CN101132286B - Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects - Google Patents
Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101132286B CN101132286B CN2007101452966A CN200710145296A CN101132286B CN 101132286 B CN101132286 B CN 101132286B CN 2007101452966 A CN2007101452966 A CN 2007101452966A CN 200710145296 A CN200710145296 A CN 200710145296A CN 101132286 B CN101132286 B CN 101132286B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- light signal
- optical cable
- optical branching
- branching device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Abstract
A multi-chassis network device (120) includes a plurality of nodes (128A-D) that operate as a single device within the network and a switch fabric (125A-D) that forwards data plane packets between the plurality of nodes (128A-D). The switch fabric (125A-D) includes a set of multiplexed optical interconnects coupling the nodes (128A-D). For example, a multi-chassis router (120) includes a plurality of routing nodes (128A-D) that operate as a single router within a network and a switch fabric (125A-D) that forwards packets between the plurality of routing nodes (128A-D). The switch fabric (125A-D) includes at least one multiplexed optical interconnect coupling the routing nodes (128A-D). The nodes (128A-D) of the multi-chassis router (120) may direct portions of the optical signal over the multiplexed optical interconnect to different each other using wave-division multiplexing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer network, more specifically, relate to the route bag among the computer network.
Background technology
Computer network be one group can swap data and the set of the computer installation of the interconnection of shared resource.In the network (like Ethernet) based on bag, the piece that is called as bag through data being divided into variable-length is to transmit these data between these calculation elements, and these pieces are routed to destination device from source apparatus individually via network.This destination device extracts data and these data is assembled into its original form from bag.
Some device that is called as router is safeguarded the routing information of representing with network topology structure.These routers exchange routing informations are so that keep the accurate expression through the available route of network." route " is generally defined as in the network path between two positions.When receiving the packet that arrives, router is transmitted bag to select suitable next to jump according to routing information apart from (next hop) with regard to the information of often being called as in the check packets " key ".
Usually, the service provider such as the Internet provider that in internet core, provides services on the Internet, is making great efforts to satisfy ever-increasing bandwidth demand always.A kind of mode that satisfies ever-increasing bandwidth demand just is to use " multimachine frame " (" multi-chassis ") router.Multi-chassis router is a plurality of routing nodes physical connections and be configured to the router as the operation of single routing node therein.An instance of multi-chassis router comprises: a plurality of ply-yarn drill frames (line card chassis; Be called for short LCC; It comprises one or more interface cards (IFC) that are used to send and receive bag); And central authorities' exchange control frame (central switchcontrol chassis is called for short SCC, and it provides the top-down management to said LCC).Such multi-chassis router usually is called as the single head multi-chassis router, that is, all routes are calculated the route system of accomplishing in single routing engines in being designated as the main frame of route system all.For the same level router on the network, multi-chassis router is shown as single routing node.Because multi-chassis router combines the resource of a plurality of route devices, so these multi-chassis routers just have the bandwidth performance higher than unit router.For example, use multi-chassis router to simplify and improve the route on the service provider network through on router still less, merging routing function.
Summary of the invention
Generally speaking, this paper has described multi-chassis router, wherein, and through using multiplexed optical interconnects (multiplexed optical connection) a plurality of routing nodes in (couple connects) multi-chassis router that are coupled.Multilevel interchange frame is such as 3 grades of Clos switching fabrics, repeat packets between these routing nodes.At different levels can the distribution of switching fabric given the independent routing node of multi-chassis router, and multiplexed optical interconnects is transmitted bag between these nodes.
For example, multi-chassis router can comprise a plurality of ply-yarn drill frames (LCC), and they are cooperated with each other so that in network, operate as individual router, and need not to comprise diverse, centralized switching fabric.The enforcement of multilevel interchange frame can be distributed to LCC, and these LCC can use multichannel communication to communicate on optical interconnects.In addition, one or more central switching nodes such as central authorities' exchange control frame, can be merged in multi-chassis router.In arbitrary situation, use multichannel communication all can reduce and implement the required optical cable total length of switching fabric, and can reduce desired optical cable number of ports on each LCC.Consequently, (scaled) multi-chassis router that can more easily stretch merge increase the routing node of quantity, and need not to meet or exceed the restriction that will be disposed at the arbitrary physical size in the environment wherein at multi-chassis router.
In one embodiment, the present invention is introduced in multimachine frame multi-chassis router, and this router comprises: a plurality of routing nodes that in network, are operating as individual router, and a switching fabric of between said a plurality of routing nodes, transmitting bag.This switching fabric comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of at least one these routing node of coupling.
In another embodiment; The present invention is introduced in multimachine frame multi-chassis router; This router comprises: a plurality of N that in network, operates routing node as individual router, and one have the multilevel interchange frame M level, that between said a plurality of routing nodes, transmit bag.Multi-chassis router comprises that also N * (M-1) is individual via the be coupled multichannel Point-to-Point Data interconnecting member of datum plane of routing node of this switching fabric.
In another embodiment, the present invention is introduced in the optical cable that is used for connecting at multi-chassis router a plurality of routing nodes.This optical cable comprises: be used for an optical cable input from the first routing node receiving optical signals of said a plurality of routing nodes, and each a plurality of optical branching devices (optical tap) that are used for the said light signal of a part is outputed to remaining routing node.Said a plurality of optical branching device is basically equally cut apart the luminous energy of this light signal in the remaining node of a plurality of routing nodes.
In another embodiment, the present invention is introduced in one group of optical cable of N the network equipment that be used to interconnect, and this group optical cable comprises N optical cable, and wherein N is the integer more than or equal to 2.Among this N optical cable each all comprises: is used for from an input of first receiving optical signals of a said N network equipment, and N-1 the optical branching device that is used for light signal is outputed to said N-1 rest network device.This N-1 optical branching device is cut apart light signal to output to the basic equal portions of this light signal in this N-1 the rest network device.
In a further embodiment; The present invention concentrates on a kind of method; This method comprises: one of a plurality of routing nodes in multi-chassis router are located to receive bag, are selected wavelength (wherein, this wavelength is corresponding to a routing node in this multi-chassis router) and handle to be transferred to the secondary route node of routing node via the switching fabric with optical interconnects via first routing node of the routing node of this bag from this multi-chassis router of the light signal with selected wavelength based on the information in this bag.
Again further among the embodiment, the present invention is introduced in a kind of network equipment, and this device comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of a plurality of forward node and one group of these forward node of coupling.This network equipment connects other device on network.
In embodiment further, the present invention is introduced in a plurality of network equipments that are coupled on the network, and a multimachine frame network equipment that is connected a plurality of network equipments on this network.This multimachine frame network equipment comprises: a plurality of nodes of in this network, operating as single assembly, and the switching fabric of between said a plurality of nodes, transmitting data plane packet.This switching fabric comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of one group of these node of coupling.
Embodiments of the invention can provide one or more beneficial effects.For example, described technology provides the selection to multi-chassis router (be included in special-purpose frame among centralized switching fabric).Need not to comprise the special-purpose frame of centralized switching fabric, each frame in multi-chassis router also all can comprise external network interface.Illustrated technology allow flexible multi-chassis router and the bandwidth capacity and need not that need not to limit the switching fabric of centrally-located limit can the optical cable connector jack that physics is suitable on single central chassis quantity.Frequency multiplexing technique merges a plurality of logics and connects in the LCC of multi-chassis router, thereby reduces the quantity of cable connector jack and interconnect the required optical cable quantity of LCC.This has just reduced the physical complexity of multi-chassis router and has increased and can be used for the physical space such as other purposes such as external network interfaces.
The details of one or more embodiment of the present invention will be described in the drawing and description below.Other characteristics of the present invention, purpose, advantage will be from specification and accompanying drawings, and become in claims and know.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the example block diagram that contains the computing environment of multi-chassis router among the service provider network;
Fig. 2 shows a kind of block diagram of exemplary multi-chassis router;
Fig. 3 comprises the sketch map of system that is loaded into the multiple signals that contain a plurality of passages from a certain switching fabric the optical cable of other switching fabric;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram that has been shown in further detail the exemplary ply-yarn drill frame with a routing engine and a plurality of ply-yarn drills;
Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of three-level network;
Fig. 6 is the sketch map that comprises the optical cable of a plurality of optical branching devices that are configured to the five equilibrium light input signal;
Fig. 7 shows the block diagram of the exemplary multi-chassis router that is included in 16 ply-yarn drill frames of being arranged in the circular layout.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the instance of the network environment 2 that contains multi-chassis router 4 among the service provider network 6.For exemplary purpose; Principle of the present invention describes according to the network environment of having simplified among Fig. 12; Wherein, multi-chassis router 4 communicates to provide customer network 8A～8C (" customer network 8 ") to come network 6 is conducted interviews with edge router 5A and 5B (" edge router 5 ").Multi-chassis router 4 can be with edge router 5 exchange routing informations so that keep the accurately expression of the topological structure of network environment 2.Multi-chassis router 4 can be made up of a plurality of cooperation route parts that among service provider network 6, are operating as individual node.
Though not shown, service provider network 6 can connect one or more networks of being managed by other providers, and therefore can form a part like extensive public network infrastructure such as the Internets.And then customer network 8 can be considered the edge network of the Internet.Service provider network 6 can provide calculation element in the customer network 8 of access internet, and can allow the calculation element in the customer network 8 to intercom mutually.In another example, service provider network 6 can be provided services on the Internet in the core of the Internet.In above-mentioned arbitrary instance, service provider network 6 can comprise various network devices (not shown) rather than multi-chassis router 4 and edge router 5, such as additional router, switch, server or other device.
Shown in instance in, edge router 5A is coupled in customer network 8A via access link 9A, and edge router 5B is coupled in customer network 8B and 8C respectively via access link 9B and 9C.Customer network 8 can be and is used for the geographical network of going up the enterprise site that separates.Customer network 8 can comprise one or more calculation element (not shown), such as: PC, portable computer, palmtop PC, work station, server, switch, printer, customer data center or other device.The structure of network environment 2 shown in Figure 1 only is exemplary.For example, service provider network 6 can be coupled in the customer network 8 of any amount.Yet,, in Fig. 1, only show customer network 8A～8C for the ease of describing.
Consistent with principle of the present invention, multi-chassis router 4 comprises a plurality of routing nodes (not illustrating at Fig. 1), and they physically are coupled and construct and are used as single routing node and operate.That is, for the edge router at the same level 5 of network environment 2, multi-chassis router 4 is shown as single route device.For example; Though multi-chassis router 4 comprises a plurality of routing nodes; But from the angle of edge router 5 at the same level, multi-chassis router 4 has the single network address and keeps single route conversation at the same level to be used to keep each Routing Protocol with the route conversation at the same level of each edge router 5.
Further specify as follows, a plurality of routing nodes of multi-chassis router 4 are transmitted bag through using multiplexed optical interconnects on the datum plane of multi-chassis router 4, that is, and and network traffics.Chain of command communication between a plurality of routing nodes of multi-chassis router 4 also can be through using duplex light interlinking or taking place through alternate manner.Multi-chassis router 4 comprises multilevel interchange frame, and such as 3 grades of Clos switching fabrics, it is wrapping via optical interconnects relaying (relay) between these routing nodes through the use multichannel communication.Term bag used herein refers to be fixed length be again elongated data cell.In various structure, only the fixed-length data unit, only elongated data cell, or not only fixed length but also elongated data cell all can have been carried out relaying between these routing nodes.
In a certain exemplary configurations, the at different levels of switching fabric can nonconcentrated mode distribute in the independent routing node of multi-chassis router.For example, multi-chassis router can comprise a plurality of ply-yarn drill frames (LCC), and it is cooperated so that be operating as the individual router in the network each other, and need not to comprise distinct, centralized switching fabric.The realization of multilevel interchange frame can be distributed in LCC, and LCC can communicate through using multichannel communication.In addition, one or more central switching fabric nodes such as exchange control frame (SCC), can be incorporated multi-chassis router into.In arbitrary situation, the use of the multichannel communication between these routing nodes can provide some beneficial effect.For example, the use of multichannel communication has reduced to realizing the required optical cable total length of switching fabric of interconnecting nodes.In addition, multichannel communication can reduce the quantity of optical cable interface required on each routing node.Its result is exactly, the routing node quantity that multi-chassis router 4 can more conveniently stretch and merge increase, and need not to meet or exceed multi-chassis router with any physical size limitations that is configured in relevant environment aspect wherein.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of block diagram of exemplary multi-chassis router 120 via network route data packets between network equipment.Multi-chassis router 120 for example can illustrate in greater detail the instance of the multi-chassis router 4 of Fig. 1.
As shown in Figure 2, multi-chassis router 120 comprises a plurality of route parts that are operating as the cooperation of individual node among the network.In this example, multi-chassis router 120 comprises four essentially identical LCC 128A～128D (" LCC 128 ").In other instance, multi-chassis router can comprise more or less LCC, and also can comprise the central routing node that connects these LCC.
The available one group of ply-yarn drill 134A～134D of among the LCC 128 each (" LC134 ") constructs, and wherein each all comprises Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) and the network service of one group of one or more stand-alone interface card (IFC) (not shown) to be used to arrive He leave away.In this example, each all also comprises among the LCC 128: one of routing engine 130A～130D (" routing engine 130 "), and the electronic device that is used to implement switching fabric 125A～125D (" switching fabric 125 ") a plurality of parts wherein.
Switching fabric 125 is provided at the multistage switches of transmitting bag between the LCC 128.As described herein, switching fabric 125 comprises multiplexed optical interconnects 136, and its interconnection is distributed in independently switching fabric 125A～125D those parts wherein of LCC 128.In this example, multiplexed optical interconnects 136 is made up of two groups of N optical cables of interconnection LCC 128, and wherein N representes the quantity of LCC, that is, in this example, N=4.That is to say that in this example, every group of optical cable all comprises four optical cables, one of these four optical cables are connected in the multichannel light output on each LCC128.In an example, switching fabric 125 is three grades of switching fabrics, and each LCC 128 comprises among these three grades the part of each.First group of optical cable in the multi-chassis router 120 all is connected to the level 1 of each LCC 128A the level 2 of each LCC.Second group of used optical cable all is connected to the level 2 of each LCC128 the level 3 of each LCC in multi-chassis router 120.Further specify as follows, for each level of this switching fabric, given LCC 128 such as LCC 128A, can come (to communicate like among the LCC 128B～128D) each with other LCC through using single optical cable to export the multichannel communication mode.By this way, not to use 2N
2Individual optical cable, but 3 grades of switching fabrics of N the routing node (LCC 128) of interconnection in the multi-chassis router 120 only just can be provided with 2N optical cable.In other embodiments, more or less optical cable all can be used for connecting the different piece of switching fabric 125.
Continue the instance with Fig. 2, multiplexed optical interconnects 136 comprises eight optical cables altogether.For example, each all can be similar to the optical interconnects 136A among Fig. 3 basically among these eight optical cables.The switching fabric 125 that is used for each LCC 128 all comprises two multichannel light outputs, that is, output is to be used for the first order from switching fabric to partial communication, and another output is the communication that is used for from the second level to the third level.Be used among eight multichannel light output of four LCC 128 each and all be connected to not same among eight optical interconnects 136.Each also has six inputs to receive signals from other LCC 128 LCC 128.Each optical cable all comprises three optical branching devices, and they are distributed to light signal the input of other LCC 128.In certain embodiments, the optical branching device of optical cable is configured the light signal that comes being connected in the basic equal portions of output among all optical branching devices of this optical cable.In one embodiment, LCC 128 exports multichannel communication through the different wave length passage of transmission same light signal.The wavelength channel that mails to a specific LCC 128 in these LCC 128 parts by isolation, to separate related channel program from the optical channel that is used for other LCC 128.Also can use the frequency multiplexing technique of other form, such as time-division multiplex technology (TDM).
The bag that routing engine 130A～130D (" routing engine 130 ") control is transmitted through multi-chassis router 120.Independent optical cable 137 can be used between routing engine 130, share chain of command information.For example, routing engine can communicate with exchange routing information, state information, structured data and out of Memory via optical cable 137 each other.For example, this routing information can comprise: describe the route data via the various routes of this network, also have in the suitable neighboring devices of network indication that is used for each route next to jump apart from data.Routing engine 130 upgrades the accurately current network topology structure of reflection of routing information.Be similar to optical interconnects 136, it is used for relay data plane flow between LCC 128, and optical cable 137 also can be the multichannel optical interconnection.
Routing engine 130 also uses routing information to derive forwarding information base (forwarding information bases is called for short FIB).Routing engine 130 is all installed FIB among each LCC128.The FIB that is used for one of LCC 128 can be same or different from the FIB of other LCC 128.Routing engine 130 can communicate via optical cable 137 and coordinate the FIB installation.Because providing special-purpose, optical cable 137 connects; Promptly transmit the connection of separating the connection from the packet that between LCC 128, is provided by multiplexed optical interconnects 136; So the bag that the FIB among the routing engine 130 need not to interrupt to carry out multi-chassis router 120 is transmitted and just can be upgraded.
Following example shows the bag of multi-chassis router 120 and transmits operation.The bag that arrives is at first received from network by the IFC of the LC 134 of for example LC 134B, and this LC 134 is introduced into one of its PFE, and back literary composition is called the PFE that is received.The PFE that is received just confirms to be used for next distance that jumps of packet then through the FIB that routing engine provided like routing engine 130B of use on LCC.If this packet is addressed to a link of leaving away on a LCC 128 identical with the IFC of initial this bag of reception, the PFE that is received just transmits this and wraps said link of leaving away.In this way, the bag that sends on by the identical PFE that this network received is just walked around switching fabric 125.
Otherwise the PFE that is received sends to switching fabric 125 with this packet, and wherein, it is distributed among the correct LCC that leaves away, i.e. one of LCC 128.In the LCC that LCC 128 is left away, this packet just is forwarded to the PFE that leaves away.In certain embodiments, packet is divided into littler fixed-length data unit in the PFE part that is received.Then, these fixed-length data unit just can be sent to the said PFE that leaves away respectively, and wherein, they are assembled into original, bigger packet again.These littler fixed-length data unit are not that each is all along the same paths between PFE that is received and the said PFE that leaves away.Before these embodiment can provide than on switching fabric 125, transmit not the embodiment of divided bigger packet to switching fabric 125 more efficient use.The PFE that leaves away outputs to suitable next distance that jumps via one of IFC on some LC 134 with packet.Therefore, just can be sent to next distance that jumps along the route of the final purpose of this bag by one of LCC 128 received, arrive bag by another LCC 128.Can use different exchanges and route mechanism with other multi-chassis router that the consistent mode of principle of the present invention is operated.
Be described to have when four nodes and each node all have the part of three grades of switching fabrics at multi-chassis router 120; Other embodiment also can comprise node more or less, and/or has than is positioned at more than the about three grades switching fabric on the node.In any of these embodiment, optical cable in groups connects the not at the same level of switching fabric among being used in the different nodes of multi-chassis router.For example, in multi-chassis router, comprise that each first group of N the optical cable of some optical cables that is used for N node can be used to the first order of this switching fabric is coupled to the second level with N node.Comprise that each second group of N the optical cable of some optical cables that is used for N node can be used to the third level is coupled in the second level of this switching fabric, thereby make 2N optical cable in the datum plane of multi-chassis router 120, carry out three grades of switching fabrics.In N optical cable each all can comprise: be used for from the single input of first receiving optical signals of N node, and be used for this light signal is outputed to N-1 optical branching device among the remaining node.Expand the switching fabric of this structure to any M of comprising level, wherein M is 2 at least, and this just provides M-1 group optical cable or more particularly, altogether the individual optical cable of N * (M-1).
Fig. 3 is the sketch map that has been shown in further detail Fig. 2 part, and is shown in the switching fabric 125A that optical interconnects 136A upward outputs to multiple signals 240 switching fabric 125B～125D.Optical interconnects 136A distributes multiple signals to switching fabric 125B～125D via optical branching device 283A～283C (" optical branching device 283 ").
Switching fabric 125A comprises optical signal transmitter 281.Optical signal transmitter 281 emissions contain the light signal of a plurality of passages that possess different wave length.For example, optical signal transmitter 281 can use and be used for each different wavelength of laser.In instance shown in Figure 3, optical signal transmitter 281 can launch comprise up to three wavelength light signal-it is corresponding to each switching fabric 125B～125D.
A plurality of wavelength are by the synthetic single light signal 240 of physical set in multiplexer 282.From multiplexer 282, light signal 240 gets into optical cable 236 via optical cable connector 237.Light signal 240 has no to pass optical fiber 239 with hindering and arrives optical branching device 283A up to light signal 240.Pass through for what allow to have no to hinder, optical fiber 239 for example can be processed by glass with suitable optical communication characteristic or plastics.
After tapping point 241A, light signal 240 continues to arrive optical branching device 283B up to light signal 240 forward along optical fiber 239.Optical branching device 283B makes second portion 241B turn to from light signal 240.Second portion 241B carries out filtering by wavelength filter 284B.Be similar to wavelength filter 284A, wavelength filter 284B isolates the passage of the information that containing makes a stab mails to switching fabric 125C.In general, wavelength filter 284B isolates the passage that is different from wavelength filter 284A and 284C.The second portion 241B of institute's filtering is detected by detector 285B, and detector 285B is forwarded to switching fabric 125C to the corresponding signal of telecommunication then.
After optical branching device 283B, 241C partly is light signal 240 all remainders in the optical fiber 239.Whole 241C part is all by optical tapoff point 283C collection and by wavelength filter 284C filtering.The second portion 241C of institute's filtering is detected by detector 285C, and then, detector 285C is forwarded to switching fabric 125D to the corresponding signal of telecommunication.
In the exemplary embodiment, optical branching device 283 is configured to basically equally cut apart light signal 240.In this example, optical branching device 283A removes 1/3rd light signal 240 and optical branching device 283B removes half the in last 2/3rds light signals 240.This just stays 1/3rd light signals 240 and gives optical branching device 283C, and it all consumes 1/3rd light signals 240 part, remaining as 241C.
Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of the exemplary multi-chassis router 320 of the detailed view that comprises ply-yarn drill frame (LCC) 328A, a routing node of its expression multi-chassis router.Other routing node, that is, LCC 328B～LCC 328D is similar to LCC328A usually.Further, multi-chassis router 320 can be similar or be same as the multi-chassis router 120 of Fig. 2.For succinctly, about in Fig. 4, not specifying with multi-chassis router 120 identical multi-chassis router 320 described details.
In this example, LCC 328A comprises routing engine 330A and four ply-yarn drills (LC) 334A
1～334A
4(" LC 334A ").Each LC 334A in LCC 328A comprises Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) 332A.Each LC 334A further comprises group interface card (IFC) 368A, and it is provided for receiving bag and sends the physical interface that wraps external network.Each LC 334A also comprises LC controller 366A, its according to come from routing engine 330A instruction and in LC 334A execution control function.
As LC 334A
1On one of IFC 368A
1When receiving the packet that arrives, IFC 368A
1Just transmit the packet of said arrival and give PFE 332A
1PFE 332A
1Just confirm whether the packet that is arrived has one of the IFC 368A that this packet of requirement is forwarded to LCC 328A
1Purpose, the FIB that perhaps requires this packet to be provided according to routing engine 330A is forwarded to another IFC in multi-chassis router 320.If the packet that is arrived will be by arbitrary 368A of the IFC of LCC 328A
1Output, PFE 332A
1Just transmit this packet to one of IFC suitable 368A
1If not like this, PFE 332A
1With regard to transmit this packet to switching fabric part 325A to be relayed to different LCC 328 via multiplexed optical interconnects.
Switching fabric part 325A and the similar switching fabric that resides among LCC 328B～328D thereof partly constitute three grades of switching fabrics.For example, the Clos network that all comprises a plurality of crossbar switchs during these three grades of switching fabrics can be every grade.Among LCC 328A～328D (LCC 328) each all comprises in these three grades the part of each.Shown in switching fabric part 325A, will be from LC 334A
1Related packet at first is sent to level 1 switch 372A to be transferred to level 2 switches.Level 1 switch 372A can be crossbar switch or other switch.In other embodiments, the part of the level 1 on the LCC 328A can comprise an above crossbar switch.Other N-1 part of the level 1 of this switching fabric is positioned at LCC 328B～328D similarly.
In case received by level 1 switch 372A, bag just is directed to the second level of the switching fabric among one of LCC 328 of multi-chassis router 320.For example, this packet can be directed to level 2 switch 374A, and it is positioned at the inside of the switching fabric part 325A of LCC 328A, and in this case, this bag is not relayed to different of LCC 328 via the multichannel optical communication.Otherwise this packet is encrypted as light signal by reflector 381A and is transferred to the level 2 switching fabric parts among one of LCC 328B～328D by multiplexer 382A.Control reflector 381A uses the wavelength of the downstream wavelength filter on one of LCC 328B～328D of mailing to corresponding to this packet attempt.
As shown in Figure 4, level 2 switch 374A not only receive bag from switch 372A, and receive bag from level 1 switch that is similar to that is positioned on LCC 328B～328D.Input 384A～384C (" input 384 ") receives the bag that comes from level 1 part that is positioned on LCC 328B～328D via optical cable.Each input 384 all is coupled in the optical branching device of different optical cables and the not same receiving optical signals from LCC 328B～328D.Light signal carries out filtering to isolate the wavelength that mails to the packet of level 2 switch 374A corresponding to attempt in input 384 parts.The packet that receives in level 2 switch 374A parts or directly be forwarded to level 3 switch 376A, or be relayed to grade 3 switches that are positioned at LCC 328B～328D with multiplexer 382B via reflector 381B.
Level 3 switch 376A comprise the discrete output (not shown) of each the PFE 332A that is connected on LC 334A.The bag that level 3 switch 376A are received is directed to PFE 332A corresponding to the desired one group of IFC 368A of this bag purpose.For instance, if encapsulate PFE 332A
1Receive PFE 332A then
1Transmit this according to this bag purpose and wrap among this group IFC 368A.
Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of the logical expressions of three grades of switching networks 470.For example, but the switching fabric 125 of three-level network 470 logical expressions Fig. 2.As represented by dotted line 425A～425N, three levels of this of network 470 distribute through the routing node (" routing node 425 ") of multi-chassis router.This of network 470 comprises for three grades: by the level 1 of crossbar switch (crossbar switch) 472A～472N (general designation " switch 472 ") formation; The level 2 that constitutes by crossbar switch 474A～474N (general designation " switch 474 "), and the level 3 that constitutes by crossbar switch 476A～476N (general designation " switch 476 ").Switch 472 receives packet via input 478A～478N (general designation " input 478 ").Switch 476 is via output 480A～480N (general designation " output 480 ") this packet of relaying.As shown in Figure 5, each grade of three-level network 470 all comprises the crossbar switch of equal number.In other embodiments, these grades can comprise the crossbar switch of varying number.For example, level 2 can comprise than level 1 or level 3 more crossbar switchs and can be exported this possibility that is hindered by opening of output 480 to reduce or eliminate the open input of input in 478.These extra crossbar switchs in level 2 can be positioned among switching fabric 425 or other place.
In order to set up through network 470 from importing one of 478 paths to required output 480, one of switch 472 relevant with the input that is received 478 confirmed available level 2 switches, and it allows path to be connected to comprise level 3 switches 476 of required output 480.For example, suppose to be encapsulated one of output 480 that is relayed on switch 476A by what switch 472A received.Switch 472A use switch 472A and switch 476A the two open the connection select arbitrary switch 474.Suppose that switch 472A selects switch 474B.In case switch 474B receives packet, switch 474B just is determined to the available path of switch 476A and transmits this packet to switch 476A.For example, switch 474B can have more than an open approach to switch 476A.
As described herein; These connections between a plurality of levels utilize the light frequency multiplexing technique; And be derived from same switch a plurality of (as, be derived from N-1 the path of switch 472A) to the path of level 2 switch 474A-N, the defined N-1 of the different wave length passage that expression is carried by the same light interconnecting member.Each switch in the network 470 all can be confirmed the path that can be used for wrapping.In this way, the packet that is received by the switch in the level 1 472 can pass the arbitrary switch 474 in, the level 2 476 that received by required switch in the level 3.
When switching fabric was described to comprise three grades of switching networks, switching fabric in other embodiments also can comprise different switching fabrics.For example, the second level in three-level network can be substituted by another three-level network, thereby forms the Pyatyi network.It also might be the switching fabric of other structure.
Fig. 6 shows and is used to have 16 routing nodes (that is N=16) the sketch map of single optical cable 536 of multi-chassis router.In this example, optical cable 536 has 15 optical branching device 592A～592O (" optical branching device 592 "), and this generally is indispensable for optical cable.Optical branching device 592 is configured the luminous energy of the light signal that five equilibrium received from reflector 581 and multiplexer 582 on optical cable 536.Optical cable 536 is depicted as and is coupled in wavelength filter and detector sets component 584A-584O (" sub-assembly 584 ").Sub-assembly 584 is isolated the passage that is contained in the data in this light signal, and transmits the passage of being isolated to such as the network equipments such as node in the multi-chassis router.In this example, because there are 15 optical branching devices 592 to wait spectroscopic signals, so each optical branching device 592 all is designed and removes by 1/15th of the whole signal strength signal intensity of the initial optical signal of reflector 581 transmission.
The structure of spectroscopic signals such as realization is following./ 15th of an optical branching device 592A removal signal that it received.Yet, because the signal strength signal intensity of each remaining optical branching device 592 has all reduced, so each follow-up optical branching device 592 is all removed the last signal strength signal intensity of a bigger part.Specifically, each optical branching device 592 all by formula 1 is removed a certain proportion of last signal strength signal intensity:
P=1/N
r, (formula 1)
Wherein, P equals to be partial to the ratio of the luminous energy of this optical branching device, and N
rEqual the quantity of the residue tapping point of this optical cable.
Formula 1 has explained that upper reaches optical branching device need not be considered in the process of confirming the light signal ratio that remove at arbitrary optical branching device place.On the contrary, only emphasis is considered the number of residue downstream optical branching device.This just means, the optical branching device on optical cable 536 can be removed from the end of the optical cable 536 that approaches reflector 581 most, and need not to disturb the average distribution of remaining optical branching device 592.Similarly, additional optical branching device can be added to the end of the optical cable 536 that approaches reflector 581 most, and maintains average distribution between optical branching device 592 and the arbitrary new optical branching device simultaneously.As an example, be added to ten sixths that the first terminal optical branching device of the optical cable 536 that approaches reflector 581 most can remove signal strength signal intensities with optical branching device 592 to have average distribution.
Subsequently, as above shown in the example, sub-portion that can be littler makes optical cable 536.This can be used for the upgrading of multi-chassis router, and wherein, new node is added among the system that is pre-existing in.For example, the multi-chassis router that comprises four nodes can use the optical cable that only comprises like three optical branching devices of optical branching device 592M～592O of Fig. 6.Comprise eight nodes if this multi-chassis router is expanded, then require to have the optical cable that possesses seven optical branching devices.The upstream side that the portion like the optical cable of more four optical branching devices of optical branching device 592I～592L of comprising can be added to optical cable has the optical cable of seven optical branching devices with generation, thereby is provided to the average signal distributions like these optical branching devices of optical branching device 592I～592O.As long as light signal strength still is fit to, this technology can be used to expand optical cable comprising the optical branching device of any amount, and maintains being evenly distributed of light signal between all optical branching devices on this optical cable simultaneously, thereby is convenient to the flexible of multi-chassis router.
Fig. 7 shows and comprises 16 LCC 628A～628P (LCC 628) of being arranged in circular layout vertical view in wherein multi-chassis router 640 embodiment.Multi-chassis router 640 is operated with the mode of the multi-chassis router 120 that is similar to Fig. 2 basically.For simplicity, the description details relevant for the multi-chassis router 640 identical with multi-chassis router 120 does not go through in Fig. 7.
LCC 628 utilizes three grades of switching fabrics with multiplexed optical interconnects.For example, these three grades of switching fabrics can be similar to the three-level network 470 of Fig. 5.These three grades of switching fabrics comprise that multiplexed optical interconnects 636 is to be used to be connected the different piece of three grades of switching fabrics on the LCC 628.In this example, each LCC 628 comprises two reflectors: reflector emission multipath light signal is transmitting packet to level 2 from level 1, and another reflector emission multipath light signal is to transmit packets to level 3 from level 2.Each LCC 628 comprises that also 30 light signal input-one of which one are corresponding to two reflectors on all 15 LCC 628 at other.
Each LCC 628 has trapezoidal frame, so that LCC 628 can be placed among the similar round structure easily.The multichannel optical cable of producing as described herein can be arranged among the interior circle of multi-chassis router 640, with the switching fabric of interconnection LCC 628.The trapezoidal shape of LCC 628 also can be at the last bigger surface area relatively that provides of exposed side 654A～654O of LCC 628.The big surface area of exposed side 654A～654O can be used to locate a large amount of slots has physical network interface with insertion interface card.The trapezoidal shape of LCC 628 limits the whole contact area of multi-chassis router 640 again.Specifically, in this example, the trapezoidal shape of LCC628 allows 17 LCC 628 tightly to put together with circle.Yet multi-chassis router 640 only utilizes 16 effective (active) LCC 628.This structure less than full circle provides gap 660, its allow the keeper convenient that for example during maintenance service, possibly need, to the visit at multi-chassis router 662 centers.Other structure with multi-chassis router of trapezoidal node also is possible, and for example, multi-chassis router can comprise that two groups are arranged among the independent circular configuration respectively and node that connected by optical cable.As another instance, a plurality of nodes can superpose to constitute adjacent circular configuration each other.
Various embodiment of the present invention has been described.Yet the modification that said embodiment is carried out still within the scope of the present invention.For example, with reference to when utilizing the non-centralized multi-chassis router of multiplexed optical interconnects to be illustrated through use wavelength division multiplex technology, embodiments of the invention also comprise the multi-chassis router of single head or bull.In addition, also can be used among the switching fabric of multi-chassis router such as other frequency multiplexing technique of time-division multiplex technology (TDM).In addition, these technology can be used for other point-to-point communication medium except light, suppose that this point-to-point communication medium has the basic product that surpasses the bandwidth time delay (bandwidth-delay) of conventional copper conduction.Term " bandwidth time delay " refers to connection capacity (is unit with the bits per second) and multiply by the product of its end to end time delay (is unit with the second).Its result is that the measured data volume of unit equals " in the air " data volume at arbitrary given time with position (or byte), that is, be transmitted but not received byte number.The bandwidth time delay product of light for example can be come out by the 10GHz bandwidth calculation of transmitting hundreds of meters distances.These and other embodiment is among the described scope of appending claims.
Claims (7)
1. optical cable that is used for connecting at multi-chassis router a plurality of routing nodes comprises:
The optical cable input, its first routing node receiving optical signals from said a plurality of routing nodes; And
A plurality of optical branching devices; The part of its said light signal outputs to each routing node in the remaining routing node; Wherein, Identical by each part of the light signal of cutting apart of said a plurality of optical branching devices output with said light signal from said first routing node, except each part of the light signal of cutting apart exported by said a plurality of optical branching devices has recently from the low density of the said light signal of said first routing node;
Wherein, said a plurality of optical branching device is divided into equal portions to the luminous energy of said light signal basically among the remaining routing node of said a plurality of routing nodes.
2. optical cable according to claim 1 further comprises a plurality of wavelength filters that are positioned at said a plurality of optical branching devices downstream, a part that is used to filter the light signal of cutting apart by said a plurality of optical branching device,
Wherein, in each optical branching device each, one of said a plurality of wavelength filters between the switching fabric of said each optical branching device and the said routing node relevant with said each optical branching device,
Wherein, Each wavelength filter in said a plurality of wavelength filter filters out corresponding to communication port but is not imported into the wavelength of the switching fabric of the relevant routing node in said a plurality of routing node, and the said switching fabric of said relevant routing node is positioned at the downstream of its relevant wavelength filter.
3. optical cable according to claim 2, wherein, each of said a plurality of wavelength filters is all isolated different wavelengths.
4. the optical cable of one group of N network equipment that be used to interconnect, this group optical cable comprises:
N bar optical cable, wherein, N is the integer more than or equal to 2,
Wherein, each in the said N bar optical cable all comprises: be used for coming an input of receiving optical signals from first of a said N network equipment, and N-1 the optical branching device that is used for said light signal is outputed to N-1 rest network device,
Wherein, By each part of the light signal of cutting apart of said N-1 optical branching device output with identical, except each part of the light signal of cutting apart exported by said N-1 optical branching device has than the low density of said light signal by said input received by said light signal that said input received;
Wherein, a said N-1 optical branching device is cut apart said light signal to output to a plurality of basic moiety of said light signal in N-1 said rest network device.
5. one group of optical cable according to claim 4; Wherein, Each bar optical cable in the said N bar optical cable all further comprises a plurality of wavelength filters that are positioned at said N-1 optical branching device downstream, is used to filter the part of the light signal of being cut apart by a said N-1 optical branching device
Wherein, in each optical branching device of N-1 optical branching device each, between the switching fabric of the network equipment of one of said a plurality of wavelength filters in said each optical branching device and N-1 the rest network device relevant with said each optical branching device,
Wherein, Each wavelength filter in said a plurality of wavelength filter filters out corresponding to communication port but is not imported into the wavelength of the said switching fabric of said N-1 the network of relation device in the rest network device, and the said switching fabric of said network of relation device is positioned at the downstream of its relevant wavelength filter.
6. one group of optical cable according to claim 5, wherein, each wavelength filter in a plurality of wavelength filters in the optical cable in said N bar optical cable is all isolated different wavelengths.
7. one group of optical cable according to claim 4, wherein, N is selected from 4,16 or 32.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83925206P | 2006-08-21 | 2006-08-21 | |
| US60/839,252 | 2006-08-21 | ||
| US11/832,342 | 2007-08-01 | ||
| US11/832,342 US8050559B2 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2007-08-01 | Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110086604.9A Division CN102158411B (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101132286A CN101132286A (en) | 2008-02-27 |
| CN101132286B true CN101132286B (en) | 2012-10-03 |
Family
ID=39129419
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101452966A Active CN101132286B (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects |
| CNU2007201554908U Expired - Lifetime CN201075868Y (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Multi spider route device with multipath optical interlinkage parts |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007201554908U Expired - Lifetime CN201075868Y (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Multi spider route device with multipath optical interlinkage parts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN101132286B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9282060B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2016-03-08 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for dynamic resource management within a distributed control plane of a switch |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8050559B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2011-11-01 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects |
| US8265071B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2012-09-11 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus related to a flexible data center security architecture |
| US8730954B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2014-05-20 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus related to any-to-any connectivity within a data center |
| US8154996B2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2012-04-10 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for flow control associated with multi-staged queues |
| CN101917331B (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2014-05-07 | 瞻博网络公司 | Systems, methods, and apparatus for a data centre |
| US8755396B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2014-06-17 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus related to flow control within a data center switch fabric |
| US11271871B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2022-03-08 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus related to a flexible data center security architecture |
| US9847953B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2017-12-19 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus related to virtualization of data center resources |
| EP2337372B1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-02-08 | Alcatel Lucent | High capacity switching system |
| US9813252B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2017-11-07 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Multicasting within a distributed control plane of a switch |
| US9240923B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2016-01-19 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for automatically provisioning resources within a distributed control plane of a switch |
| CN102356598B (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2013-10-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Multiframe cascade device |
| CN102893564B (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2016-03-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of router supporting multi-groove |
| WO2020227982A1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | System and method for flexible optical interconnect in data centers |
-
2007
- 2007-08-21 CN CN2007101452966A patent/CN101132286B/en active Active
- 2007-08-21 CN CNU2007201554908U patent/CN201075868Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9282060B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2016-03-08 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for dynamic resource management within a distributed control plane of a switch |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101132286A (en) | 2008-02-27 |
| CN201075868Y (en) | 2008-06-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101132286B (en) | Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects | |
| CN102158411B (en) | Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects | |
| US6999461B2 (en) | Routing schemes for packet switching networks | |
| US8503879B2 (en) | Hybrid optical/electrical switching system for data center networks | |
| KR101324058B1 (en) | High capacity switching system | |
| EP3382935A1 (en) | Line card frame, multi-frame cluster router, routing, and message processing | |
| EP3382965B1 (en) | Line card frame, multi-frame cluster router, and message processing | |
| CN100420309C (en) | Large volume optical route device utilizing electrical buffer | |
| EP1411744B1 (en) | Optical multi-ring network for burst data communication | |
| US20150326955A1 (en) | Optical signal routing | |
| CN114204995B (en) | Multi-chip photonic node for scalable many-to-many connection structure | |
| US20160057515A1 (en) | Signal routing | |
| US9647792B2 (en) | Spectral temporal connector for full-mesh networking | |
| Doverspike et al. | Transport network architectures in an IP world | |
| US20040213572A1 (en) | Optical ring network for burst data communication | |
| US7260091B2 (en) | Transmission equipment having a packet switching function | |
| Wagner et al. | The potential of optical layer networks | |
| Engel et al. | Packet layer topologies of cost optimized transport networks multi-layer netwok optimization | |
| US6404867B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for collecting data from a remote point of presence | |
| JP2002217837A (en) | Optical access network system | |
| US7486677B1 (en) | Technique for providing inter-nodal communications in a photonics network | |
| Oo et al. | Fiber Optic Network Infrastructure As Next Generation Power System Communications |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: JUNIPER NETWORKS INC. Free format text: FORMER NAME: NETSCREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: California, USA Patentee after: Juniper Networks, Inc. Address before: California, USA Patentee before: Jungle network |