CN101132286A - Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects - Google Patents
Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects Download PDFInfo
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- CN101132286A CN101132286A CNA2007101452966A CN200710145296A CN101132286A CN 101132286 A CN101132286 A CN 101132286A CN A2007101452966 A CNA2007101452966 A CN A2007101452966A CN 200710145296 A CN200710145296 A CN 200710145296A CN 101132286 A CN101132286 A CN 101132286A
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Abstract
A multi-chassis network device (120) includes a plurality of nodes (128A-D) that operate as a single device within the network and a switch fabric (125A-D) that forwards data plane packets between the plurality of nodes (128A-D). The switch fabric (125A-D) includes a set of multiplexed optical interconnects coupling the nodes (128A-D). For example, a multi-chassis router (120) includes a plurality of routing nodes (128A-D) that operate as a single router within a network and a switch fabric (125A-D) that forwards packets between the plurality of routing nodes (128A-D). The switch fabric (125A-D) includes at least one multiplexed optical interconnect coupling the routing nodes (128A-D). The nodes (128A-D) of the multi-chassis router (120) may direct portions of the optical signal over the multiplexed optical interconnect to different each other using wave-division multiplexing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer network, more specifically, relate to the route bag among the computer network.
Background technology
Computer network be one group can swap data and the set of the computer installation of the interconnection of shared resource.In the network (as Ethernet) based on bag, the piece that is called as bag by data being divided into variable-length is to transmit these data between these calculation elements, and these pieces are routed to destination device from source apparatus individually via network.This destination device extracts data and these data is assembled into its original form from bag.
Some device that is called as router is safeguarded the routing information of representing with network topology structure.These routers exchange routing informations are so that keep accurate expression by the available route of network." route " is generally defined as in the network path between two positions.When receiving the packet that arrives, router is just checked the information that often is called as " key " in the bag, transmits bag to select suitable next to jump according to routing information apart from (next hop).
Usually, the service provider such as the Internet provider that provides services on the Internet, is making great efforts to satisfy ever-increasing bandwidth demand always in internet core.A kind of mode that satisfies ever-increasing bandwidth demand just is to use " multimachine frame " (" multi-chassis ") router.Multi-chassis router is a plurality of routing nodes physical connections and be configured to router as the operation of single routing node therein.An example of multi-chassis router comprises: a plurality of ply-yarn drill frames (line card chassis, be called for short LCC, it comprises one or more interface cards (IFC) that are used to send and receive bag), and exchange control frame (the central switchcontrol chassis of central authorities, be called for short SCC, it provides the top-down management to described LCC).Such multi-chassis router usually is called as the single head multi-chassis router, that is, all routes are calculated the route system of finishing in single routing engines in being designated as the main frame of route system all.For the same level router on the network, multi-chassis router is shown as single routing node.Because multi-chassis router is in conjunction with the resource of a plurality of route devices, so these multi-chassis routers just have the bandwidth performance higher than unit router.For example, use multi-chassis router to simplify and improve route on the service provider network by on router still less, merging routing function.
Summary of the invention
Generally speaking, this paper has described multi-chassis router, wherein, and by using multiplexed optical interconnects (multiplexed optical connection) a plurality of routing nodes in (couple connects) multi-chassis router that are coupled.Multilevel interchange frame is such as 3 grades of Clos switching fabrics, repeat packets between these routing nodes.The independent routing nodes that are distributed to multi-chassis router at different levels of switching fabric, and multiplexed optical interconnects is transmitted bag between these nodes.
For example, multi-chassis router can comprise a plurality of ply-yarn drill frames (LCC), and they are cooperated with each other so that operate as individual router in network, and need not to comprise diverse, centralized switching fabric.The enforcement of multilevel interchange frame can be distributed to LCC, and these LCC can use multichannel communication to communicate on optical interconnects.In addition, one or more central switching nodes such as central authorities' exchange control frame, can be merged in multi-chassis router.In arbitrary situation, use multichannel communication all can reduce and implement the required optical cable total length of switching fabric, and can reduce desired optical cable number of ports on each LCC.Consequently, (scaled) multi-chassis router that can more easily stretch merge increase the routing node of quantity, and need not to meet or exceed the restriction that will be disposed at the arbitrary physical size in wherein the environment at multi-chassis router.
In one embodiment, the present invention is introduced in multimachine frame multi-chassis router, and this router comprises: a plurality of routing nodes that are operating as individual router in network, and a switching fabric of transmitting bag between described a plurality of routing nodes.This switching fabric comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of at least one these routing node that are coupled.
In another embodiment, the present invention is introduced in multimachine frame multi-chassis router, this router comprises: a plurality of N that in network, operates routing node as individual router, and one have the multilevel interchange frame M level, transmit bag between described a plurality of routing nodes.Multi-chassis router comprises that also N * (M-1) is individual via the be coupled multichannel Point-to-Point Data interconnecting member of datum plane of routing node of this switching fabric.
In another embodiment, the present invention is introduced in the optical cable that is used for connecting at multi-chassis router a plurality of routing nodes.This optical cable comprises: be used for an optical cable input from the first routing node receiving optical signals of described a plurality of routing nodes, and each a plurality of optical branching devices (optical tap) that are used for the described light signal of a part is outputed to remaining routing node.Described a plurality of optical branching device is substantially equally cut apart the luminous energy of this light signal in the remaining node of a plurality of routing nodes.
In another embodiment, the present invention is introduced in one group of optical cable of N the network equipment that be used to interconnect, and this group optical cable comprises N optical cable, and wherein N is the integer more than or equal to 2.Among this N optical cable each all comprises: is used for from an input of first receiving optical signals of a described N network equipment, and N-1 the optical branching device that is used for light signal is outputed to described N-1 rest network device.This N-1 optical branching device is cut apart light signal so that the basic equal portions of this light signal are outputed in this N-1 the rest network device.
In a further embodiment, the present invention concentrates on a kind of method, this method comprises: one of a plurality of routing nodes in multi-chassis router are located to receive bag, are selected wavelength (wherein, this wavelength is corresponding to a routing node in this multi-chassis router) and handle to be transferred to the secondary route node of routing node via the switching fabric with optical interconnects via first routing node of the routing node of this bag from this multi-chassis router of the light signal with selected wavelength based on the information in this bag.
Again further among the embodiment, the present invention is introduced in a kind of network equipment, and this device comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of a plurality of forward node and one group of these forward node that are coupled.This network equipment connects other device on network.
In embodiment further, the present invention is introduced in a plurality of network equipments that are coupled on the network, and a multimachine frame network equipment that is connected a plurality of network equipments on this network.This multimachine frame network equipment comprises: a plurality of nodes of operating as single assembly in this network, and the switching fabric of transmitting data plane packet between described a plurality of nodes.This switching fabric comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of one group of these node that are coupled.
Embodiments of the invention can provide one or more beneficial effects.For example, described technology provides the selection to multi-chassis router (be included in special-purpose frame among centralized switching fabric).Need not to comprise the special-purpose frame of centralized switching fabric, each frame in multi-chassis router also all can comprise external network interface.Illustrated technology allow flexible multi-chassis router and the bandwidth capacity and need not that need not to limit the switching fabric of centrally-located limit can the optical cable connector jack that physics is suitable on single central chassis quantity.Frequency multiplexing technique merges a plurality of logics and connects in the LCC of multi-chassis router, thereby reduces the quantity of cable connector jack and interconnect the required optical cable quantity of LCC.This has just reduced the physical complexity of multi-chassis router and has increased the physical space that can be used for such as other purposes such as external network interfaces.
In the drawing and description below one or more embodiments of the detail of the present invention will be described.Other characteristics of the present invention, purpose, advantage will be from specification and accompanying drawings, and become in claims and know.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the example block diagram that contains the computing environment of multi-chassis router among the service provider network;
Fig. 2 shows a kind of block diagram of exemplary multi-chassis router;
Fig. 3 comprises the schematic diagram of system that the multiple signals that contain a plurality of passages is loaded into the optical cable of other switching fabric from a certain switching fabric;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram that has been shown in further detail the exemplary ply-yarn drill frame with a routing engine and a plurality of ply-yarn drills;
Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of three-level network;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that comprises the optical cable of a plurality of optical branching devices that are configured to the five equilibrium light input signal;
Fig. 7 shows the block diagram of the exemplary multi-chassis router that is included in 16 ply-yarn drill frames that are arranged in the circular layout.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the example of the network environment 2 that contains multi-chassis router 4 among the service provider network 6.For exemplary purpose, principle of the present invention describes according to the network environment of having simplified among Fig. 12, wherein, multi-chassis router 4 communicates to provide customer network 8A～8C (" customer network 8 ") to come network 6 is conducted interviews with edge router 5A and 5B (" edge router 5 ").Multi-chassis router 4 can be with edge router 5 exchange routing informations so that keep the accurately expression of the topological structure of network environment 2.Multi-chassis router 4 can be made of a plurality of cooperation route parts that are operating as individual node among service provider network 6.
Therefore though not shown, service provider network 6 can connect one or more networks of being managed by other providers, and can form a part as extensive public network infrastructure such as the Internets.And then customer network 8 can be considered the edge network of the Internet.Service provider network 6 can provide calculation element in the customer network 8 of access internet, and can allow the calculation element in the customer network 8 to intercom mutually.In another example, service provider network 6 can be provided services on the Internet in the core of the Internet.In above-mentioned arbitrary example, service provider network 6 can comprise various network devices (not shown) rather than multi-chassis router 4 and edge router 5, such as additional router, switch, server or other device.
Shown in example in, edge router 5A is coupled in customer network 8A via access link 9A, and edge router 5B is coupled in customer network 8B and 8C respectively via access link 9B and 9C.Customer network 8 can be and is used for the geographical network of going up the enterprise site that separates.Customer network 8 can comprise one or more calculation element (not shown), such as: PC, portable computer, palmtop PC, work station, server, switch, printer, customer data center or other device.The structure of network environment 2 shown in Figure 1 only is exemplary.For example, service provider network 6 can be coupled in the customer network 8 of any amount.Yet, for convenience of description, in Fig. 1, only show customer network 8A～8C.
Consistent with principle of the present invention, multi-chassis router 4 comprises a plurality of routing nodes (not illustrating at Fig. 1), and they physically are coupled and construct and are used as single routing node and operate.That is, for the edge router at the same level 5 of network environment 2, multi-chassis router 4 is shown as single route device.For example, though multi-chassis router 4 comprises a plurality of routing nodes, but from the angle of edge router 5 at the same level, multi-chassis router 4 has the single network address and keeps single route conversation at the same level to be used to keep each Routing Protocol with the route conversation at the same level of each edge router 5.
Following further specifying, a plurality of routing nodes of multi-chassis router 4 are transmitted bag by using multiplexed optical interconnects on the datum plane of multi-chassis router 4, that is, and network traffics.Chain of command communication between a plurality of routing nodes of multi-chassis router 4 also can be by using duplex light interlinking or taking place by alternate manner.Multi-chassis router 4 comprises multilevel interchange frame, and such as 3 grades of Clos switching fabrics, it is wrapping via optical interconnects relaying (relay) between these routing nodes by the use multichannel communication.Term bag used herein refers to be fixed length be again elongated data cell.In different structures, only fixed-length data unit, elongated data cell or not only fixed length but also elongated data cell all can have been carried out relaying between these routing nodes only.
In a certain exemplary configurations, the at different levels of switching fabric can nonconcentrated mode distribute in the independent routing node of multi-chassis router.For example, multi-chassis router can comprise a plurality of ply-yarn drill frames (LCC), and it is cooperated mutually so that be operating as individual router in the network, and need not to comprise distinct, centralized switching fabric.The realization of multilevel interchange frame can be distributed in LCC, and LCC can communicate by using multichannel communication.In addition, one or more central switching fabric nodes such as exchange control frame (SCC), can be incorporated multi-chassis router into.In arbitrary situation, the use of the multichannel communication between these routing nodes can provide some beneficial effect.For example, the use of multichannel communication has reduced to realizing the required optical cable total length of switching fabric of interconnecting nodes.In addition, multichannel communication can reduce the quantity of optical cable interface required on each routing node.Its result is exactly that the routing node quantity that multi-chassis router 4 can more conveniently stretch and merge increase will be configured in any physical size limitations of relevant environment aspect wherein and need not to meet or exceed multi-chassis router.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of block diagram of exemplary multi-chassis router 120 via network route data packets between network equipment.Multi-chassis router 120 for example can illustrate in greater detail the example of the multi-chassis router 4 of Fig. 1.
As shown in Figure 2, multi-chassis router 120 comprises a plurality of route parts that are operating as the cooperation of individual node among the network.In this example, multi-chassis router 120 comprises four essentially identical LCC 128A～128D (" LCC 128 ").In other example, multi-chassis router can comprise more or less LCC, and also can comprise the central routing node that connects these LCC.
The available one group of ply-yarn drill 134A～134D of among the LCC 128 each (" LC134 ") constructs, and wherein each all comprises Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) and the network service of one group of one or more stand-alone interface card (IFC) (not shown) to be used to arrive He leave away.In this example, each all also comprises among the LCC 128: one of routing engine 130A～130D (" routing engine 130 "), and the electronic device that is used to implement switching fabric 125A～125D (" switching fabric 125 ") a plurality of parts wherein.
Switching fabric 125 is provided at the multistage switches of transmitting bag between the LCC 128.As described herein, switching fabric 125 comprises multiplexed optical interconnects 136, and its interconnection is distributed in independently switching fabric 125A～125D those parts wherein of LCC 128.In this example, multiplexed optical interconnects 136 is made of two groups of N optical cables of interconnection LCC 128, and wherein N represents the quantity of LCC, that is, in this example, N=4.That is to say that in this example, every group of optical cable all comprises four optical cables, one of these four optical cables are connected in the multichannel light output on each LCC128.In an example, switching fabric 125 is three grades of switching fabrics, and each LCC 128 comprises among these three grades the part of each.First group of optical cable in the multi-chassis router 120 all is connected to the level 1 of each LCC 128A the level 2 of each LCC.Second group of used optical cable all is connected to the level 2 of each LCC128 the level 3 of each LCC in multi-chassis router 120.Following further specifying, for each level of this switching fabric, given LCC 128 such as LCC 128A, can come (to communicate as among the LCC 128B～128D) each with other LCC by using single optical cable to export the multichannel communication mode.By this way, not to use 2N
2Individual optical cable, but 3 grades of switching fabrics of N the routing node (LCC 128) of interconnection in the multi-chassis router 120 only just can be provided with 2N optical cable.In other embodiments, optical cable more or less all can be used for connecting the different piece of switching fabric 125.
Continue the example with Fig. 2, multiplexed optical interconnects 136 comprises eight optical cables altogether.For example, each all can be similar to the optical interconnects 136A among Fig. 3 substantially among these eight optical cables.The switching fabric 125 that is used for each LCC 128 all comprises two multichannel light outputs, that is, output is to be used for the first order from switching fabric to partial communication, and another output is the communication that is used for from the second level to the third level.Be used among eight multichannel light output of four LCC 128 each and all be connected to not same among eight optical interconnects 136.Each also has six inputs with from other LCC 128 received signals LCC 128.Each optical cable all comprises three optical branching devices, and they are distributed to light signal the input of other LCC 128.In certain embodiments, the optical branching device of optical cable is configured the light signal that comes being connected in the basic equal portions of output among all optical branching devices of this optical cable.In one embodiment, LCC 128 exports multichannel communication by the different wave length passage of transmission same light signal.The wavelength channel that mails to a specific LCC 128 in these LCC 128 parts by isolation, related channel program is separated from the optical channel that is used for other LCC 128.Also can use the frequency multiplexing technique of other form, such as time-division multiplex technology (TDM).
The bag that routing engine 130A～130D (" routing engine 130 ") control is transmitted by multi-chassis router 120.Independent optical cable 137 can be used to share chain of command information between routing engine 130.For example, routing engine can communicate with exchange routing information, state information, structured data and out of Memory mutually via optical cable 137.For example, this routing information can comprise: describe the route data via the various routes of this network, also have in the suitable neighboring devices of network indication that is used for each route next to jump apart from data.Routing engine 130 upgrades routing information and accurately reflects current network topology structure.Be similar to optical interconnects 136, it is used for relay data plane flow between LCC 128, and optical cable 137 also can be the multichannel optical interconnection.
Routing engine 130 also uses routing information to derive forwarding information base (forwarding information bases is called for short FIB).Routing engine 130 is all installed FIB among each LCC128.The FIB that is used for one of LCC 128 can be same or different from the FIB of other LCC 128.Routing engine 130 can communicate via optical cable 137 and coordinate the FIB installation.Because providing special-purpose, optical cable 137 connects, promptly transmit the connection of separating the connection from the packet that between LCC 128, is provided by multiplexed optical interconnects 136, so the bag that the FIB among the routing engine 130 need not to interrupt to carry out multi-chassis router 120 is transmitted and just can be upgraded.
Following example shows the bag of multi-chassis router 120 and transmits operation.The bag that arrives is at first received from network by the IFC of the LC 134 of for example LC 134B, and this LC 134 is introduced into one of its PFE, hereinafter is called the PFE that is received.The PFE that is received just is identified for next distance that jumps of packet then by the FIB that routing engine provided as routing engine 130B of use on LCC.If this packet is addressed to a link of leaving away on a LCC 128 identical with the IFC of initial this bag of reception, the PFE that is received just transmits this and wraps described link of leaving away.In this way, the bag that sends on by the identical PFE that this network received is just walked around switching fabric 125.
Otherwise the PFE that is received sends to switching fabric 125 with this packet, and wherein, it is distributed among the correct LCC that leaves away, i.e. one of LCC 128.In the LCC that LCC 128 is left away, this packet just is forwarded to the PFE that leaves away.In certain embodiments, packet is divided into littler fixed-length data unit in the PFE part that is received.Then, these fixed-length data unit just can be sent to the described PFE that leaves away respectively, and wherein, they are assembled into original, bigger packet again.These littler fixed-length data unit are not that each is all along the same paths between PFE that is received and the described PFE that leaves away.These embodiment can provide than before transmitting on the switching fabric 125 not the embodiment of divided bigger packet to switching fabric 125 more efficient use.The PFE that leaves away outputs to suitable next distance that jumps via one of IFC on some LC 134 with packet.Therefore, just can be sent to next distance that jumps along the route of the final purpose of this bag by one of LCC 128 received, arrive bag by another LCC 128.Can use different exchanges and route mechanism with other multi-chassis router that the mode of principle unanimity of the present invention is operated.
Multi-chassis router 120, especially LCC 128 can comprise hardware, firmware and/or software, and can comprise processor, control unit, discrete hardware circuit or be used for carrying out other logical circuit of the instruction of extracting from computer-readable medium.The example of these media comprises: hard disk, flash memory, random-access memory (ram), read-only memory (ROM), nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM), Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) or the like.
Be described to have when four nodes and each node all have the part of three grades of switching fabrics at multi-chassis router 120, other embodiment also can comprise node more or less, and/or has than being positioned at more than the about three grades switching fabric on the node.In any of these embodiment, optical cable in groups connects the not at the same level of switching fabric among being used in the different nodes of multi-chassis router.For example, in multi-chassis router, comprise that each first group of N the optical cable of some optical cables that is used for N node can be used to the first order of this switching fabric is coupled to the second level with N node.Comprise that each second group of N the optical cable of some optical cables that is used for N node can be used to the third level is coupled in the second level of this switching fabric, thereby make 2N optical cable in the datum plane of multi-chassis router 120, carry out three grades of switching fabrics.In N optical cable each all can comprise: be used for from the single input of first receiving optical signals of N node, and be used for this light signal is outputed to N-1 optical branching device among the remaining node.Expand the switching fabric of this structure to any M of comprising level, wherein M is 2 at least, and this just provides M-1 group optical cable or more particularly, altogether the individual optical cable of N * (M-1).
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that has been shown in further detail Fig. 2 part, and is shown in the switching fabric 125A that optical interconnects 136A upward outputs to multiple signals 240 switching fabric 125B～125D.Optical interconnects 136A distributes multiple signals to switching fabric 125B～125D via optical branching device 283A～283C (" optical branching device 283 ").
Switching fabric 125A comprises optical signal transmitter 281.Optical signal transmitter 281 emissions contain the light signal of a plurality of passages that possess different wave length.For example, optical signal transmitter 281 can use and be used for each different wavelength of laser.In example shown in Figure 3, optical signal transmitter 281 can launch comprise up to three wavelength light signal-it is corresponding to each switching fabric 125B～125D.
A plurality of wavelength are by the synthetic single light signal 240 of physical set in multiplexer 282.From multiplexer 282, light signal 240 enters optical cable 236 via optical cable connector 237.Light signal 240 has no to pass optical fiber 239 with hindering and arrives optical branching device 283A up to light signal 240.For passing through of allowing to have no to hinder, optical fiber 239 for example can be made by glass with suitable optical communication feature or plastics.
Optical branching device 283A is from the 241A of first of optical fiber 239 lead-in light signal 240 again.The 241A of first of light signal 240 is same as initial optical signal 240, except the 241A of first of light signal 240 has than the lower density of initial optical signal 240.The 241A of first of light signal 240 passes wavelength filter 284A, and it filters out corresponding to communication port but the wavelength that is not directed to switching fabric 125B contains the optical channel of the information that mails to switching fabric 125B of making a stab with isolation.Contain to some extent attempt and mail to the wavelength of the information of switching fabric 125B and can keep identical, thus always make filter 284A isolate identical wavelength no matter the content of light signal 240 how.
Detector 285A detects the 241A of first filtering, light signal 240 of institute.For example, detector 285A can be: the p passage, intrinsic (intrinsic), n channel detector (PIN detector), avalanche photodide (avalanche photodiode is called for short APD) or other detector.Detector 285A converts the 241A of first institute's filtering, light signal 240 to the signal of telecommunication, and detector 285A communicates itself and switching fabric 125B.
After tapping point 241A, light signal 240 continues to arrive optical branching device 283B up to light signal 240 forward along optical fiber 239.Optical branching device 283B makes second portion 241B turn to from light signal 240.Second portion 241B carries out filtering by wavelength filter 284B.Be similar to wavelength filter 284A, wavelength filter 284B isolates the passage of the information that containing makes a stab mails to switching fabric 125C.In general, wavelength filter 284B isolates the passage that is different from wavelength filter 284A and 284C.The second portion 241B of institute's filtering is detected by detector 285B, and detector 285B is forwarded to switching fabric 125C to the corresponding signal of telecommunication then.
After optical branching device 283B, 241C partly is light signal 240 all remainders in the optical fiber 239.Whole 241C part is all by optical tapoff point 283C collection and by wavelength filter 284C filtering.The second portion 241C of institute's filtering is detected by detector 285C, and then, detector 285C is forwarded to switching fabric 125D to the corresponding signal of telecommunication.
In the exemplary embodiment, optical branching device 283 is configured to substantially equally cut apart light signal 240.In this example, optical branching device 283A removes 1/3rd light signal 240 and optical branching device 283B removes half in last 2/3rds light signals 240.This just stays 1/3rd light signals 240 and gives optical branching device 283C, and it all consumes 1/3rd light signals 240 part, remaining as 241C.
Filter 284A～284C and detector 285A～285C can or be the part of optical interconnects 136A or are the part of switching fabric 125, or the two combination.Similarly, multiplexer 282 both the part of optical interconnects 136A also can be the part of switching fabric 125A or the two combination.
Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of the exemplary multi-chassis router 320 of the detailed view that comprises ply-yarn drill frame (LCC) 328A, a routing node of its expression multi-chassis router.Other routing node, that is, LCC 328B～LCC 328D is similar to LCC328A usually.Furthermore, multi-chassis router 320 can be similar or be same as the multi-chassis router 120 of Fig. 2.For simplicity, in Fig. 4, do not describe in detail about the multi-chassis router 320 described details identical with multi-chassis router 120.
In this example, LCC 328A comprises routing engine 330A and four ply-yarn drills (LC) 334A1～334A4 (" LC 334A ").Each LC 334A in LCC 328A comprises Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) 332A.Each LC 334A further comprises group interface card (IFC) 368A, and it is provided for receiving bag and sends the physical interface that wraps external network.Each LC 334A also comprises LC controller 366A, its according to come from routing engine 330A instruction and in LC 334A execution control function.
When one of the IFC on LC 334A1 368A1 received the packet that arrives, IFC 368A1 just transmitted the packet of described arrival and gives PFE 332A1.PFE 332A1 just determines whether the packet that is arrived has the purpose that this packet of requirement is forwarded to one of the IFC 368A1 of LCC 328A, and the FIB that perhaps requires this packet to be provided according to routing engine 330A is forwarded to another IFC in multi-chassis router 320.If the packet that is arrived will be by arbitrary 368A1 output of the IFC of LCC 328A, PFE 332A1 just transmits this packet to one of IFC suitable 368A1.If not like this, PFE 332A1 with regard to transmit this packet to switching fabric part 325A to be relayed to different LCC 328 via multiplexed optical interconnects.
Switching fabric part 325A and the similar switching fabric that resides among LCC 328B～328D thereof partly constitute three grades of switching fabrics.For example, the Clos network that all comprises a plurality of crossbar switchs during these three grades of switching fabrics can be every grade.Among LCC 328A～328D (LCC 328) each all comprises in these three grades the part of each.Shown in switching fabric part 325A, will at first be sent to level 1 switch 372A from the packet of LC 334A1 association to be transferred to level 2 switches.Level 1 switch 372A can be crossbar switch or other switch.In other embodiments, the part of the level 1 on the LCC 328A can comprise an above crossbar switch.Other N-1 part of the level 1 of this switching fabric is positioned at LCC 328B～328D similarly.
In case received by level 1 switch 372A, bag just is directed to the second level of the switching fabric among one of LCC 328 of multi-chassis router 320.For example, this packet can be directed to level 2 switch 374A, and it is positioned at the inside of the switching fabric part 325A of LCC 328A, and in this case, this bag is not relayed to different of LCC 328 via the multichannel optical communication.Otherwise, this packet encrypt as light signal by reflector 381A and by multiplexer 382A be transferred among one of LCC 328B～328D the level 2 switching fabric parts.Control reflector 381A uses the wavelength of the downstream wavelength filter on one of LCC 328B～328D of mailing to corresponding to this packet attempt.
As shown in Figure 4, level 2 switch 374A not only receive bag from switch 372A, and receive bag from level 1 switch that is similar to that is positioned on LCC 328B～328D.Input 384A～384C (" input 384 ") receives the bag that comes from level 1 part that is positioned on LCC 328B～328D via optical cable.Each input 384 all is coupled in the optical branching device of different optical cables and the not same receiving optical signals from LCC 328B～328D.Light signal carries out filtering to isolate the wavelength that mails to the packet of level 2 switch 374A corresponding to attempt in input 384 parts.The packet that receives in level 2 switch 374A parts or directly be forwarded to level 3 switch 376A, or be relayed to level 3 switches that are positioned at LCC 328B～328D via reflector 381B and multiplexer 382B.
Input 385A～385C (" input 385 ") receives bag via optical cable from level 2 switches that are positioned at LCC328B-328D.Be similar to input 384, each input 385 all is coupled in the optical branching device of different optical cables and the not same receiving optical signals from LCC 328B～328D.These light signals carry out filtering to isolate the wavelength that mails to the packet of level 3 switch 376A corresponding to attempt at input 385 places.
Level 3 switch 376A comprise the discrete output (not shown) of each the PFE 332A that is connected on LC 334A.The bag that level 3 switch 376A are received is directed to PFE 332A corresponding to the desired one group of IFC 368A of this bag purpose.For instance, if bag is received by PFE 332A1, then PFE 332A1 transmits this according to this bag purpose and wraps among this group IFC 368A one.
Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of the logical expressions of three grades of switching networks 470.For example, but the switching fabric 125 of three-level network 470 logical expressions Fig. 2.As represented by dotted line 425A～425N, three levels of this of network 470 distribute by the routing node (" routing node 425 ") of multi-chassis router.This of network 470 comprises for three grades: by the level 1 of crossbar switch (crossbar switch) 472A～472N (general designation " switch 472 ") formation, the level 2 that constitutes by crossbar switch 474A～474N (general designation " switch 474 "), and the level 3 that constitutes by crossbar switch 476A～476N (general designation " switch 476 ").Switch 472 receives packet via input 478A～478N (general designation " input 478 ").Switch 476 is via output 480A～480N (general designation " output 480 ") this packet of relaying.As shown in Figure 5, each grade of three-level network 470 all comprises the crossbar switch of equal number.In other embodiments, these grades can comprise the crossbar switch of varying number.For example, level 2 can comprise than level 1 or level 3 more crossbar switchs and can be output 480 open and export this possibility that is hindered to reduce or eliminate the open input of input in 478.These extra crossbar switchs in level 2 can be positioned among switching fabric 425 or other place.
In order to set up by network 470 from importing one of 478 paths to required output 480, one of switch 472 relevant with the input that received 478 determined available level 2 switches, and it allows path to be connected to comprise level 3 switches 476 of required output 480.For example, suppose to be relayed to one of output 480 on switch 476A by the bag that switch 472A is received.Switch 472A use switch 472A and switch 476A the two open the connection select arbitrary switch 474.Suppose that switch 472A selects switch 474B.In case switch 474B receives packet, switch 474B just is determined to the available path of switch 476A and transmits this packet to switch 476A.For example, switch 474B can have more than an open approach to switch 476A.
As described herein, these connections between a plurality of levels utilize the light frequency multiplexing technique, and be derived from same switch a plurality of (as, be derived from N-1 the path of switch 472A) to the path of level 2 switch 474A-N, represent the defined N-1 of a different wave length passage that carries by the same light interconnecting member.Each switch in the network 470 all can be determined the path that can be used for wrapping.In this way, the packet that is received by the switch in the level 1 472 can pass the arbitrary switch 474 in, the level 2 476 that received by required switch in the level 3.
When switching fabric was described to comprise three grades of switching networks, switching fabric in other embodiments also can comprise different switching fabrics.For example, the second level in three-level network can be substituted by another three-level network, thereby forms the Pyatyi network.It also might be the switching fabric of other structure.
Fig. 6 shows (that is schematic diagram of the single optical cable 536 of multi-chassis router N=16), that is used to have 16 routing nodes.In this example, optical cable 536 has 15 optical branching device 592A～592O (" optical branching device 592 "), and this generally is indispensable for optical cable.Optical branching device 592 is configured the luminous energy of the light signal that five equilibrium received from reflector 581 and multiplexer 582 on optical cable 536.Optical cable 536 is depicted as and is coupled in wavelength filter and detector set component 584A-584O (" sub-assembly 584 ").Sub-assembly 584 is isolated the passage that is contained in the data in this light signal, and transmits the passage of being isolated to such as the network equipments such as node in the multi-chassis router.In this example, because there are 15 optical branching devices 592 to wait spectroscopic signals, so each optical branching device 592 all is designed to remove by 1/15th of the whole signal strength signal intensity of the initial optical signal of reflector 581 transmission.
The structure of spectroscopic signals such as realization is as follows.Optical branching device 592A removes 1/15th of its signal that receives.Yet, because the signal strength signal intensity of each remaining optical branching device 592 has all reduced, so each follow-up optical branching device 592 is all removed the last signal strength signal intensity of a bigger part.Specifically, each optical branching device 592 all by formula 1 is removed a certain proportion of last signal strength signal intensity:
P=l/N
r, (formula 1)
Wherein, P equals to be partial to the ratio of the luminous energy of this optical branching device, and N
rEqual the quantity of the residue tapping point of this optical cable.
Subsequently, as above shown in the example, sub-portion that can be littler makes optical cable 536.This can be used for the upgrading of multi-chassis router, and wherein, new node is added among the system that is pre-existing in.For example, the multi-chassis router that comprises four nodes can use the optical cable that only comprises as three optical branching devices of optical branching device 592M～592O of Fig. 6.Comprise eight nodes if this multi-chassis router is extended to, then require to have the optical cable that possesses seven optical branching devices.The upstream side that the portion as the optical cable of more four optical branching devices of optical branching device 592I～592L of comprising can be added to optical cable has the optical cable of seven optical branching devices with generation, thereby is provided to the average signal distributions as these optical branching devices of optical branching device 592I～592O.As long as light signal strength still is fit to, this technology can be used to expand optical cable comprising the optical branching device of any amount, and maintains being evenly distributed of light signal between all optical branching devices on this optical cable simultaneously, thereby is convenient to the flexible of multi-chassis router.
Fig. 7 shows and comprises 16 LCC 628A～628P (LCC 628) of being arranged in circular layout vertical view in wherein multi-chassis router 640 embodiment.Multi-chassis router 640 is operated in the mode of the multi-chassis router 120 that is similar to Fig. 2 substantially.For simplicity, the description details relevant for the multi-chassis router 640 identical with multi-chassis router 120 does not go through in Fig. 7.
LCC 628 utilizes three grades of switching fabrics with multiplexed optical interconnects.For example, these three grades of switching fabrics can be similar to the three-level network 470 of Fig. 5.These three grades of switching fabrics comprise that multiplexed optical interconnects 636 is to be used to be connected the different piece of three grades of switching fabrics on the LCC 628.In this example, each LCC 628 comprises two reflectors: reflector emission multipath light signal is transmitting packet to level 2 from level 1, and another reflector emission multipath light signal is to transmit packets to level 3 from level 2.Each LCC 628 comprises that also 30 light signal input-one one are corresponding to two reflectors on all 15 LCC 628 at other.
Each LCC 628 has trapezoidal frame, so that LCC 628 can be placed among the similar round structure easily.The multichannel optical cable of producing as described herein can be arranged among the interior circle of multi-chassis router 640, with the switching fabric of interconnection LCC 628.The trapezoidal shape of LCC 628 also can provide bigger surface area relatively on exposed side 654A～654O of LCC 628.The big surface area of exposed side 654A～654O can be used to locate a large amount of slots has physical network interface with insertion interface card.The trapezoidal shape of LCC 628 limits the whole contact area of multi-chassis router 640 again.Specifically, in this example, the trapezoidal shape of LCC628 allows 17 LCC 628 tightly to put together with circle.Yet multi-chassis router 640 only utilizes 16 effective (active) LCC 628.This structure less than full circle provides gap 660, its allow the keeper convenient that for example during maintenance service, may need, to the visit at multi-chassis router 662 centers.Other structure with multi-chassis router of trapezoidal node also is possible, and for example, multi-chassis router can comprise that two groups are arranged among the independent circular configuration respectively and node that connected by optical cable.As another example, a plurality of nodes can superpose each other to constitute adjacent circular configuration.
Various embodiment of the present invention has been described.Yet the modification that described embodiment is carried out still within the scope of the present invention.For example, with reference to when utilizing the non-centralized multi-chassis router of multiplexed optical interconnects to be illustrated by use wavelength division multiplex technology, embodiments of the invention also comprise the multi-chassis router of single head or bull.In addition, also can be used among the switching fabric of multi-chassis router such as other frequency multiplexing technique of time-division multiplex technology (TDM).In addition, these technology can be used for other point-to-point communication medium except light, suppose that this point-to-point communication medium has the basic product that surpasses the bandwidth time delay (bandwidth-delay) of conventional copper conduction.Term " bandwidth time delay " refers to connection capacity (is unit with the bits per second) and multiply by the product of its end to end time delay (is unit with the second).Its result is that the measured data volume of unit equals " in the air " data volume at arbitrary given time with position (or byte), that is, be transmitted but not received byte number.The bandwidth time delay product of light for example can be come out by the 10GHz bandwidth calculation of transmitting hundreds of meters distances.These and other embodiment is among the described scope of appending claims.
Claims (40)
1. multi-chassis router comprises:
A plurality of routing nodes, described a plurality of routing nodes are operated as the individual router in the network; And
Switching fabric, described switching fabric are transmitted bag between described a plurality of routing nodes, wherein said switching fabric comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of at least one these routing node that are used to be coupled.
2. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described multiplexed optical interconnects comprises a plurality of optical branching devices, described a plurality of optical branching devices are distributed to other routing node to the transmission route node of light signal from described a plurality of routing nodes.
3. multi-chassis router according to claim 2, wherein, described a plurality of optical branching devices are distributed to each routing node described other routing node to a plurality of basic moiety of described light signal from described transmission route node.
4. multi-chassis router according to claim 1,
Wherein, described multi-chassis router has N routing node, and
Wherein, described multiplexed optical interconnects is one of in one group of N multiplexed optical interconnects, and wherein N multiplexed optical interconnects of this group comprises a multiplexed optical interconnects that is coupled in each routing node in many routing nodes of described N.
5. multi-chassis router according to claim 4,
Wherein, described switching fabric has the M level,
Wherein, N multiplexed optical interconnects of this group is first group of N multiplexed optical interconnects, and
Wherein, described multi-chassis router comprises N multiplexed optical interconnects of M-1 group altogether.
6. multi-chassis router according to claim 4, wherein, each among a plurality of nodes all comprises an output, described output sends to signal the residue node of described a plurality of node on one of this group multiplexed optical interconnects.
7. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described switching fabric is a multilevel interchange frame, and provides connection between at least two levels of described multiplexed optical interconnects in described multilevel interchange frame.
8. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, each routing node among described a plurality of routing nodes all comprises filter, described filter is isolated the different wave length via the light signal that described optical interconnects transmitted.
9. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of routing nodes comprise the ply-yarn drill frame.
10. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described switching fabric is a multilevel interchange frame, and wherein, each node all is included in the part of each grade among the described multilevel interchange frame.
11. multi-chassis router according to claim 10,
Wherein, described multiplexed optical interconnects comprises many optical cables, and
Wherein, described many optical cables provide connection between the part of each grade among the described multilevel interchange frame.
12. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, a transmission route node in described a plurality of routing node outputs to other routing node to light signal by using wavelength division multiplex, time-division multiplex or Code Division Multiplex via described multiplexed optical interconnects.
13. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, each routing node all comprises:
First optical transmitting set, its emission multipath light signal is to be forwarded to the second level to the first order of wrapping from described switching fabric; And
Second optical transmitting set, its emission multipath light signal is to be forwarded to the third level to the second level of wrapping from described switching fabric.
14. multi-chassis router according to claim 13, wherein, described multiplexed optical interconnects is arranged among the inside of described multi-chassis router with the circle described switching fabric that interconnects.
15. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of routing nodes of described multi-chassis router are substantially being that the layout of circle is arranged.
16. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, each routing node all has the basic trapezoidal frame that is.
17. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of nodes are configured to be convenient to these nodes basic comprising circle when interconnecting.
18. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described a plurality of node locating are in the structure less than full circle, and the gap that provides the center to described multi-chassis router to conduct interviews is provided this structure.
19. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described bag is the fixed-length data unit.
20. multi-chassis router according to claim 1, wherein, described bag is elongated data cell.
21. a multi-chassis router comprises:
A plurality of N routing nodes, described a plurality of N routing nodes are operated as the individual router in the network;
M level switching fabric, it transmits bag between described a plurality of routing nodes; And
The individual multichannel Point-to-Point Data interconnecting member of N * (M-1), it is via the be coupled datum plane of routing node of described switching fabric.
22. multi-chassis router according to claim 21, wherein, each in the described multichannel interconnecting member all is loaded into N-1 residue routing node to the transmission route node of light signal from described a plurality of routing nodes.
23. an optical cable that is used for connecting at multi-chassis router a plurality of routing nodes comprises:
The optical cable input, its first routing node receiving optical signals from described a plurality of routing nodes; And
A plurality of optical branching devices, the part of its described light signal output to each routing node in the remaining routing node,
Wherein, described a plurality of optical branching device is divided into equal portions to the luminous energy of described light signal substantially among the remaining routing node of described a plurality of routing nodes.
24. optical cable according to claim 23 further comprises a plurality of wavelength filters, is used to filter the light signal of being cut apart by described a plurality of optical branching device.
25. optical cable according to claim 24, wherein, each of described a plurality of wavelength filters is all isolated different wavelength.
26. the optical cable of one group of N network equipment that be used to interconnect, this group optical cable comprises:
N bar optical cable, wherein, N is the integer more than or equal to 2,
Wherein, each in the described N bar optical cable all comprises: be used for coming an input of receiving optical signals from first of a described N network equipment, and N-1 the optical branching device that is used for described light signal is outputed to described N-1 rest network device,
Wherein, a described N-1 optical branching device is cut apart described light signal a plurality of basic moiety of described light signal is outputed to N-1 remaining network equipment.
27. one group of optical cable according to claim 26, wherein, each the bar optical cable in the described N bar optical cable all further comprises a plurality of wavelength filters, is used to filter the light signal of being cut apart by described a plurality of optical branching device.
28. one group of optical cable according to claim 27, wherein, each wavelength filter in a plurality of wavelength filters in the optical cable in described N bar optical cable is all isolated different wavelength.
29. one group of optical cable according to claim 26, wherein, N is selected from 4,16 or 32 group.
30. a method comprises:
One of a plurality of routing nodes in multi-chassis router locate to receive bag;
Select wavelength based on the information in the described bag, wherein, described wavelength is corresponding to one of described a plurality of routing nodes in described multi-chassis router; And
Being transferred to secondary route node described a plurality of routing node from first routing node of described a plurality of routing nodes of described multi-chassis router via switching fabric with optical interconnects via the bag of light signal with selected wavelength.
31. method according to claim 30 further comprises:
Receive a plurality of parts of described light signal with at least two other routing nodes of described multi-chassis router; And
Described a plurality of parts of filtering described light signal are isolated a plurality of wavelength that are used for the routing node that received.
32. method according to claim 30, wherein, described light signal is in conjunction with wavelength division multiplex (WDM).
33. method according to claim 30, wherein, described switching fabric is the datum plane switching fabric.
34. method according to claim 30, wherein, described packet is the fixed-length data bag.
35. a network equipment comprises:
A plurality of forward node, described a plurality of forward node are coupled in the multiple arrangement in network; And
One group of multiplexed optical interconnects is used for described a plurality of forward node are intercoupled.
36. network equipment according to claim 35, wherein, each all comprises an output among described a plurality of forward node, and described output sends to remaining forward node in described a plurality of forward node to signal by the single multiplexed optical interconnects of described a plurality of multiplexed optical interconnects.
37. network equipment according to claim 35, wherein, described network equipment is switch or router.
38. a system comprises:
A plurality of network equipments, it is coupled in network; And
Multimachine frame network equipment, it connects described a plurality of network equipments on described network, and wherein said multimachine frame network equipment comprises:
A plurality of nodes, it is operated as the single assembly in the described network, and
Switching fabric, it transmits data plane packet between described a plurality of nodes, and wherein said switching fabric comprises the multiplexed optical interconnects of one group of these node that are coupled.
39. according to the described system of claim 38, wherein said a plurality of nodes comprise N node, wherein said switching fabric comprises the M level, and wherein, described one group of multiplexed optical interconnects comprises the bar optical cable of N * (M-1).
40. according to the described system of claim 38, wherein, described system is a data center.
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| US83925206P | 2006-08-21 | 2006-08-21 | |
| US60/839,252 | 2006-08-21 | ||
| US11/832,342 US8050559B2 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2007-08-01 | Multi-chassis router with multiplexed optical interconnects |
| US11/832,342 | 2007-08-01 |
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| CN201075868Y (en) | 2008-06-18 |
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Owner name: JUNIPER NETWORKS INC. Free format text: FORMER NAME: NETSCREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC. |
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| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: California, USA Patentee after: Juniper Networks, Inc. Address before: California, USA Patentee before: Jungle network |