CN101146562A - 自动注射装置的联结器 - Google Patents

自动注射装置的联结器 Download PDF

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CN101146562A
CN101146562A CNA2005800472942A CN200580047294A CN101146562A CN 101146562 A CN101146562 A CN 101146562A CN A2005800472942 A CNA2005800472942 A CN A2005800472942A CN 200580047294 A CN200580047294 A CN 200580047294A CN 101146562 A CN101146562 A CN 101146562A
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理查德·戴维·吉莱斯皮三世
道格·欧文·克罗
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West Pharmaceutical Services Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于将弹簧选择性地固定至柱塞的联结器。所述联结器具有一限定一弹簧支托的第一末端和一限定一肩部的第二末端，所述弹簧支托用于支托所述弹簧。所述肩部可移动至一第一位置而与所述柱塞接触，及可移动至一第二位置而与所述柱塞脱离接触。所述肩部通常处于第二位置，并可弹回地可移动至第一位置。

Description

自动注射装置的联结器
本申请要求2004年12月9日提交的美国临时申请60/634,486的优先权，并涉及2003年6月20日提交的、共同拥有和转让的美国申请10/601,212，这两个申请的内容都通过引用并入此处。
技术领域
本发明涉及自动注射装置。更具体地，本发明涉及一种用于自动注射装置的联结器，该联结器用于将注射弹簧可释放地固定至一柱塞杆。
背景技术
诸如AIDS、肝炎和其它的疾病正在普通人群中增长。这些疾病的发生增加了人们去防止在使用注射器组件过程中的无意识的针头刺伤(needle stick)的动力。许多现有技术的装置包括自动缩回的针头，以减轻无意识的针头刺伤。
许多有生命危险的情形，诸如由过敏引发的过敏性休克，以及暴露于化学的、辐射的和生物的武器，会需要使用自动注射装置。同样，许多非威胁性情形也会使用这类自动注射装置。然而，现有技术的自动注射装置的成本对于此类用途的消费者而言太昂贵了。
通常的自动注射装置是允许未受到医学训练的使用者通过手动触发自动注射器而自动地注射药物的注射器组件。有些现有的自动注射装置还设有自动缩回的针头。这种自动注射和缩回组件包括一可释放地将一注射弹簧连接至一注射器柱塞的联结器。不幸的是，许多现有的联结器要求紧密的制造公差，这会增加装置的总成本。
因此，对于自动注射装置和用于这种装置的联结器具有持续的需求，以克服和/或减轻现有自动注射装置的一种或多种上述及其它的缺陷和有害效果。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种用于将弹簧选择性地固定至柱塞的联结器。所述联结器具有一限定一弹簧支托的第一末端和一限定一肩部的第二末端，所述弹簧支托用于支托所述弹簧。所述肩部可移动至一第一位置而与所述柱塞接触，以及可移动至一第二位置而与所述柱塞脱离接触。所述肩部通常处于第二位置，并可弹回地可移动至第一位置。
在一些实施方案中，所述联结器包括一限定一弹簧支托的第一末端和一限定一肩部的第二末端，所述弹簧支托用于支托所述弹簧。所述弹簧支托和肩部以预定的角度相互径向偏置。
在其它实施方案中，所述联结器包括一限定一对弹簧支托的第一末端和一限定一对肩部的第二末端，所述弹簧支托用于支托所述弹簧。所述一对肩部可移动至一第一位置而与所述柱塞接触，及可移动至一第二位置而与所述柱塞脱离接触。
还提供了一种力量注射组件。所述组件包括一柱塞杆、一注射弹簧、一内部壳体，和一联结器。所述柱塞杆具有一肋状体(rib)。所述内部壳体具有一第一开口和一内部直径。所述注射弹簧环绕内部壳体，所述柱塞杆在所述内部直径中。所述联结器具有一弹簧支托和一肩部。所述联结器在内部直径中，以使弹簧支托通过第一开口伸出并支托注射弹簧，使得肩部被内部直径压缩至一第一位置。所述肩部在第一位置与所述肋状体接合。
根据下述详细的说明书、附图和所附的权利要求，本发明的上述的和其它的特征和优点将为本领域技术人员所获知和理解。
附图说明
图1是依据本发明的自动注射装置的一个示例性实施方案的立体图；
图2是图1所示的力量注射组件(power-injection assembly)在装配前的立体图；
图3是图1所示的力量缩回组件(power-retraction assembly)在装配前的立体图；
图4是图2所示的力量注射组件沿4-4线的第一剖视图；
图5是图2所示的力量注射组件沿5-5线的第二剖视图；
图6是图5所示的力量注射组件在触发后的视图；
图7是依据本发明的柱塞联结器的金属弹簧的一个示例性实施方案的立体图；以及
图8是依据本发明的内部壳体的一个示例性实施方案的立体图。
具体实施方式
参见附图，尤其是参见图1至图3，其中示出了处于装配状态的一个依据本发明的自动注射装置10的示例性实施方案。自动注射装置10包括一力量注射组件12、一药物筒14，以及一力量缩回组件16。
自动注射装置10被配置为从装置内伸出一皮下注射器针头，将一单次的、预定量剂量的药物从药物筒14注射入使用者体中，然后在注射完毕后，自动地将皮下注射器针头缩回入所述装置。
有利地，注射器组件10是一多部件装置，它可以由使用者和/或医疗提供者(例如药剂师、医生、护士)装配。由于注射器组件10不需要在制造的时候装配，本发明有效地将药物筒14的有效期与注射器组件10的有效期分开。例如，通常的流感疫苗的有效期为一年。因而，使用者可以保有一批本发明的力量注射和缩回组件12、16，而仅替换任何过期的药物筒14。
例如，力量注射组件12和力量缩回组件16可以一搭扣配合(snapfit)方式相互固定，以使组件在注射后不能相互移除。在图示的实施方案中，力量注射组件12包括一个或多个向外悬垂的突出体18，所述突出体18容纳于限定在力量缩回组件16中的相应数量的开口20中。当力量注射组件12插入力量缩回组件16时，突出体18作用在力量缩回组件上，以使管的内部尺寸发生弹性形变。一旦突出体18由开口20容纳，力量缩回组件16的内部尺寸可弹回地返回至其原始尺寸，以固定开口中的突出物。
在装配状态下，注射器组件10最好使筒14在力量注射组件12和力量缩回组件16之间保持密封。例如，力量注射组件12可以包括密封件22，例如但不限于O型环。一旦力量注射组件12和力量缩回组件16固定在一起，密封件22就与力量缩回组件的内部配合形成径向密封。在图示的实施方案中，密封件22位于由力量缩回组件16限定的开口20下方，以在突出体18和开口20之间的搭扣配合连接下方提供密封。
同时参照图4至图8描述力量注射组件12的操作。注射组件12包括一注射弹簧24、一柱塞杆26、一触发装置28，以及一联结器30(图7)。注射弹簧24绕柱塞杆26设置，并通过联结器30与柱塞杆驱动地接合。
触发装置28具有一上端32和一下端34。注射组件12通过以方向48压下触发装置28而触发。此外，触发装置28可包括一外罩36。外罩36和注射组件12可包括一个或多个配合导向装置(cooperating guide)(未示出)，所述配合导向装置仅在触发装置已旋转至预定位置时才允许触发装置28被压下。总之，外罩36和注射组件12可一起作用，以要求在两个方向上的运动，旋转和下压，从而触发注射弹簧24。在一个优选的实施方案中，罩36包括许多纵向肋状体38，以帮助使用者进行转动。以这种方式，注射组件12尤其适用于在使用者缺乏通常的手动灵活性的情况下使用，诸如在使用者戴着防护手套的时候。
下端34被设置为选择性地将能量从注射弹簧24耦合至驱动柱塞杆26。在示出的实施方案中，柱塞杆26包括一驱动端38和一锁定端40。锁定端40包括两个尖齿42，所述尖齿42弹性地偏向外侧，以使所述尖齿相互远离。驱动端38被设置为以公知方式作用在药物筒14上。例如，驱动端38可以如美国专利6,387,078所述作用在药物筒14上。
注射组件12包括锁定件44，在当所述尖齿通常相互偏离时所述锁定件44接合尖齿42。触发装置28包括一限定在下端34的释放表面46。以方向48作用于触发装置28上端32的作用力使释放表面46相对地压缩尖齿42，以使所述尖齿脱离锁定件44。
注射弹簧24维持在通常的压缩或受力状态。一旦尖齿42从锁定件44释放，弹簧24中储存的能量在注射方向48上驱动柱塞杆26。
联结器30包括第一末端50和第二末端52。第一末端50形成一弹簧支托或支座51，如图4所示，注射弹簧24保持在所述支托或支座51上。
第二末端52(如图5和图6所示)是向外偏离的弹性件，所述弹性件具有一用于接合柱塞杆26的肩部53。在装配时，第二末端52向内压向柱塞杆26直至肩部53接合限定在柱塞杆上的肋状体54。从而，第二末端52可以在一压缩或第一位置(图5)和一通常或第二位置(图6)之间移动。第二末端52通常在第二位置，但是具有足够的弹性，以使第二末端可以弹性地驱动至第一位置。
在柱塞杆26在注射方向48上的运动中，第二末端52保持在压缩位置中，从而肩部53与肋状体54保持接合，以使注射弹簧24的作用力通过联结器30传递至柱塞杆26。
在柱塞杆26运行一段预定距离后，允许第二末端52向外偏离杆26，以便肩部53脱离肋状体54，如图6所示。从而，一旦柱塞杆26运行一段预定距离至从肋状体54脱离肩部53，第二末端52就由于其自身的弹性从压缩位置移至通常位置。一旦肩部53与肋状体54脱离，注射弹簧24的作用力就不再通过联结器30传递至柱塞杆26。
优选地，联结器30包括一对弹簧支托51和一对肩部53。在此，弹簧支托51优选相互直径地相对。类似地，肩部53优选相互直径地相对。此外，弹簧支托51优选以预定的角度径向偏离肩部53，优选约90度。这样，各弹簧支托51与每一肩部53偏离约90度。
弹簧支托51优选最好与以预定的距离轴向偏离肩部53轴向偏离预定的距离，以使联结器30具有一轴向长度。这样，弹簧支托51沿轴向长度相对于肩部53向前设置，以使弹簧24包围轴向长度的一部分。
对涉及自动注射装置10用于以浅深度设置的小剂量体积的应用而言，对于注射弹簧24在刚度和延伸长度方面的要求不是很严格。因此，注射弹簧24可以合理设定的装置比例(例如长度和直径)组装入力量注射组件12中。然而，在自动注射装置10必须输送置于更深的针尖插入深度的更大剂量体积的情况下，对于注射弹簧24在刚度和延伸长度方面的要求会比较严格。在这些应用中，注射弹簧24要求长行程和高刚度。这种高刚度和长行程的组合通常需要注射弹簧24又细又长，并置于与柱塞的直线方向上，这不利地使力量注射组件12的长度过长。或者，高刚性和长行程的组合通常需要注射弹簧24具有较大的直径。
有利地，联结器30尤其适用于这种大直径的弹簧。具体地，联结器30具有弹簧支托51，所述弹簧支托51从联结器径向向外设置，并设置在肩部53前方。这样，注射弹簧24包围了联结器30轴向长度的一部分，使得较大直径的弹簧轴向覆盖柱塞杆26的至少一部分。因此，联结器30对于大直径弹簧具有特殊的用途，以降低力量注射组件12的总长度。
在图示的实施方案中，注射组件12包括如图8所示的内部壳体56。内部壳体56具有一第一开口58，弹簧支托51通过该第一开口58伸出，以接合注射弹簧24。第一开口58在注射方向48上沿内部壳体56延伸。优选地，内部壳体56具有一对第一开口58，所述第一开口58通过所述内部壳体在直径上相对限定，以容纳一对在直径上相对的弹簧支托51。
内部壳体56具有一内部直径60，所述内部直径60足以保持联结器30的第二末端52在压缩位置，从而与柱塞杆26接合。因此第二末端52相对内部壳体56的内部直径60向外偏置。注射弹簧24的作用力足以克服第二末端52和壳体56之间的摩擦力。
内部壳体56还包括第二开口62。优选地，内部壳体56具有一对第二开口62，所述第二开口62通过所述内部壳体在直径上相对限定。第二开口62以弹簧支托51从肩部53偏置的相同的预定角度从第一开口58偏置。从而，第二开口62与联结器30的肩部53对齐。
第二开口62被限定在沿注射方向48的预定位置，所述预定位置为希望联结器30脱离注射弹簧24的位置。从而，在柱塞杆26已运行至联结器30的第二末端52位于第二开口62的位置后，第二末端52不再由内部直径60保持在压缩位置，其允许第二末端通过第二开口弹回地向外偏至第一位置，并移动肩部53使其脱离肋状体54。
有利地，联结器30可以由具有足够的弹性以将第二末端52在第二开口62向外偏置的任何材料制成。例如，联结器30可由冲压成诸如如图7所示的所需形状的弹簧钢制成。因此，联结器30的制造可更便宜，并比先前的联结器具有更小的制造公差。
这样，注射弹簧24在注射方向48上驱动柱塞杆26，直至联结器30的第二末端52达到第二开口52。联结器30的弹性使得联结器通过第二开口52张开，并从柱塞杆26的肋状体54上脱离肩部53，如图6所示。联结器30从柱塞杆26的脱离使柱塞杆从注射弹簧24的作用力下释放，从而允许柱塞杆通过缩回组件16在与注射方向48相反的方向上移动。
缩回组件16可以以已知的方式操作。例如，力量缩回组件16可包括一缩回弹簧(未示出)，所述缩回弹簧的弹簧作用力小于注射弹簧24的弹簧作用力。因而，只要联结器30将柱塞杆26接合至注射弹簧，注射弹簧24就克服缩回弹簧的作用力。然而，一旦联结器30的第二末端与柱塞杆26脱离，则注射弹簧24的作用力就不再通过联结器传递至柱塞杆，缩回弹簧的作用力足以在与注射方向48相反的方向上推动药物筒14，从而自动地将筒14的皮下注射器针头缩回进装置10。
应该注意，此处使用的词语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“上”、“下”，以及类似的词语用于修饰各种元件。除非具体指明，这些修饰词不意味着被修饰元件的空间的、顺序的，或等级的顺序。
尽管本发明已经参照一个或多个示例性的实施方案进行了描述，然而本领域技术人员会理解，对其元件可进行各种的变化，以及以等同物进行替换，而不偏离本发明的范围。此外，依据本发明的教导可以进行各种不偏离其范围的修改，以适应特定的条件或材料。因此，本申请意在不限于作为预期最佳实施方式公开的具体实施方案，相反本发明包括落在所附权利要求范围内的所有实施方案。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于将弹簧选择性地固定至柱塞的联结器，所述联结器包括：
限定弹簧支托的第一末端，所述弹簧支托用于支托所述弹簧；以及
限定肩部的第二末端，所述肩部可移动至第一位置而与所述柱塞接触，以及可移动至第二位置而与所述柱塞脱离接触，其中所述肩部通常处于所述第二位置，并可弹回地可移动至所述第一位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述弹簧支托和所述肩部以预定的角度相互径向偏置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述预定的角度包括约90度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述联结器包括弹簧钢。
5.一种用于将弹簧选择性地固定至柱塞的联结器，所述联结器包括：
限定弹簧支托的第一末端，所述弹簧支托用于支托所述弹簧；以及
限定肩部的第二末端，所述肩部可移动至第一位置而与所述柱塞接触，以及可移动至第二位置而与所述柱塞脱离接触，其中所述弹簧支托和所述肩部以预定的角度相互径向偏置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述预定的角度包括约90度。
7.根据权利要求5所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述联结器包括弹簧钢。
8.一种用于将弹簧选择性地固定至柱塞的联结器，所述联结器包括：
限定一对弹簧支托的第一末端，所述一对弹簧支托用于支托所述弹簧；以及
限定一对肩部的第二末端，所述一对肩部对可移动至第一位置而与所述柱塞接触，以及可移动至第二位置而在所述第二位置时与所述柱塞脱离接触。
9.根据权利要求8所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述肩部对通常位于所述第二位置，且弹性地可移动至所述第一位置。
10.根据权利要求8所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述弹簧支托对相互直径地相对。
11.根据权利要求8所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述肩部对相互直径地相对。
12.根据权利要求8所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述弹簧支托对与所述肩部对以预定的角度偏置。
13.根据权利要求8所述的联结器，其特征在于，所述弹簧支托对相对于所述肩部对径向地偏置和轴向地偏置。
14.一种力量注射器组件，包括：
具有肋状体的柱塞杆；
注射弹簧；
内部壳体，所述内部壳体具有第一开口和内部直径，所述注射弹簧围绕所述内部壳体，所述柱塞杆设置在所述内部直径中；以及
联结器，所述联结器具有弹簧支托和肩部，所述联结器设置在所述内部直径中，以使所述弹簧支托通过所述第一开口伸出并支托所述注射弹簧，使得所述肩部被所述内部直径压缩至第一位置，所述肩部在所述第一位置与所述肋状体接合。
15.根据权利要求14所述的组件，其特征在于，所述内部壳体进一步包括限定在沿注射方向上预定位置的第二开口。
16.根据权利要求15所述的组件，其特征在于，所述第二开口允许所述肩部通过所述内部壳体弹回地偏移至第二位置，所述肩部在所述第二位置脱离所述肋状体。
17.根据权利要求15所述的组件，其特征在于，所述注射弹簧作用在所述联结器上，以在所述注射方向上推动所述柱塞。
18.根据权利要求15所述的组件，进一步包括触发装置，所述触发装置使所述注射弹簧保持在压缩状态，所述肩部在所述压缩状态远离所述第二开口。
19.根据权利要求18所述的组件，其特征在于，一旦所述触发装置在两个方向中移动，所述触发装置就从所述压缩状态释放所述注射弹簧。
20.根据权利要求14所述的组件，其特征在于，所述弹簧支托相对于所述肩部径向地偏置和轴向地偏置。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109475466A (zh) * 2016-07-22 2019-03-15 艾斯曲尔医疗公司 用于药剂输送装置的药剂容器保持架和组装药剂输送装置的方法
CN109475466B (zh) * 2016-07-22 2021-09-28 艾斯曲尔医疗公司 用于药剂输送装置的药剂容器保持架和组装药剂输送装置的方法
US11331436B2 (en) 2016-07-22 2022-05-17 Shl Medical Ag Medicament container holder for a medicament delivery device and method of assembling a medicament delivery device

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US20060178629A1 (en) 2006-08-10
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CN101146562B (zh) 2011-11-30
IL183766A0 (en) 2007-09-20
EP1819387A2 (en) 2007-08-22
WO2006063172A3 (en) 2006-07-27
WO2006063124A3 (en) 2007-08-23
CA2591420A1 (en) 2006-06-15
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JP5198072B2 (ja) 2013-05-15
WO2006063172A8 (en) 2010-03-04
IL183768A0 (en) 2007-09-20
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WO2006063172A2 (en) 2006-06-15
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JP2008522751A (ja) 2008-07-03
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US7758548B2 (en) 2010-07-20
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US20060178642A1 (en) 2006-08-10
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