CN101198762A - Earth-boring bits - Google Patents
Earth-boring bits Download PDFInfo
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- CN101198762A CN101198762A CN 200580019693 CN200580019693A CN101198762A CN 101198762 A CN101198762 A CN 101198762A CN 200580019693 CN200580019693 CN 200580019693 CN 200580019693 A CN200580019693 A CN 200580019693A CN 101198762 A CN101198762 A CN 101198762A
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- Prior art keywords
- gear wheel
- roller gear
- main body
- carbide
- drill main
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1068—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
Abstract
The present invention relates to compositions and methods for forming a bit body for an earth-boring bit. The bit body may comprise hard particles, wherein the hard particles comprise at least one carbide, nitride, boride, and oxide and solid solutions thereof, and a binder binding together the hard particles. The binder may comprise at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, and iron, and, optionally, at least one melting point reducing constituent selected from a transition metal carbide in the range of (30) to (60) weight percent, boron up to (10) weight percent, silicon up to (20) weight percent, chromium up to (20) weight percent, and manganese up to (25) weight percent, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the binder. In addition, the hard particles may comprise at least one of (i) cast carbide (WC + W2C) particles, (ii) transition metal carbide particles selected from the carbides of titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, and tungsten, and (iii) sintered cemented carbide particles.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of earth-boring bits (earth-boring bit) and produce earth-boring bits.More specifically, the present invention relates to earth-boring bits main body, roller gear wheel (roller cone), the roller gear wheel of inserting (insertroller cone), the gear wheel that is used for roller gear wheel earth-boring bits and tooth and formation earth-boring bits main body, roller gear wheel, the roller gear wheel of inserting, the gear wheel that is used for roller gear wheel earth-boring bits and the method for tooth.
The application is the continuation part of the U.S. Patent application No.10/848437 of submission on May 18th, 2004, and it requires the priority of the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/556063 of submission on April 28th, 2004.
Background technology
Earth-boring bits can have fixing or rotatable cutting element.The earth-boring bits that has fixed cutter typically comprises drill main body, and it is by being formed by machine by steel or by advancing such as cast carbide (WC+W as the adhesive permeation of acid bronze alloy
2C), the hard particles bed of tungsten carbide (WC) and/or sintered bond carbide and making.Several cutting inserts are fixed on the precalculated position of drill main body to optimize cutting ability.Drill main body can be fixed tightly on the steel handle, and described steel handle typically comprises the threaded connector, by this connector drill bit is fastened on the driving shaft of down-hole motor or on the drill collar of the remote location of drill string.
Steel main body drill bit typically becomes desirable shape from round steel through machining, has pattern and internal feature.Can the application surface hardening technique and high-abrasive material is applied on the surface of drill main body and on the surface of other key areas of drill main body.
Using hard particles and adhesive to make in the conventional method of drill main body, by grinding or cut a mould to limit the exterior surface feature of drill main body.Also may need extra hand grinding or clay technology to produce or the shape characteristic of finishing bit main body.
In case mould is finished, in the mill, preformed steel bit handle can be arranged in the chamber of mould, strengthens this drill main body and pin connector matrix is provided with inside.Other sand, graphite, transition or refractory metal base are inserted, and replace inserting of other inside of part, chip area or drill main body or pattern also can insert in the cavity of mould such as limiting internal fluid channels, cutting element bag, ridge, platform, nozzle.Any inserting must be placed on the accurate position, to guarantee the correct location in final drill bit such as cutting element, nozzle, chip area.
The hard particles of Xi Wanging is placed in the mould and is loaded into the density of hope then.Use the adhesive permeation hard particles of fusion then, described adhesive and form solid-state drill main body, it comprises the hard particles of discontinuous phase among the continuous phase that is in adhesive.
Drill main body can be assembled with other earth-boring bits assembly then.For example, thread handle can weld or otherwise be fixed tightly on the drill main body, and the cutting element or the (cemented tungsten carbide typically of inserting, perhaps diamond or synthesised polycrystalline body diamond powder sintering body (PDC)), such as bonding by brazing, adhesive, perhaps the mode of mechanical attachment is fixed tightly in the cutting insert bag.Alternately, if adopt heat-staple PDC (TSP), then cutting insert can be combined on the surface of drill main body in calcining or process of osmosis.
The rotatable earth-boring bits that is used for oil gas drilling comprises the sintered-carbide cutting insert traditionally, and it is attached on the gear wheel, and the latter forms the part of roller gear wheel assembling drill bit, perhaps comprises the grinding tooth that forms on cutting members by machining.The grinding tooth typically carries out case hardening by the tungsten carbide in the alloy steel matrix.The roller gear wheel bores the ground head main body and makes with alloy steel usually.
Earth-boring bits typically is fixed tightly in the terminal part of drill collar, and the latter rotates near the down-hole motor above the drill bit from face of land rotation or by being positioned at drill collar.Fluid that gets out or earth are pressed down to the drill collar of hollow by pump and pump from the nozzle that is formed on the drill main body.Fluid that gets out or earth are along with drill bit rotation cooling and lubricated drill bit and also take the material under the bit cutting out of the face of land.
Other elements of drill main body and earth-boring bits bear the wearing and tearing of many forms when abominable subsurface environment operation.In the most general wear form is corrosion wear, and it causes owing to contacting with the rock structure of abrasion.In addition, the probing earth that has been full of the rock stripping and slicing causes the corrosive wear of drill bit.
Be not only the function of the wearing character that PDC or sintered-carbide insert the application life of earth-boring bits, and be the function of the wearing character of drill main body (under the situation of fixing cutting members drill bit) or gear wheel (under the situation of roller gear wheel).A kind of mode that prolongs earth-boring bits application life is that the material that adopts the combination of intensity, toughness and erosion resistant/etching characteristic to be improved is made drill main body or gear wheel.
Therefore, have the demand of improving the drill main body that is used for earth-boring bits, described drill main body has abrasion resistance, intensity and the toughness of raising.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to be formed for the synthetic of the drill main body of earth-boring bits.This drill main body comprises hard particles, and wherein hard particles comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide and oxide and their solid solution; And the adhesive that hard particles is bonded together.Hard particles can comprise at least a transition metal carbide of selecting from the carbide of titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium and tungsten or their solid solution.Hard particles can exist with form independent or mixed carbide and/or sintered bond carbide.The embodiment of adhesive can comprise select at least a from metallic cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy.In a further embodiment, adhesive may further include from accounting for transition metal carbide up to 60 weight %, account for one or more transition elements up to 50 weight %, account for carbon up to 5 weight %, account for boron up to 10 weight %, account for silicon up to 20 weight %, account for up to the chromium of 20 weight % and accounting at least a reduction fusing point component of selecting the manganese up to 25 weight %, and wherein wt % is based on the gross weight of adhesive.In one embodiment, adhesive comprises the tungsten carbide that accounts for 40-50 weight % and accounts at least a in iron, brill and the nickel of 40-60 weight %.In order to realize purpose of the present invention, transition elements is defined as the element that belongs to IVB, VB and group vib in the periodic table.
The another kind of embodiment that forms the synthetic of matrix comprises hard particles and adhesive, and wherein the fusing point of adhesive is between 1050 ℃ to 1350 ℃.Adhesive can be to comprise at least a alloy in iron, cobalt and the nickel and may further include at least a in transition metal carbide, transition elements, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium, manganese, silver, aluminium, copper, tin and the zinc.More preferably, adhesive can be at least a alloy at least a and tungsten carbide, tungsten, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium and the manganese that comprises in iron, cobalt and the nickel.
Further embodiment of the present invention is the synthetic that forms matrix, and this synthetic comprises the hard particles of transition metal carbide; And comprise at least a adhesive in nickel, iron and the cobalt, and fusing point is lower than 1350 ℃.Adhesive further comprises at least a in transition metal carbide, tungsten carbide, tungsten, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium, manganese, silver, aluminium, copper, tin and the zinc.
In making the drill main body process, hard particles and optionally inserting can be placed in the drill main body mould.This is inserted and can be attached to by any method in the parts of the present invention.For example, this is inserted and can add in the mould before filling mould with powdered-metal or hard particles, and any the inserting that exists can be used the adhesive permeation of fusion, and it solidifies the formation solid matrix, and it comprises the hard particles of the discontinuous phase in the continuous phase that is in adhesive.Embodiments of the invention also comprise the method for goods of the tooth of formation such as the drill main body that is used for earth-boring bits, roller gear wheel and roller gear wheel, but are not limited thereto.One embodiment that forms the parts method can comprise that wherein hard particles comprises at least a transition metal carbide with a large amount of hard particles of adhesive permeation, and adhesive comprises that at least a and fusing point in nickel, iron and the cobalt is lower than 1350 ℃.Another kind of embodiment comprises such method, and it comprises the hard particles that comprises at least a transition metal carbide with the adhesive permeation of fusing point between 1050 ℃ to 1350 ℃ in a large number.Adhesive can comprise at least a in iron, nickel and the cobalt, and wherein the total concentration of iron, nickel and cobalt accounts for the 40-99 weight % of binder wt.Adhesive may further include at least a in selected transition metal carbide, tungsten carbide, tungsten, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium, manganese, silver, aluminium, copper, tin and the zinc, and its concentration will reduce the fusing point of iron, nickel and/or cobalt effectively.Adhesive can be eutectic or near eutectic mixture.The reduction fusing point of adhesive helps correctly permeating a large amount of hard particles.
The further embodiment of the present invention is the method for producing earth-boring bits, comprises the mixture casting earth-boring bits with at least a and transition metal carbide in iron, nickel and the cobalt of fusion.This mixture can be eutectic or closely eutectic.In these embodiments, earth-boring bits can directly be cast and need not permeate a large amount of hard particles.
Unless otherwise, the numeral of the quantity of all expression batchings, time, temperature or the like should be understood to be changed by term " roughly " in all cases in this manual and the claim.Therefore, unless indicate on the contrary, be quantity roughly at the digital parameter described in the following description book and the claim, the characteristic that it can the hope of the realization of pursuing according to the present invention and changing.At least, be not to attempt the use of equivalent principle is limited within the scope of the claims, each digital parameter should be at least according to the quantity of the significant digits of being reported and by using common stipulations technology to explain.
Though digital scope and the parameter set in the broad range in the present invention all are similar to, the value of the quantity of being reported in specific example is as far as possible accurately.But any amount value can comprise some error naturally, and it is inevitable because the standard deviation that produces in their correspondence experimental measurement.
The reader will be below having considered the detailed description of the embodiment of the invention after and understand aforesaid details of the present invention and advantage and other.The reader also can realize and/or use the embodiment in the scope of the invention to understand extra details of the present invention and advantage afterwards.
Description of drawings
By the feature and advantage that the present invention may be better understood with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross sectional views of embodiment of the drill main body of earth-boring bits;
Fig. 2 is from the figure as a result of two cycle DTA of sample of 900 ℃ to 1400 ℃ comprise about 45% tungsten carbide and about 55% cobalt under the temperature increment rate at 10 ℃/minute under the argon atmosphere;
Fig. 3 is from the figure as a result of two cycle DTA of sample of 900 ℃ to 1300 ℃ comprise about 45% tungsten carbide, about 53% cobalt and about 2% boron under the temperature increment rate at 10 ℃/minute under the argon atmosphere;
Fig. 4 is from the figure as a result of two cycle DTA of sample of 900 ℃ to 1400 ℃ comprise about 45% tungsten carbide, about 53% nickel and about 2% boron under the temperature increment rate at 10 ℃/minute under the argon atmosphere;
Fig. 5 is from the figure as a result of two cycle DTA of sample of 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃ comprise about 96.3% nickel and about 3.7% boron under the temperature increment rate at 10 ℃/minute under the argon atmosphere;
Fig. 6 is from the figure as a result of two cycle DTA of sample of 900 ℃ to 1300 ℃ comprise about 88.4% nickel and about 11.6% silicon under the temperature increment rate at 10 ℃/minute under the argon atmosphere;
Fig. 7 is from the figure as a result of two cycle DTA of sample of 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃ comprise about 96% cobalt and about 4% boron under the temperature increment rate at 10 ℃/minute under the argon atmosphere;
Fig. 8 is from the figure as a result of two cycle DTA of sample of 900 ℃ to 1300 ℃ comprise about 87.5% cobalt and about 12.5% silicon under the temperature increment rate at 10 ℃/minute under the argon atmosphere;
Fig. 9 is the microphoto that mainly comprises the material that the adhesive of cobalt and boron produces by infiltration in a large amount of hard particles bodies;
Figure 10 is the microphoto that mainly comprises the material that the adhesive of cobalt and boron produces by infiltration in a large amount of hard particles bodies;
Figure 11 is the microphoto that mainly comprises the material that the adhesive of cobalt and boron produces by infiltration in a large amount of hard particles bodies;
Figure 12 is the microphoto that mainly comprises the material that the adhesive of cobalt and boron produces by infiltration in a large amount of hard particles bodies;
Figure 13 is the microphoto that mainly comprises the material that the adhesive of cobalt and boron produces by infiltration in cast carbide particles and sintered-carbide are inserted in a large number;
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of drill main body of the present invention;
Figure 15 a, 15b and 15c are the bull stick fatigue data curve maps that can be used for the synthetic of the embodiment of the invention, embodiments of the invention comprise and have roughly the FL-25 of the adhesive of 25 volume % (Figure 15 a), have roughly the FL-30 of the adhesive of 30 volume % (Figure 15 b) and have roughly the FL-35 of the adhesive of 35 volume % (Figure 15 c); With
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of roller gear wheel of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention relate to the method that the drill main body that is used for forming earth-boring bits, the roller gear wheel that is used for the roller gear wheel, the synthetic of inserting roller gear wheel, gear wheel and tooth and manufacturing are used for the drill main body of these goods.In addition, this method can be used to make other goods.Some embodiment of drill main body of the present invention comprise at least one discontinuous hard mutually with the bonding continuous bonding together of hard mutually.The embodiment of synthetic of the present invention and method provides the application life that increases for drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel, tooth and the gear wheel of being produced by described synthetic and method, thus and the application life of having improved earth-boring bits or other instruments.The material of main part of drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel, gear wheel provides overall permanence for each zone of described goods.
Fig. 1 shows the fixedly typical drill main body 10 on cutting members brill ground.Generally, drill main body 10 comprises linkage 11 that is arranged on the handle 12 and the white space 12A that is combined in drill main body 10.Handle 12, white space 12A and pin can independently be made with continuous bonding by alloy steel or at least a discontinuous hard separately mutually mutually, and linkage 11, handle 12 and white space 12A can be connected to drill main body by any method, for example brazing, be threaded, pin, keyway, shrink-fit, adhesive, diffusion be in conjunction with, interference engagement or method of attachment other any machineries or chemistry, but be not limited thereto.Yet, the same with other parts of drill main body in an embodiment of the present invention, comprise that the handle 12 of linkage can be made by the identical or different hard particles synthetics in alloy steel or the adhesive.So, drill main body 10 can be constructed to such an extent that have a plurality of zones, and each zone comprises for example hard particles or the adhesive of variable concentrations, composition and crystalline size.This makes can need adjust the characteristic of goods specific region according to specific application scenario.So, goods can so design, thus each regional characteristic or composition can be between the zones of different of goods suddenly or progressive change.The example drill main body 10 of Fig. 1 comprises three zones.For example, top area 13 comprises the discontinuous hard phase of tungsten and/or tungsten carbide, and middle phase 14 comprises thick casting tungsten carbide (W
2C, WC), the discontinuous hard phase of tungsten carbide and/or sintered bond carbide particle, bottom section 15 if present, comprises the discontinuous hard phase of smart casting carbide, tungsten carbide and/or sintered bond carbide particle.Drill main body 10 also comprises bag 16 along the bottom of drill main body 10, and cutting is inserted and can be arranged in this bag.Directly be combined in the drill main body by mould when bag can work as inserting of in drill main body manufacture process combination, perhaps when after drill main body is finished, for example inserting, be combined in the drill main body by green base of machining or brown base by above-mentioned brazing or other methods of attachment connection.Drill main body 10 also comprises any other traditional shape characteristic of internal fluid channels, ridge, platform, nozzle, chip area and earth-boring bits main body.Alternatively, these shape characteristics can be by implementing to insert qualification, and what for example be positioned at correct position on the drill main body mould inserts 17.Embodiments of the invention comprise and contain the drill main body that sintered-carbide is inserted.In traditional drill main body, hard-phase particles be combined in acid bronze alloy for example brass or the bronze matrix in.The embodiment of drill main body of the present invention comprises new adhesive or with new adhesive manufacturing, for drill main body is introduced improved mar proof, intensity and toughness.
The manufacturing process of the hard particles in the adhesive generally comprises fixed metallurgical powder (being generally particulate pottery and binding metal) to form green base.Can use the powder consolidation technology of having utilized conventional art, for example mechanically or hydraulic pressure extruding rigid mould and wet bag or the isobaric extruding of dry bag.Then, can presintering or the green base of tight burning with further fixed and this powder of densification.Presintering only can produce local fixed closely knit with part.Green base can be in being lower than final sintering operation carries out presintering to produce presintering blank (" brown base ") under the temperature of the Da Wendu of institute.Compare with the goods of final sintering, brown base has low relatively hardness and intensity, but is significantly higher than green base.In manufacture process, the goods machinable is the goods of green base, brown base or tight burning.Usually, in fact the workability than tight burning goods is good for the workability of green or brown base.If the tight burning parts are difficult to that machining maybe needs to polish rather than machining satisfies the final tolerance of required yardstick, then green base of machine or brown base have superiority.Also can adopt the means of other improvement parts workability, for example add the hole of machining additive with the sealing blank, additive commonly used is a polymer.At last, can in traditional vacuum drying oven or with high pressure, in Sen Dehaipu (SinterHip) stove, carry out sintering by liquidus temperature.Blank can be at overvoltage sintering under the pressure of 300-2000psi and under 1350-1500 ℃ the temperature.The presintering of blank and sintering make that sliding agent is removed, oxide reduces, closely knit and microstructural.As mentioned above, after sintering, drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel can further carry out suitable machining or polishing to form final structure.
The present invention also comprises the method that a kind of production has the drill main body in the zone of different qualities synthetic, roller gear wheel, inserts roller gear wheel or gear wheel.The embodiment of this method comprises first metallurgical powder is placed in first white space in the mould, second metallurgical powder is placed in second white space of mould.Mould is divided into two or more zones in certain embodiments, can be by for example placing physical separation thing such as paper or polymeric material in the white space of mould with each zone separately.Can after fixed and sintering, select metallurgical powder so that the cemented carbide material with above-mentioned desired characteristic to be provided.In another embodiment, at least a portion first metallurgical powder and second metallurgical powder are arranged to contact with each other and do not have separator in mould.In metallurgical powder, can use wax or other adhesives to form each zone, thereby need not the physical separation thing with auxiliary.
Goods with gradual change variation characteristic or synthetic also can be by forming in the first area that for example first metallurgical powder is placed on mould.Then, the second portion of mould can be filled with the metallurgical powder that comprises first metallurgical powder and the second metallurgical powder mixture.Mixture causes described goods to have a specific character that has same characteristic in the goods that form by first and second metallurgical powders separately at least.This technology can repeat up to the synthetic gradient of expectation or till the synthetic structure realizes in mould, and will and finish with second metallurgical powder filling die region usually.This implementation of processes example also can use or not use physical separation thing ground to carry out.Different materials can also be filled in extra zone, for example the 3rd metallurgical powder or or even the goods of the copper alloy of front infiltration.Then, thus mould is pushed with fixed metallurgical powder by equipressure and forms blank.The sintering blank forms spontaneous combination with further closely knit blank and between the zone subsequently.
As previously mentioned, can use any adhesive, for example nickel, cobalt, iron and nickel, cobalt, ferroalloy.In addition, in certain embodiments, being used for making the fusing point that the adhesive of drill main body has can be between 1050 ℃ and 1350 ℃.As used in this, fusing point or fusion temperature are the solidus of specific synthetic.In other embodiments, adhesive is at least a alloy that comprises in cobalt, iron and the nickel, and wherein the fusing point of alloy is less than 1350 ℃.In other embodiment of synthetic of the present invention, synthetic comprises at least a and reduction fusing point component in cobalt, nickel and the iron.Pure cobalt, nickel and iron are characterised in that high-melting-point (roughly 1500 ℃), cobalt, iron or the nickel that therefore is difficult to realize in a particular manner pure fusion in the hard particles bed infiltration and do not form too much hole or the metallographic of not expecting.Yet,, can use at least a alloy in cobalt, iron, the nickel if comprise at least a reduction fusing point component of q.s.Reducing the fusing point component can be one of them following kind, be transition metal carbide, transition elements, tungsten, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium, manganese, silver, aluminium, copper, tin, zinc and other elements, they can add the addition that can fully reduce the adhesive fusing point alone or in combination to, form drill main body to use adhesive effectively by method for selecting.If the characteristic of adhesive, for example, fusing point, melt viscosity and seepage distance make drill main body can cast to such an extent that do not have mushy words, then can use adhesive to form drill main body effectively.Preferably, reducing the fusing point component is at least a in transition metal carbide, transition metal, tungsten, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium and the manganese.Preferably, can be in conjunction with two or more above-mentioned reduction fusing point components to obtain effectively to permeate the adhesive of a large amount of hard particles.For example, can add tungsten and carbon together and produce bigger reduction fusing point effect, and in this case, tungsten and carbon add with the form of tungsten carbide to form than adding tungsten separately.Other reduce the fusing point component and can add with similar mode.
One or more reduce fusing point components so that an adhesive form effective any amount ground can be separately or combine with other adhesive components and to add, with the production drill main body.In addition, can so add one or more and reduce the fusing point component so that adhesive becomes eutectic or nearly eutectic synthetic.Provide the adhesive with eutectic or nearly eutectic concentration of component to guarantee that adhesive has low fusing point, this helps pouring into a mould and to the infiltration of hard particles bed.In certain embodiments, preferably, it is following weight % based on total binder wt that one or more that exist in the adhesive reduce fusing point components: tungsten can be up to 55%, carbon can be up to 4%, boron can be up to 10%, silicon can be up to 20%, chromium can be up to 20%, manganese can be up to 25%.In some other embodiment, preferably, it is following one or more weight % based on the weight % of total binder wt that one or more that exist in the adhesive reduce fusing point components: tungsten can be 30-55%, carbon and can be 1.5-4%, boron and can be that 1-10%, silicon can be 2-20%, chromium can be 2-20%, and manganese can be 10-25%.In some other embodiment of synthetic of the present invention, reducing the fusing point component can be for accounting for the tungsten carbide of 30-60% weight %.Under some pouring condition and binder concn, all or a part of tungsten carbide will be separated out from adhesive when solidifying and will be formed the hard phase.This hard of separating out can be any hard phase except showing as hard particles in the mould mutually.Yet if in mould or in portion's section of mould hard particles is not set, all hard-phase particles in drill main body or the drill main body portion section can form like the tungsten carbide of separating out in cast sections.
The embodiment of goods of the present invention can comprise 50% or the hard particles or the hard phase of more volume; in certain embodiments; preferably; the hard particles or the hard phase that comprise the 50-80 volume % that accounts for goods; more preferably; for these embodiment, comprise the hard phase of the 60-80 volume % that accounts for goods.So, in certain embodiments, adhesive can comprise 50 volume % less than goods mutually, or preferably accounts for the 20-50 volume % of goods.In certain embodiments, adhesive can comprise the 20-40% volume % of goods.
Embodiments of the invention also comprise drill main body that is used for earth-boring bits with transition metal carbide and other goods, and wherein drill main body comprises the carbide volume percentage greater than 75 volume %.Because method of the present invention, embodiment will be described below, and now, might prepare the drill main body with for example this tungsten carbide percentage by volume.The embodiment of this method comprises that with adhesive permeation tungsten carbide hard particles bed this adhesive is the eutectic or the nearly eutectic synthetic of one of them kind in cobalt, iron, nickel and the tungsten carbide.Can believe, if utilize the eutectic of the tungsten carbide that melts or at least a infiltration tungsten bed in nearly eutectic component and cobalt, iron and the nickel, can produce the drill main body of the tungsten carbide concentration of the discontinuous phase that comprises up to 95 volume % by method of the present invention.On the contrary, the traditional permeating method that is used for producing drill main body can only be used for producing the drill main body with the most about 72 volume % tungsten carbides.The inventor determines that if use the eutectic of tungsten carbide or at least a infiltration in nearly eutectic synthetic and cobalt, iron and the nickel, then the tungsten carbide volumetric concentration in Zhu Zao drill main body and other goods can be 75% to 95%.At present, owing to load the difficulty of hard particles piece densely with the restriction and the infiltration of hard particles loading density (packing density) in mould, so limited the percentage by volume that is formed on the hard phase in the drill main body.Yet carbide precipitate has been avoided these difficulties from the penetration adhesive that comprises eutectic or nearly eutectic.After adhesive solidifies, in cooling procedure, form extra hard phase by from the bleeding agent of fusion, separating out in the drill main body mould.Therefore, situation about being realized compared if lack the tungsten carbide that dissolves with the adhesive that melts, and formed the hard phase of higher concentration in drill main body.With the hot-melt adhesive/bleeding agent component that is in eutectic or nearly eutectic allow in drill main body and other goods than before the hard phase of the higher volume % of existence.
Be attached in the drill main body by sintered-carbide is inserted, the tungsten carbide volume % in the drill main body can increase extraly.Bag, ridge, platform, nozzle substituted thing, chip area that sintered-carbide is inserted and can be used to form fluid passage, cutting element, perhaps other drill main body pattern perhaps only provides structural support, rigidity, toughness, intensity or abrasion resistance at select location for main body or support.If adopt the preparation of conventional sintering carbide technology, then traditional sintered-carbide is inserted and can be comprised the tungsten carbide of 70-99 volume %.Any known sintered-carbide all can be as inserting in the drill main body, all sintered-carbides as described, be at least a carbide ingredient in titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and the tungsten in the adhesive at least a in cobalt, iron and the nickel, but be not limited thereto.As known in the state of the art, in sintered-carbide, can there be other alloy addition.
The embodiment that forms the synthetic of drill main body also comprises at least a hard particles type.As mentioned above, drill main body can also comprise the various zones of the hard particles with dissimilar and/or concentration.For example, the drill main body 10 among Fig. 1 can comprise bottom stage 15, and it has the more wear-resisting discontinuous hard phase material of relative fine particle size, and middle part 14, and it has the harder discontinuous hard phase material of relative big particle size.The hard of any section mutually or hard particles can comprise carbide, nitride, boride, oxide, cast carbide, sintered-carbide, they mixture and their solid solution at least a.In certain embodiments, hard can comprise mutually and comprises sintered-carbide at least a in titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and the tungsten.Sintered-carbide can have any suitable particle size or shape, such as irregular shape, sphere, oblateness and prolate shape, but is not limited thereto.
The sintered-carbide grade that has a tungsten carbide in the adhesive of cobalt has the combination of commercial tempting intensity, fracture toughness and abrasion resistance.Stress when " intensity " is material fracture or inefficacy." toughness " is the ability that absorbs energy and plastic strain before the material fracture.Area under toughness and the stress-strain diagram between from the initial point to the breakaway poing is proportional.Referring to McGraw-Hill Dictionary of ScientificAnd Technical Terms (5
ThEd.1994)." abrasion resistance " is that material bears the ability to its damaged surfaces.Wearing and tearing are usually directed to the loss gradually of the material that causes owing to relatively moving between material and contact surface or the material.Referring to Metals Handbook Desk Edition (2d ed.1998)." fracture toughness " is in need the extend critical stress of this crackle and usually with " Critical Stress Intensity Factor " (K of crack tip
IC) represent.
The average grain size of the intensity of sintered-carbide, toughness and abrasion resistance and the hard phase of dispersion and to be present in volume (weight) percentage of the bonding phase in the conventional sintering carbide relevant.Usually the percentage by volume increase of increase of the average grain size of tungsten carbide and/or cobalt binder will cause fracture toughness to improve.Yet the raising of toughness is accompanied by the decline of abrasion resistance usually.Therefore the sintered-carbide metallurgist faces the challenge being the sintered-carbide that the application scenario of needs is developed high-wearing feature and high-fracture toughness when designing grade attempting.
Drill main body 140 among Figure 14 can comprise the portion's section with different component concentrations or composition, provides different characteristics with the ad-hoc location in main body, such as abrasion resistance, toughness or corrosion resistance.For example, around bit cutting insert insert pocket district 141 in 142 the zone, the outside of protecting footpath pad (gage pad) 143 or jet expansion zone 144, roller gear wheel blade zone or bizet 145 can comprise more wear-resisting material.In addition, the embodiment of drill main body of the present invention can have the zone of high tenacity, such as the interior zone of the interior zone of blade 146, roller gear wheel, at least handle or pin interior zone or near the zone of handle.The characteristic of the zones of different of drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel also can customize, thereby a kind of like this zone is provided, and it for example is easy to machine or corrosion-resistant.
The unique property that the embodiment of drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel can be included in conventional drill main body, roller gear wheel, can't obtain in insert roller gear wheel and the gear wheel.Produce the sample that is fit to synthetic of the present invention and supplied test.The nominal composition of sample is as shown in table 1.
| Sample | Cobalt, wt% | Nickel, wt% | WC，Wt％ |
| FL-25 | 15 | 10 | Remaining sum |
| FL-30 | 18 | 12 | Remaining sum |
| FL-35 | 21 | 14 | Remaining sum |
As seen, embodiments of the invention comprise such material of main part from table 2, and it has the cross-breaking strength greater than 300ksi.Comprise that having permeated the brass or the steel of bronze or the conventional drill material of main part of hard particles can't have cross-breaking strength high as embodiments of the invention.
Figure 15 a, 15b and 15c are fully oppositely bull stick fatigue data (the fully reversed Rotating Beam Fatigue Data) curves of sample that is fit to list in the synthetic of the embodiments of the invention in the table 1.As seen from the figure, the flexural stress of fullying invert of sample is 10
7Inferior circulation back is greater than 100ksi.
Several characteristics of the material of main part in the zone of earth-boring tools are for having made contribution the application life of instrument.These characteristics of material of main part comprise intensity, rigidity, wear-resistant or wear-resisting wiping and fatigue resistance, but are not limited thereto.Drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel can comprise that each all comprises different material of main parts more than a zone.Intensity is typically measured with cross-breaking strength or ultimate tensile strength.Rigidity can be measured with young's modulus of elasticity.The characteristic of embodiments of the invention and copper base matrix of the prior art is listed in table 2.As seen from the table, the TRS value of embodiments of the invention is greater than 250ksi, and TRS can be greater than 300ksi or even greater than 400ksi in certain embodiments.The young's modulus of elasticity of embodiments of the invention surpasses 55 * 10
6Psi, and preferably, for the application scenario of the specific higher rigidity of needs, the young's modulus of elasticity of embodiment is greater than 75 * 10
6Psi or even greater than 90 * 10
6Psi.Except helping TRS and young's modulus of elasticity value, embodiments of the invention comprise the hardness of increase by way of parenthesis.Embodiments of the invention can be customized to hardness greater than 65HRA, and perhaps by reducing the concentration of adhesive, for example the hardness of specific embodiment can increase to and be higher than 75HRA or in the embodiment that determines even greater than 85HRA.
Measure according to ASTM B611, the abrasion resistance of material of main part of the present invention can be greater than 1.0 or greater than 1.4.In the zone of application scenario of determining or earth-boring tools, the embodiment of material of main part of the present invention can have the abrasion resistance of 2-14.
Embodiments of the invention comprise such material of main part, and it also comprises and is applicable to drill main body, roller gear wheel, the property combination of inserting roller gear wheel and gear wheel.For example, embodiments of the invention can comprise such material of main part, and its cross-breaking strength is greater than 200ksi, and perhaps greater than 250ksi, young's modulus of elasticity is greater than 40 * 10 simultaneously
6Psi.Other embodiment of the present invention can comprise such material of main part, its fatigue resistance greater than 30ksi simultaneously young's modulus of elasticity greater than 30 * 10
6Psi.Such property combination makes the probing goods of certain applications have and is longer than the application life that tradition is drilled goods.
Table 2
Material behavior relatively
The prior art method of testing
| Characteristic | Carbide 6-16 %Co | Carbide (FL30) | Parent (wide in range) | |
| Density, g/cm 3 | 13.94-14.95 | 12.70 | 10.0-13.5 | Standard |
| Wearing and tearing | 2-14 | 1.47 | Free of data | ASTM B611-85 |
| TRS，ksi | 300-500 | 339 | 100-175 | ASTMB-406-96 |
| Compression, ksi | 400-800 | 388 | 136-225 | ASTM E0-89 |
| Limit of proportionality, ksi | 125-350 | 69 | 28-54 | |
| Modulus, * 10 6psi | 75-95 | 60 | 27-50 | ASTM E494-95 |
| Hardness | 84-92HRA | 78HRA | 10-50HRC | ASTM B94-92 |
In addition, the certain embodiments of synthetic of the present invention can comprise 30-90 volume % hard mutually and the bonding of 5-70 volume % mutually.The zone of the isolation of drill main body can comprise hard phase concentration scope widely, for example the hard phase of 30-99 volume %.This can be arranged on the ad-hoc location in the mould by for example that loading density is different hard particles or realize by before cast drill main body or other goods sintered-carbide being inserted to be placed in the mould.In addition, drill main body can form more than a kind of adhesive by pouring into a mould in mould.
Comprise that by the permeating method manufacturing difficulty of the drill main body that contains adhesive at least a in cobalt, iron and the nickel or support is because the relative high melt point of cobalt, iron and nickel, each fusing point under atmospheric pressure of these materials is about 1500 ℃.In addition, because cobalt, iron and nickel have higher dissolubility for tungsten carbide when liquid state, so when casting earth-boring bits main body, be difficult to when will permeating the carbide particle bed, to prevent the premature solidification of the cobalt tungsten carbide or the nickel tungsten carbide alloy of for example fusion.Even use such as the high temperature that is higher than 1400 ℃ in process of osmosis, this phenomenon also can cause forming pin hole in foundry goods.
By cobalt tungsten carbide eutectic or nearly eutectic synthetic (tungsten carbide of 30-60% and the cobalt of 40-70% that uses prealloy, by weight), the embodiment of method of the present invention can overcome the difficulty relevant for the infiltration foundry goods synthetic of cobalt, iron and nickel.For example, the fusing point with cobalt alloy of the tungsten carbide concentration that is about 43 weight % is about 1300 ℃.Referring to Fig. 2.Eutectic or nearly eutectic alloy phase are for the lower fusing point of cobalt, iron and nickel, add eutectic or the nearly insignificant freezing range of eutectic synthetic, can promote the manufacturing of diamond drill machine head main body and the cemented tungsten carbide gear wheel and the roller gear wheel of cobalt carbide-tungsten base greatly.The for example eutectic of cobalt tungsten carbide, nickel tungsten carbide, cobalt nickel tungsten carbide and ferrotungsten carbide alloy or closely eutectic mixture, synthetic than brass base or bronze base, under equal abrasion resistance/corrosion resistance grade, can expect to show higher intensity and toughness grade far away.These alloys also can be expected and can be carried out machine with traditional cutting element.
The specific embodiment of method of the present invention comprises a large amount of hard particles of adhesive permeation that utilizes eutectic or nearly eutectic synthetic, described synthetic comprises at least a and tungsten carbide in cobalt, iron and the nickel, and wherein the fusing point of adhesive is lower than 1350 ℃.As the concentration of the key component that means synthetic in this used nearly eutectic concentration in 10 weight % of the eutectic concentration of this component.The eutectic concentration of tungsten carbide in cobalt is about 43 weight %.The eutectic synthetic is known and is easy to be estimated by those skilled in the art.Can in mould, exist or not exist under the situation of hard particles, implement the cast of eutectic or nearly eutectic synthetic.Yet preferably, after solidifying, this synthetic forms the hard tungsten carbide of separating out mutually and bond mutually.Adhesive may further include alloy addition, such as at least a in boron, silicon, chromium, manganese, silver, aluminium, copper, tin and the zinc.
Embodiments of the invention can comprise in one aspect with several diverse ways makes main body and gear wheel by eutectic or nearly eutectic synthetic.The example of these methods comprises:
1. utilize fusion bleeding agent infiltration hard particles bed or a large amount of hard particles, wherein said hard particles comprises mixture at least a in transition metal carbide particle and cobalt, iron and the nickel (promptly, sintered-carbide), described bleeding agent is eutectic or a nearly eutectic synthetic at least a in carbide and cobalt, iron and the nickel.
2. utilize fusion bleeding agent infiltration transition metal carbide particles bed or a large amount of described particle, wherein said bleeding agent is eutectic or a nearly eutectic synthetic at least a in carbide and cobalt, iron and the nickel.
3. cast carbide is shaped or near-net-shape is the shape of drill main body, roller gear wheel or gear wheel such as fusion eutectic at least a in carbide and cobalt, iron and the nickel or nearly eutectic synthetic are clean.
4. powder adhesives and hard particles are mixed, mixture is placed in the mould, heat this powder, cool off then this material is poured into the shape of earth-boring bits main body, roller gear wheel or gear wheel to the temperature that is higher than the adhesive fusing point.This so-called " cast-in-site " method can allow to use the relatively low adhesive of ability of a large amount of hard particles of infiltration, and reason is that adhesive mixes with hard particles before fusing, therefore only needs short seepage distance to form goods.
In ad hoc approach of the present invention, the infiltration hard particles can comprise in funnel and loads adhesive, melts this adhesive, then this adhesive is incorporated in the mould that is placed with hard particles and optionally inserts.Aforesaid adhesive can be eutectic or nearly eutectic synthetic or can comprise at least a and at least a reduction fusing point component in cobalt, iron and the nickel.
Another kind of method of the present invention comprises the eutectic or the nearly eutectic mixture of preparation mould and cast at least a and hard phase component in cobalt, iron and the nickel.When the eutectic mixture cooled off, hard can be separated out from mixture mutually to form the hard phase.This method is useful for the tooth that forms roller gear wheel and three roller gear wheels.
Another kind of method of the present invention relates to cast-in-site, as mentioned above.The example of this embodiment comprises mould of preparation, the mixture of hard particles and adhesive is joined in this mould, and heat this mould to the melt temperature that is higher than described adhesive.This method has caused drill main body, roller gear wheel and has been used for the cast-in-site of the tooth of three vertebra drill bits.When the adhesive permeation distance of expection is not enough to when permeating hard particles fully traditionally, this method is preferred.
Hard particles or hard can comprise one or more in carbide, oxide, boride and the nitride mutually, and bonding can have the group VIII metal, i.e. one or more formations in cobalt, nickel and/or the iron mutually.The pattern of hard phase can be irregular shape, etc. axle shape or spheric granules, fiber, must crystalline substance, platelet, prism or any useful shape.In certain embodiments, used cobalt, iron and the nickel alloy of the present invention can comprise additive, such as boron, chromium, silicon, aluminium, copper, manganese or ruthenium, and can be in total amount up to the ductile continuous phase of 20 weight %.
The Fig. 2 to Fig. 8 that comprises is (DTA) curve of differential thermal analysis (DifferentialThermal Analysis) of the embodiment of adhesive of the present invention.Fig. 2 comprises the sample of about 45% tungsten carbide and about 55% cobalt (all percentages be weight % unless otherwise) in argon gas atmosphere, with two the cycle DTA result curve of 10 ℃/minute temperature rates of rise from 900 ℃ to 1400 ℃.The fusing point that this curve illustrates alloy is about 1339 ℃.
Fig. 3 is the sample that comprises about 45% tungsten carbide and about 53% cobalt and about 2% boron, in argon gas atmosphere, with two the cycle DTA result curve of 10 ℃/minute temperature rates of rise from 900 ℃ to 1300 ℃.The fusing point that this curve illustrates alloy is about 1151 ℃.The DTA of the alloy in Fig. 2 replaces about 200 ℃ of the fusing point that about 2% cobalt has reduced the alloy among Fig. 3 with boron.
Fig. 4 is the sample that comprises about 45% tungsten carbide and about 53% nickel and about 2% boron, in argon gas atmosphere, with two the cycle DTA result curve of 10 ℃/minute temperature rates of rise from 900 ℃ to 1400 ℃.The fusing point that this curve illustrates alloy is about 1089 ℃.The DTA of the alloy in Fig. 2 replaces about 60 ℃ of the fusing point that cobalt has reduced the alloy among Fig. 3 with nickel.
Fig. 5 is the sample that comprises about 96.3% nickel and about 3.7% boron, in argon gas atmosphere, with two the cycle DTA result curve of 10 ℃/minute temperature rates of rise from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃.The fusing point that this curve illustrates alloy is about 1100 ℃.
Fig. 6 is the sample that comprises about 88.4% nickel and about 11.6% silicon, in argon gas atmosphere, with two the cycle DTA result curve of 10 ℃/minute temperature rates of rise from 900 ℃ to 1300 ℃.The fusing point that this curve illustrates alloy is about 1150 ℃.
Fig. 7 is the sample that comprises about 96% cobalt and about 4% boron, in argon gas atmosphere, with two the cycle DTA result curve of 10 ℃/minute temperature rates of rise from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃.The fusing point that this curve illustrates alloy is about 1100 ℃.
Fig. 8 is the sample that comprises about 87.5% cobalt and about 12.5% silicon, in argon gas atmosphere, with two the cycle DTA result curve of 10 ℃/minute temperature rates of rise from 900 ℃ to 1300 ℃.The fusing point that this curve illustrates alloy is about 1200 ℃.
Fig. 9 to Figure 11 shows the pattern with the material of the embodiment formation of method of the present invention.Fig. 9 is that described adhesive is made up of the eutectic mixture of cobalt and boron basically by the electron micrograph of the SEM (SEM) of pouring into a mould the material that such adhesive makes, and wherein boron accounts for about 4 weight % of adhesive.Light color phase 92 is Co
3B and dark 91 be cobalt basically mutually.Cobalt and boron mixture melt when being heated to about 1200 ℃, are cooled to room temperature and curing then in air.
Figure 10 to Figure 12 is the different test specimens of the microstructure made with identical materials and the SEM electron micrograph of different aspect.This material is by forming with the adhesive permeation hard particles.Hard particles is such cast tungsten carbide aggregate (W
2C, WC), it comprises this material of about 60-65 volume %.This aggregate is by adhesive permeation, and described adhesive comprises the cobalt of about 96 weight % and the boron of 4 weight %.About 1285 ℃ of infiltration temperature.
Figure 13 inserts 131 and the pattern of the material made with comprising a large amount of cast carbide particles 130 of adhesive permeation of cobalt and boron and sintered-carbide.In order to make material shown in Figure 13, with before comprising a large amount of hard cast carbide of the adhesive permeation particle 130 of cobalt and boron, the sintered-carbide of diameter about 3/4 " highly about 1.5 " inserted 131 to be placed in the mould.As can be seen from Fig. 13, the adhesive of infiltration and sintered-carbide adhesive mix, and have formed successive substrates 132, and its carbide with cast carbide and sintered-carbide combines.
In addition, case hardening can append in the embodiments of the invention.The position that case hardening can append to drill main body, roller gear wheel, will improve abrasion resistance on insert roller gear wheel and the gear wheel.For example, roller gear wheel 160 as shown in figure 16, can be included in the case hardening on a plurality of teeth 161, the most advanced and sophisticated point 162.The drill main body that is used for the roller gear wheel also can comprise case hardening, such as centering on the zone of nozzle arbitrarily.With reference to Figure 14, drill main body for example can comprise at nozzle 144, protect the footpath fills up 143 and the case hardening in insert pocket 141 zones.Typical hardfacing materials comprises the tungsten carbide that is in the alloy steel matrix.
Should be appreciated that existing description shows relevant for being expressly understood some aspects of the present invention of the present invention.Therefore for being tangible each particular aspects to those skilled in the art among the present invention, be helpless to understand better the present invention, for simplifying this explanation, these aspects are narration not.Though embodiments of the invention are illustrated, those of ordinary skill in the art after having considered above stated specification, will be appreciated that and can adopt many changes of the present invention and distortion.All these distortion of the present invention and change should be covered by above stated specification and subsidiary claim.
Claims (65)
1. a drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Material of main part, it comprises:
Hard particles, it comprises in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution at least a; With
Adhesive, wherein said adhesive comprise at least a in cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy.
2. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, adhesive further comprises at least a reduction fusing point component, it is from least a transition metal carbide, boride or up to the silicide of 60 weight %, up to the transition metal of 50 weight %, up to the boron of 10 weight %, up to the silicon of 20 weight %, up to selecting the chromium of 20 weight % and the manganese up to 25 weight %, wherein wt % is based on the gross weight of adhesive.
3. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, reduce the fusing point component and be tungsten carbide, the tungsten that accounts for 30-55 weight %, the carbon that accounts for 1.5-4 weight %, the boron that accounts for 1-10 weight % that account for 30-60 weight %, account for the chromium of 2-20 weight % and account at least a in the manganese of 10-25 weight %.
4. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, hard particles is independent monocrystal, polycrystal particle, solid solution, comprise the polycrystalline particle of two or more phases and comprise the sintered particles of adhesive, do not comprise at least a in the sintered particles of adhesive.
5. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that hard particles comprises at least a transition metal carbide of selecting from titanium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, ramet, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide and tungsten carbide.
6. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, reduce the fusing point component and be on adhesive gross weight basis at least a in carbide, boride and the silicide in 30-60 weight % scope.
7. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, adhesive comprises the tungsten carbide that accounts for 40-50 weight % and accounts at least a in iron, cobalt and the nickel of 40-60 weight %, the binding agent based gross weight of all wt %.
8. drill main body as claimed in claim 7, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises tungsten carbide that accounts for 40-50 weight % and the cobalt that accounts for 40-60 weight %, the binding agent based gross weight of all wt %.
9. drill main body as claimed in claim 8, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises that further binding agent based gross weight accounts at least a up in the boron of 10 weight % and the silicon.
10. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, reduce the silicon that gross weight that the fusing point component is based on adhesive accounts for 2-20 weight % scope.
11. drill main body as claimed in claim 7, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises tungsten carbide that accounts for 40-50 weight % and the nickel that accounts for 40-60 weight %, the binding agent based gross weight of all wt %.
12. drill main body as claimed in claim 11, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that adhesive comprises that further binding agent based gross weight accounts for the boron up to 10 weight %.
13. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises that binding agent based gross weight accounts at least a in the nickel of at least 80 weight %, iron and the cobalt.
14. drill main body as claimed in claim 13, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive further is included in binding agent based gross weight and accounts for silicon up to 20 weight %.
15. drill main body as claimed in claim 13, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive further is included in binding agent based gross weight and accounts for boron up to 10 weight %.
16. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises nickel that accounts for 90-99 weight % and the boron that accounts for 1-10 weight %, the binding agent based gross weight of all wt %.
17. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, wherein adhesive comprises cobalt that accounts for 90-99 weight % and the boron that accounts for 1-10 weight %, the binding agent based gross weight of all wt %.
18. drill main body as claimed in claim 2, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive is included in binding agent based gross weight and accounts for reduction fusing point component up to 60 weight %.
19. drill main body as claimed in claim 18, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, reduce the fusing point component and be at least a in tungsten carbide, chromium, boron, carbon and the silicon.
20. drill main body as claimed in claim 18, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, reduce the fusing point component and be a kind of in tungsten carbide, boron and the silicon.
21. one kind is used for drill main body, the roller gear wheel of earth-boring bits, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Hard particles, it comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution; With
Adhesive, the fusing point of wherein said adhesive is in 1050 ℃ of-1350 ℃ of scopes.
22. drill main body as claimed in claim 21, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, hard particles is with independent monocrystal, with the polycrystal particle, with solid solution, to comprise the polycrystal particle of two or more phases, perhaps exist with the form that has or do not have the sintered particles that cementitious additives assists.
23. drill main body as claimed in claim 21, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that carbide is at least a transition metal carbide of selecting from titanium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, ramet, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide and tungsten carbide.
24. drill main body as claimed in claim 23, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that the transition metal carbide of hard particles is a tungsten carbide.
25. drill main body as claimed in claim 21, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive is at least a alloy that comprises in iron, cobalt and the nickel.
26. drill main body as claimed in claim 24, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, adhesive further comprises from titanium carbide, ramet, niobium carbide, chromium carbide, molybdenum carbide, boron carbide, carbonized carbonaceous, at least a transition metal carbide of selecting in carborundum and the carbonization ruthenium.
27. drill main body as claimed in claim 21, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises at least a in silicon, transition metal carbide and the boron.
28. drill main body as claimed in claim 21, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that the concentration of transition metal carbide is in the scope of 30-90 volume % in synthetic.
29. drill main body as claimed in claim 21, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that the concentration of transition metal carbide is in the scope of 45-85 volume % in synthetic.
30. drill main body as claimed in claim 20, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel comprise that further at least a sintered-carbide inserts.
31. drill main body as claimed in claim 30, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, sintered-carbide is inserted and is comprised at least one cutting members bag.
32. drill main body as claimed in claim 21, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that hard particles comprises at least a in macrocrystalline tungsten carbide, low melting point tungsten carbide, sintering transition metal carbide, the broken cemented metal carbide.
33. drill main body as claimed in claim 32, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, hard particles is irregular shape, prolate shape, one or more shapes in spherical.
34. a drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
The hard particles of transition metal carbide; With
Adhesive, it comprises that at least a and fusing point in nickel, iron and the cobalt is lower than 1350 ℃.
35. drill main body as claimed in claim 34, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that transition metal carbide is at least a transition metal of selecting from titanium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, ramet, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide and tungsten carbide.
36. drill main body as claimed in claim 35, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that transition metal carbide is a tungsten carbide.
37. drill main body as claimed in claim 34, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive is at least a alloy that comprises in iron, cobalt and the nickel.
38. drill main body as claimed in claim 37, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that, adhesive further comprises at least a in transition metal carbide, tungsten, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium, manganese, silver, aluminium, copper, tin and the zinc, and its concentration wants to reduce at least a fusing point in nickel, iron and the cobalt.
39. drill main body as claimed in claim 38, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises at least a in tungsten carbide, boron, silicon, chromium and the manganese.
40. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, binder constitutes is greater than 20 volume % of synthetic.
41. drill main body as claimed in claim 40, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, 20 volume % of binder constitutes synthetic are to 60 volume %.
42. drill main body as claimed in claim 40, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, 20 volume % of binder constitutes synthetic are to 50 volume %.
43. drill main body as claimed in claim 40, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, 25 volume % of binder constitutes synthetic are to 40 volume %.
44. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that adhesive comprises at least a in transition metal carbide, transition elements, carbon, boron, silicon, chromium, manganese, silver, aluminium, copper, tin, rhenium, ruthenium and the zinc.
45. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, adhesive comprises at least a in cobalt and the nickel.
46. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that hard particles comprises crystal that comprises carbide and the adhesive that comprises cobalt.
47. a drill main body comprises:
Material of main part, it comprises hard particles, wherein said hard particles comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution;
Adhesive, wherein said adhesive comprise at least a in cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy; With
The handle of alloy steel.
48. a drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Have the material of main part of cross-breaking strength greater than 300ksi.
49. drill main body as claimed in claim 48, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises: hard particles, and it comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution; With
Adhesive, wherein said adhesive comprise at least a in cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy.
50. a drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Have cross-breaking strength greater than 280ksi and young's modulus of elasticity greater than 50 * (10)
6The material of main part of psi.
51. drill main body as claimed in claim 50, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Hard particles, it comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution; With
Adhesive, wherein said adhesive comprise at least a in cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy.
52. drill main body as claimed in claim 51, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Has young's modulus of elasticity greater than 60 * 10
6The material of main part of psi.
53. drill main body as claimed in claim 52, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Hard particles, it comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution; With
Adhesive, wherein said adhesive comprise at least a in cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy.
54. a drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Have 10 * 10
6Fatigue resistance after the inferior circulation is greater than the material of main part of 85ksi.
55. drill main body as claimed in claim 54, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Hard particles, it comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution; With
Adhesive, wherein said adhesive comprise at least a in cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy.
56. a drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Have fatigue resistance greater than 50ksi and modulus greater than 55 * (10)
6The material of main part of psi.
57. drill main body as claimed in claim 56, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises:
Hard particles, it comprises at least a in carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, oxide and their solid solution; With
Adhesive, wherein said adhesive comprise at least a in cobalt, nickel, iron and their alloy.
58. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it comprises at least two zones with different synthetics.
59. drill main body as claimed in claim 58, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, a zone has and is higher than another regional toughness at least.
60. drill main body as claimed in claim 59, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that the zone that toughness improves is the interior zone of blade, the interior zone of roller gear wheel, a part and at least one that centers in the zone of bar of bar.
61. drill main body as claimed in claim 58, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, a zone has and is higher than another regional abrasion resistance at least.
62. drill main body as claimed in claim 61, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel, it is characterized in that the zone with higher abrasion resistance is at least one in insert pocket zone, guarantor footpath pad area, roller gear wheel blade zone and the bizet outside.
63. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, hard particles accounts for 50 volume % greater than drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel.
64., it is characterized in that hard particles accounts for drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel volume % between 60% to 80% as the described drill main body of claim 63, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel.
65. drill main body as claimed in claim 1, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is characterized in that, the volume % of binder constitutes drill main body, roller gear wheel, insert roller gear wheel or gear wheel is between 20% to 35%.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56606304P | 2004-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | |
| US60/566,063 | 2004-04-28 | ||
| US10/848,437 | 2004-05-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101198762A true CN101198762A (en) | 2008-06-11 |
Family
ID=39548370
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200580019693 Pending CN101198762A (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2005-04-28 | Earth-boring bits |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101198762A (en) |
| UA (1) | UA93350C2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200608656B (en) |
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| CN103526100A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 无锡阳工机械制造有限公司 | Alloy bit with exceptional hardness and preparation technology of alloy bit |
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- 2005-04-28 CN CN 200580019693 patent/CN101198762A/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200608656B (en) | 2009-04-29 |
| UA93350C2 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
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Application publication date: 20080611 |