CN101194440A - 用于自适应分区的信道质量报告 - Google Patents

用于自适应分区的信道质量报告 Download PDF

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CN101194440A
CN101194440A CNA2006800209434A CN200680020943A CN101194440A CN 101194440 A CN101194440 A CN 101194440A CN A2006800209434 A CNA2006800209434 A CN A2006800209434A CN 200680020943 A CN200680020943 A CN 200680020943A CN 101194440 A CN101194440 A CN 101194440A
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cqi
pilot tone
user
wave beam
pilot
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CN101194440B (zh
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达纳恩杰伊·阿肖克·戈尔
阿列克谢·戈罗霍夫
季庭方
阿莫德·卡恩德卡尔
塔梅尔·卡杜斯
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
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Abstract

本发明阐述使用波束成形传输增强无线通信系统中的性能的设备及方法。根据一个方面，监控信道质量。信道质量指示符可用于针对一个或多个用户装置选择调度技术，例如，空分多路复用(SDM)、多输入多输出(MIMO)传输及机会波束成形。此外，所述CQI可用于确定适当的波束指派或更新波束图。

Description

用于自适应分区的信道质量报告
根据35 U.S.C§119主张优先权
本专利申请案主张优先于2005年4月19日申请的标题为“CHANNEL QUALITYREPORTING FOR ADAPTIVE SECTORIZATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS”的临时申请案第60/672,575号及2005年8月22日申请的第60/710,419号，所述专利受让于本文的受让人，且因此明确地以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
一般来说，以下说明涉及无线通信，且尤其涉及用于无线通信系统的通信方案。
背景技术
无线连网系统已变成一种大多数人借以在全世界范围内进行通信的流行装置。为满足消费者的需要并提高便携性及方便性，无线通信装置已变得更小且功能更强大。消费者已发现例如移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)及诸如此类的无线通信装置具有许多用途，从而要求可靠的服务及扩大的覆盖区域。
典型的无线通信网络(例如，采用频分、时分及码分技术)包括一个或多个提供覆盖区域的基站及一个或多个可在所述覆盖区域内传输及接收数据的移动(例如，无线)用户装置。典型基站可同时传输多个用于广播、多播及/或单播服务的数据流，其中数据流是用户装置感兴趣的可独立接收的数据流。所述基站的覆盖区域内的用户装置可能对接收由所述复合流所载送的一个或多个或全部数据流感兴趣。同样，用户装置可向所述基站或另一个用户装置传输数据。基站与用户装置之间或者各用户装置之间的这种通信可能会因信道变化及/或干扰功率变化而降级。举例来说，上述变化可能会影响对一个或多个用户装置的基站调度、功率控制及/或速率预测。
可通过使用从所述基站通信到所述移动装置的波束成形传输来增强无线通信系统的性能。可使用多个位于基站处的传输天线来形成波束成形传输。波束成形传输(也称为波束)通常覆盖此使用单个传输天线的传输更狭窄的区域。波束可视为允许从常规三扇区系统产生虚拟六扇区系统的虚拟扇区。然而，所述波束所覆盖区域内的信号-干扰-噪声比(SINR)增加。所述通信系统可利用固定或预定组的波束。尽管所述固定波束图可被更新或适应，但与波束控制系统相反，固定波束系统中的波束不根据个别用户装置动态地更新。
通常，用户装置应被指派适当的波束以优化信道性能。此外，所述波束成形系统可利用各种基于空分、频分或时分的调度技术。所述系统应选择技术或技术的组合来优化信道性能及(因此)系统性能。因而，在此项技术中需要一种用于监控信道质量以优化波束及传输技术的选择的系统及/或方法。
发明内容
下文提供对一个或多个实施例的简要概述，以提供对所述实施例的基本了解。所述概述并非是对所有所涵盖实施例的广泛概述，且既不打算表示所有实施例的关键或紧要元件，也不打算界定任何或所有实施例的范围。其唯一目的是以简要形式提供一个或多个实施例的某些概念来作为下文所提供的更详细说明的前序。
根据一个或多个实施例及其对应的揭示内容，下文将结合使用波束成形传输来增强无线通信系统中的性能来阐述各个方面。根据一个方面，监控所述信道质量。信道质量指示符可用于选择用于一个或多个用户装置的调度技术，例如，空分多路复用(SDM)传输、多输入多输出(MIMO)传输及机会波束成形。此外，CQI可用于确定适当的波束指派或更新所述波束图。
为此，本文阐述一种用于无线通信环境的性能的方法。所述方法可包括：产生第一导频；传输所述第一导频；及至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)。所述方法还可包含至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置。另外，所述方法可包含基于所述至少一个CQI将用户装置指派到波束。所述方法还可包含：产生第二导频；在第二波束上传输所述第二导频；及至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI。此外，所述方法可包含：接收导频；至少部分地基于所述导频确定CQI；及将所述CQI传输到基站。
根据再一个方面，一种用于无线通信的设备可包含处理器及与所述处理器相耦合的存储器，所述处理器经配置以：产生第一导频、传输所述第一导频及至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个CQI。所述处理器还可经配置以至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置。另外，一种设备可包含处理器，所述处理器经配置以：接收导频；至少部分地基于所述导频确定至少一个CQI；及将所述CQI传输到基站。
根据另一个方面，一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的设备可包含：用于产生第一导频的装置、用于传输所述第一导频的装置及用于至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)的装置。所述设备还可包含：用于产生第二导频的装置、用于在第二波束上传输所述第二导频的装置及用于至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI的装置。
再一个方面涉及一种具有存储于其上的计算机可执行指令的计算机可读媒体，所述计算机可执行指令用于：产生第一导频；传输所述第一导频；至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)；及至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置。此外，所述指令可包含：产生第二导频；在第二波束上传输所述第二导频；及至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI。
再一个方面涉及一种处理器，其执行用于增强无线通信环境的性能的指令，所述指令可包含：产生第一导频；传输所述第一导频；至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)；及至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置。另外，所述指令可包含：产生第二导频；在第二波束上传输所述第二导频；及至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI。
另一个方面阐述了一种移动装置，其可包含：产生第一导频的组件、传输所述第一导频的组件及接收至少一个至少部分地基于所述第一导频的信道质量指示符(CQI)的组件。此外，所述装置是蜂窝式电话、智能电话、手持通信装置、手持式计算装置、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、膝上型计算机及PDA中的至少一者。
为实现上述及相关目的，所述一个或多个实施例包含多个在下文中将全面说明并在权利要求书中特别指出的特征。下文说明及附图详细阐述了所述一个或多个实施例的某些实例性方面。然而，这些方面仅表示各种可利用不同实施例原理的方式中的几种且所述实施例旨在包括所有此类方面及其等效物。
附图说明
图1是根据本文中所提供的一个或多个方面的无线通信系统的图解。
图2是根据本文中所提供的一个或多个方面的无线通信系统的图解。
图3图解根据本文所提供的各个方面的无线通信系统的波束图。
图4图解根据本文所提供的一个或多个方面的监控信道质量的方法。
图5图解根据本发明所提供的一个或多个方面的使用专用导频监控信道质量的方法。
图6图解根据本发明所提供的一个或多个方面的使用长期CQI监控信道质量的方法。
图7是根据本发明所提供的各个方面的系统的图解，所述系统监控信道质量以改进无线通信环境中的性能。
图8根据本发明所提供的各个方面的系统的图解，所述系统监控信道质量以改进无线通信环境中的性能。
图9是可与本文所述的各种系统及方法结合使用的无线通信环境的图解。
具体实施方式
现在将参照图式来描述各种实施例，其中自始终使用相同的参考编号来指代相同的元件。在下文说明中，出于解释的目的，阐述了诸多具体细节以便提供对一个或多个实施例的透彻了解。然而，显而易见，可在没有这些具体细节的情况下实施所述实施例。在其他实例中，以方块图的形式显示众所周知的结构和装置，以便于阐述一个或多个实施例。
此外，在本文中结合用户装置来说明各实施例。用户装置还可称作系统、订户单元、订户站、移动台、移动装置、远程站、存取点、基站、远程终端、存取终端、用户终端、终端、用户代理、或用户设备(UE)。用户装置可以是蜂窝式电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(SIP)电话、无线本地回路(WLL)站、PDA、具有无线连接能力的手持式通信或计算装置、智能电话、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、膝上型计算机、或其他连接到无线调制解调器的处理装置。
此外，本文所述的各种方面或特征可实施为方法、设备或使用标准编程及/或设计技术的制品。本文所用术语“制品”希望囊括可从任一计算机可读装置、载体或媒体存取的计算机程序。举例来说，计算机可读媒体可包括(但不限于)磁性存储装置(例如硬盘、软盘、磁条...)、光盘(例如，光盘(CD)、数字通用光盘(DVD)...)、智能卡、及闪速存储器装置(例如卡、棒、键驱动器)。
尽管本发明将波束成形论述为操作模式，但本发明及其内容可大体上应用于经预编码或经波束控制的传输。此可通过(例如)利用为用户调度的固定或预定矩阵或矢量来实施。
现在参照图1，图中图解根据本文所提供的各个实施例的无线通信系统100。系统100可包含一个或多个扇区内的一个或多个基站202，所述一个或多个基站202彼此及/或向一个或多个移动装置104接收、传输、中继等无线通信信号。每一基站102可包含多个发射器链及接收器链(例如，每一传输及接收天线一个发射器链及接收器链)，每一发射器链及接收器链又可包含多个与信号传输及接收相关联的组件(例如，处理器、调制器、多路复用器、解调器、多路分用器、天线等)。移动装置104可以是(例如)蜂窝式电话、智能电话、膝上型计算机、手持式通信装置、手持式计算装置、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、PDA、及/或任何其他适于在无线系统100上通信的装置。此外，每一移动装置104可包含(例如)用于多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的一个或多个发射器链及接收器链。如所属技术领域的技术人员所应了解，每一发射器及接收器链可包含与信号传输及接收相关联的多个组件(例如，处理器、调制器、多路复用器、解调器、多路分用器、天线等)。
现在参照图2，图中图解根据一个或多个实施例的多址无线通信系统200。3-扇区基站202包括多个天线组群，一个组群包含天线204及206、另一个组群包括天线208及210、且第三组群包括天线212及214。根据图式，图中显示每一天线组群仅具有两个天线，然而，每一天线组群可利用更多或更少的天线。通常，波束成形技术需要多个传输天线来传输波束。移动装置216与天线212及214通信，其中天线212及214在正向链路220上将信息传输到移动装置216且在反向链路218上从移动装置216接收信息。正向链路(或下行链路)是指从基站到移动装置的通信链路，而反向链路(或上行链路)是指从移动装置到基站的通信链路。移动装置222与天线204及206通信，其中天线204及206在正向链路226上将信息传输到移动装置222且在反向链路224上从移动装置222接收信息。
每一天线组群及所述天线经指定在其中进行通信的区域可称作基站202的扇区。在一个或多个实施例中，天线组群各自经设计以通信到基站202所覆盖区域或扇区内的移动装置。基站可以是用于与所述终端通信的固定站且还可称作存取点、节点B、或某些其他术语。
无线通信系统可包括与一个或多个用户装置联系的一个或多个基站。每一基站提供多个扇区的覆盖。与用户装置通信中，基站的传输天线可利用波束成形技术来改进用于不同移动装置的正向链路的信噪比。另外，与通过单个天线传输到其覆盖区域内所有移动装置的基站相比，使用波束成形向随机分散在其覆盖区域内的移动装置传输的基站对邻近小区/扇区内的移动装置造成较少干扰。一般来说，多个传输天线所产生的波束比单个天线的覆盖区域窄。尽管波束所覆盖区域内的用户装置经历增强的SINR，但空区域内的用户装置会经历低SINR，从而可能导致数据的丢失。一般来说，如果已利用单个传输天线来传输数据，则空区域内的用户装置会情况更糟。此外，如果位于波束中的用户装置选择错误的波束进行通信，则所述用户装置将经历与位于空区域中的用户装置相同的性能降级。
图3图解供根据本文所提供的一个或多个实施例的无线通信系统中使用的波束图300。基站传输天线可产生覆盖预定区域的波束，从而导致固定波束图。所述波束图可周期性的调整或所述图的调整可为事件驱动。举例来说，可基于用户装置与基站之间的通信的图来修改所述波束图。在图3中所图解的波束图中，基站302处的多个天线发射用于扇区308的第一固定波束304及第二固定波束306。为简单起见已将所示波束的数量限定为两个，然而可产生多个额外固定波束。波束可如图3中所示大致正交或所述波束的覆盖区域可重叠。用户U1及U2分别地位于波束306及304的覆盖区域中。因此，用户U1及U2经历增强的SINR，类似于波束控制系统中的用户所经历的益处。与此相反，用户U3及U4将经历极低的SNR，这是因为其位于波束306及304的空区域中。实际上，与利用单个传输天线相比，对用户U3及U4的性能可能为更糟。此外，如果用户装置选择错误的波束，则所述用户装置可经历降低的SINR。举例来说，用户装置U1位于第二波束306的覆盖区域中。然而，如果用户装置U1不正确地选择在第一波束304上传输或如果用户装置U1被基站指派给第一波束304，则所述用户装置将经历与如果所述用户装置位于空区域中相同的性能。
波束成形技术可用来提供扇区内的固定传输方向或可用来替代扇区。举例来说，波束图可在3-扇区基站的扇区内提供多个传输方向，从而产生虚拟6-扇区基站。当与各种调度技术组合时这种细分扇区的能力产生增强的系统容量。
波束成形传输可与多种不同的调度方案一起使用，其中包括空分多路复用(SDM)。SDM是一种用在多个天线通信系统中的技术，所述技术利用空间维度来支援额外用户装置进行数据传输。在空分多址系统(SDMA)系统中，基站可使用相同的频率同时向多个用户装置传输，其中所述用户装置被指派单独的波束。
多输入多输出(MIMO)及机会波束成形调度技术可同波束成形图一起使用。特别是，可使用MIMO调度具有良好状态的矩阵信道的用户装置。在MIMO系统中，在多个波束上同时且以相同频率调度对应于单个用户装置的多个数据流，因此增加了数据速率。与此相反，在机会波束成形(也称为波束选择)中，基站使用单个波束在既定组的频率及时间上向单个用户装置传输。在那些频率上及在那些时间没有其他波束用于向任何其他用户传输。
SDM、MIMO及机会波束成形可与频分系统(例如，正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统)一起使用。OFDMA系统将总系统带宽分割成多个正交子频带。这些子频带还称为音调(tone)、载波、子载波、频段(bins)及/或频率信道。每一子频带均与可使用数据调制的子载波相关联。OFDMA系统可使用时分及/或频分多路复用以在多个用户装置的多个数据传输中实现正交性。用户装置组群可被指派有单独的子频带，且每一用户装置的数据传输可在指派给所述用户装置的子频带上发送。可针对指派到不同频率区域的用户装置实施SDMA、MIMO及机会波束成形。
在波束成形传输系统中，波束成形技术可用来提供扇区内的固定传输方向或可用来替代扇区。举例来说，波束图可在3-扇区基站的扇区内提供多个传输方向，从而产生虚拟6-扇区基站。这种细分扇区的能力可导致系统容量增加。基站扇区所服务的用户装置可指示对既定波束的偏好。所述基站可使用SDM、MIMO、机会波束成形或任何其他调度方法在所述既定波束上调度与所述用户装置的传输。此外，具有固定波束图的波束成形允许基站同时利用SDM、MIMO及机会波束成形调度技术。举例来说，可使用SDM来调度空间正交的用户装置、可使用MIMO来调度具有良好状态的矩阵信道的用户装置且可使用机会波束成形来调度额外的用户。应注意，在预编码或波束控制的情况中，所示方向可以是所述波束的一个方向或主要方向。
参照图4-7，图中图解关于增加无线通信系统中的性能及容量的方法。举例来说，所述方法可关于在以下环境中使用波束成形：SDMA环境、FDMA环境中、OFDMA环境中、CDMA环境、WCDMA环境、TDMA环境、或任何其他适合的无线环境。尽管为简化解释起见，将所述方法显示及描述为一系列动作，然而应了解及理解，所述方法并不受限于动作次序，这是因为根据一个或多个实施例，某些动作可按不同于本文所示及所述的次序进行及/或与其他动作同时进行。例如，所属技术领域的技术人员将了解及知晓，一种方法可替代地表示为一系列(例如，状态图中的)相关的状态或事件。此外，实施根据一个或多个实施例的方法可能并不需要利用所有所示动作。
现参照图4，图中图解根据一个或多个方面的监控信道质量的方法400。在402，可将导频传输到用户装置。如本文所使用，导频是通常在通信系统中传输的信号，且可用于控制、同步或基准目的。在404可基于所接收的导频确定或估计信道质量指示符(CQI)。通常，CQI可以是所述信道的质量(例如，SINR)或在所述信道上可支持的速率。在确定所述CQI之后，在406可将其通信到基站。在408，所述CQI可用于确定针对一个或多个用户装置的调度技术及/或波束指派。在调度及指派确定中使用CQI可优化个别信道及总系统性能。
现在参照图5，图中图解根据一个或多个方面的传输专用导频的方法500。在专用导频系统中，基站针对扇区中的每一波束传输单独的导频。专用波束的使用允许确定每一波束的CQI。在502，产生用于特定波束的导频。在504，确定在所述扇区中是否存在额外波束。如果是，则所述方法回到502以产生用于下一波束的导频。如果否，则在506在所有所述导频的相应波束上传输所有所述导频。或者，可每次一个地计算及传输所有导频。在一个或多个方面中，可将所述导频存储在查找表中。与每次将要传输导频时产生所述导频相反，可在所述波束上传输之前从所述查找表读取所述导频。可周期性地重计算所述导频及更新所述查找表，或所述表的重计算及更新可为事件驱动。举例来说，可基于波束图的改变而更新导频。
将所述导频传输到所述用户装置向所述用户装置提供了确定每波束或虚拟扇区的CQI所必需的数据。所述导频允许进行宽带信道测量。所述导频还可用于当同时使用各个波束时重建所述信道。举例来说，当使用SDMA调度技术时，所述导频允许重建所述信道且计算所述SDMA CQI。当波束的数量小于扇区中的传输天线的数量时使用专用导频可能时尤其有效的。
在一个或多个方面中，共用导频可用于确定CQI。共用导频在所述扇区的每一传输天线上传输。可将所述传输天线瞄准数个方向。用户装置可基于一组波束权重来重建所述波束。当在所述波束图中存在多于可用传输天线的波束时共用导频的使用尤其是有用的。举例来说，在所述扇区中存在三个传输天线及八个波束的情况下，所述天线可瞄准三个单独的方向且用户装置可使用用于所述八个波束中的每一者的一组波束权重来重建所述波束。所述用户装置可所述共用导频并基于所述共用导频估计每一传输天线上的宽带信道。所述用户装置可重建所述信道及干扰且然后基于所述信道估计及用于适当波束的一组波束权重来计算所述CQI。在一个或多个实施例中，是使用一组改变特定传输符号或样本的相位、振幅或相位及振幅的权重来形成波束。可将这些权重存储于存储器的查找表中。可通过修改存储于所述查找表中的权重来更新所述波束图。所述波束权重可存储于查找表中以供CQI计算中使用。所述波束可以是固定的或者所述基站可使用开销信道用信号将一组波束权重发送到所述用户装置。当所述波束是固定的或改变非常慢，使所述波束权重不需要频繁地更新时所述共用导频的使用可能是尤其有效的。如果更新所述波束图，则所述基站应发信号到所述用户装置且发送/用信号发送所述经更新组的波束权重。应理解，如果所述用户装置已知所述波束权重，则无需将其传输到所述用户装置。
用户装置可利用共用或专用导频来估计服务所述用户装置的扇区的波束选择、SDMA及/或MIMO CQI。所述波束选择、SDMA及MIMO CQI可经比较以确定用于用户装置的最佳调度方法。此外，所述用户装置可估计来自其他扇区的波束的CQI。可以比服务所述用户装置的扇区的CQI低的速率报告来自其他扇区的波束的CQI以降低开销。此外，所述用户装置可跟踪控制信道CQI。一般来说，所述控制信道在具有最大覆盖面接的波束上传输。对于诸如功率控制等目的来说所述控制信道的CQI尤为重要。
在一个或多个方面中，所述用户装置向所述基站报告一个或多个CQI。所述基站可使用所述CQI反馈来确定用于所述用户装置的适当调度技术。所述用户装置可在信号中报告CQI，以便所述基站连续地接收CQI。举例来说，所述用户装置可在传输到所述基站的每一帧或数据分组中报告用于所有调度技术的CQI。然而，此可导致所述系统的过度开销。另一选择为，所述用户装置可发送用于调度所述用户装置的模式的CQI。举例来说，使用波束选择所调度的用户装置可传输基于所述波束选择调度的波束选择CQI；使用SDMA的用户装置可传输基于SDMA调度的SDMA CQI等等。此外，用户装置可使用穿孔编码进行传输。所述控制信道CQI可与非控制信道CQI的某些组合一起穿孔。
现在参照图6，图中图解根据一个或多个方面的使用长期CQI监控信道质量的方法600。在一个或多个方面中，所述系统可利用长期CQI来选择用于用户装置的调度技术及/或波束指派。使用长期CQI而非瞬时CQI可防止用户装置由于所述瞬时CQI的波动而在波束或调度技术之间切换。在602，计算瞬时CQI。在604，可基于所述瞬时CQI计算长期CQI。所述长期CQI可通过平均所述瞬时CQI与先前CQI值来计算。可存储先前CQI值表及/或先前值的平均值的表且将所述值或平均值用于计算所述长期CQI。此外，加权平均可用于计算所述长期CQI。在606，确定条件是否已满足将所述长期CQI报告到所述基站。如果是，则在608传输所述长期CQI。如果否，则在602计算下一瞬时CQI。可基于预定时间周期或基于所计算的瞬时CQI的数量周期性地报告所述CQI。另一选择为，所述长期CQI的传输为事件驱动。举例来说，可在所述波束图改变时、在用户装置从由一个波束覆盖的区域转变到由第二波束覆盖的区域时或在所述CQI下降到某一预定阈值之下时将所述长期CQI报告到所述基站。此外，所述用户装置可将长期及瞬时CQI两者报告到所述基站。
依据所述CQI值可向用户装置重指派波束或可修改整个波束图。一般来说，用户装置能够在语音或数据传输期间重定位或正在重定位，且可移入或移出由指派给其的波束所提供的覆盖区域。随着用户装置从来自一个波束的覆盖区域的扇区移动到来自另一个波束的覆盖区域的扇区应重指派所述用户装置。此外，基于由多个用户所报告的CQI，所述基站可调整波束图以更好地服务用户装置组群。
应了解，根据本文所述的一个或多个实施例，可做出多个有关传输格式、频率等的推断。如本文中使用，术语“推断(infer或inference)”通常是指根据一组通过事件及/或数据所捕获的观测值来推理或推断所述系统、环境及/或用户的状态的过程。例如，推断可被用来识别特定上下文或动作，或者可产生状态的概率分布。推断可以是概率性的，也就是说，根据对数据及事件的考虑来计算所关心状态的概率分布。推断还可指用于从一组事件及/或数据来构成更高级事件的技术。此种推断可使得从一组所观测事件及/或所存储事件数据构造出新的事件或动作，无论所述事件是否以时间上紧邻的形式相关，且无论所述事件及数据是来自一个还是来自数个事件及数据源。
根据一个实例，上文所提供的一个或多个方法可包括做出关于用于一个或多个用户装置的调度技术或波束指派的推断。举例来说，可确定所述用户装置已离开由第一波束覆盖的区域且进入由第二波束所覆盖的区域，且因此应将所述用户装置重指派到所述第二波束。此外，可确定对多个用户装置来说所述波束图是次优的且可修改所述波束图。
根据另一个实例，可做出关于在一天、一周等各个时间(例如，高峰时间等)期间所使用的调度技术的推断。应了解，以上实例为实例性且并不希望限制可做出的推断的数量或结合本文所述各个实施例及/或方法做出所述推断的方式。
图7是根据本文所述一个或多个实施例的系统700的图解，系统700促进无线通信环境中的波束成形以增加系统容量限制。如所属技术领域的技术人员所了解，系统700可驻留在基站及/或用户装置中。系统700包含接收器702，接收器702从(例如)一个或多个接收天线接收信号，且对所接收信号实施典型动作(例如，过滤、放大、下变频等)并数字化已调节信号以获得样本。解调器704可解调并将所接收导频符号提供到处理器706以用于信道估计。
处理器706可以是专用于分析由接收器组件702所接收信息并/或产生信息供发射器714发射的处理器。处理器706可以是控制用户装置700的一个或多个组件的处理器，且/或可以是分析由接收器702所接收信息、产生供发射器714发射的信息且控制用户装置700的一个或多个组件的处理器。处理器806可利用本文所述的任一方法(包括关于图4-6所述的方法)以协调通信。此外，用户装置700可包括优化组件708，所述优化组件可协调波束指派及/或选择调度技术。可将优化组件708并入到处理器706中。应了解，优化组件708可包括优化代码，所述优化码实施与指派用户装置到波束有关的基于实用的分析及/或调度技术。所述优化代码可利用基于人工智能的方法，所述基于人工智能的方法与实施推断及/或与优化用户装置波束指派有关的概率性判定及/或基于统计的判定有关。
用户装置700可额外地包含存储器710，存储器710运作地耦接到处理器706且可存储关于波束图信息的信息、包含关于波束图信息的查找表及关于本文所述波束成形及信道监控的任何其他适合的信息。另外，存储器710可存储与产生查找表等相关联的协议以便用户装置700可采用所存储协议及/或算法来增加系统容量。应了解，本文所述的数据存储(例如，存储器)组件既可为易失性存储器也可为非易失性存储器，或者包括含易失性与非易失性两种存储器。通过图解而非限定的方式，非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除ROM(EEPROM)、或闪速存储器。易失性存储器可包括用作外部高速缓存存储器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。通过图解而非限定方式，RAM可具备许多种形式，例如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双倍数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强的SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)、及直接Rambus RAM(DRRAM)。所述目标系统及方法中的存储器710希望包含但不限于所述及任何其它适宜类型的存储器。处理器706连接到符号调制器712及传输所述经调制信号的发射器714。
图8是根据各个实施例的系统800的图解，系统900可促进增加通信环境中的系统容量或性能。系统800包含具有接收器810的基站802，接收器810通过一个或多个接收天线806从一个或多个用户装置804接收信号且通过多个传输天线808向一个或多个用户装置804传输。在一个或多个实施例中，可使用单个天线组来实施接收天线806及传输天线808。接收器810可从接收天线806接收信息且在运作上与解调所接收信息的解调器812相关联。如所属技术领域的技术人员所了解，接收器810可以是(例如)耙式(Rake)接收器(例如，一种使用多个基带相关器个别地处理多路径信号组分的技术)、基于MMSE的接收器、或某一其他适于分离出指派到其的用户装置的接收器。根据各个方面，可采用多个接收器(例如，每一天线一个接收器)，且所述接收器可彼此通信以提供对用户数据的改良估计。所述经解调的符号是由处理器814来分析，所述处理器类似于上文关于图7所述的处理器且耦接至存储关于用户装置指派的信息、关于所述信息的查找表等的存储器816。每一天线的接收器输出可共同地由接收器810及/或处理器814处理。调制器818可多路复用由发射器820通过天线808传输到用户装置804的信号。
基站802进一步包含指派组件822，指派组件822可以是不同于处理器814或与处理器814是一个整体的处理器，且其可估计基站804所服务扇区内所有用户装置的一集合并可至少部分地基于个别用户装置的信道的CQI将用户装置指派到波束及/或调度技术。
图9显示实例性无线通信系统900。为简洁起见，无线通信系统900绘示一个基站及一个用户装置。然而，应了解，所述系统可包括多于一个的基站及/或多于一个的用户装置，其中额外的基站及/或用户装置可大致类似于或者不同于下文所述的实例性基站及用户装置。另外，应了解，所述基站及/或所述用户装置(图7-9)可使用本文所述之系统及/或方法(图4-6)以促进其间的无线通信。
现在参照图9，在下行链路上，在存取点905处，传输(TX)数据处理器910接收、格式化、编码、交错、及调制(或者符号映射)业务数据并提供调制符号(“数据符号”)。符号调制器915接收并处理所述数据符号及导频符号并提供符号流。符号调制器915多路复用数据及导频符号且将其提供到发射器单元(TMTR)920。每一传输符号均可以是数据符号、导频符号、或为零的信号值。所述导频符号可在每一符号周期内连续发送。所述导频符号可经频分多路复用(FDM)、正交频分多路复用(OFDM)、时分多路复用(TDM)、频分多路复用(FDM)、码分多路复用(CDM)。
TMTR 920接收并将符号流转变成一个或多个类比信号并进一步调节(例如，放大、滤波及上变频)所述模拟信号以产生适于在无线信道上传输的下行链路信号。然后，通过天线925将所述下行链路信号传输到用户装置。在用户装置930处，天线935接收所述下行链路信号并将所接收信号提供到接收器单元(RCVR)940。接收器单元940调节(例如滤波、放大、及下变频)所接收信号，并将经调节的信号数字化以获得样本。符号解调器945解调并将所接收导频符号提供到处理器950以用于信道估计及CQI计算。符号解调器945进一步从处理器950接收下行链路的频率响应估计，对所接收数据符号实施数据解调以获得数据符号估计(其是对所传输数据符号的估计)，并将所述数据符号估计提供到RX数据处理器955，RX数据处理器955解调(即符号解映射)、解交错及解码所述数据符号估计以恢复所传输的业务数据。符号解调器945及RX数据处理器955所进行的处理分别与在存取点905处由符号调制器915及TX数据处理器1510所进行的处理互补。
在上行链路上，TX数据处理器960处理业务数据并提供数据符号。所述数据符号可包括基于所接收导频的CQI数据。符号调制器965接收所述数据符号并将其与导频符号多路复用，执行调制，且提供符号流。然后，发射器单元970接收并处理所述符号流以产生由天线935传输到存取点905的上行链路信号。
在存取点905处，来自用户装置930的上行链路信号为天线925所接收并由接收器单元975处理以获得样本。然后，符号解调器980处理所述样本并提供所接收的上行链路导频符号及数据符号估计。RX数据处理器985处理所述数据符号估计以恢复由用户装置1030所传输的业务数据。处理器990针对在上行链路上传输的每一活动用户装置实施信道估计。多个用户装置可同时在上行链路上其各自所指派的导频子频带组上传输导频，其中所述导频子频带组可交错。
处理器990及950分别指挥(例如，控制、协调、管理等)存取点905及用户装置930处的操作。各个处理器990及950可分别与用于存储程序码及数据的存储器单元(未显示)相关联。处理器990及950可利用本文所述的任何方法(包括图4-6中所图解的方法)来选择用于用户装置930的调度技术或波束指派。各个处理器990及950还可实施计算以分别导出上行链路及下行链路的频率及脉冲响应估计。
对于多址系统(例如，FDMA、OFDMA、CDMA、TDMA、SDMA等)来说，多个用户装置可同时在上行链路上传输。对于这种系统来说，可在不同用户装置中共享所述导频子频带。信道估计技术可用于其中每一用户装置的导频子频带均跨越整个运作频带(可能除频带边缘外)的情况中。这种导频子频带结构对于获得每一用户装置的频率分集将是合意。本文所述技术可由各种装置构建。举例来说，所述技术可实施于硬件、软件、或其组合中。对于硬件实施方案来说，信道估计所用的处理单元可实施于一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理装置(DSPD)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、其它设计用于执行本文所述功能的电子单元、或其组合中。对于软件来说，可通过实施本文所述功能的模块(例如程序、功能等)来实施。软件代码可存储于存储器单元中并由处理器990及935执行。
对于软件实施方案，可使用执行本文所述功能的模组(例如程序、功能等等)来实施本文所述技术。所述软件代码可存储于存储器单元中并由处理器来执行。所述内存单元可实施于所述处理器内或所述处理器之外，在内存单元实施于所述处理器之外的情况下，内存单元可通过此项技术中已知的各种方法以通信方式耦合到所述处理器。
上文所述包括一个或多个实施例的实例。当然，不可能出于说明前述实施例的目的而说明各组件或方法的每一种可构想组合，但所属技术领域的技术人员应认识到，各个实施例还可存在诸多进一步的组合及排列。相应地，所述实施例希望囊括归属于随附权利要求书的精神及范围内的所有这些改变、修改及变化型式。此外，就本详细说明或权利要求书中所用措词“包括(includes)”而言，所述措词的包含方式拟与措词“包含(conprising)”在权利要求中用作转折词时所解释的方式相同。

Claims (52)

1.一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的方法，其包含：
产生第一导频；
传输所述第一导频；及
至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其进一步包含使用空分多路复用(SDM)、多输入多输出(MIMO)及机会波束成形调度技术中的至少一者来调度所述至少一个用户装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含基于所述至少一个CQI将用户装置指派到波束。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含使用信号-干扰-噪声比(SINR)作为所述CQI。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含使用所述信道上可支持速率作为所述CQI。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，在第一波束上传输所述第一导频且所述方法进一步包含：
产生第二导频；
在第二波束上传输所述第二导频；及
至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，在包括多个波束的区域上传输所述第一导频。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，所述至少一个CQI至少部分地基于一组波束权重。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包含利用所述组波束权重。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，每一帧均接收所述至少一个CQI。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，基于空分多路复用(SDM)、多输入多输出(MIMO)及机会波束成形调度中的至少一者接收所述至少一个CQI。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含接收控制信道CQI。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，在天线上传输所述第一导频。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI来修改波束。
16.一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的方法，其包含：
接收导频；
至少部分地基于所述导频确定CQI；及
将所述CQI传输到基站。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其进一步包含基于所述导频及一组波束权重估计信道，所述信道估计用于确定所述CQI。
18.一种无线通信设备，其包含：
处理器，其经配置以产生第一导频、传输所述第一导频及至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个CQI；及
存储器，其与所述处理器耦合。
19.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述处理器至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置。
20.如权利要求19所述的无线设备，所述处理器使用空分多路复用(SDM)、多输入多输出(MIMO)及机会波束成形调度技术中的至少一者来调度所述至少一个用户装置。
21.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述处理器基于所述至少一个CQI将用户装置指派到波束。
22.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述CQI是信号-干扰-噪声比(SINR)及所述信道上可支持速率中的至少一者。
23.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述处理器经配置以产生第二导频、传输所述第二导频及至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI。
24.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述处理器在包括多个波束的区域上传输所述第一导频。
25.如权利要求24所述的无线设备，所述至少一个CQI至少部分地基于存储在所述存储器中的一组波束权重。
26.如权利要求25所述的无线设备，所述处理器利用所述组波束权重。
27.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述处理器每一帧接收所述至少一个CQI。
28.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述处理器基于空分多路复用(SDM)、多输入多输出(MIMO)及机会波束成形调度中的至少一者接收所述至少一个CQI。
29.如权利要求18所述的无线设备，所述处理器接收控制信道CQI。
30.如权利要求29所述的无线设备，所述处理器通过天线传输所述第一导频。
31.一种无线通信设备，其包含：
处理器，其经配置以接收导频、至少部分地基于所述导频确定至少一个CQI及将所述CQI传输到基站；及
存储器，其与所述处理器耦合。
32.如权利要求31所述的无线通信设备，所述处理器基于所述导频及一组信道权重来估计信道，所述信道估计用于确定所述CQI。
33.一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的无线通信设备，其包含：
用于产生第一导频的装置；
用于传输所述第一导频的装置；及
用于至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)的装置。
34.如权利要求33所述的设备，其进一步包含用于至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置的装置。
35.如权利要求33所述的设备，其进一步包含：
用于产生第二导频的装置；
用于在第二波束上传输所述第二导频的装置；及
用于至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI的装置。
36.如权利要求33所述的设备，其进一步包含用于接收控制信道CQI的装置。
37.如权利要求33所述的设备，其进一步包含用于利用一组波束权重的装置，所述至少一个CQI至少部分地基于所述组波束权重。
38.如权利要求33所述的设备，其进一步包含用于至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI修改波束的装置。
39.一种用于增强无线通信环境的性能的无线通信设备，其包含：
用于接收导频的装置；及
用于至少部分地基于所述导频确定CQI的装置；及
用于将所述CQI传输到基站的装置。
40.如权利要求39所述的设备，其进一步包含用于基于所述导频及一组波束权重来估计信道的装置，所述信道估计用于确定所述CQI。
41.一种计算机可读媒体，其上面存储有用于以下操作的计算机可执行指令：
产生第一导频；
传输所述第一导频；及
至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)。
42.如权利要求41所述的计算机可读媒体，其进一步包含用于至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置的指令。
43.如权利要求41所述的计算机可读媒体，其进一步包含用于基于所述至少一个CQI将用户装置指派到波束的指令。
44.如权利要求41所述的计算机可读媒体，其进一步包含用于以下操作的指令：
产生第二导频；
在第二波束上传输所述第二导频；及
至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI。
45.一种计算机可读媒体，其上面存储有用于以下操作的计算机可执行指令：
接收导频；及
至少部分地基于所述导频确定CQI；及
将所述CQI传输到基站。
46.一种处理器，其执行用于增强无线通信环境的性能的指令，所述指令包含：
产生第一导频；
传输所述第一导频；及
至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)。
47.如权利要求46所述的处理器，其进一步包含至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置。
48.如权利要求46所述的处理器，其进一步包含：
产生第二导频；
在第二波束上传输所述第二导频；及
至少部分地基于所述第二导频接收第二CQI。
49.一种促进在无线网络上进行通信的移动装置，其包含：
产生第一导频的组件；
传输所述第一导频的组件；
至少部分地基于所述第一导频接收CQI的组件；及
至少部分地基于所述至少一个CQI调度至少一个用户装置的组件。
50.如权利要求49所述的移动装置，所述装置是蜂窝式电话、智能电话、手持式通信装置、手持式计算装置、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、膝上型计算机、及PDA中的至少一者。
51.一种促进在无线网络上进行通信的移动装置，其包含：
接收导频的组件；
至少部分地基于所述导频确定CQI的组件；及
将所述CQI传输到基站的组件。
52.如权利要求51所述的移动装置，所述装置是蜂窝式电话、智能电话、手持式通信装置、手持式计算装置、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、膝上型计算机、及PDA中的至少一者。
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