CN101143558A - 轻度混合动力车辆结构 - Google Patents

轻度混合动力车辆结构 Download PDF

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CN101143558A
CN101143558A CNA2007101487749A CN200710148774A CN101143558A CN 101143558 A CN101143558 A CN 101143558A CN A2007101487749 A CNA2007101487749 A CN A2007101487749A CN 200710148774 A CN200710148774 A CN 200710148774A CN 101143558 A CN101143558 A CN 101143558A
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dynamoelectric machine
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tor
power
conversion module
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CN101143558B (zh
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D·克莱门
M·R·施密德特
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/46—Vehicles with auxiliary ad-on propulsions, e.g. add-on electric motor kits for bicycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
    • F16H2045/002—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches comprising a clutch between prime mover and fluid gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

本发明提供一混合转换模块，其被构造成容易地安装在现有的动力系统元件上进而产生一轻度混合动力车辆。所述混合转换模块包括一电动/发电机，所述电动/发电机可操作来传递动力至变速器并借此驱动所述轻度混合动力车辆。一存储装置例如一电池可操作地连接到所述电动/发电机并被构造成传递能量至所述电动/发电机或接收来自所述电动/发电机的能量。一离合器被构造成选择性地将所述轻度混合动力车辆的发动机从变矩器分离，这样车辆可以以高效的方式由所述电动/发电机驱动。本发明的装置还包括一具有这样一混合转换模块的轻度混合动力车辆，所述混合转换模块以所述方式安装在传统的动力系统上。

Description

轻度混合动力车辆结构
技术领域
[0001]本发明总的来说属于轻度混合动力车辆结构，其具有一选择性地施加输入分离的离合器。
背景技术
[0002]车辆变速器的目的是提供一空档，至少一个倒档和一或多个前进档，其将来自发动机，和/或其他动力源的动力传递给驱动元件，驱动元件将来自车辆的牵引力传递到地面进而所述车辆被驱动。如此，驱动元件18可以是按需要提供期望性能的前轮，后轮或履带。
[0003]作为公知的，混合动力车辆和轻度混合动力车辆可以提供许多优点，包括，例如，提高燃料经济性和减少排放。轻度混合动力车辆使用一电动/发电机和发动机，为了驱动所述车辆，它们可以单独地或联合地驱动一变速器。
发明内容
[0004]本发明的装置包括一混合转换模块，其被构造成容易地安装在现有的动力系统元件上并借此提供一轻度混合动力车辆。所述混合转换模块包括一电动/发电机，所述电动/发电机可操作来传递动力至变速器并借此驱动所述轻度混合动力车辆。一存储装置例如一电池可操作地连接到所述电动/发电机并被构造成传递能量至所述电动/发电机或接收来自所述电动/发电机的能量。一离合器被构造成选择性地将所述轻度混合动力车辆的发动机从变矩器分离，这样车辆可以以高效的方式由所述电动/发电机驱动。本发明的装置还包括一具有这样的混合转换模块的轻度混合动力车辆，所述混合转换模块以所述方式安装在传统的动力系统上。
[0005]所述电动/发电机可以直接地安装在所述变矩器上，这样所述变矩器可以操作来通过传递经过液力变矩器壳的发动机发出的热量来冷却所述电动/发电机，所述热量被变矩器内的工作流体吸收。
[0006]所述电动/发电机可以构造成驱动一变速器泵，这样当所述轻度混合动力车辆由电驱动时，冷却液流量和离合器压力得以保持。
[0007]所述离合器可以是一电磁离合器。
[0008]所述存储装置可以是一电池组。
[0009]本发明的上述特征和优点以及其他的特征和优点从下面论述中将变得更加明显，所述论述是结合附图对实现本发明的最佳方式进行的论述。
附图说明
[0010]图1a是一现有技术中非混合动力车辆的示意图；
[0011]图1b是一根据本发明的轻度混合动力车辆的示意图；
[0012]图2是图1b中所示混合转换模块的详述剖面图；
[0013]图3是图1b中所示混合转换模块的另一实施例的详细剖面图。
具体实施方式
[0014]参见附图，图1显示了一传统的车辆10的示意图。所述车辆10包括发动机12，变矩器14，变速器16和一或多个驱动元件18。
[0015]所述变矩器14包括一涡轮20(从动件)，一叶轮22(主动件)，和一定子24。变矩器14进一步地包括一液力变矩器壳26(图2所示)，液力变矩器壳26固定在所述叶轮22上这样在他们之间就形成一充满工作流体的腔室。如下将详述，叶轮22可操作地连接到并由发动机12驱动，发动机转矩通过所述工作流体的操作从叶轮22传递到涡轮20。所述涡轮20可操作地连接到变速器16，这样扭矩可在他们之间传递进而驱动所述车辆10。
[0016]当发动机12运转时，回转叶轮22导致工作流体(未显示)直接的向外冲向所述涡轮叶片(未显示)。当此发生在具有足够的力以克服所述阻力进而转动的情况下，涡轮20开始转动，其相应地转动变速器输入轴25(图2所示)。流出涡轮20的流体经由所述定子24直接回到叶轮22。随着叶轮的转动所述定子24改变来自涡轮20的流体的方向进而使其与叶轮22同向，借此减少泵轮扭矩并促使扭矩增加。
[0017]所述变速器16通过变矩器14将来自发动机12的功率传递至所述驱动元件18。驱动元件18传递来自车辆10的牵引力到地面，所述牵引力驱动所述车辆10。同样地，所述驱动元件18可以是按需要提供期望性能的前轮，后轮或履带。
[0018]参见图1b，显示了一根据本发明的轻度混合动力车辆30的示意图。对本发明来说，″轻度混合动力车辆″是一使用单个电动/发电机和发动机的混合动力车辆，它们可以单独地或联合地驱动所述车辆。图1b中类似的附图标记指的是与图1a中类似的元件。
[0019]所述轻度混合动力车辆30包括发动机12，变矩器14，变速器16和一或多个驱动元件18，这些元件都与图1a中先前描述的元件类似。所述轻度混合动力车辆30还包括一位于发动机12和变矩器14之间的混合转换模块32。下文中将要详述，所述混合转换模块32被构造成容易地安装在一非混合动力车辆例如所述车辆10(图1a所示)上并将其转换为一轻度混合动力车辆例如所述轻度混合动力车辆30。
[0020]所述混合转换模块32包括一电磁离合器34，一电动/发电机36和一电池组38。所述电磁离合器34适合于选择性将发动机12和变矩器14连接和断开。当所述电磁离合器34被停用时，发动机12和变矩器14如此连接，即发动机可以以传统的方式驱动所述车辆30。当所述电磁离合器34被促动时，电动/发电机36和变矩器14被断开，这样电动/发电机36可用来驱动所述车辆30而不驱动所述发动机12。换句话说，当车辆由电动/发电机36驱动时促动电磁离合器34提高了车辆效率。
[0021]为了独立地或与发动机12结合驱动所述车辆，所述电动/发电机36可以从所述电池38吸取能量。更确切地说，电动/发电机可以通过变矩器14，变速器16传递功率至驱动元件18从而驱动所述车辆30。下文中将要详述，当车辆30正由发动机12驱动时，变矩器14的转动可以通过所述电动/发电机36转化成能量并保存在电池38中。另外，当车辆30减速时，来自驱动元件18的转动可以通过变速器16传递从而反向驱动所述变矩器14。反向驱动变矩器14转动还可以通过电动/发电机36转换成能量并保存在电池38中。
[0022]参见图2，详细地显示了所述混合转换模块32。图2应用的相同的附图标记指的是与图1a-1b中相同的元件。
[0023]发动机12(如图1b所示)驱动一飞轮50。一摩擦板52通过弹簧54被偏压与所述飞轮结合，这样飞轮50和摩擦板52一同旋转直到弹簧54被释放。所述弹簧54优选为盘型弹簧；然而其他的弹簧结构也是可以预见的。弹簧54的偏压提供一稳态条件，其中发动机12和变矩器被连接并且功率可在它们之间传递从而驱动所述车辆30。
[0024]所述电磁离合器34可控制来选择性地释放所述弹簧54，这样飞轮50和摩擦板52就独立地旋转，并且发动机12(图1b所示)借此与变矩器14断开。所述电磁离合器34包括一第一离合器元件56，一第二离合器元件58，和一电促动磁装置60例如一磁性线圈。第一离合器元件56刚性地固定至壳体62。所述磁装置60通过第一离合器元件56保持并位于第二离合器元件58的附近。
[0025]下文中将要详述，第二离合器元件58在轴向上是可相对于第一离合器元件56移动的。第二离合器元件58可操作地连接到一环形的连接件64以便所述两元件可以独立地旋转但在轴向上一同移动。为了便于独立旋转，一轴承装置66优选位于第二离合器元件58和所述环形的连接件64之间。所述环形的连接件64还保持一所述弹簧54的径向内部68。
[0026]如前所述，所述摩擦板52通过弹簧54被偏压与所述飞轮50结合，这样发动机12(图1所示)和所述变矩器14在缺少外力的情况下被连接。这个弹簧偏压还拖动第二离合器元件远离第一离合器元件56。所述电磁离合器34a是可促动的进而克服弹簧54的偏压并借此将发动机12从变矩器14断开。更确切地说，通过给电磁离合器34的磁装置60通电，第二离合器元件58被磁性地移动或推向第一离合器元件56。第二离合器元件58的移动将拖拉安装在其上的环形连接件64和弹簧54的径向芯部68，这样弹簧54被释放且摩擦板52与飞轮50脱离。
[0027]所述摩擦板52优选包括一或多个减震弹簧70，减震弹簧70被构造成至少部分地吸收任何发动机转矩的峰值。所述摩擦板52花键连接至一轴元件72，如此两元件可以一起转动。所述轴元件72优选安装在液力变矩器壳26上例如利用焊缝74。所述液力变矩器壳26安装在所述叶轮22上。所以，当发动机12(图1b所示)与变矩器14连接时，发动机转动通过飞轮50传递至摩擦板52，至轴元件72，至液力变矩器壳26，以及至叶轮22借此促使所述叶轮22旋转。叶轮转动22以上文所述的方式旋转所述涡轮20。所述涡轮20，例如通过一铆钉76，与连接元件78连接。所述连接元件78花键连接至变速器输入轴25，这样涡轮转动驱动所述变速器输入轴25并借此驱动所述车辆30。
[0028]所述电动/发电机36包括定子80和转子82。所述定子80安装在壳体62的内表面并相对于转子82保持固定。转子82安装在液力变矩器壳26的外表面并相对于定子80随液力变矩器壳26一起转动。所以，为了转动所述液力变矩器壳26并借此驱动车辆30，所述电动/发电机36可以从电池38(图1b所示)汲取电能。换句话说，发动机12产生或车辆减速期间产生的液力变矩器壳26的转动，可以通过电动/发电机36转化成电能并保存在电池38中。
[0029]所述混合转换模块32被构造成容易地安装在一非混合动力车辆例如所述车辆10(图1a所示)上并将其转换为一轻度混合动力车辆例如所述轻度混合动力车辆30。所述电动/发电机36优选以传统的方式，例如，具有焊缝84直接地连接到液力变矩器壳26。所述机电离合器34可以位于飞轮50和液力变矩器壳26之间先前存在的区域，也可以通过螺纹紧固件86固定至壳体62。
[0030]通过将电动/发电机36直接地连接至液力变矩器壳26，变矩器14内的流体流动可以用来冷却转子82。更确切地说，转子82产生的热量通过液力变矩器壳26被传递，在液力变矩器壳26中热量暴露于并被变矩器14内的工作流体(未显示)吸收。随着工作流体流出所述变矩器，其通过一冷却剂管道(未显示)直接向外排出并经过所述定子80的支撑壳体，所述冷却剂管道与图3中所示的冷却剂管道100类似。流体的这个传递保持转子82和定子80处于常温，并借此提供优秀性能所必须的转子和定子空隙之间的连贯性。所述流体然后优选送到一变速器油冷却器(未显示)并回到所述变速器润滑系统(未显示)。
[0031]通过控制电动/发电机36的速度将转子82锁定至变矩器14允许″斜坡控制″。对本发明的目的来说，″斜坡控制″指的是车辆30保持在一斜坡或下坡上不动的能力。运动期间，在电力设备的极限功率上，保持变矩器内的速度控制，确保，发动机的可见的连接或分离。所述电动/发电机36保持至变矩器14的同样输入，这将确保该装置同样的输出转矩和速度，因此，保持同样的车辆驱动特性。这个通过简单的速度匹配算法简化了控制算法，所述简单的速度匹配算法可以保存在一电子控制单元(未显示)中。
[0032]所述混合转换模块32可被执行来用电启动车辆30并借此改善燃料消耗。在这样的操作期间，所述转子82优选驱动所述主变速器泵88以保持冷却液流量和离合器压力。发动机12优选随后通过平衡传递到离合器34和发动机12的功率被启动，同时车辆30保持运行。
[0033]参见图3，显示了混合转换模块32的一改型实施例。图3中类似的附图标记指的是与图2中类似的元件。另外，作为后缀增加在附图标记上的字母″a″在不同的实施例中表示类似的元件。
[0034]电磁离合器34a与上文中描述的电磁离合器34(图2所示)的功能类似，下面将不再进一步描述。所述定子80a安装在壳体62a的内表面并相对于转子82a保持固定。转子82a被固定到传递元件90上。所述传递元件90优选通常是环形的并包括径向的外面部分92和径向的内部部分94，转子82a固定于外面部分92上，内部部分94整体地从轴元件96伸出。尽管传递元件90优选为一轴元件96的整体加长部分，所述两元件还可以以任何传统的方式连接在一起。传递元件90安装在液力变矩器壳26a上，这样转子82a，传递元件90，液力变矩器壳26a，和轴元件96都一起转动。
[0035]所述摩擦板52a通过花键连接至轴元件96，如此两元件可以一起转动。所以，当发动机12(图2所示)与变矩器14a连接时，发动机转动通过飞轮50a传递至摩擦板52a，至轴元件96，至传递元件90，以及随后转子82a和液力变矩器壳26a。液力变矩器壳26a的促使导致叶轮22a转动。叶轮转动以上文所述的方式相对于涡轮20(图1b和2所示)旋转所述涡轮20a，定子24a可操作来相对于定子24(图2所示)以上文所述的方式放大扭矩。所述涡轮20a，例如通过一铆钉76a，与连接元件78a连接。所述连接元件78a花键连接至变速器输入轴25a，这样涡轮转动驱动所述变速器输入轴25a并借此驱动所述车辆30a。
[0036]为了转动所述液力变矩器壳26a并借此驱动车辆30a，所述电动/发电机36a可以从电池38(图1b所示)汲取电能。换句话说，发动机12产生的或在车辆减速期间产生的传递元件90的转动，可以通过电动/发电机36a转化成电能并保存在电池38中。
[0037]来自变矩器14a的流体可被操作来冷却所述电动/发电机36a。更确切地说，为了吸收电机热量并借此冷却所述电动/发电机36a，变矩器排出的流体通过一冷却剂管道100直接的向外排出并随后穿过所述定子80a的支撑壳体。所述流体然后优选送到一变速器油冷却器(未显示)并回到所述变速器润滑系统(未显示)。
[0038]尽管已经详细描述了实现本发明的最佳方式，但所属技术领域技术人员应当认识到，实现本发明的各种可选择的设计和实施方案都落在随附的权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (17)

1.一种混合转换模块，包括：
一直接安装在变矩器上的电动/发电机，这样所述电动/发电机可以传递动力至变速器并借此驱动车辆；
一能量存储装置，可操作地连接到所述电动/发电机，所述能量存储装置构造成传递能量至所述电动/发电机或接收来自电动/发电机的能量；和
一离合器，被构造成选择性地将发动机从所述变矩器分离，这样车辆可以以高效的方式由所述电动/发电机驱动；
其中所述混合转换模块适合于容易地安装在一非混合动力车辆的预先装配的动力系统元件中并借此将所述非混合动力车辆转换成一轻度混合动力车辆。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合转换模块，其中所述电动/发电机被构造成通过变矩器的壳体传递热量，其中所述热量由变矩器内的工作流体吸收进而冷却所述电动/发电机。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合转换模块，其中所述电动/发电机被构造成驱动一变速器泵，这样当所述车辆由电力驱动时，冷却液流量和离合器压力得以保持。
4.如权利要求1所述的混合转换模块，其中所述离合器是一电磁离合器。
5.如权利要求1所述的混合转换模块，其中所述存储装置是一电池。
6.一种轻度混合动力车辆，包括：
发动机；
一可操作地连接到所述发动机的变矩器；和
一可操作地连接到所述变矩器的混合转换模块，包括：
一电动/发电机，可操作地连接到所述变矩器；
一存储装置，可操作地连接到所述电动/发电机，所述存储装置构造成传递能量至所述电动/发电机或接收来自电动/发电机的能量；和
一离合器，位于所述发动机和所述变矩器之间，所述离合器被构造成选择性地将所述发动机从所述变矩器分离，这样所述轻度混合动力车辆可以以高效的方式由所述电动/发电机驱动。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合转换模块，其中所述电动/发电机直接地安装在所述变矩器上，这样所述变矩器可被操作来冷却所述电动/发电机。
8.如权利要求7所述的混合转换模块，其中所述电动/发电机被构造成驱动一变速器泵，这样当所述车辆由电力驱动时，冷却液流量和离合器压力得以保持。
9.如权利要求1所述的混合转换模块，其中所述离合器是一电磁离合器。
10.如权利要求1所述的混合转换模块，其中所述存储装置是一电池。
11.一种轻度混合动力车辆，包括：
发动机；
一变矩器，可操作地连接到所述发动机；和
一可操作地连接到所述变矩器的混合转换模块，包括：
一电动/发电机，直接安装在所述变矩器上，所述电动/发电机可操作来传递动力至变矩器并借此驱动所述轻度混合动力车辆；
一电池，可操作地连接到所述电动/发电机，所述电池构造成传递能量至所述电动/发电机或接收来自电动/发电机的能量；和
一离合器，位于所述发动机和所述变矩器之间，所述离合器被构造成选择性地将所述发动机从所述变矩器分离，这样所述轻度混合动力车辆可以以高效的方式由所述电动/发电机驱动。
其中所述混合转换模块适合于容易地连接在现有的动力系统元件上以提供一轻度混合动力车辆。
12.如权利要求11所述的混合转换模块，其中所述电动/发电机被构造成驱动一变速器泵，这样当所述车辆由电力驱动时，冷却液流量和离合器压力得以保持。
13.如权利要求12所述的混合转换模块，其中所述离合器是一电磁离合器。
14.一种将非混合动力车辆转换成轻度混合动力车辆的方法，包括：
将一电动/发电机直接地安装在所述非混合动力车辆的变矩器上，这样所述电动/发电机的转子和变矩器的壳体一同转动；
提供一可操作地连接到所述电动/发电机的能量存储装置，所述能量存储装置被构造成传递能量至所述电动/发电机或接收来自电动/发电机的能量；和
在所述非混合动力车辆的发动机和变矩器之间连接一离合器，所述离合器被构造成选择性地将所述发动机从所述变矩器分离以便所述轻度混合动力车辆可以以高效的方式由所述电动/发电机驱动。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述连接电动/发电机的步骤包括这样连接电动/发电机，即所述电动/发电机形成的热量可通过变矩器的壳体传递并随后至少部分地被变矩器内的工作流体吸收，从而冷却所述电动/发电机。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述连接电动/发电机的步骤包括这样连接电动/发电机，即一变速器泵被驱动，借此当所述车辆由电力驱动时保持冷却液流量和离合器压力。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述连接离合器的步骤包括连接电磁离合器。
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