CN101128765A - Display methods and apparatus - Google Patents
Display methods and apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101128765A CN101128765A CNA2006800058082A CN200680005808A CN101128765A CN 101128765 A CN101128765 A CN 101128765A CN A2006800058082 A CNA2006800058082 A CN A2006800058082A CN 200680005808 A CN200680005808 A CN 200680005808A CN 101128765 A CN101128765 A CN 101128765A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- shutter
- voltage
- pixel
- interconnection
- display device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 401
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 89
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005055 memory storage Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004276 hyalin Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 8
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101100179449 Nicotiana tabacum A622 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006387 Vinylite Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005513 bias potential Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001182 laser chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEYCTXHKTXCGPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methaqualone Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1C JEYCTXHKTXCGPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910005171 Si3O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000038 blue colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004247 hand Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Abstract
The invention relates to methods and apparatus for forming images on a display utilizing a control matrix to control the movement of MEMs-based light modulators.
Description
Technical field
This invention relates generally to field of image, the invention particularly relates to the circuit that is used for controlling the photomodulator that is combined in this image display.
Background technology
The display that constitutes with the photomodulator of machinery is based on a kind of alternative replacement scheme that temptation is arranged of the display of liquid crystal technology.The photomodulator of machinery is quick must to be enough to good visual angle and large-scale color and gray scale display of video content.The photomodulator of machinery is achieved success in projection display applications.Yet use the backlit display of the photomodulator of machinery but also not have apparent brightness and the lower powered combination that temptation is enough arranged.In affiliated technical field, need display quick, bright, lower powered mechanical actuation.Especially need can be at a high speed and with the display of the mechanical actuation of low voltage drive to improve picture quality and to reduce power consumption.
Summary of the invention
Such display can use combine with a gating matrix, form based on an array of the shutter assembly of MEMS, this gating matrix comprises being arranged to and opens and closes switch and the electrode that is incorporated into the shutter in this shutter assembly.In one aspect, the present invention relates to a display device.In one embodiment, this display device comprises a pel array.This pel array comprises having a plurality of apertures and corresponding to the substrate (substrate) of a plurality of shutters in these apertures.Each pixel all comprises at least one aperture and the shutter corresponding to this aperture.This display device also comprises a gating matrix that is connected to this substrate.For a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises that a switch, a shutter open electrode and a shutter close electrode.This switch and electrode make it possible to optionally transverse to the move shutter of this pixel of this substrate, with the light of this pixel of modulation directive to form an image.
In various implementations, this switch can be a transistor, a diode or a rheostat.In one embodiment, this switch is arranged to one of control and is applied to this shutter and opens current potential on the electrode.In another embodiment, this switch is arranged to and adjusts a current potential that is applied on this shutter close electrode.In another embodiment, this gating matrix comprises a second switch that is used for this pixel, opens current potential on the electrode and current potential that is applied on this shutter close electrode of this second switch control thereby one of switch control is applied to this shutter.
This gating matrix can also comprise that a memory element is used to store the shutter movement instruction.In one embodiment, open and the shutter close electrode for each shutter, this memory element respectively comprises a capacitor.Alternative alternative memory element includes, but are not limited to, SRAM or DRAM circuit.
In an implementation, this gating matrix comprises that also is used for the interconnection of energizing of writing of this pixel.This is write energizing interconnection and is arranged to and receives and transmit one and write the current potential of energizing, and puts on a pixel if this is write the current potential of energizing, and just makes it possible to this pixel write data.In one embodiment, a plurality of pixels are arranged to a sweep trace.Pixel in a sweep trace is shared a public sweep trace interconnection.
In one embodiment, this gating matrix also comprises a start voltage interconnection.This start voltage interconnection receives and is enough to its amplitude of a pixel transmission current potential of a shutter of start.In other are realized, this gating matrix also comprise one with this start voltage distinct data interconnect that interconnects.So distinct data interconnect is to this pixel transmitting movement instruction, and this movement instruction is adjusted again to this shutter and applied start voltage.In one embodiment, this gating matrix comprises that two data interconnect, a shutter is opened interconnection and a shutter close interconnection.
This display device can comprise data voltage source and start voltage source separately.In the embodiment that two kinds of voltage sources all comprise, this start voltage source is exported one than the high voltage of this data voltage source amplitude.For example the amplitude of this start voltage source output can be the twice at least, four times or five times of amplitude of the output in this data voltage source.
More specifically, in the embodiment of two switches of every pixel, for example in an above-described embodiment, this first switch is electrically connected to this shutter and opens interconnection, first capacitor and this start pressure-wire.This second switch in this pixel is electrically connected to this shutter close interconnection, this second capacitor and the interconnection of this start voltage.Apply a voltage in response to open interconnection by this shutter to this first switch, this first switch promotes this first capacitor discharge, thus the shutter of start correspondence.In response to applying a voltage by this shutter close interconnection to this second switch, this second switch promotes this second capacitor discharge, thus the shutter of start correspondence.In an alternative alternate embodiment, apply a voltage in response to open interconnection by this shutter to this first switch, this first switch promotes this first capacitor charging, thus the shutter of start correspondence.In response to applying a voltage by this shutter close interconnection to this second switch, this second switch promotes this second capacitor charging, thus the shutter of start correspondence.
In various embodiments, this gating matrix comprises an overall common interconnect.This overall situation common interconnect is connected at least two row of this pel array and the pixel in two row.This overall situation common interconnect can play one and make it possible to the almost overall start interconnection of the multirow of start simultaneously pixel.This overall situation common interconnect can also work to be supported in the average dc voltage that 0V is provided on the shutter in this pel array.
A second aspect, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a pel array and a gating matrix.This pel array comprises the substrate with a plurality of apertures and a plurality of shutters.Each pixel all comprises at least one aperture and at least one shutter corresponding to this aperture.Each shutter has at least one basically with the limit movement to of this shutter the mechanical bearings with the parallel plane plane that is limited by this substrate.This gating matrix is connected to this substrate and is used to modulate the light of this substrate of directive to form an image.For a pixel, this gating matrix comprises that a shutter opens electrode, a shutter close electrode and a switch, this switch is used for optionally controlling to be opened electrode and this shutter close electrode one to this shutter and applies a voltage, between this that opens corresponding to the shutter of this pixel and this shutter in electrode and this shutter close electrode, producing an electric field, thereby in this plane of movement, drive this corresponding shutter statically basically transverse to this substrate.
A third aspect, the present invention relates on a display, form the method for an image.In one embodiment, this method comprises a sweep trace selecting this display.This sweep trace comprises a plurality of pixels.This method comprises that also a shutter optionally adjusting a pixel opens a voltage on actuator and/or the shutter close actuator, thereby makes this shutter open can laterally the move shutter of a correspondence of actuator or this shutter close actuator near an aperture in being defined in a substrate.This method also comprises to these a plurality of pixel guide lights to form an image.
In one embodiment, adjusting this voltage comprises a capacitor charging.In another embodiment, adjusting this voltage comprises and makes the discharge of capacitor.In another embodiment, adjust this voltage and comprise to a switch and apply first current potential, apply second current potential that has significantly by a relatively large margin with adjustment with first amplitude.In this embodiment, big this shutter of start that must be enough to of the amplitude of this second current potential is opened in actuator and this shutter close actuator this.
In another embodiment, adjust this voltage and be included in one corresponding to shutter movement instruction of storage on the memory element of a pixel.In various implementations, this memory element can comprise a capacitor, a SRAM circuit or a DRAM circuit.
In one embodiment, make this shutter open can the move shutter of a correspondence of actuator or this shutter close actuator and comprise actuator of excitation.In another embodiment, this enables to comprise that reducing this a needed additional minimum voltage that encourages this shutter to open in actuator and this shutter close actuator significantly changes.Follow-uply apply an overall start voltage and provide the needed maintenance minimum voltage of these pixels of start to change.
In another embodiment, this method comprises a second series pixel selecting to be arranged to one second sweep trace.This second series pixel has corresponding shutter and opens energy storage device and shutter close energy storage device.For in the pixel in this second sweep trace at least one, this method also comprise make one second shutter open one second aperture that actuator or one second shutter close actuator can be in this substrate near laterally move second shutter of a correspondence.Apply an overall start voltage then side by side to start the transverse movement of this corresponding shutter basically.
A fourth aspect, the present invention relates to one and comprise that a pel array and one are used to control the display device of the gating matrix of these pixels.This pel array comprises a substrate with shutter of a plurality of apertures and a plurality of correspondences.Each pixel in this array comprises at least one aperture and corresponding shutter.This shutter is arranged to transverse to this substrate motion.
For a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises that one is write the interconnection of energizing, a start voltage interconnection, a switch and a data voltage interconnection.This writes the interconnection of energizing makes a pixel in this pel array can receive the shutter movement instruction.In one embodiment, a plurality of pixels in this pel array---be called a sweep trace, share public writing interconnection of energizing.The interconnection of this start voltage provides one to be enough to make the voltage that these shutters can transverse movement.In one embodiment, this allows to transverse movement and can comprise actuator that is connected to a shutter of direct-drive.In another embodiment, this allows to transverse movement and comprises that significantly reducing the needed voltage of the start that starts such actuator changes.In such embodiments, the change of the minimum voltage of these needs applies through an overall start interconnection.In one embodiment, this start voltage interconnection is by a plurality of pixels, such as the pixel in the row of this pel array, shares.This switch, for example, transistor, rheostat or a diode optionally apply the voltage that interconnects from this start voltage based on a voltage management that receives from this data voltage interconnection to this shutter.If shutter is by start, this shutter passes its corresponding aperture with respect to this substrate transverse movement optionally to make light, thereby forms an image.In one embodiment, in a pixel, a resistor separates this switch and the interconnection of this start voltage.
In one embodiment, this display device also comprises a start voltage source and a data voltage source.By the amplitude of the voltage of this start voltage source output significantly greater than amplitude by the voltage of this data voltage source output.In a specific embodiment, its amplitude of this start voltage source output is greater than the voltage of the twice of the amplitude of the voltage of this data voltage source output.In another embodiment, its amplitude of this start voltage source output is greater than four times voltage of the amplitude of the voltage of this data voltage source output.In another embodiment, its amplitude of this start voltage source output is greater than five times voltage of the amplitude of the voltage of this data voltage source output.
In another embodiment, this gating matrix comprises one the second data voltage interconnection that is used for a pixel.Second switch of this second data voltage interconnection control.Apply the shutter that a predetermined voltage makes it possible to open a correspondence to the interconnection of this first data voltage, and apply a predetermined voltage to this second data voltage interconnection and make it possible to close this shutter.In an alternative alternate embodiment, a pixel comprises an elastic component that is connected to an end of the shutter in this pixel, not apply under this start voltage condition with respect to this substrate this shutter that laterally moves.
In one embodiment, a pixel comprises that a memory element is used to store the current shutter position or the shutter position in the future of expection.This memory element can comprise a capacitor, a SRAM circuit and/or a DRAM circuit.When the time spent of doing that this capacitor plays a memory element, this gating matrix is by storing the shutter position of an expection with the store voltages in this data voltage interconnection on this capacitor.
Comprise for a pixel that in this array of controls this shutter is in response to the charging transverse movement of this capacitor in some embodiments of a capacitor.In other embodiments, this shutter is in response to the discharge transverse movement of this capacitor.
Aspect one the 5th, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a pel array and a gating matrix.This pel array comprises that one has a plurality of apertures and corresponding to the substrate of a plurality of shutters in these apertures.This shutter has at least one and basically the range of movement of this shutter is restricted to a mechanical bearings that is parallel to the plane of movement on the plane that is limited by this substrate.For a pixel, this gating matrix comprises that one is write the interconnection of energizing, a start interconnection, a switch and a data voltage interconnection.Voltage that is used to control this switch of this data voltage interconnection carrying, thereby be adjusted at the voltage that applies on the actuator that is connected to a corresponding shutter by this start voltage interconnection carrying, thereby make this corresponding shutter can in this plane of movement, carry out the motion of static driven basically.
Aspect one the 6th, the present invention relates to a kind of method that on a display, forms an image.In one embodiment, this method comprises that applying one to a plurality of pixels that are arranged to a sweep trace writes the voltage of energizing, and in the pixel in this sweep trace at least one applies a start voltage.This method also comprises optionally and applies a data voltage to a switch corresponding to a pixel in this sweep trace, applies this start voltage with the actuator of control in this pixel, thereby adjusts a position that is connected to the shutter of this actuator.In one embodiment, the amplitude of this start voltage is the twice at least of the amplitude of this data voltage.In another embodiment, the amplitude of this start voltage is at least four times of amplitude of this data voltage.This shutter changes the position by near a transverse movement substrate.In one embodiment, this method comprises this actuator ground connection, thereby makes a flexible restoring force laterally to be driven into a rest position to this shutter.In another embodiment, in response to apply an overall start voltage generation transverse movement to these pixels.
In another embodiment, this method is included in the desired location that this pixel place stores this shutter.In one embodiment, the shutter position of storing this expection comprises, for example with this data voltage a capacitor is charged.In an alternative alternate embodiment, store this desired location and comprise and make the discharge of capacitor.In another embodiment, store this desired location and be included in this shutter position of storage in SRAM circuit being included in this pixel or the DRAM circuit.
Aspect one the 7th, the present invention relates to a display device, this display device comprises the electrical interconnection that at least one a plurality of row at a pel array neutralizes and shares between the pixel in a plurality of row.More specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a pel array and a gating matrix.This pel array comprises a substrate with a plurality of apertures.This pel array also comprises a plurality of shutters.Each shutter is all corresponding to an aperture.Each pixel comprises that one or more aperture shutter is right.This shutter is arranged to respect to this substrate transverse movement.This gating matrix comprises a public electrical connection of sharing between one group of pixel.This group pixel is included in the pixel in a plurality of row of a plurality of row neutralizations of this pel array.This gating matrix also comprises a plurality of data voltage interconnection.Every row pixel in this pel array all has the interconnection of its oneself corresponding data voltage.For a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises a switch, and this switching response is in the start of the shutter that is applied to the correspondence of a Control of Voltage in this data voltage interconnection.
In one embodiment, this public electrical connection plays an overall start interconnection.In some such embodiments, apply a data voltage to this data voltage interconnection and reduce the needed minimum voltage change of the motion that starts a shutter significantly.When the time spent of doing that this public electrical connection plays an overall start interconnection, this public electrical connection provides this additional minimum voltage to change.Thereby, in response to this public electrical connection being applied an overall start voltage, all be connected to this public electrical connection, will move and as one man move with the shutter that forms a given picture frame.This display device can also comprise that an overall start voltage source is used for applying a voltage to this public electrical connection.
In another embodiment, this public electrical connection plays a public power consumption (current drain), is used for accepting being stored in the electric current of the pixel that this public electrical connection is attached thereto.In some embodiments, this shutter is in response to the discharge start of the capacitor of a correspondence.In the time spent of doing of playing a public power consumption, the electric current of this discharge generation is accepted in this public electrical connection, thereby makes it possible to start and this shutter of motion.
In one embodiment, this shutter is supported by the bistable state shutter assembly.This shutter assembly can be that electricity and/or machinery are bistable.In one embodiment, thereby shutter assembly both comprised a shutter open actuator be used for along one transverse to the path lateral of this substrate this shutter that moves open this shutter, thereby comprise again a shutter close actuator be used for along transverse to one of this substrate opposite path lateral this shutter that moves close this shutter.In one embodiment, a pixel can also comprise that a memory element is used to store the shutter position of one or more expection.In such embodiment, store the shutter position of this expection by this data voltage of storage on this storage unit corresponding to the switch of this pixel.
An eight aspect, the present invention relates to partly the method for sharing between a plurality of row by utilizing a pel array in a display device and the pixel in a plurality of row that forms an image on the display that is connected electrically in.In one embodiment, this method comprises one first sweep trace selecting this display.This first sweep trace comprises a plurality of pixels.For in the pixel in the selected sweep trace at least one, adjust voltage on the actuator so that can near laterally motion being formed at an aperture in the substrate that makes up this shutter thereon corresponding to a shutter of this actuator.This method also comprises one second sweep trace selecting to comprise second group of pixel, and adjust the voltage on the actuator in one of pixel in this second group of pixel, thus make one second shutter can one second aperture in this substrate near laterally motion.In one embodiment, adjust voltage on this actuator by apply a data voltage to switch corresponding to this actuator.Pixel can have a single switch or can have switch separately and is used to open and close shutter.In one embodiment, the amplitude that is higher than this data voltage by the amplitude of the voltage of this switch adjustment significantly.In one embodiment, a shutter can be moved comprise to reduce significantly and take place that start is required to be applied to a minimum voltage on the actuator and to change.
This method comprises that also an overall start interconnection to a plurality of row that connect this display and the pixel in a plurality of sweep trace applies an overall start voltage, thereby encourages these actuator.In one embodiment, this overall situation start interconnection provides a public power consumption, be used for accepting being stored in the electric current in these pixels of this pel array, thereby makes this actuator that has been enabled can start.Then this aperture of light directive on this display, to form an image.
In one embodiment, the shutter in this pel array is supported by shutter assembly.This shutter assembly can be that electricity and/or machinery are bistable.
Can be partly the asymmetry of electric capacity by utilizing the various elements in this display reduce display desired power of operation.This display comprises a pel array.Particularly, each pixel in this display comprises that all at least one has the actuator of two electrodes.An electrode has the electric capacity higher than another electrode.In addition, in the signal of the pixel that is used for addressing and this display of start, some signals are compared the bigger voltage amplitude swing of other signal experience, and some signals switch frequently than other signals.The voltage that drives these higher amplitude or upper frequency on the low capacitance electrode of each pixel improves power management.
More specifically, aspect one the 9th, the present invention relates to a display device that comprises a shutter assembly and a gating matrix.This shutter assembly comprises a shutter and a drive electrode.This shutter assembly has significantly different electric capacity with drive electrode.This shutter assembly is configured to make that response produces a potential difference (PD) between this shutter and this drive electrode, and this shutter is pulled to this drive electrode statically.In one embodiment, this shutter assembly comprises that is restricted to the range of movement of this shutter the mechanical bearings with the plane of a substrate parallel that makes up this shutter assembly thereon basically.
This gating matrix comprises one first voltage interconnection, is used for applying first voltage with one first amplitude to this shutter or drive electrode.This gating matrix also comprises one second voltage interconnection, is used for applying second voltage with one second amplitude to this shutter or drive electrode.Suppose that this shutter has the electric capacity that is higher than this drive electrode, if the amplitude of this voltage that is applied by the interconnection of this first voltage is less than the amplitude of this voltage that is applied by this second voltage interconnection, this first voltage is connected to this shutter and this second voltage is connected to this drive electrode.If not, this first voltage is connected to this drive electrode and this second voltage is connected to this shutter.Conversely, if this shutter has the electric capacity that is lower than this drive electrode, if the amplitude of this voltage that is applied by the interconnection of this first voltage is greater than the amplitude of this voltage that is applied by this second voltage interconnection, this first voltage is connected to this shutter and this second voltage is connected to this drive electrode.
In one embodiment, this second voltage is ground connection or approaches ground connection.In another embodiment, this second voltage changes between half in the pact of ground connection and this first voltage.This second voltage interconnection can play an overall start interconnection.
In one embodiment, apply this first voltage to this drive electrode and open this shutter.In an alternative alternate embodiment, apply this first voltage to this drive electrode and close this shutter.In another embodiment, apply this first voltage to this drive electrode and only do not applying motion this shutter (open or close) under the voltage condition to this shutter by this second voltage interconnection.
In another embodiment, this shutter assembly comprises second drive electrode that is connected to a tertiary voltage interconnection.Apply this first voltage to this first drive electrode and cause this shutter assembly that this shutter is moved to a position of opening, apply a tertiary voltage to this second drive electrode and close this shutter.Yet, in one embodiment, apply this second voltage and prevent the shutter motion.
Aspect one the tenth, the present invention relates to the method for an image of a kind of formation.In one embodiment, the shutter assembly that provides to have a shutter and a drive electrode is provided this method.This shutter has significantly different electric capacity with drive electrode.In this shutter and this drive electrode any applies one first voltage.In this shutter and this drive electrode another applies one second voltage, thereby produces a potential difference (PD) between this shutter and this drive electrode.This potential difference (PD) pulls to this drive electrode to this shutter.This first voltage is higher than this second voltage.Thereby,, apply this first voltage to this drive electrode if this shutter has an electric capacity higher than this drive electrode.If this shutter has an electric capacity lower than this drive electrode, apply this first voltage to this shutter.
In yet another aspect, system and method as herein described comprises portable handset, have a housing, a display board that is in this housing and has an optical modulation layer, but this optical modulation layer has the shutter of a plurality of transverse movements, can open state or an off status a corresponding pixel is arranged at one by corresponding shutter laterally being moved through the path light modulated of a line of light propagating.Gating matrix is connected to this display board so that but but the control to the shutter of the corresponding transverse movement in the shutter of this transverse movement to be provided, but with the shutter of this transverse movement of moving with light modulated.This gating matrix can be used for a passive or active matrix display, and can have a plurality of each each control circuit that are associated with a corresponding movable shutter.A power supply places in this housing and is connected to this light source and this controller.This portable handset mainly can be game console, mobile phone, audio player, video player, wrist-watch, e-book, digital camera, televisor, GNSS receiver and kneetop computer.
Selectively, this portable handset has a display controller that is connected to this gating matrix, is used for this movable shutter elements of control to show an image.This display controller can comprise a coloured image generator, a kind of typically programmable logical unit, this coloured image generator can be determined an open and closed sequence of this movable shutter, and is used for driving corresponding movable shutter to show a coloured image by determined sequence.
Selectively, and alternatively, this portable handset can have at least one and place the interior chromatic filter of this display board, and this display controller can comprise an isochronous controller, and this isochronous controller is connected to this display board and produces a synchronizing pulse at interval one group of movable shutter is moved to a state of choosing by preset time.Can use a video memory, this video memory has the storer that is used for picture signal and is connected to this controller, and this storer can be a portable memory storage apparatus.
This display board can have transparent substrate and the light source that places this transparent substrate below on the lower surface that is connected to this optical modulation layer.Can use a plurality of light sources, each in these a plurality of light sources can both produce a color of choosing, and can provide this display controller or an independent optical controller to encourage these a plurality of light sources to show a coloured image in turn.This display controller can also provide or have the quantity that a colour bits controller is used to control the colour bits that are used to produce an image.
This device can have one and be connected to this housing and can respond the touch-sensitive screen that user command produces on the user's interface device of input signal and the upper surface that places this display board and can produce the signal of on this display board of expression one position of just being pushed by a user.This cover plate can have a thickness that is selected an inside deformation that produces with an external pressure of restriction response, and places the supporting member between this optical modulation substrate and the cover plate and to support this cover plate near this cover plate.
A power controller can be connected to this power supply and have a plurality of mode of operations and be used for optionally controlling the power that extracts from this power supply.
A timer can command this power controller to change the amplitude of this light source of driving or the selection of time that this light source is switched in change after the time period of choosing through one.This power controller can be controlled at least one the selection of time switched in these light sources producing the color of extracting less power from this power supply, and this power controller can control a light source, with the light source generation monochromatic light with a non-switching.
An intensity detector can be connected to this power controller, is used to measure the light of this outside and is used at least in part optionally controlling the power that extracts from this power supply according to this measurement.
One is formed on this optical modulation layer, is connected to this gating matrix and is arranged for can being reduced to the motion voltage that this shutter applied to the movable contact element (contact) of a corresponding movable shutter motion.
The method of using and making said apparatus also has been described.
Description of drawings
The following detailed description meeting above discussion of the present invention being carried out by the reference accompanying drawing easier to understand:
Figure 1A is the isometric view according to the display device of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 1B is the block scheme according to a kind of display device of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the isometric view that according to an exemplary of the present invention is suitable for being incorporated into the shutter assembly in the display device of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the isometric views that is suitable for being incorporated into the moving shutter assembly of double cropping in the display device of Fig. 1 according to an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the top view of array that is suitable for being incorporated into a shutter assembly in the display device of Fig. 1 according to an exemplary of the present invention.
Fig. 5 A is the conceptual scheme according to a gating matrix of the shutter assembly that is applicable to the display device that control is shown in Figure 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 5 B is the isometric view according to the array of a pixel of the shutter assembly of the gating matrix that comprises Fig. 5 A of an exemplary of the present invention and Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is the diagram according to one second gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the diagram according to one the 3rd gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the process flow diagram according to a kind of method of the pixel of the gating matrix of addressing Fig. 7 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the diagram according to one the 4th gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 10 is an exemplary according to the present invention is carried out a kind of method of addressing to the pixel of the gating matrix of Fig. 9 a process flow diagram;
Figure 11 is the diagram according to one the 5th gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 12 is an exemplary according to the present invention is carried out a kind of method of addressing to the pixel of the gating matrix of Figure 11 a process flow diagram;
Figure 13 is the diagram according to one the 6th gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the diagram according to one the 7th gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 15 is the diagram according to one the 8th gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 16 is the diagram according to one the 9th gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 17 is the diagram according to one the tenth gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 18 is the diagram according to the 11 gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 19 is the diagram according to the 12 gating matrix of the shutter assembly of the display device that is applicable to control chart 1 of an exemplary of the present invention;
Figure 20 illustrates an embodiment according to a kind of portable handset of the present invention;
Figure 21 illustrates the example of an image of the type that can show in more detail on the portable handset shown in Figure 20;
Figure 22 illustrates a functional block diagram of the function element of the portable handset shown in Figure 20;
Figure 23 illustrates the function element of the display controller shown in Figure 22 in further detail;
Figure 24 A is the conceptual scheme that is applicable to a gating matrix of the movable shutter of control in a display board;
Figure 24 B is an isometric view of a pel array that comprises the gating matrix of Figure 24 A;
Figure 25 A, 25B and 25C illustrate in greater detail the alternative alternate embodiment according to a display board of the present invention, and wherein Figure 25 B comprises three chromatic filters;
Figure 26 illustrates an alternative alternate embodiment with a display board backlight;
Figure 27 illustrates an alternative alternate embodiment of a display board;
Figure 28 illustrates an alternative alternate embodiment according to a portable handset of the present invention;
Figure 29 illustrates a smart phone embodiment according to a portable unit of the present invention;
Figure 30 A and 30B illustrate an e-book embodiment according to a portable unit of the present invention;
Figure 31 A illustrates has display, a wrist-watch embodiment of the present invention that illustrates in greater detail the segmentation in Figure 31 B;
Figure 32 illustrates a media player embodiment of this portable handset;
Figure 33 illustrates a GNSS receiver portable handset;
Figure 34 illustrates one according to kneetop computer of the present invention;
Figure 35 and 36 illustrates a kind of alternative alternate embodiment of MEMS display board; And
Figure 37 illustrates an embodiment of a kind of MEMS of reflection display board of the device that is applicable to that this paper is illustrated.
Specific embodiments
In order to provide to overall understanding of the present invention, below some exemplary will be described, comprise the device and the method for display image.Yet one of ordinary skill in the art will be understood that, the illustrated system and method for this paper can be suitably at application change and make amendment, and the illustrated system and method for this paper can be used for other suitable application, and other such replenishing and revise and can not depart from scope of the present invention.
Figure 1A is an isometric view according to the display device 100 of an exemplary of the present invention.Display device 100 comprises a plurality of photomodulators, specifically is, presses a plurality of shutter assembly 102a-102d (general designation " shutter assembly 102 ") that row and column is arranged.In display device 100, shutter assembly 102a and 102d are in the state of opening, and make light to pass through.Shutter assembly 102b and 102c are in closing state, the path of blocking light.By the state of shutter assembly 102a-102d optionally is set,, just can utilize display device 100 to form an image 104 for carrying out projection or demonstration backlight if by lamp 105 lighting display devices 100.In another implementation, device 100 can come from an image of surround lighting formation in the place ahead of this device by reflection.
In display device 100, each shutter assembly 102 is corresponding to a pixel 106 in the image 104.In other implementations, display device 100 can be utilized a pixel 106 in a plurality of shutter assemblies formation images 104.For example, display device 100 can comprise the shutter assembly 102 of three particular colors.By optionally opening the shutter assembly 102 corresponding to one or more particular color of a specific pixel 106, display device 100 can produce a colour element 106 in the image 104.In another example, display device 100 every pixels 106 comprise that two or more a plurality of shutter assembly 102 are to provide a gray scale in the image 104.With respect to an image, one " pixel " is corresponding to the minimum pixel of being determined by the resolution of image.With respect to the structure member of display device 100, term " pixel " refers to machinery and the electric component light, combination that is used to modulate the single pixel that forms image.
Each shutter assembly 102 all comprises a shutter 108 and an aperture 109.For a pixel 106 in the illumination image 104, shutter 108 is arranged to make it to allow light to pass aperture 109 towards a beholder.In order to keep a pixel 106 not to be illuminated, this shutter 108 is arranged to make it to interdict the passage that light passes aperture 109.Aperture 109 is patterned to the reflecting material that passes in each shutter assembly 102 by one or the hole of light absorbing material limits.
This display device also comprises a gating matrix that is connected to this substrate and this shutter assembly, is used to control the motion of this shutter.This gating matrix comprises a series of electrical interconnection (for example interconnecting 110,112 and 114), at least one writes interconnection 110 (being also referred to as " sweep trace interconnection ") of energizing, 112 and common interconnect 114 of a data interconnection of every row pixel to comprise every capable pixel, and this common interconnect is to all pixels or provide a common electric voltage from a plurality of row of display device 100 and some pixels in a plurality of row two aspects at least.(" write the voltage of energizing, V in response to applying a suitable voltage
We"), the interconnection 110 of energizing of writing of the pixel of a given row makes the pixel in this row be ready to accept new shutter movement instruction.Data interconnect 112 transmits this new shutter movement instruction with the form of data voltage pulse.In some implementations, the data voltage pulse that is applied to data interconnect 112 is directly worked to the motion (electrostatic movement) of the static driven of shutter.In other realization, this data voltage pulse gauge tap, for example transistor or control apply other nonlinear circuit elements of start voltage separately to shutter assembly 102, should generally be higher than this data voltage by start voltage separately on amplitude.So apply the motion that these start voltages cause the static driven of shutter 108.
Figure 1B is square frame Figure 150 of display device 100.Except the element of above-described display device 100, as shown in square frame Figure 150, display device 100 also comprises a plurality of scanner drivers 152 (being also referred to as " writing the voltage source of energizing ") and a plurality of data driver 154 (being also referred to as " data voltage source ").Scanner driver 152 applies to sweep trace interconnection 110 and writes the voltage of energizing.Data driver 154 applies data voltage to data interconnect 112.In some embodiments of this display device, this data driver 154 is arranged to this shutter assembly analog data voltage is provided, in the time of especially will obtaining the gray scale of image 104 with analog form.In analog operation, shutter assembly 102 is designed so that, when applying the voltage between two parties of a scope, in shutter 108, cause the open mode between two parties of a scope, and therefore in image 104, cause the illumination condition between two parties or the gray scale of a scope through data interconnect 112.
The All Drives (for example scanner driver 152, data driver 154, start driver 153 and overall start driver 155) that is used for different Presentation Functions is all by timing controlled 160 time synchronized of controller 156.Timer command is coordinated the illumination of red, green and blue lamps 162,164 and 166 by lamp driver 168, and coordinate this pel array specific row write energize and order, voltage from the output of the voltage of the output of data driver 154 and the start of regulation shutter.
If display device 100 is designed to numeral switching shutter 108 between the state that opens and closes, controller 156 can be controlled the time interval between addressing sequence and/or the picture frame, has suitable image gray 104 with generation.Be called the time-division gray scale by control the processing that time quantum that a shutter 108 opens produces variable gray level in a specific frame.In an embodiment of time-division gray scale, illumination or gray scale that controller 156 is wished according to respective pixel determine to allow a shutter 108 to remain in the time period or the time portion of the state of opening in each frame.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale,, frame time is divided into for example 15 equal subframes of duration according to the illumination that is suitable for 4 scale-of-two gray scales.Controller 156 is arranged into a distinct image in each of these 15 subframes then.The brighter pixel of this image maintains open mode the most of these 15 subframes or all, and darker pixel only is set in open mode in the part of these subframes.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale, controller circuitry 156 and the position grade importance of the coding gray scale word of represent an illumination value change the duration of a subframe series pro rata.In other words, can change the duration of these subframes according to scale-of-two series 1,2,4,8....Then according to the place value of position in the binary word of the predetermined gray scale of corresponding each pixel, a correspondence, the state that in a specific subframe, the shutter 108 of this pixel is made as or opens or closes.
A plurality of hybrid technologies can be used for forming gray scale, and these technology combine the time division technique of above explanation with the independence control of use or a plurality of shutters 108 of every pixel or backlight intensity.These technology describe hereinafter further.
In one implementation, this gating matrix of addressing promptly provides control information to this pel array, finishes by each line of addressing sequentially, and these lines are sometimes referred to as the sweep trace or the row of matrix.Interconnection 110 applies V by energizing to writing of a given sweep trace
WeOptionally the data interconnect 112 to each row applies data voltage pulse V
d, this gating matrix can be controlled the motion of being write each shutter 108 in the row of having energized.By the every capable pixel in the display device 100 is repeated these steps, this gating matrix can be finished and be each pixel setting movement instruction in the display device 100.
In an alternative alternative implementation, this gating matrix is for example utilized the similarity of the movement instruction of pixel in the pixel of different rows, and the interconnection 110 of energizing of writing to the pixel of a plurality of row side by side applies V
WeThereby reducing provides movement instruction required time quantum to all pixels in this display device 100.In another alternative alternative realization, with a kind of order of non-order, for example with a pseudorandom order, the described row of addressing, so that the visual artifacts that produces is sometimes minimized, the time-division that especially is used in combination a coding is during gray scale.
In some alternative alternate embodiment, this pel array and control comprise that the gating matrix of the pixel in this array into can arrange by the configuration of the row and column that is different from rectangle.For example this pixel can be by hexagonal array or the row and column arrangement of pressing curve.Generally, the term sweep trace will refer to any a plurality of pixels of writing the interconnection of energizing of sharing when using in this article.
Shutter assembly
Fig. 2 is the diagram that is applicable to the exemplary shutter assembly 200 in the display device 100 that comprises Fig. 1 into.Shutter assembly 200 comprises a shutter 202 that is connected to an actuator 204.Actuator 204 is formed by two flexible electrodes beam actuator 205 of separating.Shutter 202 is connected to actuator 205 in a side.Actuator 205 this shutter that laterally moves in a plane of movement a surface, this plane of movement is arranged essentially parallel to this surface.The offside of this shutter is connected to a spring 207, and this spring provides an opposite restoring force of power that applies with actuator 204.
Each actuator 205 all comprises the load beam 206 of a flexibility, and the load beam of this flexibility is connected to a load support point 208 to shutter 202.This load support point 208 plays mechanical bearings with the load beam 206 of flexibility, keeps shutter 202 to approach this surface and suspends.This surface comprises that one or more allows the aperture 211 that light passes through.Load support point 208 physically is connected to this surface to the load beam 206 of flexibility and shutter 202, and load beam 206 is electrically connected to a bias voltage, and in some cases, this bias voltage is a ground connection.
Each actuator 204 also comprises near the soft drive beam 216 that is arranged in each load beam 206.These drive beam 216 and at one end are connected to a driving beam strong point 218 that is common between this driving beam 216.But each drives the other end free movement of beam 216.Each drives beam 216 all is crooked, make it near the anchored end of the free end of this drivings beam 216 and the beam 206 of loading near this load beam 206.
When work, comprise that a display device of shutter assembly 200 applies a current potential through driving the beam strong point 218 to driving beam 216.One second current potential can be applied on the load beam 206.Potential difference (PD) between resulting driving beam 216 and the load beam 206 is drawn the free end that drives beam 216 to the anchored end of load beam 206, and to the shutter end of the anchored end pulling load beam 206 that drives beam 216, thereby laterally drive shutter 202 towards driving the strong point 218.Flexible member 206 plays spring, thereby when the voltage that removes between beam 206 and 216 current potentials, load beam 206 pushes back its initial position to shutter 202, discharges the stress that is stored in the load beam 206.
A shutter assembly that comprises a passive recovery force mechanisms, such as shutter assembly 200 are referred to as the elasticity shutter assembly in this article.A plurality of recovery of elasticity mechanism can advance in the static actuator in construction, perhaps combines with this static actuator, and graphic flexible beam in shutter assembly 200 only provides an example.Can be configured to the elasticity shutter assembly feasible, excited target or under lax state, this shutter is opened or is closed.For exemplary purposes, supposing hereinafter that this illustrated elasticity shutter assembly of this paper is built as being in its loose state following time closes.
Depend on the curvature that drives beam 216 and load beam 206, can or control this shutter assembly with analog form or with digital form.When this beam has strong nonlinearity or during the curvature of dispersing (beam is dispersed with the curvature of more than second order), apply a kind of predetermined incremental displacement that a simulation start voltage causes shutter 202 between beam 216 and the load beam 206 driving.Thereby the amplitude of shutter 202 displacements can be by driving the voltage change that applies different amplitudes between beam 216 and the load beam 206.Therefore the shutter assembly 200 that comprises crooked beam is used to implement the analog gray scale processing.
For shutter assembly, between driving beam 216 and load beam 206, apply a voltage and can cause the shutter displacement, if this voltage is higher than a threshold voltage (V with more unbending beam (beam is dispersed with second order curvature or the curvature below the second order)
At) words.Apply and equal or exceed V
AtVoltage cause maximum shutter displacement.In other words, if shutter 202 is closed when not applying a voltage that equals or exceeds this threshold value, apply any V of equaling or exceeding
AtVoltage all can fully open this shutter.In the various embodiments of display device 100, utilize such shutter assembly to implement time-division gray scale processing and/or the processing of digit area division (areadivision) gray scale.
Fig. 3 A and 3B are the isometric views that is applicable to one second shutter assembly 300 in the display device 100.Fig. 3 A is a view of second shutter assembly 300 under an open mode.Fig. 3 B is a view of second shutter assembly 300 under a closed condition.Opposite with shutter assembly 200, shutter assembly 300 comprises the actuator 302 and 304 of the both sides that are positioned at a shutter 306.Control each actuator 302 and 304 independently.One first actuator, promptly shutter is opened actuator 302, is used to open shutter 306.One second actuator, promptly the shutter close actuator 304, are used for switch and close shutter 306.The beam electrode actuator that two actuator 302 and 304 are all preferably flexible.Actuator 302 and 304 drives shutter 306 in the plane that this shutter is suspended in the surface 307 above it and opens and closes shutters 306 by being parallel at one basically.Shutter 306 is suspended at this surface at the logical strong point (via anchor) 308 places of crossing that are attached on actuator 302 and 304.Comprising that the supporting member that is attached to the two ends of shutter 306 along the axis of movement of shutter 306 reduces to move outside the plane of shutter 306 and this is moved is limited to desirable plane of movement basically.Surface 307 comprises at least one aperture 309, is used to allow that light passes surface 307 and passes through.
Fig. 4 is a top view that is suitable for comprising an array 400 of the shutter assembly 402 in the display device 100 into.Each shutter assembly 402 comprises that a shutter 404, load beam 406 and two drive beams 408.As above about shutter assembly 200 and 300 explanations, shutter assembly 402 by laterally drive its corresponding shutter 404 make shutter 404 optionally interfere by shutter 404 thereon the light in the aperture of side in the driven surface come light modulated.
For driving in the shutter in one of this shutter assembly, between one of load beam 406 and driving beam 408, apply a voltage.In order to produce this voltage, selected driving beam is applied one first current potential and applies one second current potential to load beam 406 with to shutter 404.This first and second current potential can be identical polar or opposite polarity.They can also have identical amplitude or have different amplitudes.In two current potentials any can also be set as ground connection.In order to make the difference between this first and second current potential of this shutter assembly start (that is, making shutter change its position) must equal or exceed a start threshold voltage (V
At).
In most embodiments, reach V by the voltage that applies the amplitude of being different in essence to selected driving beam and this load beam
AtFor example, suppose V
AtBe 40V, display device 100 can drive beam to this and apply the voltage of 30V and apply-voltage of 10V to this load beam, obtains the potential difference (PD) of 40V.Yet in order to control power consumption, important also has, and consideration and control are applied to the absolute voltage of each electrode with respect to the encapsulation current potential of ground or this display.Apply desired power of current potential and the proportional (P=1/2fCV of electric capacity that sees from voltage source to an actuator array
2), wherein f is the frequency of drive signal, and V is the voltage of this voltage source, and C is the total capacitance of seeing from this voltage source.This total capacitance has several additional compositions, comprise be present in this load beam and drive electric capacity between the beam, along transistorized source-drain capacitance (especially those transistors of closing), this interconnection line and its surroundings of the interconnection line between this voltage source and this actuator for its grid---comprise adjacent shutter assembly and/or bonding line---between electric capacity and this load beam or driving beam and its surroundings electric capacity between---comprising that adjacent shutter assembly or display encapsulate---.Because load beam 406 is electrically connected to shutter 404, so the electric capacity of load beam 406 comprises the electric capacity of shutter 404.Because this shutter generally constitutes most of area of this pixel, so the electric capacity between this load beam and its surroundings can be represented a significant part of the total capacitance of seeing from this voltage source.And, because the difference of the area of the area of the load beam 406 of combination and shutter 404 and driving beam 408 is significant, so the electric capacity that should load between beam and its surroundings is generally much bigger than the electric capacity between this driving beam and its surroundings.As a result, be connected to the CV that the voltage source of this driving beam or this load beam stands
2Power loss will be significantly different, even its variation scope can be identical.Because this reason, generally advantageously, the higher capacitance end of this actuator, promptly should load beam, or be connected to one and do not change the voltage source of voltage significantly or be connected to a voltage source that does not change voltage with the desired highest frequency of this drive system with respect to ground or encapsulation current potential.For example, if load beam 406 with drive the difference that requires a 40V between the beam 408 encouraging this actuator, if this driving beam and or the housing current potential between voltage difference form this 40 volts be not that major part also is that half will be favourable at least.
Be drawn in the border that is shown in dotted line a single pixel 410 on the shutter assembly array 400.Pixel 410 comprises two shutter assemblies 402, and each in them can be controlled independently.Having display device that 402, one of two shutter assemblies comprise shutter assembly array 400 by every pixel 410 can usable floor area divide gray scale and provide every pixel three gray levels.More specifically, can become following state to this pixel drive: two shutter assemblies are all closed; Shutter assembly be open and a shutter assembly is closed; Perhaps two shutter assemblies are all opened.Thereby the image pixel that obtains can be that turn-off, half intensity or full brightness.By making each shutter assembly 402 in the pixel 410 have the aperture of different size, display device can a usable floor area be divided a gray scale provide another gray level.Fig. 2,3 and 4 shutter assembly 200,300 and 402 can be made bistable.In other words, this shutter can remain on the position (for example open or close) of at least two balances, and any only requires a spot of power or non-required power they remain in two positions.More specifically, shutter assembly 300 can be that machinery is bistable.In case the shutter of shutter assembly 300 is arranged on correct position, does not require that electric energy or sustaining voltage keep this position.Mechanical stress on the physical component of this shutter assembly 300 can be fixing in position this shutter.
Shutter assembly 200,300 and 402 can also be made electric bi-stable.In the shutter assembly of an electric bi-stable, there is a voltage range that is lower than the start voltage of this shutter assembly, if the voltage of this scope be applied to actuator of closing (simultaneously this shutter or open or close), even apply an opposite power on this shutter, this voltage also keeps this actuator to close and this shutter is fixed in position.This opposite power can be by the spring on the opposite end that is attached to this shutter, such as the spring in the shutter assembly 200 207, applies, and perhaps this opposite power can apply by a counteractive actuator.Resist the required minimum voltage in position that so opposite trying hard to keep holds a shutter and be called a sustaining voltage V
m
This fact of the majorant that it is position and voltage that electric bi-stable comes from the electrostatic force on the actuator.The beam of the actuator in the shutter assembly 200,300 and 402 plays capacitor plate.Power between the capacitor plate and 1/d
2Proportional, wherein d is the local distance of separation between two capacitor plates.In an actuator of closing, the part between the actuator beam is separately in the extreme little.Thereby apply a little voltage and can between this actuator beam, cause strong relatively power.As a result, even other element applies an opposite power on this actuator, a relatively little voltage, such as V
m, also can keep this actuator to close.
In the shutter assembly of two independent controlled actuator of regulation (be respectively applied for and open and close this shutter), for example in 300, the equilibrium position of this shutter is determined in conjunction with effect by the voltage difference in this actuator each.In other words, must consider the current potential and the shutter position of all three terminals (shutter is opened and driven beam, shutter close drives beam and shutter/load beam), to determine the equilibrant on this shutter.
For an electric bi-stable system, one group of logical laws can illustrate this stable state, and can be used to this shutter to develop reliable addressing scheme or digital control scheme.These logical laws are as follows:
Make V
sBe the current potential on this shutter or the load beam.Make V
oOpen the current potential that drives on the beam for this shutter.Make V
cBe the current potential on this shutter close driving beam.Make expression formula/V
o-V
sThis shutter of/expression and this shutter are opened the absolute value that drives the voltage difference between the beam.Make V
mBe this sustaining voltage.Make V
AtBe this start threshold voltage, promptly on a counteractive driving beam, do not apply V
mSituation under the excitation voltage that actuator is essential.Make V
MaxBe V
oAnd V
cThe maximum current potential that allows.Make V
m＜V
At＜V
MaxSupposition makes V then
oAnd V
cKeep below V
Max:
If 1./V
o-V
s/＜V
mAnd/V
c-V
s/＜V
m
The loose equilibrium position to its mechanical spring of this fast goalkeeper then.
If 2./V
o-V
s/＞V
mAnd/V
c-V
s/＞V
m
Then this fast goalkeeper does not move, promptly it will remain on open or closing state, the whichever position of the start event establishment of last time.
If 3./V
o-V
s/＞V
AtAnd/V
c-V
s/＜V
m
Then this fast goalkeeper moves to the position that this is opened.
If 4./V
o-V
s/＜V
mAnd/V
c-V
s/＞V
At
Then this fast goalkeeper moves to the position that this is closed.
According to rule 1, approach under the zero situation in the voltage difference on each actuator, this fast goalkeeper is loose.This mechanically loose position is only partly opened or is closed in many shutter assemblies, therefore preferably avoids this voltage conditions in an addressing scheme.
The condition of rule 2 makes it possible to a kind of actuator function of the overall situation is comprised in into a kind of addressing scheme.By the fast gate voltage that keeps the beam voltage difference that is sustaining voltage at least is provided, can change in wide voltage range in the centre of an addressing sequence or switch this shutter open with the absolute value of shutter close current potential (even surpass V in voltage difference
AtSituation under), and the risk of unintentional shutter motion does not take place.
Sustaining voltage is poor, i.e. V
m, can be designed or be expressed as this start threshold voltage V
AtCertain part.For the bistability designed system for a kind of available degree, this sustaining voltage can maintain between V
At20% to 80% between scope in.This helps to guarantee that charge leakage or parasitic voltage fluctuation in this system can not cause the sustaining voltage of a setting to depart from its hold in range---such departing from can cause the involuntary start of a shutter.Can provide a kind of bistability or hysteresis of degree of particularity in some systems, V
mMaintain V
At2% to 98% scope in.Yet in these systems, must be noted that and guarantee to obtain V＜V reliably in available addressing with in the start time
mThe electrode voltage condition.
Gating matrix and method of work thereof
Fig. 5 A is the conceptual scheme that is suitable for being included in a gating matrix 500 that is used for a pel array of addressing in the display device 100.Fig. 5 B is the isometric view of a part that comprises a pel array of this gating matrix 500.Each pixel 501 comprises a flexible shutter assembly 502 by 503 controls of an actuator, such as shutter assembly 200.
For each pixel 501 or each shutter assembly in this array, gating matrix 500 comprises a transistor 510 and a capacitor 512.Each transistorized grid is electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 506 of the row at these pixel 501 places in this array.The source electrode of each transistor 510 is electrically connected to its corresponding data interconnect 508.Shutter assembly 502 comprises an actuator that two electrodes are arranged.These two electrodes have significantly different electric capacity with respect to surroundings.This transistor is connected to data interconnect 508 at the actuator electrode with low electric capacity.More specifically, the drain electrode of each transistor 510 and an electrode of corresponding capacitor 512 are electrically connected and are electrically connected to the low capacitance electrode of this actuator in parallel.Another electrode of capacitor 512 and the higher capacitance electrode of this actuator in the shutter assembly 502 are connected to a common potential or earth potential.At work, in order to form an image, gating matrix 500 is by applying voltage V to each sweep trace interconnection 506 successively
WeWrite each row in this array of energizing in turn.Write the row of having energized for quilt, the grid of the transistor 510 of the pixel in this row 501 is applied V
WeMake electric current flow through transistor, apply a current potential with actuator to shutter assembly 502 through data interconnect 508.When this row is write when energizing data voltage V
dOptionally be applied on the data interconnect 508.In the implementation of analog gray scale is provided, the data voltage that puts on each data interconnect 508 be positioned at this quilt and write the desirable brightness of the pixel of the sweep trace interconnection 506 of energizing and the point of crossing of this data interconnect 508 locating 501 and change explicitly.In the implementation of digital control scheme is provided, this data voltage be selected as or relatively low amplitude voltage (i.e. voltage closely) or meet or exceed V
At(start threshold voltage).In response to a data interconnection 508 is applied voltage V
At, the shutter in this shutter assembly 502 is opened in the actuator start in the corresponding shutter assembly 502.Even putting on the voltage of this data interconnect 508 stops to apply voltage V to a row in gating matrix 500
WeAlso still be stored in the capacitor 512 of this pixel later.Therefore, do not need to wait for and keep a voltage V on the row
WeFor a long time to time that shutter assembly 502 is enough to start; Such start can begin to carry out after this writes the voltage of energizing removing from this row.Voltage in the capacitor 510 in row is stored in basically always to be write till complete the frame of video, and be stored in some implementations always this row write new data till.
At first, on a substrate 504, form an aperture layer 550.If substrate 504 is opaque, be silicon for example, then substrate 504 serves as aperture layer 550, and the array that passes the hole of substrate 504 by one of etching forms hole, aperture 554 in substrate 504.If substrate 504 is transparent, be glass for example, then form aperture layer 550 by on substrate 504, depositing a light blocking layer and this light blocking layer being etched into a hole array.Hole, aperture 554 can be substantially circular, oval-shaped, polygonal, spiral (serpentine) or irregular in shape.If this light blocking layer is also used a kind of reflecting material manufacturing, for example with a kind of metal manufacturing, then aperture layer 550 can be used as a mirror surface, and this mirror surface is recovered to the light of non-transmission in set up backlight, is used to improve optical efficiency.Be applicable to that the reflecting metallic film that provides light to reclaim can---comprise sputter, evaporation, ion plating, laser ablation or chemical vapor deposition---by a plurality of vapour deposition methods and form.The metal that can be used for this reflective application includes, but not limited to Al, Cr, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ta, Ti, Nd, Nb, Si, Mo and/or its alloy.Thickness in 30nm to 1000nm scope is enough.
Secondly, the mode with coating deposits an intermetallic (intermetal) dielectric layer on the top of aperture layer metal 550.
The 3rd, deposition and one first conductive layer of composition on this substrate.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace (trace) of sweep trace interconnection 506.Any metal of more than enumerating, perhaps the conductive oxide such as tin indium oxide can have enough low resistivity to this application.The part of the interconnection of the sweep trace in each pixel 506 is arranged as the grid that forms a transistor 510.
The 4th, on the top of the ground floor conductive interconnection of that part that comprises the grid that forms transistor 510, deposit another metal intermetallic dielectric layer in the mode of coating.The intermetallic dielectric that is enough to be used in this purpose comprises the SiO of thickness in 30nm to 1000nm scope
2, Si
3N
4And Al
2O
3
The five, one amorphous silicon layer is deposited on the top of this intermetallic dielectric, patterned then source electrode, drain electrode and the channel region to form a thin film transistor active layer.Alternatively, this semiconductor material can be a polysilicon.
The 6th, deposition and one second conductive layer of composition on the top of this amorphous silicon.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace of data interconnect 508.Same metal and/or the conductive oxide enumerated more than can using.The different piece of this second conductive layer can also be used to form the source electrode that is connected to transistor 510 and the contact element of drain region.
Capacitor arrangement such as capacitor 512 may be constructed such the pole plate that forms in this first and second conductive layer that has dielectric material between two parties.
The 7th, passivation dielectric of deposition on the top of this second conductive layer.
The 8th, one of deposition is sacrificed mechanical layer on the top of this passivation layer.Offer through hole and make it enter into this sacrifice layer and this passivation layer, make follow-up MEMS shutter layer to electrically contact with following conductive layer and mechanical connection.
The 9th, deposition and MEMS shutter layer of composition on the top of this sacrifice layer.This MEMS shutter layer is patterned to has shutter 502 and actuator 503, and anchors on the substrate 504 by the patterned through hole that advances in this sacrifice layer.The alignment pattern of shutter 502 is formed on the pattern in the hole, aperture 554 in first aperture layer 550.This MEMS shutter layer can---such as Au, Cr or Ni---be made up of a kind of metal of deposition, or is made of a kind of semiconductor---such as polysilicon or amorphous silicon---of deposition, and thickness is in the scope of 300 nanometers to 10 micron.
The tenth, remove this sacrifice layer and make the parts of this MEMS shutter layer can respond the voltage free movement that is applied on the actuator 503.
The 11, the sidewall that applies actuator 503 electrodes with a kind of dielectric material is with short circuit between the electrode that prevents to have opposite voltage.
To above method many variants can be arranged.For example the reflection aperture layer 550 of step 1 can be incorporated in this first conductive layer.The gap is patterned to be advanced in this conductive layer stipulating the conductive trace in this layer, and most of pixel region still is capped with a kind of reflective metals.In another embodiment, the source electrode of transistor 510 and drain terminal can be placed on this first conductive layer and gate terminal is formed in this second conductive layer.In another embodiment, this semiconductor amorphous silicon or polysilicon are directly placed below each of this first and second conductive layer.In this embodiment, can advance the through hole composition in this intermetallic dielectric, make to form the Metal Contact part that is connected to following semiconductor layer.
Fig. 6 is the diagram that is suitable for being included in one second gating matrix 600 of an array that is used for address pixel 602 in the display device 100.Pixel 602 in the gating matrix 600 abandons using transistor and the capacitor as in comprising gating matrix 500 into, then adopts a kind of metal-insulator-metal type (" MIM ") diode 604.For the every capable pixel 602 in the gating matrix 600, picture element matrix 600 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 606, and for the every row pixel in the gating matrix 600, picture element matrix 600 comprises a data interconnection 607.Each sweep trace interconnection 606 is electrically connected to a terminal of the MIM diode 604 of each pixel 602 in the pixel 602 of its corresponding row.Another terminal of MIM diode 604 in pixel 602 is electrically connected to one of two electrodes of the shutter assembly 608---such as shutter assembly 200---in this pixel 602.
At work, MIM diode 604 plays a nonlinear switching element, prevents that electric current from flowing to shutter assembly 609, unless the voltage that exists between sweep trace interconnection 606 and the data line interconnection 607 surpasses a threshold voltage V
DiodeTherefore, if do not surpass V by data line interconnection 607 potential pulses that provide
Diode, such data pulse will can not cause shutter assembly 608 starts that connect along this data line.Yet, write the voltage V that energizes if a sweep trace interconnection 606 is applied one
WeMake this sweep trace interconnection 606 and and this sweep trace interconnection 606 several data lines interconnection 607 of intersecting in arbitrary between occur one and surpass V
DiodeVoltage difference, then the fast goalkeeper at this sweep trace interconnection 606 and the place, point of crossing of these data lines interconnection 607 receive they electric charge and can be by start.In the analog gray scale implementation is provided, the data voltage that each data interconnect 607 is applied be positioned at this quilt and write the desirable brightness of the pixel of locating the point of crossing of the sweep trace interconnection 606 of having energized and this data interconnect 607 602 and change explicitly.In the realization that digital control scheme is provided, this data voltage is selected must to approach V
We(that is, make small amount of current is arranged or do not have electric current to flow through diode 604) or be high enough to make V
We-V
DiodeReach or surpass V
At(start threshold voltage).
Two electrodes of the shutter assembly 608 in the pixel 602 have significantly different electric capacity with respect to earth potential or housing current potential.Higher capacitance electrode in these two electrodes preferably is connected to sweep trace interconnection 606 (alternatively, as shown in the figure, with a diode that is connected between shutter 608 and the sweep trace interconnection 606), because with general logarithm according to comparing that line interconnection 607 requires, this sweep trace generally needs less voltage to change (over the ground).Data interconnect 607 is electrically connected to the low capacitance electrode of shutter assembly 608.
Fig. 7 is the diagram that is used to control one the 3rd gating matrix 700 of the pixel 702 that comprises the shutter assembly 703---such as shutter assembly 300 and 402---that not only has the actuator opened but also have the actuator of closing.Gating matrix 700 comprises two data interconnection 706a of the every row pixel 702 in interconnection 704 of the sweep trace of the every capable pixel 702 in the gating matrix 700 and the addressing control matrix 700 and 706b.One in these data interconnects is that shutter is opened interconnection 706a, and another data interconnect is shutter close interconnection 706b.
For a given pixel 702 in the gating matrix 700, pixel 702 comprises that two transistor-capactors are right, and one to being used for each data interconnect 706a and 706b of this pixel of addressing.Two transistorized grids in pixel 702 all are electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 704 corresponding to the row at pixel 702 places of gating matrix 700.The source electrode that one of this transistor---is that shutter is opened transistor 708a---is electrically connected to the shutter of the row at pixel 702 places and opens data interconnect 706a.The electrode that the drain electrode that shutter is opened transistor 708a is electrically connected to one of this capacitor in parallel---being that shutter is opened capacitor 710a---, and this shutter that is electrically connected to the shutter assembly 703 of this pixel is opened an electrode of actuator.Another electrode that shutter is opened capacitor 710a is electrically connected to ground, perhaps is electrically connected to a biasing interconnection of a common electric voltage that is set as between these pixels 702.
Similarly, the source electrode that another transistor in the pixel 702---is shutter close transistor 708b---is electrically connected to the shutter close data interconnect 706b of these row at pixel 702 places.The drain electrode of shutter close transistor 708b is electrically connected to another in these two capacitors in this pixel in parallel, i.e. shutter close capacitor 710b, and be electrically connected to one of the electrode of this shutter close actuator of shutter assembly 703.
The shutter of shutter assembly 703 opens actuator and shutter close actuator both comprises two electrodes.An electrode in each actuator has high significantly electric capacity than another electrode.This shutter is opened the low capacitance electrode that is electrically connected to its corresponding actuator with the shutter close transistor drain.Be electrically connected to the higher capacitance electrode, perhaps biasing interconnection if any, is electrically connected to the higher capacitance electrode.
Gating matrix among Fig. 7 adopts the n channel transistor.Other embodiments that adopt the p channel MOS transistor can be arranged.In other implementation, transistor 708a and 708b can be substituted by MIM diode or other nonlinear circuit element or switch.In other implementation, can fully cancel capacitor 710a and 710b, its function is opened with the effective capacitance of shutter close actuator by this shutter and is replaced.
In each pixel, all want under the situation of a plurality of shutters of start, can be provided with for each shutter in this pixel an independent shutter open data interconnect and shutter close data interconnect to and the transistor and the capacitor that are associated.
Fig. 8 is the process flow diagram of the pixel 702 of addressing gating matrix 700 control that is subjected to Fig. 7 with a method 800 forming a picture frame.The step of carrying out for single image frame of addressing generally is called one " frame addressing period ".This method starts from writing first sweep trace (step 802) of energizing in this display.Write and energize in order to carry out this, the sweep trace interconnection 704 corresponding in this gating matrix first row of gating matrix 700 in gating matrix 700 applies V
We(for example, for the nMOS transistor, be+45V, perhaps for the pMOS transistor, be-45V), and other sweep traces 704 ground connection that interconnect.
Then, 700 pairs of quilts of gating matrix are write each pixel 702 write data (decision square frame 804 is to step 812) in the sweep trace of having energized.These data are corresponding to the desirable state of the shutter assembly 703 in these pixels 702.For the ease of understanding, single pixel 702 these data of explanation of writing in the row of choosing in the sweep trace of having energized about this quilt are write processings (determining square frame 804 to arrive step 812) below.In single pixel 702 write datas to this, gating matrix 700 is also write rest of pixels 702 write datas in the sweep trace of having energized to this quilt in the same way.
Pixel 702 write datas for the place, point of crossing of row of choosing of gating matrix 700 and this quilt being write the sweep trace of having energized, at first, at decision square frame 804, judge that the shutter assembly of being discussed 703 is will open or will close in next picture frame.If open shutter assembly 703, the shutter of 700 pairs of selected row of gating matrix is opened interconnection 706a and is applied a data voltage V
d(step 806).Select voltage V
dBe increased to and equal or exceed the required voltage of start, i.e. voltage V so that this shutter in the shutter assembly 703 is opened voltage between the electrode of actuator
AtRoughly open interconnection 706a and apply voltage V at the shutter of 700 pairs of selected row of gating matrix
dIn the time of (step 806), gating matrix 700 is the shutter close of these row interconnection 706b ground connection (step 808).
If at decision square frame 804, decision will be closed shutter assembly 703,700 pairs of shutter close interconnection of gating matrix 706b applies this data voltage V
d(step 810) and the shutter of these row open the interconnection 706a ground connection (step 812).In case bring up to V across the voltage between the electrode of desirable actuator
AtIf this actuator is not in desirable position before this, this actuator moves to desirable position to the shutter in the shutter assembly 703 with regard to start (step 814).
In step 806-812 the pixel in this sweep trace 702 has been write after these data, gating matrix 700 is interconnect 704 ground connection (step 814) and write the next sweep trace (step 816) of energizing of sweep trace.Repeating this process all pixels 702 in gating matrix 700 all is addressed.In one implementation, before first sweep trace in addressing control matrix 700, turn-off one that this gating matrix is fixed thereon backlight.Then, in addressing after all sweep traces in the gating matrix 700, reclose that this is backlight.With the beginning of time period of a frame of addressing betwixt with finish and this shutoff backlight and open the excitation that can improve consequent image synchronously, this is backlight because only just connect when all pixels all have been set to its correct image formation state at that time.
By noticing that opening the voltage difference that occurs on actuator and this shutter close actuator at this shutter determines a start incident.For carrying out consistent start, will remain to one of these voltage differences near zero usually, perhaps be lower than a certain sustaining voltage Vm at least, and the absolute value of another voltage difference will be above this start voltage.With the start term harmonization of reference Fig. 2,3 and 4 explanations, voltage that is applied such as V
dPolarity both can be that what to bear also can be positive, and the voltage that puts on this common potential (be expressed as " ") in Fig. 7 or in step 812 can be or any voltage of plus or minus.
In some implementations, advantageously periodically or every now and then be reversed in the sign of the voltage that occurs on these actuator of shutter assembly 703, and do not change the method 800 of these pixels of addressing in others.In one case, can be kept closer to zero current potential, simultaneously reversal data voltage V by public electrode with all shutters 703
dPolarity, finish reversal of poles.In another case, can be set to V by this common electric voltage
Common---V wherein
CommonBe equal to, or greater than V
At, provide a voltage source to make this data voltage or then at V
CommonWith 2*V
AtBetween alternately, or zero and V
CommonBetween alternately, finish reversal of poles.
Can be to the favourable use of reversal of poles like gating matrix 600 and 500 application class and the use of non-zero common electric voltage.
The process flow diagram of method 800 be at the situation that only in a picture frame, writes numerical information---that is, be intended to the situation that makes this shutter open or close---drafting.Can use a similar picture frame method for addressing, rely on through data interconnect 706a and 706b loading simulation data gray level image is provided.In the case, voltage between two parties only is used to produce partially opening of shutter 703.Be applied to shutter open voltage on the actuator will trend towards making this shutter along by with the shutter close actuator on the direction of the reverse movement that causes of voltage move.Yet it is right to have complementary voltage, when this complementary voltage when being applied simultaneously on these two actuator, will obtain the state that in check and predetermined part shutter is opened.
If this voltage source electronic circuit also is designed to have electric charge and reclaims ability, can utilize to offer this complementary characteristic benefit that shutter is opened the voltage of interconnection 706a or shutter close interconnection 706b.With the method 800 that is designed to load to this picture frame numerical information is example: the voltage that is loaded in this interconnection in step 806 or 810 is complementary.In other words, if in one of this interconnection, load V
d, another ground connection normally of interconnecting then.So the state (for example opening) that changes shutter assembly 703 from being closed to conceptive be the problem of transferring at the electric charge that an actuator stores on its retroaction actuator.If the energy loss on each in these transistors all is Q*V
dWherein Q is stored in an electric charge on the actuator, so, if the electric charge of this storage is not to be used as wasted energy simply to be dissipated in this voltage source electronic circuit but to be recovered for being used on another actuator when shifting at every turn, then can obtains considerable electric power and save.Although electric charge recovery completely is difficult, can obtain partially recycled method.For example, frame addressing method 800 can provide in inherent this voltage source electronic circuit of a short time period between step 802 and 804 data line interconnection 706a and 706b short circuit step together.In this short time period that makes these interconnection short circuits, these interconnection will be shared the electric charge of this storage, thereby the electric charge to small part can be used in and will be restored in the whichever data line interconnection of its complete charged state.
Fig. 9 is another the exemplary gating matrix 900 that is applicable to a pel array in the addressed display device 100.This gating matrix 900 is similar to gating matrix 700.In other words, gating matrix 900 comprises that promptly a shutter is opened interconnection 906a and a shutter close interconnection 906b to sweep trace interconnection 904 of the every capable pixel in the gating matrix 900 with to two data interconnection of the every row pixel 902 in this gating matrix.In addition, each pixel in the gating matrix 900 comprises that all a shutter opens transistor (perhaps selectively, diode or rheostat) 908a, shutter close transistor (perhaps selectively, a diode or rheostat) 908b, a shutter open capacitor 910a, a shutter close capacitor 910b and a shutter assembly 912.This shutter assembly can be the bistable and/or electric bi-stable of machinery.Yet gating matrix 900 comprises an additional controllable interconnection, i.e. an overall start interconnection 914.Overall situation start interconnection 914 basically simultaneously the pixel 902 at least two row of gating matrix 900 and two row roughly the same voltage (one " common electric voltage ") is provided.In one implementation, overall start interconnection 914 all pixels 902 in gating matrix 900 provide a common electric voltage.The higher capacitance electrode of the actuator of the shutter assembly 912 in each pixel 902 in the gating matrix 900 is electrically connected to overall start interconnection 914, rather than ground connection.
Comprise that overall start interconnection 914 makes it possible to the pixel 902 in a plurality of row of start gating matrix side by side 900 almost.As a result, can side by side encourage the actuator (for example shutter of all motions) of all starts to set up a given picture frame, opposite with the method for the start line by line of explanation in method 800.Using an overall start to handle is separated from the shutter assembly 912 in pixel 902 write datas and this pixel 902 of start in time.
The bistability of the shutter assembly 912 in the gating matrix 900 that comprised overall start characteristic use in the gating matrix 900 into.Electric bi-stable shutter assembly of start requires to satisfy simultaneously two conditions, and promptly the absolute value of the voltage on the electrode surpasses V
At, and the absolute value of the voltage on another electrode is lower than a sustaining voltage V
mThereby for gating matrix 900, when surpassing V
mA voltage when being applied on the actuator of a shutter assembly 912, counteractive shutter assembly is applied V
AtBe not enough to cause this actuator start.
For example, this shutter of supposing the shutter assembly of an electric bi-stable is opened the V that actuator has a 40V
AtAt the same time, even when applying 60V voltage between the electrode of opening actuator at this shutter, the sustaining voltage that applies 10V between the electrode of this shutter close actuator also can remain on a position of closing to the shutter of this shutter assembly.If between the higher capacitance electrode of all shutter assemblies and ground, apply the bias potential of one-10V by this overall situation common interconnect, simultaneously this is made one of moving electrode and apply this earth potential, then can apply the data voltage of one+40V to the low capacitance electrode of the selected actuator in this shutter assembly, thereby obtain the potential difference (PD) of one+50V on these actuator, and do not cause that these actuator carry out start.Then, by this overall situation common interconnect ground connection, the voltage on the electrode of selected actuator is reduced to+40V, removes the voltage on the counteractive actuator simultaneously.Because+40V still equals the start voltage of this actuator and do not have sustaining voltage that this counteractive actuator is kept in position, so all motions as one man of this actuator of choosing.Another example will illustrate with reference to Figure 10 below in further detail.
Figure 10 is to use the process flow diagram of 900 pairs of picture frame method for addressing 1000 of gating matrix of Fig. 9.This method starts from overall common interconnect 914 is arranged on a sustaining voltage V
m, for example be 1/2V over the ground
At(step 1001).Gating matrix 900 is write first sweep trace (step 1002) in this display of energizing then.Write and energize in order to carry out this, one the first sweep trace interconnection 904 of gating matrix 900 in gating matrix 900 applies V
We, for example+45V, and with other sweep trace 904 ground connection that interconnect.
Then gating matrix 900 to this quilt write each pixel 902 in the sweep trace of having energized write corresponding to next picture frame in the data (decision square frame 1004 is to step 1012) of desirable state of these pixels.These data are write processing and are described about single pixel 902 that this quilt is write in the row of choosing in the sweep trace of having energized hereinafter.In single pixel 902 write datas to this, gating matrix 900 is also write rest of pixels 902 write datas in the sweep trace of having energized to this quilt in the same way.
At decision square frame 1004 places, for to pixel 902 write datas, the shutter of judging the shutter assembly 912 in the pixel 902 is will be in this position of opening or will be in this position of closing in next picture frame.If this shutter will be in this position of opening, the shutter of 900 pairs of selected row of gating matrix is opened interconnection and is applied a data voltage V
d(step 1006).Select voltage V
dMaking, is V in that this overall situation common interconnect 914 is applied an overall start voltage
AgIn the past, this shutter in the pixel 902 was opened voltage on the actuator and is remained and be not enough to overcome the biasing that is applied on this shutter close actuator, yet made, this overall situation common interconnect 914 is being applied V
AgAfter, the voltage of opening across this shutter between the electrode of actuator is enough to make this shutter to open the actuator start.For example, if V
AtEqual 40V, V
mEqual 20V, V
AgEqual ground connection, then V
dSelect to such an extent that be greater than or equal to 40V, can overcome V yet be lower than
mCurrent potential.Open interconnection 906a at the shutter of 900 pairs of selected row of gating matrix and apply V
dIn the time of (step 1006), gating matrix 900 is the shutter close of these row interconnection 906b ground connection (step 1008).
If at decision square frame 1004, judge that this shutter will be in scram position, 900 pairs of shutter close interconnection of gating matrix 906b applies this data voltage V
d(step 1010) and the shutter of these row open the interconnection 906a ground connection (step 1012).
As the situation about method 800, method 1000 can also comprise one backlight synchronous with the shutter start.Yet, by using the above overall start process of explanation, can in the time of the bigger number percent of the time that accounts for a display job, keep this backlight opening, therefore the driving power for a middle par backlight obtains brighter demonstration.In one embodiment, synchronous backlight makes is provided with shutter in other row of this gating matrix at a different picture frame simultaneously and just turn-offs that this is backlight as long as shutter in the row of a gating matrix is set at a picture frame.In the gating matrix that does not adopt overall start, for each frame of video, turn-offing in whole data are write the process (about 500 microseconds to 5 millisecond) of processing should be backlight, and this is because of the start when it is addressed of every capable pixel.On the contrary, in using the gating matrix of overall start, write when handling and backlightly to keep connection carrying out these data, because pixel just changes state after having write all data.Just start from write a sweep trace after and terminate in apply this overall situation start voltage in case pixel have the state of change after in time (roughly 10 microsecond to 500 microseconds) of much shorter of one section time enough just shutoff (very will turn-off) this is backlight.
In method 1000, by noticing that opening the voltage difference that occurs on actuator and this shutter close actuator at this shutter determines a start incident.With the start term harmonization of reference Fig. 2,3 and 4 explanations, voltage that is applied such as V
dPolarity can be that bear or positive, and the voltage that puts on this overall situation common interconnect can be or any voltage of plus or minus.
In other implementations, can be applied to the method 1000 of Figure 10 a part of choosing of an entire pixel array, may be favourable because one after the other upgrade the different zones or the grouping of row and column.In this case, a plurality of different overall starts interconnection 914 can be routed to the part that is selected of this array, optionally to upgrade and the different piece of this array of start.
In some implementations, advantageously periodically or every now and then be reversed in the sign of the voltage that occurs on the actuator of shutter assembly 912, and do not change the method 1000 of this pixel of addressing in others.Under a kind of such situation, can finish reversal of poles by the sign of other most current potentials that in method 1000, adopt of counter-rotating except that this writes the voltage of energizing.In other cases, can use the voltage of the voltage that adopts in the method for being similar to 1000, but it has a kind of logic of complementation.Table 1 illustrates above at the normal voltage of method 1000 explanations and distributes and can be in order to the difference between the voltage of the reversal of poles on the electrode of realizing this shutter assembly.Under first situation that is called polar inversion method (Polarity Reversal Method) 1, the voltage that occurs on the actuator electrode just reverses on sign.For example, replacement is opened electrode to this shutter and is applied V
d, can use-V
dYet for the situation that the nMOS transistor is used for transistor 908a and 908b, (two grid voltages all move down an amount V should to adopt a kind of voltage transitions
d).These gate voltage switches guarantee that this nMOS transistor correctly works with the new voltage on this data interconnect.
Table 1
| Action: " closing shutter " | Method 1000 | Polar inversion method 1 | Polar inversion method 2 |
| The non-capable voltage of energizing | Ground | -V d | Ground |
| Write the voltage of energizing | V we | -V d+V we | V we |
| Voltage in the shutter close interconnection | V d | -V d | Ground |
| Open voltage in the interconnection at shutter | Ground | Ground | V d |
| Sustaining voltage | V m | -V m | V m |
| Overall situation start voltage | V ag(near ground connection) | -V ag(near ground connection) | V d |
Table 1 also illustrates one second method, and promptly polar inversion method 2, and this second method makes it possible to use similar voltage (sign on any interconnect drivers of needn't reversing), but still can realize the reversal of poles on all actuator.This is by being driven into higher voltage V to this overall situation start interconnection
dRather than the shutter of choosing with motion to the ground driving as in the method 1000 is realized.The order that voltage in this polar inversion method 2 changes is similar in the method 1000, just adopts a kind of complementary logic in step 1004 when distribution voltage is given the actuator of each pixel now.In this method 2,, then can open interconnection to this shutter and mention current potential V if close this shutter
d, and this shutter close interconnection can be grounded.In this example, this overall situation start interconnection is being kept current potential V from it
mMention and make electrokinetic potential V
dAfter, this shutter is opened current potential on the actuator and can be approached zero and (be lower than V certainly
m), and the current potential on this shutter close actuator can be-V
d, be enough to off-position is arrived in this shutter start, and the opposite polarity polarity that has and in method 1000, adopt.Similarly, in step 1004,, then can mention current potential V to this shutter close interconnection if this shutter will be opened
dAnd this shutter open the interconnection be grounded.
The start method that is similar to method 1000 can also be used for one-sided shutter assembly or elasticity shutter assembly, for example is used for the shutter assembly 502 of gating matrix 500.One-sided application like this will describe in conjunction with Figure 14 below.
Figure 11 is applicable to the diagram that is included in another gating matrix 1100 in the display device 100.As the situation about gating matrix 700 and 900, gating matrix 1100 comprises that 1104, one sweep trace interconnection 1104 of a series of sweep trace interconnection are corresponding to the every capable pixel 1102 in the gating matrix 1100.Gating matrix 1100 comprises a single data interconnect 1106 to the every row pixel 1102 in this gating matrix.So, gating matrix 1100 is applicable to control elasticity shutter assembly 1108, such as shutter assembly 200.As the situation about the actuator in the shutter assembly 200, the actuator in the shutter assembly 1108 in the gating matrix 1100 has a higher capacitance electrode and low capacitance electrode.
Except sweep trace and data interconnect 1104 and 1106, gating matrix 1100 also comprise a charging interconnection 1110 (also be marked as V (
At)) and charging triggering interconnection 1112 (also being marked as C-T).Charging interconnection 1110 and charging trigger between all pixels 1102 that interconnection 1112 can be in gating matrix 1100 or its certain subclass shared.For example, every row pixel 1100 can have public 1110 and public chargings of charging interconnection and trigger interconnection 1112.The following description supposition comprises that the public charging of 1110 and overall situations of charging interconnection that an overall situation is shared triggers interconnection 1112.
Each pixel 1102 in the gating matrix 1100 all comprises two transistors, i.e. a charging trigger switch transistor 1114 and a discharge switch transistor 1116.The charging that the grid of charging trigger switch transistor 1114 is electrically connected to gating matrix 1100 triggers interconnection 1112.The drain electrode of charging trigger switch transistor 1114 is electrically connected to charging interconnection 1110.Charging interconnection 1110 receives a dc voltage that is enough to encourage the actuator of the shutter assembly 1108 in each pixel 1102 under the situation that sweep trace interconnection 1104 is not applied any bias voltage.The source electrode of charging trigger switch transistor 1114 is electrically connected to the low capacitance electrode of this actuator in the shutter assembly 1108 in the pixel 1102, and is electrically connected to the drain electrode of discharge switch transistor 1116.The grid of discharge switch transistor 1116 is electrically connected to the data interconnect 1106 of row at pixel 1102 places of gating matrix 1100.The source electrode of discharge switch transistor 1116 is electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 1104 of row at pixel 1102 places of gating matrix 1100.The higher capacitance electrode of the actuator in the shutter assembly 1108 also is electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection 1104 corresponding to the row of this pixel.Alternatively, this higher capacitance electrode can be connected to ground that separates or public electrode.
Figure 12 is the process flow diagram that the addressing according to an exemplary of the present invention comprises a kind of method 1200 of the pixel in gating matrix---such as gating matrix 1100---into.Beginning at a frame addressing period, gating matrix 1100 excitation comprises all unexcited actuator of the shutter assembly 1108 in the gating matrix 1100 into, thereby all shutter assemblies 1108 are placed identical position (open or close) (step 1202-1204).In order to finish this point, gating matrix 1100 triggers interconnection 1112 to charging and applies a charging trigger voltage, 45V for example, charging trigger switch transistor 1114 (steps 1202) of actuate pixel.The electrode that comprises this actuator in the shutter assembly 1108 of pixel 1108 into plays capacitor, is used to store the voltage V that is provided in the charging interconnection 1110
At, 40V for example.Gating matrix 1100 continues to apply charging one period that is enough to make all actuator starts of trigger voltage (step 1202), and gating matrix 1100 is charging trigger switch transistor 1114 ground connection (step 1204) then.Gating matrix 1100 all sweep trace interconnection 1104 in gating matrix 1100 apply a bias voltage V
b, for example be 10V (step 1206) over the ground.
Gating matrix 1100 each pixel 1102 of setting about in this gating matrix of addressing is set about then, each delegation (step 1208-1212).For specific row of addressing, gating matrix 1100 is by 1104 ground connection writing that corresponding scanning line is interconnected, one first sweep trace (step 1208) of energizing.Then, at decision square frame 1210, gating matrix 1100 judges at each pixel 1102 of being write in the row of having energized whether this pixel 1102 needs to switch its initial frame position.For example, if in step 1202, all shutters are all opened, and then at decision square frame 1210, judge whether each pixel 1102 that this quilt is write in the row of having energized will be closed.If close a pixel 1102, gating matrix 1100 just applies a data voltage, for example 5V (step 1212) to the data interconnect 1106 corresponding to the row at these pixel 1102 places.Because this quilt is write the sweep trace interconnection 1104 of the row of having energized and is grounded (step 1208), so the data interconnect 1106 of these row is applied data voltage V
dCause the grid and the potential difference (PD) between the source electrode of discharge switch transistor 1116 to have the correct symbol and the amplitude of the raceway groove of opening transistor 1116.In case the raceway groove of transistor 1116 is open-minded, be stored in this shutter assembly actuator electric charge just can through sweep trace interconnect 1104 over the ground the discharge.Along with the voltage in this actuator that is stored in shutter assembly 1108 exhausts, restoring force in the shutter assembly 1108 or spring force this shutter to enter its loose position, close this shutter.If in decision square frame 1210, judging does not need the change state for a pixel 1102, just data interconnect 1106 ground connection of correspondence.Although this loose position is defined as this shutter close position in this example, can provide the wherein alternative alternative shutter assembly of the corresponding shutter open position of this loose state.Under more so alternative alternative case, apply data voltage V in step 1212
dCan cause this shutter to open.
In other implementation, the part that can choose of entire pixel array is used the method 1200 of Figure 12, may be favourable because one after the other upgrade the zones of different or the grouping of row and column.In the case, a plurality of different chargings can be triggered the part that is selected that interconnection 1112 be routed to this array, optionally to upgrade and the different piece of this array of start.
Illustrated as preamble, be the pixel in the addressing control matrix 1,100 1102, this data voltage V
dCan be markedly inferior to this start voltage V
At(for example 5V is to 40V).Because this start voltage V
AtOnce applied by every frame, and data voltage V
dCan by every frame repeatedly---with the line number that has in the gating matrix 1100 as many---ground imposes on each data interconnect 1106, so gating matrix, for example gating matrix 1100 must also be enough to compare the power that can save a great deal of as the gating matrix of this start voltage with requiring a data voltage height.
For the non-pixel of writing in the row of energizing 1102, be applied to the bias voltage V in its corresponding scanning line interconnection 1104
bKeep the current potential at the source electrode place of its discharge transistor 1116 to such an extent that be higher than the current potential at the gate terminal place of its discharge transistor 1116, even apply a data voltage V at data interconnect 1106 to the row of its correspondence
dThe time also be like this.The n channel MOS transistor is used in the embodiment supposition that should be appreciated that Figure 11.Other embodiments that adopt the p channel transistor can be arranged, can put upside down bias potential V in this case
bAnd V
dRelative symbol.
Discharge switch transistor 1116 can be substituted by one group two or more a plurality of transistor in other embodiment, for example, if use the CMOS technique construction gating matrix 1100 of standard, this discharge switch transistor can be by the nMOS of a complementation and pMOS transistor to forming.
Method 1200 supposition numerical informations are written into a picture frame, and promptly being intended to make this shutter is not that to open be exactly the situation of closing.Yet use the circuit of gating matrix 1100 in shutter assembly 1108, to write analog information.Only provide one section weak point of ground connection of this sweep trace interconnection in the case and the time of fixed amount, and only by the data line 1106 applying portion voltages that interconnect.When discharge switch transistor 1116 is worked with a kind of linear amplification pattern, make the electrode of shutter assembly 1108 only partly to discharge to discharge switch transistor 1116 applying portion voltages, and therefore partly open this shutter.
Gating matrix 1100 optionally applies data voltage to remaining row of gating matrix 1100 at the same time.After all pixels all reached its expectation state (step 1214), 1100 pairs of this sweep trace of choosing interconnection of gating matrix applied V again
bAnd select a follow-up sweep trace interconnection (step 1216).In addressing after all sweep traces, begin this process once more.As situation about the gating matrix that illustrates previously, can be an activity backlight of setting up and each frame synchronization of addressing.
Figure 13 is the diagram that is included in another gating matrix 1300 in the display device 100 according to being applicable to of an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1300 is similar to gating matrix 1100, but the pixel 1302 in the gating matrix 1300 comprises the charging diode 1304 different with charging trigger switch transistor 1114, and gating matrix 1300 charge with triggering and interconnected 1112.More specifically, gating matrix 1300 comprises to data interconnection 1306 of the every row in the gating matrix 1300 with to the 1308 and discharge transistors 1309 of a sweep trace interconnection of the every row in the gating matrix 1300.Gating matrix 1300 also comprises charging interconnection 1310 (also being labeled as V (at)) that are similar to the charging interconnection that comprises in the gating matrix 1100 into.
Preferably, shutter assembly 1108 and 1314 higher capacitance electrode are connected to sweep trace interconnection 1104 and 1308, and low capacitance electrode is connected to charging interconnection 1112 or 1310 through transistor 1114 or through diode 1304.The voltage that is sent on this shutter electrode through this charging interconnection changes general those voltages changes that stand through this sweep trace interconnection that are higher than on amplitude.
Figure 14 is a diagram that is suitable for comprising a gating matrix 1400 in the display device 100 into.Gating matrix 1400 comprises the parts of gating matrix 1300, i.e. sweep trace interconnection 1402, data interconnect 1404 and a charging interconnection 1406.Pixel 1408 in the gating matrix 1400 comprises a charging diode 1410, a shutter assembly 1412 and a discharge transistor 1414.Gating matrix 1400 also comprises an overall start interconnection 1416, is used for using and the overall start that the pixel 1408 of gating matrix 1400 is provided with reference to the illustrated similar method of method of Fig. 9 and Figure 10.This gating matrix also comprises an optional capacitor 1418, and the source electrode of this capacitor and discharge transistor 1414 and leakage level are connected in parallel.This capacitor helps a stable voltage at an electrode place of maintenance shutter assembly 1412, and no matter might change through the voltages that overall start interconnection 1416 is applied on another electrode.The interconnection 1416 in this array a plurality of row and the pixel 1408 in a plurality of row between shared.
If should the overall situation start interconnection be used in the pattern that is similar to the polar inversion method 2 in the table 1, this overall situation start interconnection provides the start threshold voltage except being used to, and can also be used to guarantee a kind of 0VDC mean value mode of operation.Average in order to reach 0V DC, this gating matrix replaces between different steering logics.By first steering logic, be similar to the steering logic that in address pixels method 1000 and 1200, is adopted, in the beginning of a frame addressing period, gating matrix 1400 is by storing V on the electrode of shutter assembly 1412 actuator
AtOpen the shutter assembly 1412 of all pixels in the gating matrix 1400.Gating matrix 1400 applies a bias voltage so that shutter assembly 1412 is locked in this open mode then.Gating matrix 1400 applies one greater than V through overall start interconnection 1416
mBias voltage, 1/2V for example
AtThen, in order to change the state of a shutter assembly 1412, when the pixel 1408 of the row of writing these shutter assembly 1412 places of energizing, gating matrix 1400 makes the V that is stored in this shutter assembly 1412
AtDischarge.Sustaining voltage stays open till overall start interconnection 1416 is grounded this shutter assembly 1412.
By second steering logic that is similar to the polar inversion method 2 in the table 1, this gating matrix is not being applied to voltage in the overall start interconnection 1416 from 1/2V
AtChange to ground connection, this gating matrix is being applied to voltage in the overall start interconnection 1416 from 1/2V on the contrary
AtChange to V
AtThereby for a shutter in the shutter assembly 1412 is discharged into its loose state, must keep the voltage that applies through charging diode 1410, rather than make this voltage discharge.Therefore with this second steering logic, gating matrix 1400 makes the V of storage from the shutter assembly that will stay open
AtDischarge, opposite with the shutter assembly discharge of closing from those.Gating matrix 1400 can every frame or on certain other periodic basis between these steering logics alternately.As time goes on, interconnect the 1416 clean current potentials that on the actuator of shutter assembly 1048, apply on average to 0V by charging interconnection 1406 and overall start.
Figure 15 is the diagram that comprises another the suitable gating matrix 1500 in the display device 100 into according to being applicable to of an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1500 is similar to the gating matrix 1100 among Figure 11.Gating matrix 1500 comprises to data interconnection 1502 of the every row pixel 1504 in the gating matrix 1500 with to a sweep trace interconnection 1506 of the every capable pixel 1504 in the gating matrix 1500.Gating matrix 1500 comprises that a public charging triggers 1508 and public charging interconnection 1510 of interconnection.Each all comprises an elasticity shutter assembly 1511, a charging trigger switch transistor 1512 and a discharge switch transistor 1514 pixel 1504 in the gating matrix 1500, described at Figure 11.Gating matrix 1500 also introduce an overall start interconnection 1516 and in Fig. 9 with respect to functional (functionality) of its correspondence of gating matrix 900 explanations.Gating matrix 1500 also comprises an optional voltage regulation capacitor 1517, and the source electrode and the drain electrode of this voltage regulation capacitor and discharge switch transistor 1514 are connected in parallel.
Each pixel 1504 of gating matrix 1500 comprises that also one the 3rd transistor, one write energize transistor 1518 and a data reservior capacitor 1520.The sweep trace of one-row pixels 1504 interconnection 1506 is connected to the grid of writing the transistor 1518 of energizing in each pixel 1504 that comprises in this row into.The data interconnect 1502 of the row of gating matrix 1500 is electrically connected to the source terminal of writing the transistor 1518 of energizing of the pixel 1504 in these row.The energize drain electrode of transistor 1518 of writing in each pixel 1504 is electrically connected to the data storing capacitor 1520 of respective pixel 1504 and the gate terminal that discharge triggers transistor 1514 in parallel.
The work of gating matrix 1500 comprises the key element all common with method 1000 and 1200.Beginning at a frame addressing period, a voltage is applied to the charging triggering interconnection 1508 and the charging interconnection 1510 of gating matrix 1500, set up current potential, i.e. a V on a the shutter assembly 1511 actuator electrodes with each pixel 1504 in gating matrix 1500
At, to open any shutter assembly of closing 1511.Those steps of carrying out in these steps and the step 1202 and 1204 in Figure 12 are similar.Write each row of energizing then in turn, only whether carry out as reference Figure 11,13 and 14 that carry out, will write to energize and be implemented as corresponding scanning line interconnection ground connection, opposite gating matrix 1500 applies one to sweep trace interconnection 1506 corresponding to each row and writes the voltage V that energizes
WeIn the pixel 1504 of writing the particular row of energizing, gating matrix 1500 to each of gating matrix 1500 corresponding to comprising that this quilt writes the data interconnect 1508 of row of the pixel 1502 will closing in the row of having energized and apply a data voltage.The sweep trace interconnection 1506 of this quilt being write the row of having energized applies V
WeCan conducting in the corresponding scanning line pixel 1504 write the transistor 1518 of energizing.Therefore make that the voltage that is applied on the data interconnect 1502 can be stored on the data storing capacitor 1520 of respective pixel 1504.
If being stored in voltage on the data storing capacitor 1520 of a pixel 1504, to compare ground connection sufficiently big, for example be 5V, just start discharge switch transistor 1514, make the electric charge that is applied on the corresponding shutter assembly 1511 through charging trigger switch transistor 1514 to discharge.Yet the bigger voltage that is stored in the shutter assembly 1511 is V
AtDischarge spend possibly than on data storing capacitor 1520, storing the time that the relatively little required time of data voltage Duos.By on data storing capacitor 1520, storing this data voltage, thereby even sweep trace is interconnected 1506 ground connection being stored in after the electric charge data interconnect 1502 corresponding with it on the capacitor 1520 keep apart in gating matrix 1500, this discharge and mechanical actuation process also can continue.Therefore, opposite with the discharge process that gating matrix showed shown in Figure 11,13 and 14, gating matrix 1500 (is used to be controlled at and applies start voltage V on the shutter assembly 1511 by means of the data voltage control discharge switch 1514 that is stored on the capacitor 1520
At), rather than the signal on requirement and the data interconnect 1502 transmits in real time.
In alternative alternative implementation, reservior capacitor 1520 and write the transistor 1518 of energizing and can substitute with other data storage circuitries, for example under interior known DRAM circuit or the SRAM circuit of technical field.
Opposite with the circuit shown in Figure 11,13 and 14, when discharging, do not flow to ground at the electric charge on the electrode of shutter assembly 1511 by means of sweep trace interconnection corresponding to pixel 1504.But the source electrode of discharge switch transistor 1514 is connected to the sweep trace interconnection 1522 of the pixel in the row of its below.Sweep trace in the gating matrix 1500 interconnection 1522 is maintained at or approaches earth potential not write when energizing; Therefore they can be used from the effect of effective receiver (sink) of the discharge current in the adjacent lines.
Figure 16 is the diagram that comprises another the suitable gating matrix 1600 in the display device 100 into according to being applicable to of an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1600 is similar to the gating matrix 1500 among Figure 15.For the every row pixel 1604 in the gating matrix 1600, gating matrix 1600 comprises a data interconnection 1602, and for the every capable pixel 1604 in the gating matrix 1600, gating matrix 1600 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 1606.Gating matrix 1600 comprises that a public charging triggers 1610 and overall start interconnection 1612 of 1608, public charging interconnection of interconnection.Pixel 1604 in the gating matrix 1600 each all comprise an elasticity shutter assembly 1614, charging trigger switch transistor 1616, discharge switch transistor 1617, one write energize transistor 1618 and a data reservior capacitor 1620, as shown in Figure 15.Gating matrix 1600 also comprise one with the overall start 1612 distinct shutter common interconnect 1622 that interconnect.These the interconnection 1612 and 1622 in this array a plurality of row and the pixel 1604 in a plurality of row between shared.
At work, gating matrix 1600 is carried out and gating matrix 1500 identical functions, yet is to carry out by different means or method.More specifically, finishing the method for overall start in gating matrix 1600 is diverse with the method for carrying out in gating matrix 900,1400 or 1500.In the former described method, this overall situation start is connected on the electrode of this shutter assembly, and applies a sustaining voltage V to this electrode
mTo prevent the shutter start.Yet in gating matrix 1600, overall start interconnection 1612 is connected to the source electrode of discharge switch transistor 1617.Overall start interconnection 1612 remain on than the current potential of shutter common interconnect 1622 significantly high current potential prevent any discharge switch transistor 1617 conductings, no matter and charge stored is how on capacitor 1620.Overall start in gating matrix 1600 is to realize like this, promptly, make that those discharge switch transistors 1617 can be according to whether stored a data voltage turn-on on capacitor 1620 by making the current potential in the overall start interconnection 1612 identical with the current potential of shutter common interconnect 1622.Therefore gating matrix 1600 does not rely on the electric bi-stable of shutter assembly 1614 to realize overall start.
Be brought in its time of making electrokinetic potential in overall start interconnection 1612 data reservior capacitor 1620 applying portion voltages are made it possible to partly conducting discharge switch transistor 1617.In this way, on shutter assembly 1614, produce an aanalogvoltage, so that analog gray scale to be provided.
In gating matrix 1600, opposite with gating matrix 1500, the higher capacitance electrode of the actuator in the shutter assembly 1614 is electrically connected to shutter common interconnect 1622, rather than is connected to overall start interconnection 1612.At work, this gating matrix is replacing between with reference to two steering logics of 1400 explanations of the gating matrix among Figure 14.Yet for gating matrix 1600, when this gating matrix was switched between these steering logics, gating matrix 1600 was according to selected steering logic, being applied to the voltage on the shutter common interconnect 1622 or switching to ground or switch to V
At, rather than be applied to overall start voltage in this overall situation start interconnection as the switching that gating matrix 1400 is carried out.
As in the gating matrix among Figure 13 1300, simple diode and/or MIM diode can replace charging and trigger handoff functionality or the electric charge value-added tax function that transistor 1616 carries out each pixel in this array.
Figure 17 is used for comprising the into diagram of another suitable gating matrix 1700 of display device 100 according to an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1700 controls comprise an array of the pixel 1702 of elasticity shutter assembly 1704.Gating matrix 1700 preferably includes and is not bistable shutter assembly, so that control shutter assembly 1704 better with a kind of analog form.In other words, the actuator of one of shutter assembly 1704 is applied a specific voltage and can cause a known increment shutter displacement.
Gating matrix 1700 comprises to sweep trace interconnection 1706 of the every capable pixel 1702 in the gating matrix 1700 with to a data interconnection 1708 of the every row pixel 1702 in the gating matrix 1700.Gating matrix 1700 comprises that also 1710, chargings of a charging interconnection trigger 1712 and discharges of interconnection and trigger interconnection 1714.These interconnection 1710,1712 and 1714 in gating matrix 1700 whole pixels 1702 or a subclass of these pixels between shared.Each pixel 1702 in the gating matrix 1700 all comprises four transistors, i.e. charging triggers transistor 1716, gray scale transistor 1718, discharge transistor 1720 and one and writes the transistor 1722 of energizing.The grid that charging triggers transistor 1716 is electrically connected to charging triggering interconnection 1712.Its drain electrode is electrically connected to charging interconnection 1710, and its source electrode is electrically connected to gray scale transistor 1718.The grid of gray scale transistor 1718 is electrically connected to a data reservior capacitor 1724 in parallel and writes the transistor 1722 of energizing.The source electrode of gray scale transistor 1718 is electrically connected to discharge transistor 1720.The grid of discharge transistor 1720 is electrically connected to discharge interconnection 1714, and its source ground.Mention once more and write the transistor 1722 of energizing, its grid is electrically connected to its corresponding scanning line interconnection 1706, and its drain electrode is electrically connected to its corresponding data interconnect 1708.
Gating matrix 1700 can be used for providing analog gray scale to display device 100.At work, in the beginning of a frame addressing period, 1700 pairs of discharges of gating matrix trigger interconnection 1714 and apply a voltage, conducting discharge transistor 1720.Any voltage that is stored in the actuator of the shutter assembly 1704 in the pixel 1702 is all discharged, and the shutter in the shutter assembly 1704 is discharged into its rest position.Gating matrix 1700 triggers interconnection 1714 ground connection to discharge then.Then, gating matrix 1700 applies one to each sweep trace interconnection 1706 in turn and writes the voltage V that energizes
We, the pixel 1702 in the conducting gating matrix 1700 in the row of each correspondence write the transistor 1722 of energizing.Along with transistor 1722 conductings of energizing of writing of a given row, gating matrix 1700 applies potential pulse to each data interconnect 1708, with the desirable brightness of indication each pixel 1702 in the pixel 1702 of being write the row of having energized.After this addressing sequence was finished, this gating matrix triggered interconnection 1712 to charging then and applies a voltage, and latter's conducting charging triggers transistor 1716, thereby can be to all electrode charging and all pixels of start side by side.
The brightness of a pixel 1702 is by pulsewidth that is applied to the potential pulse on its corresponding data interconnect 1708 or amplitude decision.When this potential pulse was applied on the data interconnect 1708 of this pixel, electric current was flowed through and is write the transistor 1722 of energizing, and sets up a current potential on data storing capacitor 1724.This voltage on the capacitor 1724 is used for controlling conducting channel open-minded of gray scale transistor 1718.As long as gate source voltage surpasses certain threshold voltage, it is open-minded that this raceway groove just keeps.At last, during charge cycle, the current potential that the current potential on the electrode of shutter assembly 1704 will rise to and be stored on the capacitor 1724 is more or less the same, and will end at this gray scale transistor of this moment.In this way, start voltage that is stored on this shutter assembly and this aanalogvoltage that is stored on the capacitor 1724 are changed pro rata.Resulting electrode voltage causes and the proportional incremental displacement of resulting voltage of the shutter in the shutter assembly 1704.This shutter keeps from the state of its rest position displacement till triggering interconnection 1714 for once more discharge at the end of this frame addressing period to power up.
As in the gating matrix among Figure 13 1300, simple diode and/or MIM diode can replace charging and trigger handoff functionality or the electric charge value-added tax function that transistor 1716 carries out each pixel in this array.
Figure 18 is used for comprising the into diagram of another suitable gating matrix 1800 of display device 100 according to an exemplary of the present invention.One of gating matrix 1800 control comprises an array of the pixel 1802 of two actuator shutter assemblies 1804 (promptly not only have the shutter assembly that shutter is opened actuator but also had the shutter close actuator).This actuator in shutter assembly 1804 can be made electric bi-stable or mechanical bistable.
For the every capable pixel 1802 in the gating matrix 1800, gating matrix 1800 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 1806.For the every row pixel 1802 in the gating matrix 1800, gating matrix 1800 also comprises two data interconnection, and promptly a shutter is opened interconnection 1808a and a shutter close interconnection 1808b.Gating matrix 1800 comprises that also 1810, chargings of a charging interconnection trigger 1812 and overall start interconnection 1814 of interconnection.These the interconnection 1810,1812 and 1814 in this array a plurality of row and the pixel 1802 in a plurality of row between shared.In a realization (hereinafter will than the realization that describes in detail), shared between interconnection 1810,1812 and 1814 all pixels 1802 in this gating matrix 1800.
Each pixel 1802 in this gating matrix comprises that all a shutter opens charging transistor 1816, shutter and open discharge transistor 1818, a shutter close charging transistor 1820 and a shutter close discharge transistor 1822.This gating matrix also comprises two voltage regulation capacitors 1824, and each is connected in parallel this voltage regulation capacitor with the source electrode and the drain electrode of discharge transistor 1818 and 1822.In the beginning of each frame addressing period, 1800 pairs of overall start interconnection 1814 of gating matrix apply a sustaining voltage, V
m, for example be the needed voltage V of this shutter assembly of start
At1/2.This sustaining voltage is locked in its current state to shutter assembly 1804, up to start an overall start when this frame addressing period finishes till.Gating matrix 1800 triggers interconnection 1821 to charging and applies a voltage then, and the shutter of the pixel 1802 in the conducting gating matrix 1800 is opened and shutter close transistor 1816 and 1820.In an implementation, charging interconnection 1,810 one of carrying are equal to, or greater than V
AtThe dc voltage of 40V for example.
During every capable pixel 1802 in addressing control matrix 1800, gating matrix 1800 is by 1806 ground connection writing that one-row pixels 1802 corresponding scanning line are interconnected this row pixel of energizing.Then gating matrix 1800 to corresponding to the every row pixel 1802 in the gating matrix 1800 or shutter open the interconnection of interconnection 1808a or shutter close 1808b apply a data voltage V
d, 5V for example.If the shutter close interconnection 1808b to row applies V
d, be stored in voltage on the shutter close actuator of corresponding shutter assembly 1804 by 1822 discharges of shutter close discharge transistor.Similarly, if being opened interconnection 1808a, the shutter of row applies V
d, be stored in the voltage that the shutter of corresponding shutter assembly 1804 opens on the actuator and open discharge transistor 1818 discharges by shutter.Generally,,, only allow in this actuator, be the shutter close actuator or be that shutter is opened actuator, discharge for any given shutter assembly in this array in order to ensure correct start.
In addressing after pixels 1802 of all row, gating matrix 1800 by current potential on 1814 that overall start is interconnected from V
mChange over ground connection start pixel globally 1802.If desired, this voltage change discharges this actuator to switch to its next state from its lock-out state.If should overall situation start interconnection will replace, that is to say that if gating matrix 1800 is not used this overall situation start method voltage regulation capacitor 1824 may be optional so with constant voltage ground or common interconnect.
As in the gating matrix among Figure 14 1400, a simple diode and/or a MIM diode can replace shutter to open charging transistor 1816 and shutter close charging transistor 1820.
Alternatively, can utilize the bistable characteristic of shutter assembly 1804 and replace shutter to open charging transistor 1816 and shutter close charging transistor 1820 with resistor.When with the work of resistor, people rely on the RC charging rate that is associated with the electric capacity of actuator in this resistor and the shutter assembly 1804 can be in size than or open discharge transistor 1818 or make the required much bigger fact of time of this actuator discharge through shutter through shutter close discharge transistor 1822.In the time interval between the actuator of shutter assembly 1804 recharges by this resistor and charging interconnection 1810 by the discharge of one of this discharge transistor and this actuator, correct voltage difference can be on the actuator of shutter assembly 1804, set up, and this shutter assembly start can be caused.After this resistor recharges in the opening and closing actuator of shutter assembly 1804 each, not start again of shutter assembly 1804, no matter because be any one in two actuator or all keep now suitable sustaining voltage effectively, promptly one greater than V
mVoltage.
Figure 19 is the diagram that is suitable for comprising another the suitable gating matrix 1900 in the display device 100 into according to an exemplary of the present invention.Gating matrix 1900 control comprises that double cropping moves an array of the pixel 1902 of device shutter assembly 1904 (promptly not only have the shutter assembly that shutter is opened actuator but also had the shutter close actuator).This actuator in shutter assembly 1904 can be made electric bi-stable or mechanical bistable.
For the every capable pixel 1902 in the gating matrix 1900, gating matrix 1900 comprises a sweep trace interconnection 1906.For the every row pixel 1902 in the gating matrix 1900, gating matrix 1900 also comprises two data interconnection, and promptly a shutter is opened interconnection 1908a and a shutter close interconnection 1908b.Gating matrix 1900 comprises that also 1910, chargings of a charging interconnection trigger 1914 and shutter common interconnect 1915 of 1912, overall start interconnection of interconnection.These the interconnection 1910,1912,1914 and 1915 in this array a plurality of row and the pixel 1902 in a plurality of row between shared.In a realization (this realizes explanation in further detail hereinafter), shared between interconnection 1910,1912,1914 and 1915 all pixels 1902 in gating matrix 1900.
Each pixel 1902 in this gating matrix comprises that all a shutter opens that charging transistor 1916, shutter are opened discharge transistor 1918, a shutter is opened and write energize transistor 1917 and a data reservior capacitor 1919, as shown in Figure 16 and 18.Each pixel 1902 in this gating matrix comprises that all a shutter close charging transistor 1920 and shutter close discharge transistor 1922, a shutter close write energize transistor 1927 and a data reservior capacitor 1929.
In the beginning of each frame addressing period, 1900 pairs of chargings of gating matrix trigger interconnection 1912 and apply a voltage, and the shutter of the pixel 1902 in the conducting gating matrix 1900 is opened and shutter close transistor 1916 and 1920.In an implementation, charging interconnection 1,910 one of carrying are equal to, or greater than V
AtThe dc voltage of 40V for example.
Then, illustrated as the gating matrix among reference Figure 15 1500, write each row of energizing in turn.When writing the pixel 1902 of the particular row of energizing, gating matrix 1900 to corresponding to the every row pixel 1902 in the gating matrix 1900 or shutter open interconnection 1908a or shutter close interconnection 1908b and apply a data voltage.The sweep trace interconnection 1906 of being write the row of having energized is applied V
WeMake two of pixel 1902 in the corresponding scanning line to write all conductings of transistor 1917 and 1927 of energizing.Thereby make the voltage that is applied on data interconnect 1908a and the 1908b can be stored on the data storing capacitor 1919 and 1929 of respective pixel 1902.Generally,,, only allow in this actuator, or shutter close actuator or shutter are opened actuator, discharge for any given shutter assembly in this array for guaranteeing correct start.
In gating matrix 1900, overall start interconnection 1914 is connected to shutter and opens both source electrodes of discharge switch transistor 1918 and shutter close discharge transistor 1922.Current potential that 1914 residing current potentials are significantly higher than shutter common interconnect 1915 can prevent any discharge switch transistor 1918 of conducting or 1922 to keep overall start to interconnect, no matter and what charge storage on capacitor 1919 and 1929.The realization of the overall start in the gating matrix 1900 is by making the current potential in the overall start interconnection 1914 identical with the current potential of shutter common interconnect 1915, make discharge switch transistor 1918 or 1922 can according to or capacitor 1919 or capacitor 1920 on whether stored a data voltage turn-on.Therefore, gating matrix 1900 does not rely on the electric bi-stable realization overall situation start in the shutter assembly 1904.
Make it possible to overall start interconnection 1914 is being taken in its time of making electrokinetic potential to partly conducting discharge switch transistor 1918 and 1922 to data storing capacitor 1919 and 1921 applying portion voltages.In this way, on shutter assembly 1904, set up an aanalogvoltage, so that analog gray scale to be provided.
At work, this gating matrix replaces between two steering logics, and is illustrated as the gating matrix among reference Figure 16 1600.
As in the gating matrix among Figure 13 1300, simple MIM diode or rheostat can replace charging and trigger handoff functionality or the electric charge value-added tax function that transistor 1616 carries out each pixel in this array.Also have,, can replace shutter to open charging transistor 1916 and shutter close charging transistor 1920 with a resistor as in the gating matrix among Figure 18 1800.
Generally speaking, move by the use nonoculture or the illustrational any gating matrix 1100,1300,1400,1500 of flexible shutter assembly or 1700 can be duplicated this control circuit in the mirror image mode and advantageously be applicable to the shutter assembly such as 1904 that double cropping is moving by each being opened and closed actuator.As shown in the method 800 of Fig. 8, offering these data, to open that data that interconnection and these data close interconnection tend to be complementary, apply a logical one if promptly open interconnection, will typically close interconnection so a logical zero is provided to these data to these data.In other alternative alternative implementations, can change this gating matrix to replace transistor with rheostat.
In alternative alternative implementation, this gating matrix writes down the former position of each pixel, and only just the data interconnect corresponding to this pixel is applied the position during position before the state for a pixel of next picture frame is different from.In another alternative alternate embodiment, this pixel comprises mechanical bistable state shutter assembly, replaces only electric bi-stable shutter assembly.In such embodiment, can replace charging to trigger transistor with resistor, and can from this gating matrix, remove this charging and trigger and interconnect, as illustrated above with reference to Figure 18.Two steering logics that gating matrix 1400 is used can also be used for other implementations of gating matrix 1800.
Grayscale technology
Field-sequential colorful
The low relatively power of display device 100 usefulness provides high-quality video image.One can have a higher order of magnitude based on the optics of the light valve of shutter than what LCD can provide by efficient, does not need polarizer or chromatic filter because it produces this image.
Under the situation of not using chromatic filter, be to use field-sequential colorful a method that produces video image in based on the display of shutter.Because the absorption in the chromatic filter, this chromatic filter reduce optical efficiency one＞60% number percent.Use the display of field-sequential colorful to change into to use one to produce the backlight of pure red, green and blue light with ordered sequence.For every kind of color produces an independent image.When replacing these independent color images with the frequency that surpasses 50Hz, human eye produces the sensation with single image of wide and continuous color gamut with these images of homogenizing.So can produce backlight efficiently, this is backlight make it possible to from or the pure color that produces of light emitting diode (LED) source or electroluminescent source between switch apace.
Gating matrix shown in Fig. 5,6,7,9,11, the 13-19 provides with gray tone accurately and produce the means of image (color sub-frame image) of particular color and the means of switching in mode fast between color image.
Forming accurately with field-sequential colorful, image can particularly need a limited time period because of switching between the desired state of each color sub-frame or each pixel of resetting by the synchronous improvement between handling in backlight and address pixels.Depend on the gating matrix that is used for addressing and start pixel, if do not adopt the option of overall start, image controller may suspend to look and finishes in each row enough that machinery switches or the time of start at each row of display or sweep trace so.To throw light on whole display widely and display controller switching state between 2 color images line by line simultaneously can disturb resulting contrast with a single color if this is backlight.
Considering that explanation is to reset between each color in the synchronous demonstration in the process of an image can be for two example of blanking time of use backlight.If this shutter start or open and closed condition between motion need 20 microseconds, if with a kind of this shutter of mode start line by line, and if 100 row are arranged, finishing addressing needs 2 milliseconds.So the meeting backlight that this is synchronous is turned off in these a few 2 milliseconds.Notice, if this display with the frame per second of 60Hz by 3 colors operations of every frame, then each color sub-frame only allows 5.6 milliseconds time, and in this example, backlightly is turned off in this time of 36%.
Alternatively, when adopting a kind of overall start scheme to switch between color sub-frame, for all shutters that move simultaneously between image, this image of same replacement will only need 20 microseconds.This has loosened the requirement to shutter speed in fact.In the process that color is reset, if should backlightly will turn-off the time that 100 microseconds are grown so, so be better than 98% by the number percent of the frequency lighting hours of 60Hz.Suppose the image refreshing time of one 100 microsecond, the not significant loss of lighting hours so may be increased to 120Hz to this frame per second.Use the frame per second of 120Hz can significantly reduce the image artifacts that causes by field-sequential colorful, for example colo(u)r breakup in the video image of rapid movement.
Gray scale
The quantity of available monodrome color partly depends on available gray level in each of this three color images in the display.Four principle methods that produce gray scale with and combination can be used for horizontal shutter display.
Analog gray scale
First method that produces gray scale is a kind of analogy method, makes shutter and the part start voltage that applies only partly block an aperture pro rata by this method.Can be designed so that horizontal shutter, for example make the shape of moving electrode illustratedly by control, make the number percent of transmitted light and a start voltage proportional above with reference to Fig. 2.
For analog gray scale, display device is equipped with a digital to analog converter, makes that the gray level of the voltage offer pixel and expection is proportional.In the whole time period of a picture frame, keep the ratio-voltage on each actuator, make in whole lighting hours section, to keep this ratio shutter position.Selectively use a capacitor of arrangement in parallel with actuator among Fig. 2 and Figure 17 to assist in ensuring that even may reveal some electric charges from pixel in lighting hours, voltage can not change significantly yet and change shutter position in this lighting hours section.
The advantage of this analog gray scale is only to need 1 shutter in every pixel motion, and only 1 picture frame need be set at each color illumination in the time period.Therefore in all alternative methods of gray scale were provided, the data transfer rate of analog gray scale and addressing speed were least overcritical.
The time-division gray scale
Suitably designing under the situation of horizontal shutter, can realize that low-voltage is switched fast.The horizontal shutter assembly that drives, the shutter assembly of describing in Fig. 2 for example for example can be fabricated to such an extent that have start time in 3 microsecond to the 100 microsecond scopes.Start so fast makes it possible to implement the time-division gray scale, and wherein contrast is realized by the relative turn-on time of the shutter of start or dutycycle by control.A kind of time-division gray scale can use the digital gray scale coding to implement, and is to comprise two shutter actuator states of gating matrix identification of bistable state shutter assembly, promptly connects or turn-offs.The time span realization that gray scale is opened by controlling a shutter.
Can adopt field-sequential colorful and frame per second switching time by supposition is the situation understanding of 60Hz.Distribute 5.6 milliseconds time for each color sub-frame.If this available time interval will be divided into 63 sections (6 gray scales of every color), the logical time increment of the short circuit of each image is called least significant bit (LSB) (LSB) time so, will be 88 microseconds.If the image of a corresponding LSB time position will utilize an overall start scheme to create and show that the start of all shutters need be finished in the time at remarkable LSB less than 88 microseconds so.If addressed display is available in the time that every row is reset few quite a lot of so line by line.For a display with 100 row, the operational start time may be lower than every row 0.5 microsecond.Although can have a plurality of controller algorithms be used to loosen by a needed time interval of scheme addressing shutter line by line (for example referring to people's such as N.A.Clark Ferroelectrics (ferroelectric material), the 46th rolls up the 97th page (2000)), in any case but shutter start required time lacks quite a lot of than 20 microseconds in these 6 gray scale examples.
By using time division multiplex to realize that the multidigit gray scale needs a large amount of power in addressing circuit because in this controlling schemes refresh at every turn or addressing period in the energy loss of each pixel in actuation cycles be 1/2CV
2(C is the electric capacity that this pixel adds control electrode, and V is a start voltage).The circuit diagram of Figure 11 and Figure 13-19 is by reducing power requirement from start voltage (the desired voltage of shutter moves) decoupling and reduction addressing voltage (desired voltage on sweep trace and data line).
Area is divided gray scale
It is to allow every pixel that a plurality of shutters and actuator are arranged that the addressing speed that can reduce the time-division gray scale requires another method with power requirement.By adding the availability of an additional gray level bit in spatial domain or area territory, offshoot program (time slots of 63 requirements) converts one 5 bit time scheme (time slots of 31 requirements) in the time of can be 6 scale-of-two.This added space position can realize with 2 shutters of every pixel and aperture, when particularly this shutter/aperture has unequal area.Similarly, if every pixel can be used 4 shutters (having unequal area), the quantity of required time position can reduce to 3 so, and the result remains 64 valid gray levels of each color.
The illumination gray scale
Can loosen the rate request of above-mentioned grayscale technology and/or another method that real estate requires and be to use a kind of illumination gray scale.By means of changing backlight luminescence intensity, can regulate contrast that the illumination by coloured image realizes or provide meticulousr gray level for this contrast.If this backlight can response fast (as under the situation of LED-backlit), so can by or change this brightness backlight or change its illumination duration and realize contrast.
Consider an example below, wherein we suppose that gating matrix uses a kind of overall start scheme and time-division gray scale by making up and showing that the different time bit image of the time of illuminated different length realizes.Is example with one by color framing being divided into 4 scale-of-two time encoding schemes that 15 time slots realize.The image that makes up at the shortest (LSB) time should remain time of 1/15 of available frame time.In order to expand to 5 encoding schemes, people can be divided into 31 time slots to this color framing in time domain, and this requirement doubles addressing speed.Alternatively, can only distribute 16 time slots, and give one of these time slots distribute one only by with the image of 1/2 brightness illumination or one by one only at the image of the back lighting of glistening in the section for turn-on time of 1/31 of this frame time.By adding these short duration image and partial illuminations, can on 4 time-division encoding schemes, add nearly 3 additional gray level bit.If this partial illumination position is assigned to the reckling in these timeslices, just can obtain an insignificant loss of averaging projection's brightness.
Mix grey scale solutions
Four principle means of gray scale are analog gray scale, time-division gray scale, area division gray scale and illumination gray scale.Be to be understood that and for example, make up available controlling schemes by in conjunction with above-mentioned any method by being used in combination time-division, area division and using partial illumination.Pass through interpositioning---be also referred to as shake, also can obtain the further division of gray scale.The time domain shake comprises only inserts LSB time position in a color framing series that replaces.The spatial domain shake is also referred to as shadow tone, relates to an established part controlling or open neighbor only has part brightness with generation regional area.
For overall understanding of the present invention is provided, additional exemplary will be described below, comprise portable handset and manufacture method thereof.Yet one of ordinary skill in the art are to be understood that, the illustrated system and method for this paper can be suitably at application make amendment and change, and the illustrated system and method for this paper can be used for other suitable application, and other such interpolations and revise and will can not depart from scope of the present invention.
More specifically, the system and method that this paper is illustrated, the method that mainly comprises portable handset and manufacturing portable handset, this portable handset comprises the low-power with enough resolution and the display board of bright illumination, so that a visual user interface to be provided, can under a plurality of ambient lighting conditions, watch visually distinct image.More specifically, in certain embodiments, the illustrated system and method for this paper comprises portable handset, and this portable handset comprises the display that contains a MEMS display board, and this MEMS display board has an optical modulation layer.This optical modulation layer comprises and is configured to the pixel element that the screen for virtually any size provides work to watch resolution, and the screen of above-mentioned virtually any size comprises takes advantage of 0.25 inch screen and littler screen for a short time to 0.25 inch, depends on application.Particularly, in one embodiment, but this optical modulation layer comprises a display that is formed by a display board with shutter of a plurality of transverse movements that are arranged in a matrix of pixel elements.This matrix approximately is one inch wide and takes advantage of one inch long, has 120 row and 120 row, thereby provides roughly 14,400 to be evenly distributed in this inch interior pixel of display board of taking advantage of one inch.Alternatively, as illustrating in further detail, can provide one backlight, this is backlight to provide a light source, this light source makes light pass this optical modulation layer, thereby the shutter of this transverse movement can be modulated the light that produced to produce an image on this display board.A MEMS display controller can be connected to this MEMS display board to drive this display to produce image.Alternatively, this MEMS display controller provides a plurality of mode of operations, with this MEMS display of mode activated that is adapted to use with condition with.The high optical power efficient of this MEMS display can be by this MEMS display controller influence, and in one embodiment, this MEMS display controller dynamically is arranged to the mode of operation of this display board to change with available power and application requirements.The highly efficient power utilization of the device that this paper is illustrated and control allow additional functional, such as WI-FI and panchromatic video, this additional functional otherwise power that power that may power supply can provide on extracting than machine on the time quantum of any practicality is Duoed.These embodiments and other embodiments illustrate in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing that this paper provides.
More specifically, Figure 20 illustrates one first embodiment according to a system of the present invention, and a portable handset A10 is shown, and this portable handset comprises a display A12, optional second a display A14, a display brightness control A16, one shows contrast control A18, a user interface input media A20, an illumination level detecting device A21, an audio frequency output A22, an input control A24, one second input control A28, a portable memory storage A30, an optional touch-screen A32 who places optional display A14 top, an optional stylus A34, a main case A38, an optional illumination level detecting device and a display cover housing A40.In addition, this system can comprise an attaching plug and mating interface (docking interface) and the interface that is connected to peripherals by for example audio sockets or usb bus or relevant apparatus.
A portable handset can be any device that a user can be portable easily, and has an internal electric source and make it possible to this device is moved to another position from a position.The size of a portable handset can be according to its intended purpose and characteristic change, and bigger device can have handle or handle, and less device can have wrist strap, arm band or clip, makes it possible to more easily carry this device.
Display A12 comprise one that hereinafter will describe in detail more, be contained in the MEMS display board that covers among the housing A40.Cave in above the main body of display A12 lid housing A40, and this displaying appliance has an appointment long 2
1/
2" and wide by 1 7/8 " size, comprise one about 3 " the diagonal angle screen size.Display A12 is in the scope of this lid housing A40 in the illustrated embodiment, and lid housing A40 comprises a header board and a backboard, this header board has an opening that is made into required size with the pathways for vision that is provided to this display A12, and this backboard covers the whole rear portion of display A12.Display board A12 can be on a frame of the periphery edge formation of this opening that is positioned at this backboard that covers housing A40.An optional seal, rubber washer or plastic washer can be placed around this periphery edge typically, make this display board A12 by being placed on this packing ring and sealed in place, allow a certain amount of elasticity.If this device A10 is fallen or in other mode by maloperation, the sealing part helps absorbing vibration.Typically, lid housing A40 is with plastics such as polystyrene or Polyvinylchloride or certain other suitable made.Alternatively, housing A40 can use metal, perhaps any combination manufacturing of plastics and metal material.No matter it is a kind of solid as to be enough to protect display board A12 so that use a housing of this display board for a long time which kind of situation, selected material will provide.This housing A40 typically grows 8 inches (20cm) and wide approximately 4 inches (10cm) approximately, and lid housing A40 overlays on the main casing A38.Device A10 shown in Figure 20 has one and is suitable for during operation the shape factor of holding this device by user's hand or both hands.This makes this device be easy to carry about with one, and in some embodiments, makes it possible to hold this device with a hand, and vacates the another hand so that main is to use optional stylus A34 to import data by optional touch-screen A32.
Optional display A14 can be one second display that is incorporated among this portable handset A10, and both can be used for display message, also can, in the embodiment illustrated, be used for input information.For this purpose, device A10 can comprise an optional touch-screen A32 who is placed on the display board A14.Touch-screen A32 can be the type of touch screens that is generally used in the computer system, make that a user can be by using a position that touches or exert oneself to discern on the touch-screen A32, this position can be used to discern an icon or other data that are presented on the display A14.
Portable unit A10 also comprises user interface element, such as the input media A20 shown in Figure 20 and input media A24 and A28 and audio output device A22.In illustrated embodiment, input media A20 plays games or is used for the criss-cross direction control knob that other forms of data are imported a kind of can being used to.Input media A24 and A28 can be used for can pressing button to the user of device A10 input data.Audio output device A22 shown in Figure 20 can provide sound signal so that the loudspeaker of type of feedback to be provided to this user to the user, and the sound signal that provides to the user is sound or music for example.No matter under which kind of situation, comprise that this input media of cruciform direction control knob A36 and audio output device A22 and output unit can be used for portable unit A10, so that a user can import data and receive data.These interface arrangements make the user can with the information interaction that appears on any one of display A12 or A14.Alternatively, and traditionally, cruciform input media A20 can be used to handle a meeting and appear at one of display A12 and A14 or the cursor on both.
This power supply can be a battery, fuel cell, capacitor or any other devices that a kind of electric power source is provided.Typically, this power supply is that a kind of rechargeable battery and one are connected to this battery to provide operation logic chip, lamp and display board and such as the power regulator of the voltage level of any other airborne device of WI-FI transceiver, chip for cell phone group, tuner, loudspeaker and other annexes.Realize that the result is as follows for one of the present invention:, and, can be that these annexes distribute more power by controlling the mode of operation of this display by the MEMS display that uses to have the horizontal shutter of the optical power loss that provides low.
Illumination level detecting device A21 can be the optical sensor of a testing environment light intensity.Illumination level detecting device A21 produces a strength signal, and this device can utilize this strength signal to regulate the brightness of this display.Thereby if this illumination level detecting device A21 detects the low-intensity of surround lighting, for example the light intensity in the room of a dark illumination installs A10 and can move display board A12 and A14 with low brightness.In addition, if this illumination level detecting device A21 detects the high strength of surround lighting, for example fine light intensity in outdoor appearance, device A10 can dynamically change to the higher brightness setting that the user can see to the mode of operation of display A12 and A14 under this ambient lighting conditions.
Forward Figure 21 to, show in more detail among the figure and can in two displays, occur so that the image type of information to be provided to the user on any display A12.Particularly, Figure 21 is illustrated in that size also can be 3 on the diagonal line " display A12 or A14.Figure 21 illustrates multiple different data type, comprises image, text and graphical symbol, and shows one 3 " text message of a fundamental quantity of diagonal line screen.Particularly, Figure 21 display A12 is shown can the projection text message---such as text A48, graphical symbol---for example illustrated user window widget A52 and A54 and image---illustrated image A 50 for example.
In illustrated embodiment, display A12 is a kind of screen of high-resolution pixelization, and is wide about 2.5 inches and be about 1 7/8 inches, and has about 256 row pixel and 192 row pixels, about altogether 49,152 pixels.Display A12 a kind ofly provides about 262, the color monitor of 144 colors, but this display can have or more or less color in other embodiment, and the amount of the color that provides of this screen can change according to using as will be described below like that.As hereinafter describing with reference to some optional embodiment, display of the present invention can also be monochromatic, and black and white perhaps has a kind of mode of operation that produces monochrome image typically.Under any circumstance, as shown in Figure 21, this hand-held device utilizes this display to user's exhibition information, and this information can comprise text message, such as contact information, telephone number, data and note.In addition, display A12 can show view data, such as image A 50, and this view data can be a bitmap file, a jpeg file or any other suitable image file type.In addition, the illustrated system and method for this paper can display video data, such as mpeg and wmv file.
The graph image that figure control piece A52 and A54 are produced by hand-held device A10 typically is used for providing the user interface that visually represents control piece to the user.For example, figure control piece A52 is expressed as the status indication whether this hand-held device of expression has a kind of quiet audio output function.The user can watch figure control piece A52 with the mute state of audio output device of decorrelation, and when changing this mute state, this hand-held device A10 can change over graph image A52 the graphical symbol of the change state of this mute function of expression.Similarly, figure control piece A54 represents a slip control piece, and this slip control piece can cause the information that is presented on this display according to the direction that moves this control piece A54, and perhaps at least one part of this information is rolled up and/or down.Display A12 also represents the information that comprises content information, and this content information for example is stored in the user data in the storer of this device.
Thereby display A12 is a part of the user interface of portable unit A10, and it plays a device that is used for the output unit of the data that can visually feel and plays guides user input data.In embodiment shown in Figure 21, hand-held device display A12 is used to represent and the data that contact data base is relevant.Yet, in other embodiment, this hand-held device can be a mobile phone, a smart phone, a media player, a game console, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, a televisor, a digital camera, a portable video recorder, a kneetop computer or other devices.In each of these embodiments, this hand-held device utilizes display A12 to convey a message to the user.
But display A12 comprises a display board with shutter of a plurality of transverse movements, but the shutter of these a plurality of transverse movements can light modulated on this display, to form an image, example image as shown in Figure 21.
Forward Figure 22 to, demonstrate a functional-block diagram among the figure, this functional-block diagram illustrates a portable handset A60, and this portable handset comprises a MEMS display A12 and the 2nd MEMS display A14, Graphics Processing Unit and MEMS display controller A70, image RAM A68, a central processing unit (CPU) A72, work RAM A74, power supply A76, external memory interface A78, an operating key A80, loudspeaker A82, a touch pad A84 and a peripheral circuit interface A88.
In addition, Figure 22 illustrates device A60 and can be connected with dismountable cassette disk A90, and this dismountable cassette disk can comprise a program ROM and backup RAM, and perhaps it can be a memory stick.MEMS display board A12 and A14 are connected to game processing unit and MEMS display controller A70 (MEMS display controller).MEMS display controller A70 shown in Figure 22 is connected to CPUA72 and works under the control of CPU A72 at least in part.MEMS display controller A70 is connected to image RAM A68 by a bidirectional bus, and this image RAM storage can or be presented at MEMS display A12 or is presented at image and/or video data on the MEMS display A14.In the embodiment shown in Figure 22, CPU A72 is connected to a plurality of user's interface devices by peripheral circuit interface A88.Peripheral circuit interface A88 is connected to operating key A80, and this operating key can be interface arrangement A20, A24 and the A28 shown in Figure 20.Peripheral interface A88 can also be connected to a loudspeaker, and this loudspeaker can be to same similar at the audio output device A22 shown in Figure 20.One can be that the optional touch pad A84 of the touch pad A32 shown in Figure 20 is connected to CPU A72 through peripheral interface A88.In illustrated embodiment, this portable handset comprises an interface A78 to a file devices A90.This file devices can comprise and be used to guide the programmed instruction of this device work and can comprise storer, such as illustrated program ROM and backup RAM A94.No matter which kind of situation, external storage A90 can be connected to this CPU by an external memory interface A78.Alternatively, this system can comprise other elements, such as Wi-Fi transceiver, Bluetooth transceiving, televisor and/or radio tuner and other such elements.These elements can be integrated among the device A10 and place within the housing A38, perhaps can be to be connected to this device or to be connected to the peripheral unit of this device by other interfaces that are set for this purpose by interface A78.
CPU A72 can be microprocessor unit such as ARM 7, at work this microprocessor unit can query interface device A78 and A88 to collect user's input and to provide feedback to the user.CPU A72 is the programmable device of an execution of program instructions, and this programmed instruction for example can comprise the instruction that is used for carrying out a video-game on this hand-held device A10, with the output unit of MEMS display A12 as video information.For this purpose, CPU A72 can monitoring user input media A80 with collect about the user play decision information and use this game information to judge by any or whole two among MEMS display A12 and the A14 to represent what image to the user.
In order to represent visual information to the user, CPU A72 can be connected to MEMS display controller A70, and in one embodiment, this MEMS display controller can be a field programmable gate array (FPGA) that is used to provide the type of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).In response to a instruction from CPU A72, MEMS display controller A70 adopts RAM A68 to produce a game image outputing to a MEMS display A12 and the 2nd MEMS display A14, and causes that the game image that is produced is displayed on one of MEMS display A12 and A14 or whole two.
In illustrated embodiment, MEMS display controller A70 is a graphic process unit and MEMS display controller that is integrated in the single programmable device, and this single programmable device is a field programmable gate array (FPGA) typically.This Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) can be the GPU of such class routine: the GPU of the type can operate the graph image such as ghosts and monsters (sprite), and can organize or select in the RAM A68 or from the view data of this RAM, so that this view data is presented on one of MEMS display A12 and A14 or whole two by MEMS display controller A70.
MEMS display controller A70 shown in Figure 22 also, at least in part, in FPGA A70, realize, yet one of ordinary skill in the art can be clear, this GPU and MEMS display controller can be realized in independent programmable device, and can use the circuit and the controller of any suitable type in addition, and FPGA is a common embodiment that is used for realizing the system of complicated logic in a portable electronic equipment.
Illustrated MEMS display controller A70 has a plurality of mode of operations and is used to control each MEMS display A12 and A14.As hereinafter will explaining, but this portable handset according to the present invention comprises the display board that is formed a MEMS layer with the shutter that comprises a plurality of transverse movements.But shutter that should transverse movement can light modulated in order on this MEMS display, to produce an image.But the shutter that is used for the transverse movement of this display board moves to a second place from least one primary importance effectively, can the speed of display video image carrying out this motion on arbitrary this MEMS display.In addition, in certain embodiments, this MEMS display board can show monochromatic data, and black and white is used for for example application and other similar application of wrist-watch, e-book, figure rest image, text and so on typically.MEMS display controller A70 shown in Figure 22 comprises a kind of mode of operation, be used for driving effectively MEMS display board A12 and A14, represent the power consumption that an image extracts from the power supply A76 in the hand-held device A10 with minimizing to use a mode of operation of choosing by this MEMS display controller A70.
MEMS display controller A70 can provide the dynamic control to this MEMS display board, and in one embodiment, can be by controlling the figure place that is used to be provided with color according to application and condition, for example 2 (monochrome), 4,6 or multidigit more, control to color depth is provided, comprises adaptive control.In these embodiments, MEMS display controller A70 can be at the power setting color-resolution that will extract, and this can cause a large amount of electric power to be saved.For example, MEMS display controller A70 can for example show the numeral of dialling the telephone number that cries at a specific application, determines to carry out monochromatic demonstration.Under this pattern, MEMS display controller A70 can select two mode of operations, and these two mode of operations show with monochrome image is dialling the telephone number that cries.Yet, if should use, for example move a web browser, require coloured image, MEMS display controller A70 can use 6 colors to show this image.Alternatively, MEMS display controller A70 can handle the view data that is stored in this video memory judging desired color depth, and judges according to this, regulates the figure place that is used to produce this image.MEMS display controller A70 can service time multiplexing gray scale, and use a command sequence that color bit depth is set, color bit depth dynamically and adaptively is set.
Figure 23 is a block scheme of an embodiment of a MEMS display controller.Illustrated MEMS display controller can drive and control a MEMS display board, such as plate A12 or A14.As noted earlier, the illustrated portable handset of this paper adopts a MEMS display board, thinks that the user produces the shutter of the transverse movement of an image but this MEMS display board comprises a plurality of light modulated.An embodiment of such MEMS display is shown among Figure 25 C in further detail, and this figure provides the exploded view of an exemplary MEMS display board A600.
Particularly, Figure 25 C illustrates a MEMS display board A600, and this MEMS display board comprises a cover plate A602, a black matrix (matrix) A608, an a plurality of shutter assembly A616 with matrix of row and column, transparent substrate A630, strengthening membrane A622, diffusion layer A624, light conductive medium A628, scattering and reflection horizon A620 and a plurality of support column A640 of being arranged in.
But illustrated shutter assembly A616 comprises shutter and a static driven member of a transverse movement.Shutter assembly A616 is formed on the illustrated MEMS layer, and this MEMS layer is formed on this transparent substrate A630.Gating matrix to provide one can be connected shutter A616 with MEMS display controller A70 also is provided in this MEMS layer a plurality of conducting elements.An example of a gating matrix is shown among Figure 24 A, yet this MEMS display controller can utilize any suitable gating matrix work.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 25 C, this shutter is transverse movement in a plane preferably, make this shutter in its corresponding aperture A638 or motion above at least a portion of aperture A638, the light that produces by lamp (light source) A612 with modulation, the light that produces by this lamp A612 at least in part by reflect/scatter surfaces A 620 upwards guiding pass aperture A638.This is illustrated by the light A614 that upwards propagates through cover plate A602.In this embodiment, the shutter of the transverse movement that describes in detail with reference to Figure 24 B by in the plane above the A638 of aperture the transverse movement light modulated, cut the fluid of any this shutter of encirclement effectively.This incision campaign is understood that high efficiency and the switch speed of video rate is provided.Shuo Ming MEMS display is the MEMS types of display panels that explanation can be used for portable handset of the present invention herein.Yet, embodiment shown in these is not exhaustive, this MEMS display board can be suitably be made amendment at predetermined purposes, and for example can comprise front lighting, chromatic filter, modulation reflected ambient be with the shutter of cremasteric reflex or transmission/reflection MEMS display board.An a kind of like this example of reflective display is shown among Figure 37.Particularly, Figure 37 illustrates a reflection MEMS display board A1800, this reflection MEMS display board comprises and is arranged in a lens arra A1802 on the shutter assembly A1810, this shutter assembly have one above a reflecting surface A1804 transverse movement with the shutter A1808 of the surround lighting of modulation incident.Thereby this display can change according to using, and they can have different shape and size, and they can be QVGA or certain other sizes, and this size, pixel count and picture element density can change according to using.
The gating matrix that is connected to this MEMS layer and shutter assembly A616 is controlled the motion of this shutter.This gating matrix comprises a series of electrical interconnection (not shown)s, a data interconnection and all pixels in display board A600 writing the interconnection of energizing, every row pixel that comprise that of every capable pixel is also referred to as " sweep trace interconnection " or the common interconnect that a common electric voltage is provided from the pixel of a plurality of row in this display board and a plurality of row two aspects at least.(" write the voltage of energizing, V in response to applying a suitable voltage
We"), the interconnection of energizing of writing of the pixel of a given row makes the pixel in this row be ready to receive new shutter movement instruction from this MEMS display controller.This data interconnect transmits this new movement instruction with the form of data voltage pulse.In some implementations, the data voltage pulse that is applied on this data interconnect is directly worked to the motion of the static driven of shutter.In other implementation, this data voltage pulse gauge tap, for example transistor or other control should generally be higher than this data voltage by start voltage separately to the nonlinear circuit element that shutter assembly A616 applies start voltage separately on amplitude.So apply the motion that these start voltages cause the static driven of this shutter.For this purpose, can use a common driver A155 applying the motion of data voltage with this shutter of rear drive.Illustrated common driver A155 can control one or more common signal, and this one or more common signal is the signal that electricity offers all these shutter assemblies or one group of this shutter assembly.This this common signal can comprise the public public high voltage of energizing, be used for the shutter start, the public ground write.Alternatively, this common driver can drive a plurality of lines, for example is electrically connected to a plurality of common ground of the zones of different of MEMS display board A14.Should be appreciated that this driver among Figure 23 is illustrated as the function square frame, but in practice, these drivers may be implemented as a plurality of circuit components and discrete parts, and practical structures will according to institute at the application change.
MEMS display controller shown in Figure 23 comprises a controller A156, display interface A158, a frame buffer A159, sequencer/timing controlled A160, data driver A154, scanner driver A152, lamp driver A168, a power controller A153, and showing four lamp A157a-d, these four lamps play the light source of MEMS display board A12 under independently controlling.Lamp A157a-d has different color (red, green, blue and white), is used to provide coloured image/video and monochrome image/video.The A157a-d of lamp shown in the figure is separately element, yet normally the housing of these lamps and this display board is combined into integral body.MEMS display controller A150 can be made up of programmable logic element such as FPGA and discrete circuit component.In one embodiment, controller A156 is a FPGA device, and this FPGA device is programmed to realize power controller A153, display interface A158, frame buffer A159 and sequencer/timing controlled A160.Scanner driver A152, data driver A154 and lamp driver A168 can be discrete circuit blocks, such as custom layout, commercially available driver and/or discrete transistor.
These a plurality of scanner driver A152 (being also referred to as " writing the voltage source of energizing ") and a plurality of data driver A154 (being also referred to as " data voltage source ") are electrically connected to the gating matrix of display A12.Scanner driver A152 interconnects to sweep trace, such as the interconnection of the sweep trace shown in Figure 24 A A506, applies and writes the voltage of energizing.Data driver A154 applies data voltage to data interconnect A508.In some embodiments of this MEMS display controller, data driver A154 is arranged to shutter assembly analog data voltage is provided, especially in the time will obtaining the gray scale of image with a kind of simulated mode.In analog operation, shutter assembly A616 is designed so that, when applying the voltage between two parties of a scope, in this shutter, cause the open mode between two parties of a scope, and therefore in this image, cause the illumination condition between two parties or the gray scale of a scope by data interconnect A508.
Under other situation, data driver A154 is arranged to 2,3 or 4 digital voltage levels that only apply a reduction group to this gating matrix.These voltage levels are designed to, and are set to an open mode or a closed condition or a state between two parties with in these shutters of digital mode each.
Scanner driver A152 and data driver A154 are connected to digitial controller circuit A156 (being also referred to as " controller A156 ").This controller comprises a display interface A158, and this display interface is processed into a kind of space addressing of display A12 and digital image format of gray scale capacity and operator scheme of being suitable for to the picture signal of input.The location of pixels of each image and gradation data are stored among the frame buffer A159, thereby can go out feeds of data to data driver A154 as required.These data are sent to data driver A154 with serial or parallel transmission, by with by row with press the predetermined sequence tissue that picture frame divides into groups.Data driver A154 can comprise serial-to-parallel data converter, level translator, and comprises the digital-to-analogue electric pressure converter for some application.
Be used for the timing controlled A160 time synchronized of the All Drives (for example scanner driver A152, data driver A154, start driver A153 and overall start driver A155 (not shown)) of different Presentation Functions by controller A156.Timer command coordinate red, green, blue and white lamp A157a-d independently, dependent or synchronous illumination, and coordinate by lamp driver A168 this pel array particular row write energize and order, voltage from the output of the voltage of the output of data driver A154 and the start of regulation shutter.
Controller A156 can comprise the programmed logic of realizing a coloured image generator, and each shutter in this coloured image generator decision array can suitably be re-set as the sequencing schemes or the addressing scheme of a new images.Can new image be set with the periodic time interval.For example, show, refresh the coloured image or the frame of this video with the frequency in 10 to 1000 hertz of scopes, but can change this frequency according to using for video.In some embodiments, the setting of a picture frame and an illumination backlight are synchronous, make with color alternately such as red, green, blue and white series illumination picture frame alternately.The picture frame of each respective color is called a color sub-frame.This FPGA can have the programmed logic of realizing an optical controller, is used to carry out the sequential energisation of LED.In being called this method of field sequence mixed-color method, if with the frequency that surpasses 20Hz and preferably the frequency of 180Hz replace these color sub-frame, the user can feel the two field picture that this replaces average effect and see a image with wide and continuous color gamut.The duration of this color sub-frame can change according to using, and can control image parameter by the length that changes this frame time, such as brightness, color saturation and color depth, also can control employed power.For example, controller A156 can regulate the color depth of shown image to control the power that this display uses, and simultaneously color depth is chosen as the image modification that is shown with this.In a mobile phone was used, controller A156 can discern one and be input to picture signal controller A156, the expression text.For example when the user uses keyboard interface, programmed logic can judge that a telephone number just is being transfused to and will be shown as image.Under this state, controller A156 enters a monochromatic mode of operation.Controller A156 starts this driver and shows the monochrome image of this telephone number and with a low frequency or equilibrium mode exciting light source, do not travel through a plurality of picture formats that replace because require the different colours parts under monochromatic mode to impel shutter.This has reduced the power use, avoided driving shutter, and avoided with switching rate or driving LED regularly frame by frame with alternate images form this respect power hungry, and with switching rate or frame by frame regularly driving LED be to use power.Can adapt to a kind of similar mode of operation by reducing color depth when possible, thereby minimizing need drive the number of times of shutter with formation image alternately, and the time frame that allows than length is used to drive this LED.Coloured image takes place and can be undertaken by controller A156, perhaps independent logical unit can be used for this coloured image generator, and the two all within the scope of the invention.
In an alternative alternate embodiment, MEMS display A12 comprises at least one color filter layer, and typically this color filter layer places path by the light of one group of corresponding shutter modulation to color filter.So this MEMS display can have a color filter layer, for example in the color filter layer shown in Figure 25 B, this illustrates a color filter layer that is arranged between cover plate A602 and the shutter A616.Particularly, this color filter layer is integrated among the black matrix A608 and a red light filter part A 617a is provided above shutter assembly A616a, a blue light filter part A 617b is provided above shutter assembly A616b, and a green light filter part A 617c is provided above shutter assembly A616c.These three shutter assembly A616a-A616c can be operated dividually by MEMS display controller A70, and constitute a coordinated movement of various economic factors process of setting up image above these three shutter assembly A616a-c, and each color component of this image uses a shutter.These three shutter assemblies are worked together so that a pixel of this display to be provided.So MEMS display controller A70 can produce a red image, a blue images and a green image, each in them all is stored among the frame buffer A159 and is sent to scanner driver A152 and data driver A154.In this embodiment, only need white lamp A157d, and color is produced by this color filter layer.In other embodiments, can use other light filter color and light filter to arrange.
If this display device is designed to numeral switching shutter between state of opening and closing state, controller A156 can control the time interval between addressing order and/or the picture frame, has suitable image gray with generation.Be called the time-division gray scale by control the processing that time quantum that a shutter opens produces variable gray level in a specific frame.In an embodiment of time-division gray scale, illumination or gray scale that controller A156 wishes according to respective pixel determine to allow a shutter to remain in the time period or the time portion of open mode in each frame.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale,, frame time is divided into for example 15 equal subframes of duration according to the illumination that is suitable for 4 scale-of-two gray scales.Controller A156 is arranged into a distinct image in each of these 15 subframes then.The brighter pixel of this image maintains open mode the most of these 15 subframes or all, and darker pixel only is set at open mode in the part of these subframes.In another embodiment of time-division gray scale, controller circuitry A156 and the position grade importance of represent one of illumination value coding gray scale word change the duration of a series of subframes pro rata.In other words, can change the duration of these subframes according to scale-of-two series 1,2,4,8....Then, according to the place value of position in the binary word of the predetermined gray scale of corresponding each pixel, a correspondence, the state or the closing state that in a specific subframe, the shutter A108 of this pixel are made as or open.
A plurality of hybrid technologies can be used for forming gray scale, and these technology combine the time division technique of above explanation with the independence control of use or a plurality of shutters of every pixel or backlight intensity.These technology will further specify hereinafter.
In an implementation, the addressing control matrix promptly provides control information to pel array, finishes by each line of addressing sequentially, and these lines are sometimes referred to as the sweep trace or the row of this matrix.Apply Vwe and optionally the data interconnect A508 of each row is applied data voltage pulse Vd by interconnection that writing of a given sweep trace energized, this gating matrix can be controlled the motion that this quilt is write each shutter in the row of having energized.By repeating these steps at the every capable pixel among the MEMS display A12, this gating matrix can be finished the setting to the movement instruction of each pixel among the MEMS display A12.
In an alternative alternative implementation, for example this gating matrix is energized to interconnect to writing of multirow pixel simultaneously and is applied Vwe, with the similarity between the movement instruction of the pixel in the pixel of utilizing different rows, thereby all pixels that reduce in MEMS display A12 provide movement instruction required time quantum.In another alternative alternative implementation, with a kind of order of non-order, for example with a kind of pseudorandom order, the described row of addressing, so that the visual artifacts that produces is sometimes minimized, the time-division that particularly is used in combination a coding is during gray scale.
In alternative alternate embodiment, this pel array and control comprise that the gating matrix of these pixels in this array into can arrange by the configuration of the row and column that is different from rectangle.For example this pixel can be arranged as the segment displays shown in Figure 31 B by hexagonal arrayed or by the row and column of curve.Generally, the term sweep trace will refer to any a plurality of pixels of writing the interconnection of energizing of sharing when using in this article.
Gating matrix and method of operating thereof
Figure 24 A is the conceptual scheme that is suitable for being included in a gating matrix A500 who is used for a pel array of addressing among the display board A12.Figure 24 B is the isometric view of a part that comprises the pel array of gating matrix A500.Each pixel A 501 comprises an elasticity shutter assembly A502 by an actuator A503 control.
Gating matrix A500 is manufactured into the circuit lip-deep, diffusion or thin film deposition that the position forms the substrate A504 of this shutter assembly A502 thereon.For the every capable pixel A 501 among the gating matrix A500, gating matrix A500 comprises a sweep trace interconnection A506, and for the every row pixel A 501 among the gating matrix A500, gating matrix A500 comprises a data interconnection A508.Each sweep trace interconnection A506 is a pixel A 501 of writing in the pixel A 501 that the voltage source A507 that energizes is electrically connected to a corresponding row.Each data interconnect A508 is electrically connected to a data voltage source (" Vd source ") A509 the pixel A 501 in the pixel of a respective column.In gating matrix A500, data voltage Vd provides the major part of start energy needed.Thereby this data voltage source A509 also plays a start voltage source.In an alternative alternate embodiment, this start voltage, Vd can be a common interconnect that is connected to the unit of this display.
For each pixel A 501 or each shutter assembly in this array, gating matrix A500 comprises a transistor A510 and an optional capacitor A512.Each transistorized grid is electrically connected to the sweep trace interconnection A506 of the row at pixel A 501 places in this array.The source electrode of each transistor A510 is electrically connected to its corresponding data interconnect A508.Shutter assembly A502 comprises an actuator with two electrodes.These two electrodes have different significantly electric capacity with respect to surroundings.This transistor is connected to data interconnect A508 at the actuator electrode with lower electric capacity.More specifically, the drain electrode of each transistor A510 and the electrode of corresponding capacitor A512 are electrically connected and are connected to the low capacitance electrode of this actuator in parallel.Another electrode of capacitor A512 and the higher capacitance electrode of the actuator among the shutter assembly A502 are connected to a common potential or earth potential.At work, in order to form an image, MEMS controller A70 drive controlling matrix A 500 is write each row in this array of energizing in turn by applying voltage Vwe to each sweep trace interconnection A506 successively.Write the row of having energized for a quilt, the grid of the transistor A510 of the pixel A in this row 501 is applied Vwe make electric current flow through transistor, apply a current potential with actuator to shutter assembly A502 through data interconnect A508.When writing this row of energizing, data voltage Vd optionally is applied on the data interconnect A508.In the implementation of analog gray scale is provided, the data voltage that puts on each data interconnect A508 be positioned at this quilt and write the desirable brightness of the pixel A of locating the point of crossing of the sweep trace interconnection A506 that energizes and this data interconnect A508 501 and change explicitly.In the implementation of digital control scheme is provided, this data voltage be selected as or relatively low amplitude voltage (i.e. voltage closely) or meet or exceed Vat (start threshold voltage).In response to a data interconnection A508 is applied voltage Vat, the shutter in this shutter assembly A502 is opened in the actuator start among the corresponding shutter assembly A502.Even putting on the voltage of this data interconnect A508 stops to apply voltage Vwe to a row at gating matrix A500 and also still is stored among the capacitor A512 of this pixel later.Therefore, do not need to wait for and keep a voltage Vwe on the row for a long time to time that shutter assembly A502 is enough to start; Such start can begin to carry out after this writes the voltage of energizing removing from this row.Voltage among the capacitor A510 in row is stored in basically always to be write till complete the frame of video, and be stored in some implementations always this row write new data till.
Gating matrix A500 can pass through to use the procedure of processing manufacturing of following order:
At first, forming an aperture layer A550 on a substrate A504, if substrate A504 is opaque, is silicon for example, then substrate A504 serves as aperture layer A550, and the array that passes the hole of substrate A504 by one of etching forms hole, aperture A554 in substrate A504.If substrate A504 is transparent, be glass for example, then form aperture layer A550 by on substrate A504, depositing a light blocking layer and this light blocking layer being etched into a hole array.Hole, aperture A554 can be substantially circular, oval-shaped, polygonal, spiral or irregular in shape.If this light blocking layer is also used a kind of reflecting material manufacturing, for example with a kind of metal manufacturing, then aperture layer A550 can be used as a mirror surface, and this mirror surface is recycled to the light of non-transmission on set up backlight, to improve optical efficiency.Be applicable to that the reflecting metallic film that provides light to reclaim can form with a plurality of vapour deposition methods, described vapour deposition method comprises sputter, evaporation, ion plating, laser ablation or chemical vapor deposition.Can be used for the metal of this reflective application, comprise, yet be not limited to, Al, Cr, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Ta, Ti, Nd, Nb, Si, Mo, Rh and/or its alloy.Thickness in 30nm to the 1000nm scope is enough.
The second, on the top of aperture layer metal A 550, deposit a metal intermetallic dielectric layer in the mode of coating.
The 3rd, deposition and one first conductive layer of composition on this substrate.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace of sweep trace interconnection A506.The metal of enumerating more than any, perhaps the conductive oxide such as tin indium oxide can have enough low resistivity to this application.The part of sweep trace in each pixel interconnection A506 is arranged as the grid that forms a transistor A510.
The 4th, with mode another metal intermetallic dielectric layer of deposition on the top of this ground floor conductive interconnection of that part that comprises the grid that forms transistor A510 of coating.The intermetallic dielectric that is enough to be used in this purpose comprises SiO2, Si3O4 and Al2O3, and thickness is in the scope of 30nm to 1000nm.
The five, one amorphous silicon layer is deposited on the top of this intermetallic dielectric, patterned then source electrode, drain electrode and the channel region to form a thin film transistor active layer.Alternatively, this semiconductor material can be a polysilicon.
The 6th, deposition and one second conductive layer of composition on the top of this amorphous silicon.This conductive layer can be patterned into the conductive trace of data interconnect A508.Identical metal and/or the conductive oxide enumerated more than can using.The different piece of this second conductive layer can also be used to form the source electrode that is connected to transistor A510 and the contact element of drain region.
Capacitor arrangement such as capacitor A512 may be constructed such the pole plate that forms in this first and second conductive layer that has dielectric material between two parties.
The 7th, passivation dielectric of deposition on the top of this second conductive layer.
The 8th, one of deposition is sacrificed mechanical layer on the top of this passivation layer.Offer through hole and make it enter into this sacrifice layer and this passivation layer, make follow-up MEMS shutter layer to electrically contact with following conductive layer and mechanical connection.
The 9th, deposition and MEMS shutter layer of composition on the top of this sacrifice layer.This MEMS shutter layer is patterned to has shutter A502 and actuator A503, and anchors on the substrate A504 by the patterned through hole that advances in this sacrifice layer.The pattern of shutter A502 is aimed at the pattern that has been formed on hole, the aperture A554 among the first aperture layer A550.This MEMS shutter layer can be made of the metal of a deposition such as Au, Cr or Ni, perhaps is made of a kind of semiconductor of deposition such as polysilicon or amorphous silicon, and thickness is in the scope of 300 nanometers to 10 micron.Alternatively, this shutter can be one and is included in two other layer compound shutters of a layer constituting of a kind of metal between two amorphous silicon layers for example.
The tenth, remove this sacrifice layer and make the parts of this MEMS shutter layer can respond the voltage that is applied on the actuator A503 freely to move.
The 11, the sidewall of actuator A503 electrode coated with a kind of dielectric material with short circuit between the electrode that prevents to have opposite voltage.
To above method many variants can be arranged.For example, the reflection aperture layer A550 of step 1 can be incorporated in this first conductive layer.The gap is patterned to be advanced in this conductive layer stipulating the conductive trace in this layer, and most of pixel region still covers with a kind of reflective metals.In another embodiment, the source electrode of transistor A510 and drain terminal can be placed on this first conductive layer, and gate terminal is formed in this second conductive layer.In another embodiment, this semiconductor amorphous silicon or polysilicon are directly placed each below of this first and second conductive layer.In this embodiment, through hole can be patterned advances in this intermetallic dielectric, makes to form the Metal Contact part that is connected to following semiconductor layer.And, can utilize a plurality of different gating matrix work that comprises active and/or passive matrix at the device of this explanation.
Illustrated as reference Figure 24 B, the actuator that is included in this shutter assembly can be designed to mechanical bistable.Alternatively, this actuator can be designed to have only a settling position.In other words, do not applying under the situation about being used as power of certain form, such actuator is returned a preposition, or opens, or closes.In such realization, this shutter assembly comprises a single moving electrode of doing, and this makes moving electrode when energising, causes that this actuator releases or pull out its settling position to this shutter.MEMS display controller A70 can drive each shutter severally, group by group or at large.So, in one embodiment, MEMS display controller A70 comprises the programmed logic that an isochronous controller is provided, and this isochronous controller produces a synchronizing pulse so that all shutters in the display or at least one group of shutter are moved to a condition of choosing or state.A timer of realizing in FPGA can be set fixed time interval, is used to drive this synchronizing pulse, and is used to drive other fixed cycle operators, for example, but be not limited to, be used for the time frame of field-sequential colorful operation, this can produce the signal that is used to drive lamp and shutter.In addition, this FPGA timer can the monitor user ' input media, to have passed through a preset time behind the input media at interval for example 30 seconds the time starting from the user, changes show state, changes to a kind of lower power state typically.
Display board
Figure 25 A is a cross-sectional view based on the embodiment of the light modulation panel A600 of shutter of the portable handset that is applicable to that this paper illustrates.Display board A600 comprises that one places the optics cavity under the optical modulation layer A618, light source A612, an optical modulation layer A618 and a cover plate A602.This optics cavity comprises the reflecting surface towards the rear, a photoconduction A628, the rear reflective surface A614 of a face forward, a scatterer A624 and the brightness enhancement film A622 in optical modulator array A618.
Space between optical modulator array A618 and cover plate A602 is filled with a kind of lubricant A632.Cover plate A602 is with a kind of epoxy resin A625, and for example by Epoxy Technology, the EPO-TEK B9021-1 that Inc. (epoxy technologies company) sells is admittedly be attached on the shutter assembly.This epoxy resin also plays a part to seal in lubricant A624.
A sheet metal or molded plastic assembly support A626 keep together cover plate A602, optical modulation layer A618 and this optics cavity around the edge.Assembly support A626 is with the fastening rigidity with the device that increases this combination of screw or wedge joint sheet (indent tab).In some implementations, form light source A612 in place by a kind of epoxy perfusion compound.
Display board A600 can settle in the housing, and typically one or more plate supporting member in this housing is settled this plastic assembly support.In one embodiment, this plate supporting member can be a molded plastics sidewall that is processed to required size with the periphery edge of supporting display board A600.Flexible packing ring can place on this molded sidewall so that shock protection to be provided, and this plate can bond on this packing ring.
Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view based on the spatial light modulator A700 of shutter according to an exemplary of the present invention.Spatial light modulator A700 based on shutter comprises an optical modulator array A702, an optics cavity A704 and a light source A706.In addition, this spatial light modulator comprises a cover plate A708.
Cover plate A708 plays several effects, comprises that protection optical modulator array A702 avoids machinery and environmental damage.Cover plate A708 is a kind of thin transparent plastic, such as polycarbonate, perhaps glass sheet.This cover plate can apply and composition with light absorbing material, and this light absorbing material is also referred to as black matrix A710.Should black matrix can on this cover plate, be deposited as a kind of thick film acrylic resin or vinylite that contains the light absorption colorant.Alternatively, can provide an independent layer.
Black matrix A710 absorbs all incident surround lighting A712 basically, this surround lighting is the light that comes from outside the spatial light modulator A700, near the beholder, but fully near except among the transmitance region A716 transmitance region A714 that arrange, patterned that is formed among the optics cavity A704.Therefore black matrix A710 improves the contrast of an image that is formed by spatial light modulator A700.Black matrix A710 can also play the light that absorption is overflowed from optics cavity A704, and the light of this effusion may send with a kind of mode or continuous mode of time of leakage.
In an implementation, on cover plate A708, deposit the chromatic filter of acrylic resin for example or vinylite form.This light filter can deposit with the similar mode of mode that is used to form black matrix A710 with a kind of, however different be that this light filter is patterned at the top of opening aperture light transmission area A176 of this optics cavity A704.This resin can alternately mix red, green, blue colorant or other colorants.
Interval between optical modulator array A702 and the cover plate A708 is less than 100 microns, and may diminish to 10 microns or below.Except that in some cases in predetermined point, optical modulator array A702 does not preferably contact with cover plate A708, because the work that this may stray light modulation array A702.This can keep by means of high 2 to the 20 microns spacing part or the post that limit with planography way at interval, this spacing part or post place between each suitable modulator of light modulator arrays A702, and perhaps this sheet metal spacing part that can insert by the edge around the device of this combination at interval keeps.
Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view based on the spatial light modulator A800 of shutter according to an exemplary of the present invention.Spatial light modulator A800 based on shutter comprises an optics cavity A802, a light source A804 and an optical modulation layer A806.In addition, should comprise a cover plate A807 based on the spatial light modulator A804 of shutter, for example the cover plate A708 that illustrates with reference to Figure 26.
In the spatial light modulator A800 based on shutter, optics cavity A802 comprises the part towards the rear of a photoconduction A808 and optical modulator array A806.Optical modulator array A806 is formed on its oneself the substrate A810.Photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 both respectively have front side and rear side.Optical modulator array A806 is formed on the front side of substrate A810.Rear reflective surface A812 one second metal level form, face forward is deposited on the rear side of photoconduction A808 to form second reflecting surface of optics cavity A802.Alternatively, optics cavity A802 comprises the 3rd surface that is positioned at photoconduction A808 back and faces the rear side of this photoconduction basically.In such some implementations, the rear reflective surface A812 of face forward is deposited on the 3rd surface in the face of the place ahead of spatial light modulator A800, rather than directly is deposited on the rear side of photoconduction A808.Photoconduction A808 comprises a plurality of with the light-scattering component A809 towards rear side on of a kind of predetermined pattern distribution at photoconduction A808, to produce light distributing more uniformly in whole this optics cavity.
In an implementation, keep photoconduction A808 closely to contact mutually with substrate A810.They preferably form with having similar refractive index materials, thereby avoid reflecting at the interface at it.In another implementation, little separate or spacing device keeps photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 to separate a predetermined distance, thereby photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 mutually from light decoupling each other.This photoconduction A808 and substrate A810 be spaced apart to cause an air gap A813 who is formed between photoconduction A808 and the substrate A810.This air gap promotes the lip-deep total internal reflection in its face forward in photoconduction A808 inside, thereby causes that at one of light-scattering component A809 light A814 was promoted the distribution of light A814 in this photoconduction inside before the guiding of light modulator arrays A806 shutter assembly.Alternatively, the gap between photoconduction A808 and the substrate A810 can be with a kind of vacuum, one or more gas of choosing or liquid filling.
Figure 28 illustrates one embodiment of the invention, and wherein this portable handset comprises a media player, and this media player has one and is positioned at this media player and can be to the display of user's present graphical information and text message.More specifically, the embodiment of Figure 28 illustrates a MP3 player that is generally used for listening the type that is stored in the music in the Digital Media.In the embodiment illustrated, this housing is suitable for being placed in user's the hand or is clipped on user's the clothes so that can carry this device without hand.This user interface comprises the button on a plurality of outsides that are positioned at this housing and this display board.MP3 player shown in Figure 28 can comprise one with the similar display controller of the display controller shown in Figure 23.This display controller can have the mode of operation that can reduce the power draw amount that is used for display image on this display, thus the serviceable life of power supply on the prolongation machine.
Figure 29 illustrates the another kind of the system and method for this paper explanation and uses.Particularly, Figure 29 illustrates a smart phone portable handset A1000, and this smart phone portable handset has a housing A1008, a display board A1002 and a user interface that is depicted as keyboard A1004.Smart phone portable handset A1000 comprises a MEMS display board that can be more or less the same with the MEMS display board of preamble explanation and the MEMS display controller that can be more or less the same with the controller above with reference to the explanation of the device A10 shown in Figure 20.Alternatively, this MEMS display controller of system A1000 can comprise an optional power retained-mode, and wherein the power controller A153 of MEMS display controller A150 determines that power supply is just operating in low-level or has been reduced to one below the predetermined threshold value.Under a kind of like this mode of operation that can be selected alternatively by the user, MEMS display controller A150 thinks that with a kind of low-power mode work the major function of intelligent telephone equipment A1000 is preserved electric power, and this major function is cellular communication typically.For this purpose, MEMS display controller A150 can be shown as monochromatic static spacing wave (static still signal), the static spacing wave of black and white typically to picture signal on display A1002.In this way, this display controller will withdraw from the field-sequential colorful operation, and use white LEDs A157d illuminated displays A1002.Power controller A153 can regulate the amplitude that drives white LEDs A157b, selects one of a kind of usefulness be enough to throw light on constant dc voltage of this display to drive the low-power working mode of white LEDs A157d.Commercially available white LEDs device is worked in the scope of 10 to 30 milliwatts, and the minimum extracted amount from power supply A76 is provided.
Shown smart phone can also have a touch-screen as the preamble explanation.This touch-screen is to be placed on the MEMS display board or the commercially available touch-screen at least a portion of this display board.In this embodiment, the cover plate of this MEMS display board can have the selected thickness that must prevent the inside deflection of this display board downwards when the user pushes with a finger or stylus.This thickness can be according to material and difference, and can be in the scope of 2mm to 500mm.In addition, a supporting member, such as post A640 can place between movable shutter and this cover plate to keep this cover plate and this shutter spaced apart.Optionally fluid lubricant also provides a kind of hydraulic support, and this hydraulic support reduces the inside deflection of this cover plate towards this movable shutter.This MEMS display board can be avoided this to touch the ripple effect that quick lcd screen suffers and better resolution is provided in the data input process.
Forward Figure 30 now to, another optional embodiment of the present invention shown in the figure.Particularly, an e-book is shown uses, be in a position of closing at this electronic book device shown in Figure 30 A, and be in a position of opening at this electronic book device shown in Figure 30 B.An electronic book device is understood that usually and can shows a kind of electronic display unit of the text to a user on a display by reading a kind of digital media device of storing text that the text can be novel, newspaper or other information.In the embodiment shown in Figure 30 A and the 30B, e-book A1100 comprises a housing A1102, and this housing has a hinge A1106 so that half of this housing can this housing the second half on close.As among Figure 30 B shown in further, e-book A1100 can have one first plate A1104 and one second plate A1108.A keyboard A1110 can provide a series of user input apparatus, and the user can use this input media to handle which image and appear on screen A1104 or the A1108.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 30 A and Figure 30 B, this e-book portable handset can have a MEMS display board that is more or less the same with MEMS display board discussed above, and can have one with the MEMS display controller that is more or less the same equally at the MEMS of above explanation display controller.E-book A1100 is typically with a kind of monochromatic mode work, and under this monochromatic mode, this MEMS display controller uses a white LEDs to drive the static black white image of text message.In certain embodiments, coloured image, such as the front cover of a book or an image in this book, can be used as the part that is stored in the content in this Digital Media is shown to the user, and in these cases, this MEMS display controller can use the field-sequential colorful generation technique, and for example those field-sequential colorful generation techniques discussed above produce a coloured image on any in display board A1104 and A1108.This MEMS display controller can have a kind of monochromatic mode of operation, is used to produce the static rest image of user by using user's interface device A1110 to browse.This MEMS display controller can have a kind of monochromatic mode of operation by controller A156 operation, and it generates image for showing in frame buffer.This MEMS display controller can be arranged to the shutter of this MEMS device to be suitable for to describe the configuration of the text message that will show to the user.Alternatively, this mode of operation can adopt black and white to set, perhaps adopt the monochrome of certain other use low-power LED such as white LEDs to set, this white LEDs is driven by a steady state voltage, perhaps by one with a light source driving that is enough to manifest the low relatively frequency switching of figure still image.
Figure 31 A and 31B illustrate another embodiment of the illustrated portable handset of this paper.Particularly, Figure 31 A illustrates a wrist-watch A1200, and this wrist-watch has a watchband A1202, and the main body of this watchband handle Table A 1200 is attached on user's the arm.Wrist-watch A1200 comprises a housing A1204, and this housing comprises a display board A1208.This display board is a MEMS display board that can be more or less the same with the illustrated MEMS display board of preamble.This MEMS display board is in the scope of a Wristwatch case, and this Wristwatch case has a kind of being suitable for this wrist-watch is worn shape factor on user's wrist.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 31 A, MEMS display board A1208 can comprise the display part of a segmentation, for example the display part of previously discussed segmentation.Particularly, display board A1208 can be constituted or comprised that this display board, this display board have a display board with part of a segmentation by a display board, and the part of this segmentation is for example in the part of the segmentation shown in Figure 31 B.Figure 31 B illustrates an a kind of example of display of segmentation, and the display of this segmentation comprises seven sections that are arranged to one 8 word shape.But each in these sections can comprise the shutter assembly that those shutter assemblies of the shutter of the transverse movement that comprising of a plurality of and preamble explanation can light modulated are more or less the same.In these sections each all has one group of shutter assembly, and this group shutter assembly links together with lead, and therefore respond packet is contained in the order that the MEMS display controller in the wrist-watch A1200 sends together.Shown section can be formed on the glass substrate, and this glass substrate is arranged in the top of a light source alternatively.Yet in the embodiment shown in Figure 31 B, this light source can be a front light-source, perhaps alternatively, this display can be can reflect be used to reflect demonstration, but shutter that should transverse movement can reflect, perhaps can above a reflecting surface, slide.No matter be which kind of mode, this laterally fast goalkeeper's light modulated makes the state that the correspondent section in this seven-segment display can suitably be located at out or the state of pass.As previously discussed, these sections can be monochromatic or can be colored, so this MEMS section display controller can use field-sequential colorful control, perhaps chromatic filter can be used for this display, also as discussed above like that.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 31 B, the display of this segmentation is shown as an independently display.Yet in an alternative alternate embodiment of the present invention, the display of the segmentation of Figure 31 B can be by one of display of a plurality of segmentations of straight line, thereby can show date on the display of these a plurality of segmentations, time or other information.In addition, but the display of this segmentation can be formed on the substrate of matrix of a shutter that also comprises a transverse movement, thereby the display of the display part of the display part of a not only integrated segmentation on it but also an integrated pixelation is provided.For example, in this wrist-watch was used, wrist-watch A1200 can have the top for the display of pixelation, and the display of this pixelation allows to represent an image, for example dial plate, compass or other images.The display of the display that this segmentation can be arranged below the matrix of this pixelation---this segmentation can be used to represent reading of time, date, stopwatch function, can also be useful on the display part of the segmentation that represents icon, whether described icon for example is provided with warnings, time is the morning or afternoon and indication date---such as represent Wednesday with WE.
For this purpose, this MEMS display controller can comprise a kind of section display driver that can drive the display of a segmentation under the programmed control of this controller.
Figure 32 illustrates a media player with display board that a MEMS display board with preamble explanation is more or less the same.Figure 33 illustrates a GNSS receiver with also similar to the display board of a preamble discussion display board.Figure 34 illustrates a kneetop computer with a display board that also is more or less the same with the display board of preamble discussion.This kneetop computer can adopt the MEMS display controller to have in response to by the environment light condition of an illumination level detectors measure and in response to user's control and power level and preserve the power mode of power.For example, the illustrated system and method for this paper can detect available power or user input, preserving power, and mode of operation is changed into a kind of monochromatic mode, perhaps select one one group of limited color and the bit depth of saving power are provided, for example 4 colors.
The present invention can not depart from essence of the present invention or essential characteristic with other specific forms embodiments.For example, Figure 35 and Figure 36 illustrate alternative alternate embodiment of MEMS display board.
Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view that comprises the display module A1600 of shutter assembly A1602.Shutter assembly A1602 is arranged on the glass substrate A1604.Reflectance coating A1606 who is arranged on the substrate A1604 limits the surface apertures A1608 of the off-position below of a plurality of shutter A1610 that are positioned at shutter assembly A1602.Reflectance coating A1606 returns the rear reflection of the light that does not pass surface apertures A1608 to display module A1600.An optional scatterer A1612 and an optional brightness enhancement film A1614 can open this substrate A1604 and an A1616 branch backlight.A1616 backlight is thrown light on by one or more light source A1618.Light source 1618 can be still to be not limited to, for example incandescent lamp, fluorescent light, laser or light emitting diode.A reflectance coating A1620 is arranged in A1616 backlight back, to shutter assembly A1602 reflected light.To return from this light that does not pass one of this shutter assembly A1602 that sends backlight that this is backlight and reflect from film A1620 again.In this way, for the first time by the time light of failing to make display form an image can be recovered and make this light to can be used for other aperture transmissions of opening in this array of shutter assembly A1602.The fact shows that such light reclaims the illumination efficiency that has improved display.A cover plate A1622 forms the front of display module A1600.The rear side of cover plate A1622 can be coated with a kind of black matrix A1624 to improve contrast.Cover plate A1622 is supported to such an extent that separate a predetermined distance with shutter assembly A1602, forms a slit A1626.This slit A1626 is kept by mechanical bearings and/or a kind of epoxy sealing spare A1628 that cover plate A1622 is attached on the substrate A1604 admittedly.Epoxy resin A1628 should have and is preferably lower than about 200 ℃ solidification temperature, and should have and be preferably lower than the thermal expansivity of every degree centigrade of 50ppm approximately, and should be moisture-proof.The example of epoxy resin A1628 is by Epoxy Technology, the EPO-TEK B9016-1 that Inc. sells.
Epoxy sealing spare A1628 is sealed among a kind of working fluid A1630.Working fluid A1630 is designed to have the viscosity that is preferably lower than about 10 centipoises and has and preferably is higher than about 2.0 relative dielectric constant and is higher than about 10
4The dielectric breakdown strength of V/cm.Working fluid A1630 also plays a kind of lubricant.Its mechanical property and electrical specification are also effective to the needed voltage of motion shutter between the position that is reduced in opening and closing.In an implementation, working fluid A1630 preferably has a low refractive index, preferably is lower than about 1.5.In another implementation, working fluid A1630 has the refractive index that the refractive index with substrate A1604 is complementary.The working fluid A1630 that is suitable for includes, but are not limited to deionized water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, dimethyl siloxane, dimethyl silicone polymer, hexamethyldisiloxane and diethylbenzene.
A sheet metal or molded plastic assembly support A1632 keep together cover plate A1622, shutter assembly A1602, substrate 1604, A1616 backlight and other parts around the edge.Assembly support A1632 is fastening to increase the rigidity of the display module A1600 that makes up with screw or joggle sheet.In some implementations, with a kind of epoxy perfusion compound that light source A1618 is molded in place.
Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view that comprises the display module A1700 of shutter assembly A1702.Shutter assembly A1702 is arranged on the glass substrate A1704.
Display module A1700 comprises an A1766 backlight by one or more light source A1718 illumination.Light source A1718 can be still to be not limited to, for example incandescent lamp, fluorescent light, laser or light emitting diode.A reflectance coating A1720 is arranged in A1716 backlight back, to shutter assembly A1702 reflected light.
The orientation of substrate A1704 is such, makes that promptly shutter assembly A1702 is backlight towards this.
Being inserted in has an optional scatterer A1712 and an optional brightness enhancement film A1714 between A1716 backlight and the shutter assembly A1702.Be inserted in the aperture plate A1722 that also has between A1716 backlight and the shutter assembly A1702.Be arranged in that aperture plate A1722 goes up and be a reflectance coating A1724 in the face of this shutter assembly.This reflectance coating A1724 limits the surface apertures A1708 of the off-position below of a plurality of shutter A1710 that are positioned at shutter assembly A1702.Aperture plate A1722 is supported to such an extent that separate a predetermined distance with shutter assembly A1702, forms a slit A1726.Slit A1726 is kept by mechanical bearings and/or a kind of epoxy sealing spare A1728 that aperture plate A1722 is attached on the substrate A1704 admittedly.
Reflectance coating A1724 goes back the rear reflection of the light that does not pass surface apertures A1708 to display module A1700.To return from this light that does not pass one of this shutter assembly A1702 that sends backlight that this is backlight and reflect from film A1720 again.In this way, for the first time by the time light of failing to make display form an image can be recovered and make this light to can be used for other aperture transmissions of opening in this array of shutter assembly A1702.The fact shows that such light reclaims the illumination efficiency that has improved display.
Substrate A1704 forms the front of display module A1700.An absorbing film A1706 who is arranged on the substrate A1704 limits a plurality of surface apertures A1730 between shutter assembly A1702 and substrate A1704.Film 1706 is designed to absorbing environmental light and therefore improves the contrast of display.
Epoxy resin A1728 should have and is preferably lower than about 200 ℃ solidification temperature, and should have and be preferably lower than the thermal expansivity of every degree centigrade of 50ppm approximately, and should be moisture-proof.The example of epoxy resin A1728 is by Epoxy Technology, the EPO-TEK B9022-1 that Inc. sells.
Epoxy sealing spare A1728 is sealed among a kind of working fluid A1732.Working fluid A1732 is designed to have the viscosity that is preferably lower than about 10 centipoises and has and preferably is higher than about 2.0 relative dielectric constant and is higher than about 10
4The dielectric breakdown strength of V/cm.Working fluid A1732 can also play a kind of lubricant.Its mechanical property and electrical specification are also effective to the needed voltage of motion shutter between the position that is reduced in opening and closing.In one implementation, working fluid A1732 preferably has a low refractive index, preferably is lower than about 1.5.In another was realized, working fluid A1732 had the refractive index that the refractive index with substrate A1704 is complementary.The working fluid A1730 that is suitable for includes, but are not limited to deionized water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, dimethyl siloxane, dimethyl silicone polymer, hexamethyldisiloxane and diethylbenzene.
A sheet metal or molded plastic assembly support A1734 keep together aperture plate A1722, shutter assembly A1702, substrate 1704, A1716 backlight and other parts around the edge.Assembly support A1732 is fastening to increase the rigidity of the display module A1700 that makes up with screw or joggle sheet.In some implementations, with a kind of epoxy perfusion compound that light source A1718 is molded in place.
Therefore, these embodiments above all should be considered to illustrate of the present invention in all respects, rather than limit of the present invention.The present invention can not depart from essence of the present invention or essential characteristic by other specific forms embodiments.Therefore, embodiment above all should be considered to illustrate of the present invention in all respects, rather than limits of the present invention.
Claims (148)
1. display device comprises:
A pel array comprises
A substrate, this substrate have a plurality of apertures and
Corresponding to a plurality of shutters in these a plurality of apertures,
Wherein a pixel in the matrix of this pixel comprises the shutter corresponding with it at least one aperture in these a plurality of apertures and these a plurality of shutters; And
A gating matrix that is connected to this substrate, for this pixel, this gating matrix comprises that a switch, a shutter open electrode and a shutter close electrode, be used for optionally transverse to the corresponding shutter of this substrate motion, with the light of this pixel of modulation directive to form an image.
2. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this switch comprises a transistor.
3. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this switch comprises a diode.
4. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this switch comprises a rheostat.
5. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this switch is arranged to and adjusts one and be applied to this shutter and open current potential on the electrode.
6. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this switch is arranged to and adjusts a current potential that is applied on this shutter close electrode.
7. display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, for this pixel, this gating matrix comprises a second switch, this second switch is configured to be used to adjust a current potential that is applied on this shutter close electrode.
8. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, for this pixel, this gating matrix comprises that a shutter opens interconnection, the interconnection of shutter close, one and write energize interconnection and a start voltage interconnection.
9. display device as claimed in claim 8, wherein this is write energizing interconnection and is used to receive one and writes the voltage of energizing.
10. display device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, this pixel comprises that one is opened first capacitor of interconnection corresponding to this shutter and corresponding to second capacitor of this shutter close interconnection.
11. display device as claimed in claim 8, wherein this pixel comprises that one is opened first resistor of interconnection corresponding to this shutter and corresponding to second resistor of this shutter close interconnection.
12. display device as claimed in claim 10, wherein this switch is electrically connected to this shutter and opens interconnection, first capacitor and this start pressure-wire, and for this pixel, this gating matrix comprises a second switch, this second switch and the interconnection of this shutter close, this second capacitor and this start voltage interconnection electric coupling.
13. display device as claimed in claim 12 wherein applies a voltage in response to open interconnection by this shutter to this switch, this switch promotes this first capacitor discharge, thus the shutter of start correspondence.
14. display device as claimed in claim 12, wherein in response to applying a voltage by this shutter close interconnection to this second switch, this second switch promotes this second capacitor discharge, thus the shutter of start correspondence.
15. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, this gating matrix comprises an overall start circuit, is used for starting a plurality of start of while basically of these a plurality of shutters.
16. display device as claimed in claim 12 wherein applies a voltage in response to open interconnection by this shutter to this switch, this switch promotes this first capacitor charging, thus the shutter of start correspondence.
17. display device as claimed in claim 12, wherein in response to applying a voltage by this shutter close interconnection to this second switch, this second switch promotes this second capacitor charging, thus the shutter of start correspondence.
18. display device as claimed in claim 8, comprise that a start voltage source that is electrically connected to the interconnection of this start voltage and one are electrically connected to this shutter and open interconnection and the interconnection of this shutter close data voltage source one of at least, wherein amplitude of this start voltage source output is higher than the voltage of amplitude of the voltage of this data voltage source output.
19. display device as claimed in claim 18, wherein amplitude of this start voltage source output be the voltage exported of this data voltage source amplitude at least about 5 times voltage.
20. display device as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
A plurality of pixels in this pel array are arranged to a sweep trace, and the pixel in this sweep trace is shared public writing interconnection of energizing.
21. display device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pixel in this pel array is arranged to pixel column, and the shared public shutter of the pixel in the specific row in this pixel column is opened in interconnection and the shutter close interconnection at least one.
22. display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this pixel comprises a memory element, is used to store a shutter movement instruction.
23. display device as claimed in claim 22, wherein this memory element comprises a capacitor.
24. display device as claimed in claim 22, wherein this memory element comprises one of a SRAM circuit and a DRAM circuit.
25. display device as claimed in claim 22 is wherein write energizing interconnection to this and is applied one and write the voltage of energizing and make this memory element be ready to store this shutter movement instruction.
26. display device as claimed in claim 25, wherein this matrix comprises an overall start interconnection, and this overall situation start interconnection is used for being enabled in almost simultaneously the execution of the shutter movement instruction stored in the memory element of a plurality of pixels of this pel array.
27. a display device comprises:
A pel array, this pel array comprises
A substrate, this substrate have a plurality of apertures and
A plurality of each corresponding to corresponding one shutter in these a plurality of apertures, one of them shutter has at least one and basically the range of movement of this shutter is restricted to a mechanical bearings with the parallel plane plane of movement that is limited by this substrate,
Wherein, a pixel in this pel array comprises its corresponding shutter at least one aperture in these a plurality of apertures and these a plurality of shutters; With
A gating matrix, this gating matrix is connected to this substrate, and the light that is used to modulate this substrate of directive to be to form an image, and wherein, for this pixel, this gating matrix comprises,
A shutter is opened electrode,
Shutter close electrode and
A switch, this switch is used for optionally controlling to be opened electrode and this shutter close electrode one to this shutter and applies a voltage producing an electric field between this that opens corresponding to the shutter of this pixel and this shutter in electrode and this shutter close electrode, thereby drives this corresponding shutter basically statically transverse to this substrate in this plane of movement.
28. on a display, form the method for an image, comprising:
Select a sweep trace of this display, wherein this sweep trace comprises a plurality of pixels;
For in these a plurality of pixels in the selected sweep trace at least one, optionally adjust a shutter and open a voltage in actuator and the shutter close actuator one, thus make this shutter open in actuator and this shutter close actuator one can one be defined in an aperture in the substrate near laterally the move shutter of a correspondence;
To these a plurality of pixel guide lights to form an image.
29. method as claimed in claim 28 is wherein adjusted this voltage and is comprised a capacitor charging.
30. method as claimed in claim 28 is wherein adjusted this voltage and is comprised and make the discharge of capacitor.
31. method as claimed in claim 28, wherein adjusting this voltage comprises to a switch and applies first current potential with first amplitude, apply second current potential that has significantly by a relatively large margin to adjust of opening in actuator and this shutter close actuator to this shutter, wherein big this shutter of start that must be enough to of the amplitude of this second current potential is opened in actuator and this shutter close actuator this.
32. method as claimed in claim 28 is wherein adjusted this voltage and is included in one corresponding to shutter movement instruction of storage on the memory element of this pixel.
33. method as claimed in claim 32, wherein, this memory element comprises a capacitor.
34. method as claimed in claim 32, wherein, this memory element comprises one of a SRAM circuit and a DRAM circuit.
35. method as claimed in claim 28 wherein makes this shutter open this this corresponding shutter that can move in actuator and this shutter close actuator and comprises that this shutter of excitation opens this in actuator and this shutter close actuator.
36. method as claimed in claim 28, this this corresponding shutter that can move that this shutter is opened in actuator and this shutter close actuator comprises that reducing this a needed additional minimum voltage that encourages this shutter to open in actuator and this shutter close actuator significantly changes.
37. method as claimed in claim 36 comprises that applying an overall start voltage to these a plurality of pixels changes with these pixels of start so that this additional minimum voltage to be provided.
38. method as claimed in claim 30 is selected selected sweep trace and the capacitor that has discharged is recharged comprising cancelling.
39. method as claimed in claim 38, comprising:
Selection is arranged to a second series pixel of one second sweep trace, and this second series pixel has corresponding shutter and opens energy storage device and shutter close energy storage device;
For in the pixel in this second sweep trace at least one, make one second shutter open in actuator and one the second shutter close actuator one can be in this substrate one second aperture near laterally move second shutter of a correspondence; With
Apply an overall start voltage, thereby side by side start the transverse movement of the shutter of this corresponding shutter and this second correspondence basically.
40. method as claimed in claim 27 wherein, select this first sweep trace to comprise between the pixel in this sweep trace to share one is write energizing interconnection and is applied one and write the voltage of energizing.
41. a display device comprises:
A pel array, this pel array comprises
A substrate, this substrate have a plurality of apertures and
Corresponding to a plurality of shutters in these a plurality of apertures, these a plurality of shutters are arranged to respect to this substrate transverse movement; With
A gating matrix that is connected to this substrate, for a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises: i) one is used to make this pixel can respond the interconnection of energizing of writing of a data voltage, ii) one is used to provide a start voltage that is enough to the voltage of this pixel of start to interconnect, iii) one is used for optionally managing first switch that the voltage that is provided by this start voltage interconnection is provided to this pixel, iv) data voltage interconnection, be used to control this first switch, apply this start voltage on the actuator that is connected to a corresponding shutter thereby be adjusted at, and make this corresponding shutter can transverse movement on this display, to form an image.
42. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein this display device comprises:
A start voltage source that is used for providing a voltage to this start voltage interconnection;
A data voltage source that is used for providing to the interconnection of this data voltage a voltage, wherein the voltage that is provided by this start voltage source is greater than the voltage that is provided by this data voltage source.
43. display device as claimed in claim 42, wherein this start voltage source provide voltage that this data voltage source of serving as reasons provides at least about 4 times voltage.
44. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein for this pixel, comprise one the second data voltage interconnection that is used to control a second switch, wherein apply a predetermined voltage this corresponding shutter can be opened, and apply a predetermined voltage to this second data voltage interconnection this shutter can be closed to the interconnection of this first data voltage.
45. display device as claimed in claim 41 is comprising at least one a elastic component that is connected in these shutters, not apply under this start voltage condition with respect to this substrate this shutter that laterally moves.
46. display device as claimed in claim 41 wherein for this pixel, comprises a memory element, is used to store an expection shutter position.
47. display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein this this shutter of storage element stores current desired location.
48. display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein this this shutter of storage element stores desired location afterwards.
49. display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein, this memory element comprises a capacitor.
50. display device as claimed in claim 49, wherein this shutter responds the discharge of this capacitor and transverse movement.
51. display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein this storage element stores is applied to the data voltage on this data interconnect.
52. display device as claimed in claim 46, wherein this memory element comprises one of a SRAM circuit and a DRAM circuit.
53. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein a plurality of pixels in this pel array are shared a public start voltage interconnection.
54. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein this pixel comprises that places the resistor between this start voltage interconnection and this first switch.
55. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein this first switch comprises a transistor.
56. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein this first switch comprises a rheostat.
57. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein this switch comprises a MIM diode.
58. display device as claimed in claim 41 wherein a plurality of pixels in this pel array is arranged to and forms a sweep trace, and wherein shared this of the pixel in this sweep trace is write the interconnection of energizing.
59. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein this makes this corresponding shutter transverse movement comprise this actuator of excitation.
60. display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein this makes this corresponding shutter transverse movement comprise that reducing the needed additional minimum voltage of this actuator of excitation significantly changes.
61. display device as claimed in claim 60, wherein this gating matrix comprises an overall start interconnection, is used for causing the minimum voltage change that should add at least to a plurality of pixels of this pel array.
62. display device as claimed in claim 41 comprises an overall start interconnection, is used to start the start of the actuator that has been enabled.
63. a display device comprises:
A pel array, this pel array comprises
A substrate, this substrate have a plurality of apertures and
A plurality of shutters corresponding to these a plurality of apertures;
Wherein, the range of movement that has basically this shutter of shutter is restricted at least one mechanical bearings that is parallel to the plane of movement on the plane that is limited by this substrate; And
One places this on-chip gating matrix, for a pixel in this pel array, this gating matrix comprises: i) one is used to make this pixel can respond the interconnection of energizing of writing of a data voltage, ii) one is used to provide a start voltage that is enough to the voltage of this pixel of start to interconnect, iii) one is used for optionally managing first switch that the voltage that is provided by this start voltage interconnection is provided to this pixel, iv) data voltage interconnection, this data voltage interconnection is used to control this first switch, thereby be adjusted on the actuator that is connected to a corresponding shutter and apply this start voltage, and make this corresponding shutter can in this plane of movement, carry out the motion of static driven basically.
64. a method that forms an image on a display comprises:
Apply one to a plurality of pixels that are arranged to a sweep trace and write the voltage of energizing;
In the pixel in this sweep trace at least one applies a start voltage;
Optionally apply a data voltage to a switch corresponding to a pixel in this sweep trace, apply this start voltage with an actuator of adjusting in this pixel, thereby control a position that is connected to corresponding to the shutter of this actuator of this switch, wherein, this start voltage is the twice at least of this data voltage, and wherein this shutter is arranged near a transverse movement substrate.
65. as the described method of claim 64, wherein this start voltage be this data voltage at least about 4 times.
66., comprising with this actuator ground connection, thereby make a flexible restoring force laterally be driven into a rest position to this shutter as the described method of claim 64.
67. as the described method of claim 64, comprising a desired location of storing this shutter at this pixel place.
68. as the described method of claim 67, the shutter position of wherein storing this expection comprises a capacitor charging.
69. as the described method of claim 67, the shutter position of wherein storing this expection comprises makes a capacitor discharge.
70. as the described method of claim 67, the shutter position of wherein storing this expection is included in this shutter position of storage among in SRAM circuit comprising in this pixel into and the DRAM circuit one.
71. as the described method of claim 67, this this shutter of storage element stores desired location afterwards wherein.
72., wherein store this desired location and comprise that storage is applied to the data voltage on this switch as the described method of claim 67.
73., apply an overall start voltage comprising a plurality of pixels in this pel array as the described method of claim 64.
74. a display device comprises:
Press the pel array that row and column is arranged for one, this pel array comprises
Substrate with a plurality of apertures and
Corresponding to a plurality of shutters in these a plurality of apertures, these a plurality of shutters are arranged to respect to this substrate transverse movement; With
One places this on-chip gating matrix, and this gating matrix comprises
A public electrical connection shared between one group of pixel, this group pixel comprise pixel at least two row in these row and the pixel at least two row in this row,
One corresponding to one data voltage interconnection in these row and
One corresponding to one switch in this pixel, thereby this switching response is controlled the start of the shutter of a correspondence in a voltage that is applied by this data voltage interconnection.
75. as the described display device of claim 74, wherein this public electrical connection is an overall start interconnection.
76. as the described display device of claim 74, comprising an overall start voltage source, this overall situation start voltage source is used for applying an overall start voltage to this public electrical connection.
77. as the described display device of claim 74, wherein this public electrical connection comprises a public power consumption, is used for accepting being stored in the electric charge in the pixel of this pel array, thereby allows the start of the shutter of these a plurality of correspondences.
78. as the described display device of claim 74, wherein these shutters are supported by bistable shutter assembly.
79. as the described display device of claim 78, wherein this shutter assembly is an electric bi-stable.
80. as the described display device of claim 78, wherein this shutter assembly is that machinery is bistable.
81., wherein apply a data voltage and reduce the needed minimum auxiliary voltage change of one of these shutters of start significantly to this data voltage interconnection as the described display device of claim 74.
82. as the described display device of claim 81, wherein this public electrical connection provides this minimum auxiliary voltage to change.
83. as the described display device of claim 74, wherein at least one pixel in this pel array comprises that a shutter that is used to open this shutter opens actuator and a shutter close actuator that is used to close this shutter.
84. as the described display device of claim 74, one of them pixel comprises a memory element, and wherein passes through this data voltage of this storage element stores corresponding to the switch control of this pixel.
85. a method that forms an image on a display comprises:
Select one first sweep trace of this display, wherein this first sweep trace comprises a plurality of pixels;
For at least one first pixel in a plurality of pixels in this selected sweep trace, optionally adjust a voltage on one first actuator, thereby make this first actuator can be with respect to first shutter that is defined in the correspondence of one first aperture motion in the substrate;
Select one second sweep trace of this display, this second sweep trace comprises more than second pixel;
For at least one second pixel in this more than second pixel in selected second sweep trace, optionally adjust a voltage on one second actuator, thereby make this second actuator can be with respect to second shutter that is defined in the correspondence of one second aperture motion in this substrate;
An overall start interconnection of sharing between at least two pixels in this first sweep trace and at least two pixels in this second sweep trace applies an overall start voltage, thus this first and second actuator that has been enabled of start; With
To this substrate-guided light to form an image.
86. as the described method of claim 85, wherein should the overall situation start interconnection a public power consumption was provided, in order to accepting to be stored in the electric charge in these pixels in this pel array, thereby allow the start of this actuator that has been enabled.
87. as the described method of claim 85, wherein these shutters are supported by bistable shutter assembly.
88. as the described method of claim 87, wherein this shutter assembly is an electric bi-stable.
89. as the described method of claim 87, wherein this shutter assembly is that machinery is bistable.
90. as the described method of claim 85, wherein the voltage on this first actuator is to adjust by applying a data voltage to a switch corresponding to this first actuator.
91., wherein be higher than the amplitude of this data voltage significantly by the amplitude of the voltage of this switch adjustment as the described method of claim 90.
92., wherein enable this first and second actuator and comprise that reducing the required additional minimum voltage that is applied on this first and second actuator of this first and second actuator of excitation significantly changes as the described method of claim 85.
93., wherein should provide this minimum auxiliary voltage to change by overall situation start voltage as the described method of claim 92.
94. as the described method of claim 85, wherein at least one pixel in this first sweep trace comprises that a shutter that is used to open this shutter opens actuator and a shutter close actuator that is used to close this shutter.
95., wherein comprise basically this first and second shutter that in a plane that is parallel to this substrate, laterally moves with respect to this first and second aperture this first and second shutter that moves as the described method of claim 85.
96. a display device comprises:
A shutter assembly, this shutter assembly comprise a shutter and a drive electrode, and this shutter assembly is configured to, and in response to a potential difference (PD) that produces between this shutter and this drive electrode, make this shutter be pulled to this drive electrode statically; With
A gating matrix, this gating matrix comprises
The interconnection of one first voltage, be used for to this shutter and this drive electrode one apply one first voltage and
The interconnection of one second voltage is used for applying one second voltage to another of this shutter and this drive electrode, thereby produces this potential difference (PD) between this shutter,
Wherein this first voltage has the amplitude higher than this second voltage, and this first voltage is applied to having on that hangs down electric capacity in this shutter and this drive electrode.
97. as the described display device of claim 96, wherein this second voltage is ground connection or approaches ground connection.
98. as the described display device of claim 96, wherein this second voltage changes between half in the pact of ground connection and this first voltage.
99. as the described display device of claim 96, wherein this second voltage interconnection is an overall start interconnection.
100. as the described display device of claim 96, wherein this shutter assembly comprises second drive electrode that is connected to a tertiary voltage interconnection.
101., wherein this drive electrode is applied this first voltage and causes to open this shutter and apply a tertiary voltage and close this shutter to this second drive electrode as the described display device of claim 100.
102., wherein this drive electrode is applied this first voltage and opens this shutter as the described display device of claim 96.
103., wherein apply this first voltage to this drive electrode under this second voltage condition and open this shutter not applying as the described display device of claim 96.
104., wherein apply the motion of this second voltage prevention in response to this shutter that applies this first voltage to this shutter as the described display device of claim 96.
105. as the described display device of claim 96, wherein this shutter assembly comprises that a range of movement that is used for this shutter is restricted to a mechanical bearings with the parallel plane plane of movement of guiding a light source thereon basically.
106., wherein in this plane of movement, spur this shutter basically statically as the described display device of claim 105.
107. a method that forms an image comprises:
A shutter assembly that comprises a shutter and a drive electrode is provided, and this shutter assembly is configured to, and in response to produce a potential difference (PD) between this shutter and this drive electrode, makes this shutter be pulled to this drive electrode statically; With
One in this shutter and this drive electrode applies one first voltage;
In this shutter and this drive electrode another applies one second voltage, thereby produces this potential difference (PD) between this shutter,
Wherein this first voltage has the amplitude higher than this second voltage, and this first voltage is applied to having on that hangs down electric capacity in this shutter and this drive electrode.
108. as the described method of claim 107, wherein this second voltage is ground connection or approaches ground connection.
109. as the described method of claim 107, comprising changing this second voltage between half in the pact of ground connection and this first voltage.
110. as the described method of claim 109, wherein this shutter assembly forms the part of a pixel in the pel array, and changes the overall start that this second voltage is stipulated a plurality of pixels in this pel array.
111. as the described method of claim 107, wherein this shutter assembly comprises second drive electrode that is connected to a tertiary voltage interconnection.
112. as the described method of claim 111, wherein this drive electrode is applied this first voltage and opens this shutter, and apply a tertiary voltage to this second drive electrode and close this shutter.
113., wherein this drive electrode is applied this first voltage and opens this shutter as the described display device of claim 96.
114., wherein apply this first voltage to this drive electrode under this second voltage condition and open this shutter not applying as the described display device of claim 96.
115., wherein apply the motion of this second voltage prevention in response to this shutter that applies this first voltage to this shutter as the described display device of claim 96.
116. as the described display device of claim 96, wherein this shutter assembly comprises that a range of movement that is used for this shutter is restricted to a mechanical bearings with the parallel plane plane of movement of guiding a light source thereon basically.
117., wherein in this plane of movement, spur this shutter basically statically as the described display device of claim 105.
118. a portable handset comprises:
A housing,
A display board that is in this housing and has an optical modulation layer, but this optical modulation layer has the shutter of a plurality of transverse movements, can be by corresponding shutter laterally being moved through the path light modulated of a line of light propagating, open state or an off status a corresponding pixel is arranged at one
A gating matrix that is connected to this display board, but but be used for providing control to the shutter of the corresponding transverse movement of the shutter of this transverse movement, but with the shutter of this transverse movement of moving with light modulated and
A power supply that places in this housing and be connected to this light source and this controller.
119., wherein also comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
A display controller that is connected to this gating matrix is used for this movable shutter elements of control to show an image.
120. as the described portable handset of claim 119, wherein this display controller comprises a coloured image generator, this coloured image generator can be determined an open and closed sequence of this movable shutter, and is used for driving corresponding movable shutter to show a coloured image by determined sequence.
121., wherein also comprise at least one chromatic filter that places in this display board as the described portable handset of claim 118.
122. as the described portable handset of claim 119, wherein this display controller comprises
An isochronous controller, this isochronous controller are connected to this display board and produce a synchronizing pulse at interval one group of movable shutter is moved to a selected state by preset time.
123., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
A video memory, this video memory have the storer that is used for picture signal and are connected to this controller.
124., further comprise a portable memory storage apparatus as the described portable handset of claim 118.
125., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
Transparent substrate on lower surface that is connected to this optical modulation layer and
A light source that places this transparent substrate below.
126. as the described portable handset of claim 125, wherein this light source comprises a plurality of light sources, wherein each can both produce a selected color.
127., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 126
An optical controller is used for encouraging in turn these a plurality of light sources to show a coloured image.
128., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
A light source that places in this housing and be arranged in this optical modulation layer top is used for to this movable shutter guide lights.
129., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
One is connected to this housing and can responds the user interface that user command produces input signal.
130., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
Place on the upper surface of this display board and can produce a touch-sensitive screen of the signal of the position of just pushing by a user on this display board of expression.
131. as the described portable handset of claim 118, wherein this display board also comprises a kind of fluent material that surrounds this movable shutter.
132. as the described portable handset of claim 119, wherein this display controller comprises a colour bits controller, this colour bits controller is used to control the quantity of the colour bits that are used to produce an image.
133. as the described portable handset of claim 118, wherein this display board also comprises
A transparent cover plate that places this optical modulation substrate top, and
A seal, the sealing part is arranged and is had an area supported that is used to support the periphery edge of this transparent cover plate around peripheral wall of this display board.
134. as the described portable handset of claim 133, wherein this transparent cover plate has a thickness of an inside deformation that is selected as being limited an external pressure of response and produces.
135., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
A supporting member, this supporting member place between this optical modulation substrate and the cover plate, and are arranged near this cover plate and support this cover plate.
136. as the described portable handset of claim 118, wherein this optical modulation layer comprises the aperture that corresponding movable shutter a plurality of and in this movable shutter is associated, and comprises
A reflection horizon, this reflection horizon place this optical modulation layer below and have a reflecting surface in the face of this optical modulation layer.
137. as the described portable handset of claim 136, wherein this reflection horizon comprises a transmittance media that places this reflecting surface top, forms a light reflection cavity thus below this optical modulation layer.
138. as the described portable handset of claim 118, wherein
This gating matrix comprises an active matrix, and this active matrix has a plurality of each control circuit that are associated with a corresponding movable shutter.
139., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
A power controller, this power controller are connected to this power supply and have a plurality of mode of operations and be used for optionally adjusting the power that extracts from this power supply.
140. as the described portable handset of claim 139,
Wherein this power controller is connected to a light source and comprises a timer, and this timer is used for changing the amplitude that drives this light source after through a selected time period.
141. as the described portable handset of claim 139, wherein
This power controller is connected to a light source with span of control limit of control with switch in the selection of time of this light source at least one.
142., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 139
A light source, this light source have a plurality of light sources that are used to produce the light of different colours, and
The selection of time of at least one in these these light sources of power controller control switching is to produce the color of extracting less power from this power supply.
143. as the described portable handset of claim 139, wherein
Light source of this power controller control produces monochromatic light with the light source with a non-switching.
144., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 139
An intensity detector, this intensity detector is connected to this power controller, is used to measure the light of this outside and is used at least in part optionally adjusting the power that extracts from this power supply according to this measurement.
145. as the described portable handset of claim 118, comprising a device that is selected from the group that constitutes by game console, mobile phone, audio player, video player, wrist-watch, e-book, digital camera, televisor, GNSS receiver and kneetop computer.
146., further comprise as the described portable handset of claim 118
A movable contact element, this movable contact element is formed on this optical modulation layer and is connected to this gating matrix, and is arranged for to a corresponding movable shutter motion, thereby is reduced to the motion voltage that this shutter applied.
147. a portable handset comprises:
A housing,
A display board that is in this housing and has transparent substrate, this display board has an optical modulation layer, this optical modulation layer is formed on this transparent substrate and is bonded on this transparent substrate, and have a plurality of movable elements, these a plurality of movable elements are arranged to modulate the light that passes this hyaline layer
A control circuit, this control circuit are connected to this movable element, and the motion that is used to control this element is with light modulated,
One place be positioned in this housing this transparent substrate below with guide lights pass this hyaline layer light source and
A power supply that places in this housing and be connected to this light source and active matrix.
148. a portable handset comprises:
A housing,
An active matrix panel that is in this housing and has an optical modulation substrate, this optical modulation substrate is formed on this transparent substrate and is bonded on this transparent substrate, and have a plurality of movable elements that are arranged for light modulated, and have a plurality of control circuits, these a plurality of control circuits each with this movable element in corresponding one be associated, be used to control the motion of this element with light modulated
One place in this housing light source and
A power supply that places in this housing and be connected to this light source and this active matrix.
Applications Claiming Priority (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US65582705P | 2005-02-23 | 2005-02-23 | |
| US60/655,827 | 2005-02-23 | ||
| US67605305P | 2005-04-29 | 2005-04-29 | |
| US60/676,053 | 2005-04-29 | ||
| US11/326,900 | 2006-01-06 | ||
| US11/326,784 | 2006-01-06 | ||
| US11/326,696 US9158106B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-01-06 | Display methods and apparatus |
| US11/326,784 US7742016B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-01-06 | Display methods and apparatus |
| US11/326,900 US8159428B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-01-06 | Display methods and apparatus |
| US11/326,962 | 2006-01-06 | ||
| US11/326,696 | 2006-01-06 | ||
| US11/326,962 US7755582B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-01-06 | Display methods and apparatus |
| PCT/US2006/006448 WO2006091738A1 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
Related Child Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009102036295A Division CN101576656B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
| CN 201010505446 Division CN102004310B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
| CN200810085750.8A Division CN101256279B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display method and apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101128765A true CN101128765A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| CN101128765B CN101128765B (en) | 2010-12-01 |
Family
ID=39096060
Family Applications (6)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200680005842XA Expired - Fee Related CN101151207B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display device and method of image formation |
| CN2006800058222A Expired - Fee Related CN101151206B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Methods and apparatus for actuating displays |
| CN2006800058237A Expired - Fee Related CN101128766B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
| CN2009102036295A Expired - Fee Related CN101576656B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
| CN200810085750.8A Expired - Fee Related CN101256279B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display method and apparatus |
| CN2006800058082A Expired - Fee Related CN101128765B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
Family Applications Before (5)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200680005842XA Expired - Fee Related CN101151207B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display device and method of image formation |
| CN2006800058222A Expired - Fee Related CN101151206B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Methods and apparatus for actuating displays |
| CN2006800058237A Expired - Fee Related CN101128766B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
| CN2009102036295A Expired - Fee Related CN101576656B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display methods and apparatus |
| CN200810085750.8A Expired - Fee Related CN101256279B (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-02-23 | Display method and apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (6) | CN101151207B (en) |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101467089B (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2012-05-16 | 迈克罗拉布诊断有限公司 | Imaging apparatus with a plurality of shutter elements |
| CN102798974A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-11-28 | 株式会社日本显示器东 | Display device and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN102809817A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-05 | 株式会社日本显示器东 | Display device |
| CN102947874A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2013-02-27 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Reflective and transflective operation modes for display device |
| CN103000141A (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2013-03-27 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
| CN103380394A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-10-30 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Systems and methods for MEMS light modulator arrays with reduced acoustic emission |
| CN102203658B (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2013-12-25 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Manufacturing structure and process for compliant mechanisms |
| CN103827949A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2014-05-28 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Display device with tapered light reflecting layer and manufacturing method for same |
| TWI461781B (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2014-11-21 | Pixtronix Inc | Display device and display device |
| CN104854497A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-08-19 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Display with light modulating pixels organized in off-axis arrangement |
| CN105161022A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2015-12-16 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Displayer and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105190406A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-23 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Display device |
| CN105206229A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2015-12-30 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Image display device |
| CN109346000A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-15 | 苏州科达科技股份有限公司 | LED display control method, system and electronic equipment |
| US10503040B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2019-12-10 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device, input/output device, and semiconductor device |
| CN110998265A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-04-10 | 阿自倍尓株式会社 | Torque detector and method for manufacturing torque detector |
| CN116884341A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-10-13 | 长春希达电子技术有限公司 | Wall-mounted LED display device and method |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9158106B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2015-10-13 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display methods and apparatus |
| KR101570854B1 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2015-11-23 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Microshutter and display apparatus having the same |
| KR20110032467A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-30 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Display device |
| JP2013508786A (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2013-03-07 | ヒューレット−パッカード デベロップメント カンパニー エル．ピー． | Single-layer reflective display using luminescence |
| WO2012138577A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Pixel via and methods of forming the same |
| CN102236165B (en) | 2011-04-18 | 2013-07-31 | 上海丽恒光微电子科技有限公司 | Display device with micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) light valve and forming method thereof |
| CN102236164B (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2013-02-13 | 上海丽恒光微电子科技有限公司 | Display device based on micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) light valve and forming method thereof |
| CN102236163B (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-12-19 | 上海丽恒光微电子科技有限公司 | Micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) light valve based display device and forming method thereof |
| JP2012242795A (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2012-12-10 | Japan Display East Co Ltd | Display device |
| JP5856759B2 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2016-02-10 | ピクストロニクス，インコーポレイテッド | Display device |
| US9239457B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2016-01-19 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
| US9140900B2 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2015-09-22 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Displays having self-aligned apertures and methods of making the same |
| JP2013068757A (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2013-04-18 | Japan Display East Co Ltd | Display device |
| US9223128B2 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-12-29 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus with densely packed electromechanical systems display elements |
| US20140175909A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Systems and Methods for Supporting a Movable Element of an Electromechanical Device |
| US9030723B2 (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-05-12 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Asymmetric travel for MEMS light modulator |
| US20140327948A1 (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2014-11-06 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display elements incorporating asymmetric apertures |
| US9082340B2 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-07-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Digital light modulator configured for analog control |
| CN104345578A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-11 | 上海微电子装备有限公司 | Shutter blade of photo-etching machine |
| CN103698332A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-02 | 电子科技大学 | Array-type cultural relics preservation crack monitoring system based on MEMS (Micro-electromechanical Systems) technique |
| US9897796B2 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2018-02-20 | Snaptrack, Inc. | Encapsulated spacers for electromechanical systems display apparatus |
| CN106994689B (en) * | 2016-01-23 | 2020-07-28 | 鸿富锦精密工业(武汉)有限公司 | Intelligent robot system and method based on electroencephalogram signal control |
| KR102443267B1 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2022-09-14 | 쏘흐본느 유니베흐시테 | Apparatus and related methods for illuminating objects with controlled light intensity |
| CN109844609B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2021-11-19 | 索尼半导体解决方案公司 | Semiconductor device, display device, and electronic apparatus |
| CN107193772B (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2023-12-01 | 凡方数码技术有限公司 | Display device, communication method thereof and device with storage function |
| JP6916525B2 (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2021-08-11 | 株式会社ブイ・テクノロジー | LED display manufacturing method |
| CN109814252A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-05-28 | 华域视觉科技(上海)有限公司 | Transmission-type MEMS chip, MEMS lighting system and automobile |
| CN112312099B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2023-08-29 | 深圳光峰科技股份有限公司 | projection display device |
| CN111028701B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-04-01 | 熊周成 | LED display screen |
| CN111537197A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-08-14 | 上海瑞立柯信息技术有限公司 | Universal calibration method for spatial light modulator phase measurement |
| CN113327987B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-09-19 | 常州大学 | Triode display with image sensing function |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0914626A4 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2002-02-20 | Anvik Corp | Seamless, maskless lithography system using spatial light modulator |
| AU5156198A (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1998-05-22 | Xeotron Corporation | Optical device utilizing optical waveguides and mechanical light-switches |
| DE69834847T2 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2007-02-15 | Reflectivity Inc., Santa Clara | REFLECTIVE SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR WITH DOUBLE SUBSTRATE AND SELF-RESTRICTING MICROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS |
| US6034807A (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-03-07 | Memsolutions, Inc. | Bistable paper white direct view display |
| US6288824B1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2001-09-11 | Alex Kastalsky | Display device based on grating electromechanical shutter |
| US6498685B1 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2002-12-24 | Kenneth C. Johnson | Maskless, microlens EUV lithography system |
| US6275320B1 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2001-08-14 | Jds Uniphase, Inc. | MEMS variable optical attenuator |
| WO2003007049A1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2003-01-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Photonic mems and structures |
| US6576887B2 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2003-06-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light guide for use with backlit display |
| US6781208B2 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2004-08-24 | Nec Corporation | Functional device, method of manufacturing therefor and driver circuit |
| JP4150250B2 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2008-09-17 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Drawing head, drawing apparatus and drawing method |
| US6741384B1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-05-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Control of MEMS and light modulator arrays |
-
2006
- 2006-02-23 CN CN200680005842XA patent/CN101151207B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-23 CN CN2006800058222A patent/CN101151206B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-23 CN CN2006800058237A patent/CN101128766B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-23 CN CN2009102036295A patent/CN101576656B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-23 CN CN200810085750.8A patent/CN101256279B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-23 CN CN2006800058082A patent/CN101128765B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9530344B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-12-27 | Snaptrack, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
| CN101467089B (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2012-05-16 | 迈克罗拉布诊断有限公司 | Imaging apparatus with a plurality of shutter elements |
| CN102203658B (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2013-12-25 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Manufacturing structure and process for compliant mechanisms |
| CN103000141A (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2013-03-27 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
| CN103000141B (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2016-01-13 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | For controlling the circuit of display device |
| CN102947874A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2013-02-27 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Reflective and transflective operation modes for display device |
| CN102947874B (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2016-08-17 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Reflection and trans flective operation pattern |
| CN103380394A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-10-30 | 皮克斯特罗尼克斯公司 | Systems and methods for MEMS light modulator arrays with reduced acoustic emission |
| CN105206229A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2015-12-30 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Image display device |
| CN102798974B (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2015-08-19 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Display device and manufacture method thereof |
| CN102798974A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-11-28 | 株式会社日本显示器东 | Display device and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN102809817A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-05 | 株式会社日本显示器东 | Display device |
| TWI461781B (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2014-11-21 | Pixtronix Inc | Display device and display device |
| CN103827949A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2014-05-28 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Display device with tapered light reflecting layer and manufacturing method for same |
| CN103827949B (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2015-12-09 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | There is display device and the manufacture method thereof of taper reflection layer |
| CN104854497A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-08-19 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Display with light modulating pixels organized in off-axis arrangement |
| CN105190406A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-23 | 皮克斯特隆尼斯有限公司 | Display device |
| CN105161022A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2015-12-16 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Displayer and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105161022B (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2018-02-06 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Display and preparation method thereof |
| US10503040B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2019-12-10 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device, input/output device, and semiconductor device |
| US10942392B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2021-03-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device, input/output device, and semiconductor device |
| CN110998265A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-04-10 | 阿自倍尓株式会社 | Torque detector and method for manufacturing torque detector |
| CN109346000A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-15 | 苏州科达科技股份有限公司 | LED display control method, system and electronic equipment |
| CN116884341A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-10-13 | 长春希达电子技术有限公司 | Wall-mounted LED display device and method |
| CN116884341B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2024-01-05 | 长春希达电子技术有限公司 | Wall-mounted LED display device and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101151206B (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| CN101256279A (en) | 2008-09-03 |
| CN101128766B (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| CN101151207A (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| CN101128766A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| CN101128765B (en) | 2010-12-01 |
| CN101256279B (en) | 2014-04-02 |
| CN101151206A (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| CN101151207B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| CN101576656B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| CN101576656A (en) | 2009-11-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101128765B (en) | Display methods and apparatus | |
| CN102004310B (en) | Display methods and apparatus | |
| JP5361220B2 (en) | Portable device | |
| KR101659642B1 (en) | Circuits for controlling display apparatus | |
| JP5759629B2 (en) | Circuit for controlling a display device | |
| US20200209703A1 (en) | Electro-optic displays | |
| CN105026979B (en) | Asymmetric stroke for mems optical modulator |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: Massachusetts, USA Patentee after: Pixtronix, Inc. Address before: Massachusetts, USA Patentee before: Pixtronix, Inc. |
|
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: American California Patentee after: Pixtronix, Inc. Address before: Massachusetts, USA Patentee before: Pixtronix, Inc. |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20170103 Address after: American California Patentee after: NUJIRA LTD. Address before: American California Patentee before: Pixtronix, Inc. |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20101201 Termination date: 20190223 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |