6月22日授予Buell的美国专利5,221,274。示例性互锁扣紧系统公开于2002年8月13日以Kline等人的名义公布的名称为“Absorbent Article Fastening Device”的共同未决的美国专利6,432,098中。扣紧系统40也可提供用于以配置构型固定制品的部件,如1990年10月16日授予Robertson等人的美国专利4,963,140所公开的。如1987年10月13日授予Toussant等人的名称为“Disposable DiaperHaving An Improved Side Closure”的美国专利4,699,622中所公开,扣紧系统也可包括主扣紧系统和次扣紧系统,
测试方法
弹性性质的滞后测试
综述
此测试测量:a)弹性阻力(在25%伸长率的载荷),b)力弛豫,和c)侧片区的变形百分比。理想的是,样品尺寸应当为2.54cm宽×5.08cm长,拉伸方向是长尺寸方向。此外,理想的是,标距应当为2.54cm。因为各区域可能存在几何尺寸的变化,需要采用不同的样本宽度和/或长度并将结果规一化到理想的样本基准。一旦样品制备好后,就按照预定方案将其拉伸以提供性质测定的数据。
设备
拉伸试验机:商业恒速伸展拉伸试验机,购自Instron EngineeringCorp.,Canton,MA或SINTECH-MTS Systems Corporation,Eden Prairie,MN(或类似的拉伸试验机)可能是适合的。将该仪器与用于控制试验速度和其它试验参数以及用于采集、计算和报告数据的计算机连接。
测力传感器选择适于本测试的夹具和测力传感器;夹具应当足够宽以适合样品,典型使用2.54cm的夹具;选择测力传感器使得测试样品的预期张力响应在测力传感器量程或使用载荷范围的25%和75%之间,典型使用1kN测力传感器;
样品切割器具体的样品切割器由所需的样品宽度决定。适合的切割器购自Thwing-Albert Instrument Co.,Philadelphia,PA。对于2.54cm宽的样品,JDC 1-10型号是适合的。
样本制备
从侧片上沿着可见或结构差别所限定的边界裁切腰、胯和腿区。从单个区域内切下2.54cm宽乘5.08cm长的每个区域的样品。如果单个区域小于这些尺寸,则样品应包括整个区域。确定该样品在夹具内的方向,以确保样品是沿所述区域的纵向进行拉伸。如果单个区域的力太小无法在拉伸试验机上测量,则取自多个产品的相同区域的几个样品放在拉伸试验机的夹具之间一起拉伸,然后将数据规一化至单个区域基准。
方法
滞后的测量在标准实验室条件(25℃±2℃和约50%±2.0%的相对湿度)下进行。
确定弹性体构件滞后的程序包括以下步骤:
1.依照生产商的说明校准测试仪。
2.设定标距为2.54cm,或适合于待测样品;设置松弛预载荷为0.05N。
3.将样品置于夹具的平直表面上,使样品的纵向中心线基本平行于隔距方向。
4.设定夹头速度为25.4cm/min的恒定速度。
5.启动夹头运动,试验机开始同时记录载荷和应变数据。
滞后测试具体涉及以下步骤:
a)以25.4cm/min的恒速伸长样品至25%应变-记录下在25%伸长率时的力;
b)使样品能够在该应变下保持2分钟-记录下在所述2分钟开始和结束时的力;
c)以25.4cm/min的恒速将样品复原到0%应变;
d)使样品能够在该应变下保持1分钟;和
e)在5.08cm/min的恒速下拉长样品至0.1N载荷-记录下在0.1N时的应变(即,足以消除松弛然而很小至多足够赋予样品不明显伸长的力)。
计算和记录的结果
1.根据从步骤5(a)采集的数据,将25%应变时的载荷记作该材料的弹性阻力。
2.根据步骤5(b)采集到的数据,使用以下公式用2分钟保持时间开始和结束时的载荷确定载荷松弛:
3.根据步骤5(e)采集到的数据,使用以下公式计算变形百分比:
4.对于每个测试区域,记录三个重复样品的平均结果。
可用应变
这旨在测定样品的可用应变。可用应变是在载荷-伸长曲线上出现弯曲的点,超过该点,进一步伸长该样品所需的载荷量迅速增加。图5显示了一种示例性的力(F(N/cm))-伸长率(E(%))曲线。如其中所示,从载荷伸长曲线720上确定可用应变为曲线上阶段1部分720a与曲线阶段2部分720c的直线外推的交点720b。
方法
1.样品依照上述的滞后性测试进行制备。
2.重复滞后性测试的步骤1-4。
3.开始十字头运动。试验机开始同时记录载荷相对于应变(伸长百分比)的数据;
4.继续伸长样品直到以下任一种情况:
a)样品破裂;或
b)达到了测力传感器的力限。
5.绘出力/伸长率数据产生一条与图5所示曲线类似的曲线。
6.如所示的那样外延阶段1和阶段2部分来确定可用应变。
7.报告由所测试的每各区域的三个重复样品产生的平均值。
所有在发明详述中引用的文献的相关部分以引用方式并入本文中。任何文献的引用均不可理解为对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。就引入本文以供参考的文件中的术语的任何含义和定义来说,将以在本书面文件中赋予给术语的任何含义和定义为准。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明,但对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下可作出许多其他的变化和修改。因此,有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (20)
1.一种围绕穿着者下体穿着的一次性吸收制品,所述一次性吸收制品具有相对的纵向侧边、相对的端边、第一腰区、第二腰区、以及夹置在所述第一腰区和所述第二腰区之间的裆区,所述一次性吸收制品包括:
侧片,所述侧片将所述第一腰区连接到所述第二腰区上并与所述相对的端边和所述相对的纵向侧边组合形成腰部开口和一对腿部开口;每个侧片具有包括腰区、胯区和腿区的三个区域,其中每个区域在结构上、功能上或视觉上不同。
2.如权利要求1所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述结构差别包括材料种类、活化图案、厚度、粘合图案、材料层以及它们的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述功能差别包括硬度、弯曲模量、弹性模量、延展性、力弛豫、变形、恢复速率、扭转模量、压缩模量、可压缩性、摩擦系数、表面能以及它们的组合。
4.一种围绕穿着者下体穿着的一次性吸收制品,所述一次性吸收制品具有一对相对的纵向侧边、相对的端边、第一腰区、第二腰区、以及夹置在所述第一腰区和所述第二腰区之间的裆区,所述一次性吸收制品包括:
顶片;
底片;
设置在所述顶片和所述底片之间的吸收芯;和
单独连接到相对的纵向侧边上的可拉伸侧片,所述可拉伸侧片将所述第一腰区连接到所述第二腰区上并与所述相对的端边和所述相对的纵向侧边组合形成腰部开口和一对腿部开口;每个侧片具有包括腰区、胯区和腿区的三个区,其中每个区域在结构上、功能上或视觉上不同。
5.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述视觉差别包括颜色、纹理、图案、厚度、不透明性、反射性、光泽、皱曲尺寸、皱曲间距、皱曲频率以及它们的组合。
6.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述结构差别包括材料种类、活化图案、厚度、粘合图案、材料层以及它们的组合。
7.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述功能差别包括硬度、弯曲模量、弹性模量、延展性、力弛豫、变形、恢复速率、扭转模量、压缩模量、可压缩性、摩擦系数、表面能以及它们的组合。
8.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述三个区域中的每一个在结构上和视觉上不同。
9.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述三个区域中的每一个在功能上和视觉上不同。
10.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述三个区域中的每一个在结构上和功能上不同。
11.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述三个区域中的每一个在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同。
12.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述三个区域中的两个在结构上、功能上和视觉上相同但与第三区域在结构上、功能上或视觉上不同。
13.如权利要求4所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述侧片包括零应变弹性层压体。
14.如权利要求13所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述侧片包括内表面和外表面,并且其中所述腰区或所述腿区或者所述腰区和所述腿区两者包括连接到所述外表面、所述内表面或所述内表面和所述外表面两者上的弹性元件。
15.如权利要求14所述的一次性吸收制品,其中所述弹性元件包括在预应变状态下连接到所述腰区或所述腿区或者所述腰区和所述腿区两者上并允许松弛以形成皱褶或聚拢的活动拉伸层压体。
16.一种围绕穿着者下体穿着的一次性尿布,所述一次性尿布包括内侧面向身体表面、外侧面向衣服表面、相对的端边、相对的纵向侧边、第一腰区、第二腰区、以及夹置在所述第一腰区和所述第二腰区之间的裆区,所述一次性尿布包括:
顶片;
底片;
设置在所述顶片和所述底片之间的吸收芯;
一对侧片,每个侧片包括第一纵向边缘、与所述第一纵向边缘相对的第二纵向边缘、以及包括腰区、胯区和腿区的三个区,其中每个侧片的第一纵向边缘连接到所述第二腰区中的相对的纵向侧边中的一个上,并且其中所述腰区、所述胯区和所述腿区在结构上、功能上或视觉上不同;
一对可弹性收缩的衬圈腿箍,其邻近所述裆区中相对的纵向侧边设置,其中所述可弹性收缩的衬圈腿箍中的每一个均延伸到所述对应侧片的腿区中;
可弹性收缩的弹性腰部组件,其邻近所述端边设置在所述第二腰区中,其中所述可弹性收缩的弹性腰部组件延伸到每个所述侧片的腰区中;
非弹性延伸元件,其连接到所述侧片的第二纵向边缘上,覆盖所述腰区、所述胯区和所述腿区的至少一部分;和
扣件,其接合到所述非弹性延伸元件上,其中所述扣件可重复扣紧地连接到所述面向衣服表面上,形成腰部开口和一对腿部开口。
17.如权利要求16所述的一次性尿布,其中所述视觉差别包括颜色、纹理、图案、厚度、不透明性、反射性、光泽、皱曲尺寸、皱曲间距和皱曲频率。
18.如权利要求16所述的一次性尿布,其中所述结构差别包括材料种类、活化图案、厚度、粘合图案、材料层以及它们的组合。
19.如权利要求16所述的一次性尿布,其中所述功能差别包括硬度、弯曲模量、弹性模量、延展性、力弛豫、变形、恢复速率、扭转模量、压缩模量、可压缩性、摩擦系数、表面能以及它们的组合。
20.如权利要求16所述的一次性尿布,其中每个所述侧片中的腰区和腿区在视觉上、结构上和功能上相同,并且其中所述腿区和腰区与所述胯区在结构上、功能上和视觉上不同。
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- 2006-12-15 JP JP2008545243A patent/JP5107255B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-15 CA CA2795635A patent/CA2795635A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-15 CA CA2724131A patent/CA2724131C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-15 WO PCT/IB2006/054900 patent/WO2007069225A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-15 EP EP06842565A patent/EP1959898A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-15 CN CNA2006800473155A patent/CN101330892A/zh active Pending
- 2006-12-15 CA CA2633282A patent/CA2633282C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
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- 2008-08-28 US US12/199,927 patent/US7919669B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-03-25 US US13/071,776 patent/US8697937B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
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- 2012-06-04 US US13/487,714 patent/US8697938B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2014
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2017
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US11432973B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2022-09-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hip-to-side silhouettes for boxer brief type disposable absorbent articles and arrays |
US11432972B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2022-09-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Length-to-side silhouettes for bikini/low rise brief type disposable absorbent articles and arrays |
US11857401B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2024-01-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hip-to-side silhouettes for boxer brief type disposable absorbent articles and arrays |
Also Published As
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US8558053B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
US7432413B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
CA2724128C (en) | 2013-02-19 |
CA2633282A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US20080319410A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
CA2724131A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US20110172629A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
US20170224547A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
JP2009518160A (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
US20070142806A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US20120245545A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
CA2724128A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
JP5107255B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
CA2724131C (en) | 2013-02-19 |
US9662250B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
CA2795635A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2007069225A3 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
US20140171897A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
US20080319409A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
CA2633282C (en) | 2011-02-08 |
US7863498B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
US8697937B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
WO2007069225A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US20120245546A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
US7919669B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
US8697938B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
EP1959898A2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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