CN101185259A - 用于多天线通信系统中的波束形成反馈的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于多天线通信系统中的波束形成反馈的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101185259A
CN101185259A CNA2006800181867A CN200680018186A CN101185259A CN 101185259 A CN101185259 A CN 101185259A CN A2006800181867 A CNA2006800181867 A CN A2006800181867A CN 200680018186 A CN200680018186 A CN 200680018186A CN 101185259 A CN101185259 A CN 101185259A
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eigenbeam
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H·桑帕斯
A·汉德卡尔
D·A·戈尔
A·戈罗霍夫
T·卡德斯
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

公开了基于信道资源确定是否进行针对特征波束信息的反馈以及反馈量的方法和装置。此外，还公开了基于信道信息和信道信息的变化，确定是否进行针对特征波束信息的反馈以及反馈量的方法和装置。

Description

用于多天线通信系统中的波束形成反馈的系统和方法
技术领域
本文件一般涉及无线通信，特别涉及用于无线通信系统的特征波束形成(eigen-beam forming)。
背景技术
正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统使用正交频分复用(OFDM)。OFDM是将整个系统带宽划分为多个(N个)正交频率子载波的多载波调制技术。这些子载波也可称为音调(tone)、频段(bin)以及频道。每个子载波与可调制有数据的相应子载波相关联。在每个OFDM符号周期中，可在全部N个子载波上发送多达N个调制符号。使用N点快速傅立叶逆变换(IFFT)将这些调制符号转换到时域，以生成包含N个时域码片或者采样的变换符号。
在跳频通信系统中，在不同的时间间隔期间，数据在不同的频率子载波上进行发送，其中所述时间间隔可称为“跳变周期”。可以通过正交频分复用、其它多载波调制技术或者某些其它技术提供这些频率子载波。通过跳频，数据传输以伪随机方式从一个子载波跳变到另一个子载波。这种跳频提供频率分集，并且使数据传输能够更好地抵制有害路径效应，例如窄带干扰、抖动、衰落等等。
存在于大多数通信系统中的一个问题是接收机位于接入点所服务的区域的特定部分。在这种情况下，当发射机具有多个发射天线时，不必为了在接收机处提供最大功率而对从每个天线提供的信号进行合并。在这种情况下，在对接收机处接收的信号进行解码时可能出现问题。解决这些问题的一种方法是使用波束形成。
波束形成是一种利用多个天线改善无线链路信噪比的空间处理技术。一般地，可在多天线系统中的发射机或者接收机处使用波束形成。波束形成在改善信噪比方面提供多种好处，从而进一步改善接收机对信号的解码。
某些类型的OFDMA系统是频分双工(FDD)OFDMA系统。在这些FDD OFDMA系统中，从接入点到接入终端以及从接入终端到接入点的传输占用不同的独立频段。在FDD OFDMA系统中，用于进行波束形成的反馈通常需要在发射机(例如接入点)处具有对信道的了解，如果没有足够的反馈则不能获得这种了解。这种反馈通常采用实际波束形成权重或者向量的形式，其需要大量的控制或者信令信道资源。这降低了数据速率并且增加了所需的开销。
因此，希望提供用于更正确地进行波束形成的反馈，同时使从接收机向发射机提供反馈所需的资源最小化。
发明内容
在某些实施例中，基于对可用反向链路传输资源的确定，确定被分配用于进行波束形成信息传输的可用反向链路传输资源。在某些实施例中，这可由处理器或者其它模块执行。另外，在某些实施例中，将该信息作为指令而在空中传输。
在特定的实施例中，基于信道信息确定是否从至少一个天线发送特征波束信息。在某些实施例中，信道信息可以是信道统计或者二阶信道统计。在其它实施例中，信道信息可以是即时信道信息。
应当理解，通过下面的详细描述，本领域技术人员将可以清楚地了解到本发明的其它方案，其中，以说明性的方式示出并描述本发明的示例性实施例。应当意识到，在不脱离本发明范围的前提下，所公开的实施例可包括其它不同的实施例和方案，并且其若干细节可以包括在多个方面的修改。
附图说明
通过以下做出的详细描述并结合附图，本发明的特性、属性和优势将更明显，在附图中，相同的参考标号进行相应的标识，其中：
图1示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统；
图2示出根据一个实施例用于多址无线通信系统的频谱分配方案；
图3示出根据一个实施例的无线通信系统中的接收机所经历的特征波束的示意性框图；
图4示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统中的发射机和接收机；
图5示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统中的发射机系统的框图；
图6示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统中的接收机系统的框图；
图7示出根据一个实施例确定被分配用于提供特征波束反馈的资源的流程图；
图8示出根据另一个实施例确定是否提供特征波束反馈的流程图；
图9示出根据另一个实施例生成特征波束向量的流程图；以及
图10示出根据一个实施例生成特征波束反馈的流程图。
具体实施方式
参考图1，示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统。多址无线通信系统100包括多个小区，例如，小区102、104和106。在图1的实施例中，每个小区102、104和106可包括接入点150，其包括多个扇区。多个扇区可由多组天线形成，每组天线负责在小区的一部分中与接入终端进行通信。在小区102中，天线组112、114和116分别对应于不同的扇区。在小区104中，天线组118、120和122分别对应于不同的扇区。在小区106中，天线组124、126和128分别对应于不同的扇区。
每个小区包括可与每个接入点的一个或多个扇区通信的多个接入终端。例如，接入终端130和132与基站142通信，接入终端134和136与接入点144通信，接入终端138和140与接入点146通信。
从图1可以看出，每个接入终端130、132、134、136、138和140位于其各自小区内与同一小区内的每个其它接入终端不同的部分处。另外，每个接入终端可能和正在与之进行通信的相应天线组相距不同的距离。由于上述两个因素以及由于小区中的环境和其它状况，会出现以下情况，即，导致在每个接入终端和正在与之进行通信的相应天线组之间出现不同的信道状况。
如本文所使用的，接入点可以是用于与终端进行通信的固定站，也可称为基站、节点B或者某些其它术语，以及包括基站、节点B或者某些其它术语的某些或者全部功能。接入终端也可称为用户设备(UE)、无线通信设备、终端、移动台或者某些其它术语，以及包括用户设备(UE)、无线通信设备、终端、移动台或者某些其它术语的某些或者全部功能。
参考图2，示出了用于多址无线通信系统的频谱分配方案。在T个符号周期以及S个频率子载波上分配多个OFDM符号200。每个OFDM符号200包括T个符号周期中的一个符号周期以及S个子载波中的一个音调或频率子载波。
在OFDM跳频系统中，可将一个或多个符号200分配给一个给定的接入终端。在图2所示的分配方案的一个实施例中，将符号的一个或多个跳变区域(例如跳变区域202)分配给一组接入终端，以在反向链路上进行通信。在每个跳变区域内，可对符号的分配进行随机化，以降低潜在的干扰并且提供抵制有害路径效应的频率分集。
每个跳变区域202包括可被分配给一个或多个接入终端的符号204，所述接入终端与接入点的扇区进行通信并且被分配到该跳变区域。在每个跳变周期或帧内，跳变区域202在T个符号周期以及S个子载波内的位置随着跳变序列而变化。另外，对于每个跳变周期，在跳变区域202内对各个接入终端进行的符号204的分配可能并不相同。
跳变序列可以伪随机地、随机地或者根据预定序列来为每个跳变周期选择跳变区域202的位置。用于同一接入点的不同扇区的跳变序列可被设计为彼此正交，以避免在与同一接入点进行通信的接入终端之间发生“小区内”干扰。此外，相对于相邻接入点的跳变序列，每个接入点的跳变序列可以是伪随机的。这可有助于使与不同接入点通信的接入终端之间的“小区间”干扰随机化。
在FDD通信系统中的反向链路通信的情况下，频率子带1至S不会与前向链路的子带1至S中的任意子带相互重叠。在反向链路中，可将跳变区域202的某些符号204分配给可从接入终端发送至接入点的导频符号。在一个实施例中，对于导频符号的符号204分配应当支持空分多址(SDMA)，在SDMA中，由于在扇区或者接入点处存在多个接收天线，如果有对应于不同接入终端的足够的空间信号差别，则就可分离在同一跳变区域上重叠的不同接入终端的信号。
应当注意，虽然图2描述了具有七个符号周期长度的跳变区域200，但是跳变区域200的长度可以是任意所期望的值，并且其大小可以在跳变周期之间或者在一个给定跳变周期内的不同跳变区域之间有所变化。
同样，应当注意，虽然图2的实施例是参考块跳变来描述的，但是，块的位置不必在连续的跳变周期之间发生改变。
参考图3，示出根据一个实施例的在无线通信系统处所经历的特征波束的示意性框图。发射机300(其可以是接入点)在用于接收机304(其可以是接入终端)的一个给定跳变周期内发送多个符号。发射机300所发送的信号从天线302a、302b、302c、...、302t进行发送，并由接收机304在天线306a、306b、...、306t处进行接收。这形成了发射机200和接收机304之间的MIMO信道。在从发射机300向接收机304发送符号过程中，发射机300对符号进行特征波束形成。特征波束形成是一种组合了波束形成、分集和空间复用增益的技术，其使用特征向量根据符号被发送时所经由的天线对符号传输进行乘法、相位偏移和/或幅度偏移。
在一个实施例中，发射机300从天线302a、302b、302c、...、302t发送导频符号，接收机304使用导频符号估计下行链路信道以及计算其相关矩阵。然后，接收机304对相关矩阵进行特征值分解，以及向发射机300提供关于特征向量的信息。在某些实施例中，接收机304确定哪种特征向量波束模式将产生最高的信噪比(SNR)或者其它希望的信号特征，并且向基站发送该信息，其中该基站可使用该特征向量信息对在后续传输中到该移动台的数据信号传输进行波束形成。
如图3所示，特征波束可在不同方向具有多个(本地)最大值308a、308b和308c。其它特征波束可在其它方向具有310a和310b，但其所具有的幅度低于具有最大值308a、308b和308c的特征波束的幅度，如在接收机304处所接收的。此外，辐射模式以及具有最大值的那些特征波束可能随着时间的流逝，根据信道状况、接收机位置或者其它因素的变化而发生变化。
为了提供足够的信息用于在发射机300处进行特征波束形成，接收机304向发射机300提供关于特征向量的反馈信息。在一个实施例中，基于信道状况提供反馈。例如，在一个实施例中，如果信道状况基本未发生变化，则可提供反馈。在其它实施例中，如果信道状况近期发生变化，则可提供反馈。在附加实施例中，如果信道状况经常发生变化，可以不提供反馈或者提供最小的反馈。在其它实施例中，如果信道状况最近发生变化或者信道状况基本不发生变化，则可提供反馈。在某些实施例中，可以通过信道统计、即时信道信息或者信噪比的变化来确定信道状况的变化。
在一个实施例中，反馈可以包括在接收机304处针对接收机304所经历的主要特征波束而计算的特征向量。在某些实施例中，根据码本对关于主要特征波束的特征向量的信息进行量化，然后，将量化比特发送至包括用于读取量化比特的码本的发射机302。
在一个实施例中，量化比特基于码本与主要特征波束或者主要波束与其它特征波束之间的最小均方差。
接入终端所提供的反馈被用于形成初步波束形成矩阵，其包括已从接收机反馈至发射机的多个特征向量。由于有限的反向链路资源，这个初步波束形成矩阵可能未包括传输所需的所有特征向量。
为了形成提供最佳可用传输特性的特征波束形成向量集，对波束形成矩阵进行QR分解，以形成完整特征向量集，如下：
V＝QR(B)
B＝[v1v2…vk]是已被反馈的K个特征向量
B是“初步”波束形成矩阵。V是包括完整特征向量集的“最终”波束形成矩阵。
V＝[v1v2…vkvk+1…………vM]
vk+1…vM是从QR分解中生成的伪随机特征向量。
波束形成向量的各个标量表示应用于从MT个天线向每个接入终端发送的符号的波束形成权重。从而，这些向量可由下述方程表示：
F M = 1 M v 1 v 2 · · · v M 方程(6)
其中，M是用于传输的层数。为了判断应当使用多少个特征波束(阶数预测)以及应当使用哪种传输模式来获得最大特征波束形成增益，可以使用多种方法。如果接入终端没有被调度，则特征波束反馈(例如，7比特或其它大小的反馈)可包括阶数信息，其可基于宽带导频进行计算并且随着特征波束信息一起进行报告。从接入终端发送的控制或者信令信道信息在解码之后，可作为反向链路的宽带导频。
参考图4，示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统中的发射机和接收机。在发射机系统410中，从数据源412向发射(TX)数据处理器414提供多个数据流的业务数据。在一个实施例中，每个数据流通过相应的发射天线进行发送。TX数据处理器414基于为每个数据流选择的一种特定编码方案来对该数据流的业务数据进行格式化、编码以及交织，以提供编码数据。在某些实施例中，TX数据处理器414基于符号正被发送至的用户而将波束形成权重应用于数据流的符号。在某些实施例中，可基于在发射机402处生成的特征波束向量而生成波束形成权重，并且将其作为反馈而提供给发射机400。此外，在调度传输的情况下，TX数据处理器414可以基于从用户发送的阶数信息来选择分组格式。
可以利用OFDM技术将每个数据流的编码数据与导频数据进行复用。导频数据通常是以已知方式进行处理的已知数据模式，其可用于在接收机系统处估计信道响应。然后，基于为每个数据流选择的一种特定调制方案(例如，BPSK、QPSK、M-PSK或者M-QAM)对该数据流的复用的导频和编码数据进行调制，以提供调制符号。可以由处理器430执行的指令确定每个数据流的数据速率、编码和调制。如上所述，在某些实施例中，一个或多个流的分组格式可能随着从用户发送的阶数信息而发生变化。
然后，将所有数据流的调制符号提供给TX MIMO处理器420，处理器420可进一步处理调制符号(例如，OFDM)。然后，TX MIMO处理器420向NT个发射机(TMTR)422a至422t提供NT个调制符号流。在某些实施例中，TX MIMO处理器420基于符号正被发送至的用户以及发送符号时所经由的天线，根据该用户的信道响应信息而将波束形成权重应用于数据流的符号。
每个发射机422接收并处理相应的符号流，以提供一个或多个模拟信号，以及进一步对模拟信号进行调整(例如，放大、滤波以及上变换)，以提供适合于在MIMO信道上传输的调制信号。然后，分别从NT个天线424a至424t发送来自发射机422a至422t的NT个调制信号。
在接收机系统450中，所发送的调制信号由NR个天线452a至452r接收，并且来自每个天线452的接收信号被提供给相应的接收机(RCVR)454。每个接收机454对相应的接收信号进行调整(例如，滤波、放大以及下变换)，对调整信号进行数字化以提供采样，以及进一步处理采样以提供相应的“接收”符号流。
然后，RX数据处理器460基于一种特定的接收机处理技术，从NR个接收机454接收并处理NR个接收符号流，以提供NT个“检测”符号流。下面进一步详细描述RX数据处理器460的处理。每个检测符号流包括一些符号，其是对为相应数据流所发送的调制符号的估计。然后，RX数据处理器460对每个检测符号流进行解调、解交织以及解码，以恢复数据流的业务数据。RX数据处理器460的处理与发射机系统410处TX MIMO处理器420和TX数据处理器414所执行的处理互补。
RX处理器460所生成的信道响应估计可用于执行接收机处的空间、空/时处理，调整功率电平，改变调制速率或方案，或者其它操作。RX处理器460可进一步估计检测符号流的信噪干扰比(SNR)以及可能的其它信道特征，并且向处理器470提供这些数值。RX数据处理器460或者处理器470可进一步导出对系统的“工作”SNR的估计。然后，处理器470提供所估计的信道状态信息(CSI)，其可包括关于通信链路和/或接收数据流的多种类型的信息。例如，CSI可能只包括工作SNR。然后，CSI由TX数据处理器438(其还从数据源476接收多个数据流的业务数据)进行处理，由调制器480进行调制，由发射机454a至454r进行调整，以及被发送回到发射机系统410。
另外，处理器470可计算接收机402所经历的特征波束。可按照针对图3的描述来计算特征波束。然后，处理器470可确定主要特征波束，并且可以仅对于主要特征波束提供反馈。处理器470可以根据发射机400已知的码本对主要特征波束进行量化。在某些实施例中，如针对图3的描述，可使用5比特编码，以允许大范围的反馈。码本大小可以根据可用于该反馈的反向链路资源而发生变化。
为了确定何时对主要特征波束进行反馈，处理器470可计算信道统计，以及确定在到接收机402的两个或多个连续传输之间，在信道统计上发生了什么变化。基于变化的程度，可以判断是否提供特征波束反馈。在附加实施例中，处理器可确定一个特定传输的即时信道信息，然后确定在一个或多个先前传输的即时信道信息之间的变化。然后，可将该信息用于确定是否提供特征波束反馈。
在发射机系统410处，来自接收机系统450的调制信号由天线424接收，由接收机422进行调整，由解调器440进行解调，以及由RX数据处理器442进行处理，以恢复接收机系统报告的CSI。然后，所报告的CSI被提供给处理器430，并被用于：(1)确定用于数据流的数据速率以及编码和调制方案，以及(2)生成对TX数据处理器414和TX MIMO处理器420的多种控制。
在接收机处，可将多种处理技术用于处理NR个接收信号，以对NT个发送符号流进行检测。这些接收机处理技术可组成两个主要类别：(i)空间和空-时接收机处理技术(也称为均衡技术)；以及(ii)“连续调零/均衡及干扰消除”接收机处理技术(也称为“连续干扰消除”或者“连续消除”接收机处理技术)。
由NT个发射和NR个接收天线形成的MIMO信道可被分解为Ns个独立信道，其中，Ns≤min{NT，NR}。Ns个独立信道中的每一个也可称为MIMO信道的空间子信道(或者传输信道)并且对应于一个维度。
对于全阶MIMO信道，其中，Ns＝NT≤NR，可从NT个发射天线中的每一个发送独立的数据流。所发送的数据流可经历不同信道状况(例如，不同的衰落和多路径效应)，并且可能对于一个给定的发送功率获得不同的信噪干扰比(SNR)。此外，在接收机处使用连续干扰消除处理以恢复发送数据流的情况下，可基于数据流被恢复的特定顺序获得对应于数据流的不同SNR。因此，不同的数据流可支持不同的数据速率，这取决于其所获得的SNR。由于信道状况通常随着时间变化，每个数据流所支持的数据速率也随着时间变化。
MIMO设计可具有两个工作模式，即单码字(SCW)和多码字(MCW)。在MCW模式下，发射机可以利用不同的速率单独对在每个空间层上发送的数据进行编码。接收机使用连续干扰消除(SIC)算法，其工作过程如下：对第一层解码；然后在对被编码的第一层进行再次编码并将其与“估计信道”相乘之后，从所接收的信号中提取其基值；然后对第二层进行解码，以此类推。这种“洋葱拨离(onion-peeling)”方法表示每个连续被解码的层观测到递增的SNR并因此可以支持更高的速率。在没有误差传播的情况下，使用SIC的MCW设计基于信道状况获得了最大的系统传输容量。这种设计的缺点是由“管理”每个空间层速率的负担引起的，包括：(a)增加的CQI反馈(需要对于每一层提供一个CQI)；(b)增加的确认(ACK)或者否定确认(NACK)消息(每层一个)；(c)由于每一层可以在不同传输中终止所引起的混合ARQ(HARQ)的复杂性；(d)SIC对于具有增加的多普勒的信道估计误差和/或低SNR的性能灵敏度；以及(e)由于每一后续层只有在前一层被解码后才能进行解码，导致增加的解码延迟要求。
在SCW模式设计中，发射机使用“相同的数据速率”对在每个空间层上发送的数据进行编码。接收机可以对每个音调使用低复杂性线性接收机，例如最小均方差方案(MMSE)或者零频率(ZF)接收机，或者非线性接收机，例如QRM。这允许接收机仅针对“最佳”层报告信道估计，并且降低了用于提供该信息的传输开销。
虽然图4及相关描述针对MIMO系统，其它多输入单输出(MISO)以及单输出多输入(SIMO)系统也可使用图4的结构以及针对图3描述的结构、方法和系统。
参考图5，示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统中的发射机系统的框图。发射机500基于信道信息使用速率预测模块502，其控制单输入单输出(SISO)编码器504生成信息流。
比特506由编码器模块506进行turbo编码，并且由映射模块508映射为调制符号，其中映射模块508是基于速率预测模块502所指示的分组格式(PF)524而进行映射的。然后，由解复用器510将编码符号解复用为M个层512，其被提供给波束形成模块514。
波束形成模块514生成一个NT×M波束形成矩阵。可对于反向链路上的每个传输形成所述矩阵。每个传输可能涉及处理M个层以及生成NT个流。可根据特征波束反馈524(例如，由接入终端发送至接入点的量化的特征向量)生成特征波束权重。此外，如上所述，反馈可能只包括在接入终端处经历的主要特征向量。
在波束形成之后，将NT个流512提供给OFDM调制器518a至518t，其将输出符号流与导频符号交织。对于每个发射天线520a至520t的OFDM处理采用相同的方式，在OFDM处理之后，通过MIMO方案发送信号。
在SISO编码器504中，turbo编码器506对数据流进行编码，以及在一个实施例中，使用1/5编码率。应当注意，可使用其它类型的编码器以及编码率。符号编码器508将编码数据映射为进行传输的星座图符号。在一个实施例中，星座图可以是正交幅度星座图。虽然本文描述了SISO编码器，但是也可使用包括MIMO编码器的其它编码器类型。
速率预测模块502对CQI和/或信道估计信息进行处理，信道估计信息包括阶数信息并可在接入点处对于每个接入终端而进行接收。可基于宽带导频符号、基于跳变的导频符号或者这两者，提供阶数信息。阶数信息由速率预测模块502用于确定调制速率。在一个实施例中，速率预测算法可以使用信道估计和/或在大约每5毫秒处的5比特CQI反馈522。CQI反馈522的实际比特数量可基于设计选择或者参数而发生变化。
使用多种技术确定例如调制速率等分组格式。在名称为“Performance Based Rank Prediction for MIMO Design”的共同未决美国专利申请No.11/021,791以及名称为“Capacity Based RankPrediction for MIMO Design”的美国专利申请No.11/022,347中描述和公开了示例性技术，在本文中通过参考而引入这两个申请，如同在本文中全部提出。
参考图6，示出根据一个实施例的多址无线通信系统中的接收机系统的框图。在图6中，每个天线602a至602t接收发往接收机600的一个或多个符号。天线602a至602t分别耦接到OFDM解调器604a至604t，每个解调器耦接到跳变缓冲器606。OFDM解调器604a至604t分别将OFDM接收符号解调为接收符号流。跳变缓冲器606存储对应于跳变区域的接收符号，其中接收符号在该跳变区域中发送。
将跳变缓冲器606的输出提供给解码器608，解码器608可以是对OFDM频段的每个载频进行独立处理的解码器。跳变缓冲器606和解码器608都耦接到信道统计处理610，其形成可被提供给发射机用于后续传输的特征波束权重。另外，信道统计处理610确定多个传输的信道统计、二阶信道统计、即时信道信息或者信噪比。信道统计处理610还可以确定是否已发生变化，然后发送特征波束反馈。另外，接收机600可以确定可用反向连路资源。
然后，将解调信息流提供给对数似然比模块612和解码器614，解码器614可以是turbo解码器或者其它解码器以匹配接入点处所用的编码器，其提供解码数据流以进行处理。
参考图7，示出根据一个实施例确定被分配用于提供特征波束反馈的资源的流程图。在方框700，确定可用反向链路资源。所述资源可以是可通过反向链路信令或控制信道发送的符号数量、可用带宽或者其它信息。所述确定可在接入点处进行并被提供到接入终端，或者，所述确定可在接入终端处基于固定参数或下一前向链路传输的数据速率而进行。
然后，在方框702，确定在接入终端处可提供的特征波束反馈的数量。所述数量可以是特征波束的总数量、主要特征波束的数量或者特征波束的阶数。此外，所述数量可包括阶数信息或者CQI信息，使得所述数量考虑到向接入终端要求的反馈的全部或者大部分。
在方框704，生成对于被分配给反向链路传输的资源的指示符。指示符可在接入点或者接入终端处生成，然后被发送至接入终端。然后，在方框706，基于指示符将反向链路上的资源分配用于传输。
参考图8，示出根据另一个实施例确定是否提供特征波束反馈的流程图。在方框800，生成信道信息。信道信息可以是即时信道信息或者信道统计。在某些实施例中，信道信息可以关于分组差错率、衰落、信号强度、信道状态信息或者其它信息。此外，可使用在频域和时域的一个或两者中计算的信道信息。此外，在某些实施例中，使用二阶信道统计。在其它实施例中，除了二阶信道统计，还使用一阶或者更高阶信道统计。在某些实施例中，可基于导频符号或者导频符号和数据符号两者计算信道信息。
在方框802，确定信道信息的变化。该变化可以是在连续传输之间、在当前传输与当前传输之前N个传输的传输之间、时间平均变化、M个传输的平均值或者其它方式。在一个实施例中，所述变化可被计算为当前传输与当前传输之前N个传输的传输之间的信道信息的平方差的绝对值。
在方框804，确定接入终端和接入点之间的信道是稳定的还是变化的。在一个实施例中，可基于信道统计的变化是大于还是小于门限，进行该确定。在其它实施例中，可基于在对信道信息变化的多个确定之间的变化速率进行该确定。也可将其它方法用于确定信道是稳定的还是变化的。
在方框806，如果确定信道是稳定的，则确定主要特征波束。然后，在方框808，将关于主要特征波束的信息发送至接入点。可根据码本对关于主要特征波束的信息进行量化。此外，应当注意，方框806可出现在方框804之前的任何时间处，并且其可与图8中所示的处理相独立。在方框810，如果确定信道是变化的，则不提供反馈。
参考图9，示出根据另一个实施例生成特征波束向量的流程图。在方框900，读取从终端向接入点提供的特征波束信息。如上所述，在某些实施例中，可对特征波束信息进行量化，从而，在方框900，从码本中读取正确的信息以供使用。此外，特征波束信息可仅仅应用于主要特征波束。
在方框902，特征波束信息被用于构造特征波束形成矩阵。然后，在方框904，对特征波束形成矩阵进行分解。该分解可以是QR分解。然后，在方框906，可以对于将被发送至接入终端的下一跳变区域的符号生成表示波束形成权重的特征向量。
参考图10，示出根据一个实施例生成特征波束反馈的流程图。在方框1000，基于所接收的符号，例如导频符号，对前向链路信道进行估计。然后，在方框1002，基于前向链路信道估计确定和计算主要特征波束。在方框1004，确定可用前向链路资源的数量。该资源可以是可通过反向链路信令或控制信道发送的符号数量、可用带宽或者其它信息。该确定可在接入点处进行并被提供给接入终端，或者，该确定可在接入终端处基于固定参数或下一前向链路传输的数据速率而进行。
在方框1006，在认为反向链路资源很低的情况下，在作为反馈而被提供给接入点之前，确定主要特征波束的频率平均值。在方框1008，在认为反向链路资源很高的情况下，将每个所需频率的主要特征波束作为反馈提供给接入点。
可使用TX处理器420或460、处理器430或470以及存储器432或472来执行上述处理。针对图5A、图5B以及图6-10描述的其它处理、操作以及特性可在任何处理器、控制器和/或其它处理设备上实现，并且可作为计算机可读指令(例如源代码、目标代码或其它代码)而被存储在计算机可读介质上。
可使用多种方式实现本文描述的技术。例如，这些技术可实现在硬件、软件或者两者的组合中。对于硬件实现方式，接入点或接入终端内的处理单元可实现在一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理设备(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、被设计用于实现本文所述功能的其它电子单元或者其组合内。
对于软件实现方式，可使用实现本文所述功能的模块(例如，程序、函数等等)实现本文描述的技术。软件代码可被存储在存储器单元中，并且由处理器执行。存储器单元可实现在处理器内部或者处理器外部，在存储器单元实现在处理器外部的情况下，其可以通过本领域已知的多种方式可通信地耦接到处理器。
提供了对所公开实施例的前述描述，以使本领域技术人员能够实现和使用本文所公开的特性、功能、操作和实施例。本领域技术人员显然可了解对这些实施例的多种修改，并且在不脱离本发明的精神或者范围的前提下，本文定义的一般原理可被应用于其它实施例。从而，本公开文件并不旨在被限制于本文所示的实施例，而应给予与本文所述原理和新颖特性相一致的最宽范围。

Claims (84)

1.一种无线通信装置，包括：
至少两个天线；以及
处理器，能够确定可用的反向链路传输资源，以及基于对所述可用的反向链路传输资源的确定，提供对于被分配用于波束形成信息传输的所述反向链路传输资源的指示符。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述处理器能够基于发送反向链路传输的用户数量，确定所述可用的反向链路传输资源。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述处理器能够将包括所述指示符的消息从所述至少两个天线进行发送。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述处理器能够基于向无线通信设备的前向链路传输，确定所述可用的反向链路传输资源。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述处理器能够基于所述指示符的所述反向链路资源，将包括所述波束形成信息的消息进行发送。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述反向链路资源包括数据信道和控制信道。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述指示符还包括关于在所分配的反向链路传输资源上反馈的多个特征波束的信息。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述指示符还包括基于频率平均特征波束信息的信息反馈。
9.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述无线通信装置包括接入终端。
10.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述无线通信装置包括接入点。
11.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述指示符还包括基于每个跳变的特征波束信息的信息反馈。
12.根据权利要求1所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述指示符还包括基于有限频率平均特征波束信息的信息反馈。
13.一种电子设备，包括：
存储器；以及
处理器，与所述存储器耦接，能够基于信道信息确定是否从至少一个天线发送特征波束信息。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器能够基于所述信道统计确定所述信道是稳定信道还是变化信道，以及能够基于所述信道是所述稳定信道还是所述变化信道，确定是否发送特征波束信息。
15.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器能够基于所述信道统计是否在一个时间段内发生变化，确定所述信道是稳定信道还是变化信道。
16.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器能够基于所述信道统计在一个时间段内的变化是否超过门限，确定所述信道是稳定信道还是变化信道。
17.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器能够基于所述信道统计确定将为其发送特征波束信息的特征波束的数量。
18.根据权利要求17所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理器能够确定将为其发送特征波束信息的特征波束的数量少于用于发送到所述无线通信装置的所有特征波束的数量。
19.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器能够基于所述信道统计确定是否发送频率平均特征波束信息。
20.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器能够确定在预定时间间隔处的所述信道统计。
21.根据权利要求20所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器能够基于在所述至少一个天线处接收的指令，确定所述预定时间间隔的长度。
22.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述特征波束信息包括与在所述无线通信装置处接收的信号的一个或多个特征向量对应的信息。
23.根据权利要求22所述的电子设备，其中，所述一个或多个特征向量的项在所述无线通信装置处接收的多个信号上进行平均。
24.根据权利要求22所述的电子设备，其中，所述一个或多个特征向量包括一个或多个时间平均特征向量。
25.根据权利要求22所述的电子设备，其中，所述一个或多个特征向量的项在所述无线通信装置处接收的所述信号的多个子载波上进行平均。
26.根据权利要求22所述的电子设备，其中，所述一个或多个特征向量包括一个或多个子载波平均特征向量。
27.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述特征波束信息包括与在所述无线通信装置处接收的信号的一个或多个特征向量以及所述一个或多个特征向量中每一个的特征值对应的信息。
28.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述特征波束信息包括与在所述无线通信装置处接收的信号的主要特征向量对应的信息。
29.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理器能够根据码本对所述特征波束信息进行量化。
30.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理器能够使用期望数量的比特对所述特征波束信息的每个复元素进行量化。
31.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理器能够根据预定的星座图对所述特征波束信息的每个复元素进行量化。
32.根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理器能够对所述特征波束信息的某些元素进行量化。
33.根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括二阶信道统计。
34.根据权利要求11所述的无线通信装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述处理器基于所述信道统计以及所接收的指令，确定是否发送特征波束信息。
35.根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，其中，所述信道信息包括即时信道信息。
36.一种在无线通信系统中进行资源分配的方法，包括：
确定在无线通信装置处可用的反向链路资源；
确定波束形成反馈所需的资源量；
基于可用的反向链路资源，分配所述反向链路上的波束形成反馈资源。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，确定所述可用的反向链路传输资源的步骤包括基于发送反向链路传输的用户数量进行确定。
38.根据权利要求37所述的方法，还包括发送包括对所分配波束形成反馈资源的指示符的消息。
39.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，确定可用的反向链路资源的步骤包括基于前向链路传输确定可用的反向链路资源。
40.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，所述反向链路资源包括数据信道和控制信道。
41.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，分配步骤包括对将在所分配的反向链路资源上反馈的多个特征波束进行分配。
42.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，分配步骤包括对包括频率平均特征波束信息的反馈进行分配。
43.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，所述无线通信装置包括接入终端。
44.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，所述无线通信装置包括接入点。
45.一种在无线通信系统中进行资源分配的方法，包括：
在无线通信设备处生成特征波束信息；
生成关于所述无线通信设备所连接的通信信道的信道信息；以及
基于所述信道信息确定是否发送所述特征波束信息。
46.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，确定是否发送的步骤包括基于所述信道统计确定所述信道是稳定信道还是变化信道。
47.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，确定所述信道是所述稳定信道还是所述变化信道的步骤包括基于所述信道统计在一个时间段内是否发生变化进行确定。
48.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，确定所述信道是所述稳定信道还是所述变化信道的步骤包括基于所述信道统计在一个时间段内的变化是否超过门限进行确定。
49.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，确定是否发送的步骤包括基于所述信道统计确定将为其发送特征波束信息的特征波束的数量。
50.根据权利要求49所述的方法，其中，确定特征波束的数量的步骤包括确定特征波束的数量少于用于发送到所述无线通信装置的所有特征波束的数量。
51.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，所述方法还包括基于所述信道统计确定是否发送频率平均特征波束信息。
52.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，生成信道统计的步骤包括在预定时间间隔处生成信道统计。
53.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述特征波束信息包括与在所述无线通信装置处接收的信号的一个或多个特征向量对应的信息。
54.根据权利要求53所述的方法，还包括在多个所接收的信号上对所述一个或多个特征向量进行平均。
55.根据权利要求53所述的方法，还包括在所接收的信号的多个子载波上对所述一个或多个特征向量进行平均。
56.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述特征波束信息包括与一个或多个特征向量以及所述一个或多个特征向量中每一个的特征值对应的信息。
57.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述特征波束信息包括与所接收的信号的主要特征向量对应的信息。
58.根据权利要求45所述的方法，还包括根据码本对所述特征波束信息进行量化。
59.根据权利要求45所述的方法，还包括对具有最小均方差的特征波束的特征波束信息进行量化。
60.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括二阶信道统计。
61.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，确定是否发送特征波束信息的步骤包括基于信道统计以及所接收的指令确定是否发送。
62.根据权利要求45所述的方法，其中，所述信道信息包括即时信道信息。
63.一种装置，包括：
用于确定可用的反向链路资源的模块；
用于确定波束形成反馈所需的资源量的模块；
用于基于可用的反向链路资源分配反向链路上的波束形成反馈资源的模块。
64.根据权利要求63所述的装置，其中，用于确定所述可用的反向链路传输资源的模块包括用于基于发送反向链路传输的用户数量进行确定的模块。
65.根据权利要求63所述的装置，其中，确定可用的反向链路资源包括基于向所述装置的前向链路传输确定可用的反向链路资源。
66.根据权利要求63所述的装置，其中，用于分配的所述模块包括用于对将在所分配的反向链路资源上反馈的多个特征波束进行分配的模块。
67.根据权利要求63所述的装置，其中，用于分配的所述模块包括用于对包括频率平均特征波束信息的反馈进行分配的模块。
68.一种装置，包括：
用于生成特征波束信息的模块；
用于生成关于所述装置所连接的通信信道的信道信息的模块；以及
用于基于所述信道信息确定是否发送所述特征波束信息的模块。
69.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，用于确定是否发送的所述模块包括用于基于所述信道统计确定所述信道是稳定信道还是变化信道的模块。
70.根据权利要求69所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，用于确定所述信道是所述稳定信道还是所述变化信道的模块包括用于基于所述信道统计在一个时间段内是否发生变化进行确定的模块。
71.根据权利要求69所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，用于确定所述信道是所述稳定信道还是所述变化信道的模块包括用于基于所述信道统计在一个时间段内的变化是否超过门限进行确定的模块。
72.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，用于确定是否发送的所述模块包括用于基于所述信道统计确定将为其发送特征波束信息的特征波束的数量的模块。
73.根据权利要求72所述的装置，其中，所述特征波束的数量少于用于发送到所述无线通信装置的所有特征波束的数量。
74.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及所述装置还包括用于基于所述信道统计确定是否发送频率平均特征波束信息的模块。
75.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，用于生成信道统计的所述模块包括用于在预定时间间隔处生成信道统计的模块。
76.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及所述装置还包括用于在多个所接收的信号上对所述一个或多个特征向量进行平均的模块。
77.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及所述装置还包括用于在所接收的信号的多个子载波上对所述一个或多个特征向量进行平均的模块。
78.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述特征波束信息包括与所接收的信号的主要特征向量对应的信息。
79.根据权利要求68所述的装置，还包括用于根据码本对所述特征波束信息进行量化的模块。
80.根据权利要求66所述的装置，还包括用于根据预定的星座图对所述特征波束信息的每个复元素进行量化的模块。
81.根据权利要求68所述的电子设备，还包括用于对所述特征波束信息的某些元素进行量化的模块。
82.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括二阶信道统计。
83.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括信道统计，以及其中，用于确定是否发送特征波束信息的所述模块包括用于基于信道统计以及所接收的指令确定是否发送的模块。
84.根据权利要求68所述的装置，其中，所述信道信息包括即时信道信息。
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