CN101036169A - 订购资源完成以及管理系统和方法 - Google Patents

订购资源完成以及管理系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101036169A
CN101036169A CNA2005800191366A CN200580019136A CN101036169A CN 101036169 A CN101036169 A CN 101036169A CN A2005800191366 A CNA2005800191366 A CN A2005800191366A CN 200580019136 A CN200580019136 A CN 200580019136A CN 101036169 A CN101036169 A CN 101036169A
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invoice
transaction
data
amount
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D·W·哈恩-卡尔森
D·A·休茨
R·N·卡纳瑟
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US Bancorp Licensing Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • G06Q20/102—Bill distribution or payments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/04—Billing or invoicing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/02—Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/12—Accounting

Abstract

历史数据用于管理和授权对多个交易方中交易的商家供货的支付。根据本发明的一示例实施例，使用各物品的历史完成量和已开票量来处理开票物品量。如果开票物品量涉及已完成但未开票的物品，则授权对该已开票物品的支付。如果开票物品的部分或全部尚未完成或先前已开票，则对未完成或先前开票(并支付)的开票物品的至少一部分不予支付授权。使用该方法，与订单完成和支付状态相关的历史信息被用来自动处理发票(例如核对发票以便于支付)。

Description

订购资源完成以及管理系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及交易处理，尤其涉及与包括货物和/或服务的交易相关的交互的处理和管理。
背景技术
交易处理通常涉及高强度的手动劳动，并且在已使用自动化处理的实例中涉及高强度的用户干预。例如，交易处理涉及使用各种交易文档，诸如订单、发票、收据和货代提单(BOL)。这些类型的交易文档包括由交易各方用来监视和处理交易的与该交易相关联的信息。
为多个不同类型的应用程序电子地处理交易文档。描述特定交易交互的特征的交互数据(例如电子或物理文档)常常以变化的时间顺序在将这些文档集中成逻辑包进行自动化处理的中央交易区域遇到。例如，当交易涉及从卖方到买方的产品销售时，除了买方和卖方之外常常有多个交易方，诸如托运方、金融机构、批发商、和管理机构(例如海关、税务机构)。这些多个方的每一方常常提供与该交易相关的一个或多个不同类型的文档。常常，文档并非是易于识别地相关于来自其它方的文档的格式，从而需要大量的精力来将文档组织到各个类别或各个交易中去。
各种交易特别容易引起诸如与文档识别和分类相关的处理困难。例如，对特定交易的支付前核对和审计常常在中央处理器上自动地、电子地执行。用于这些功能的文档会不适时地、或以不适于标识文档和将文档分类到特定交易的格式到达交易处理器。作为另一个示例，针对一特定发票的报关单会在发票之前到达中央处理器，而发票也会在真正的订单到达之前到达。在没有发票附于报关单的情况下，中央处理器就会有管理该文档的困难。类似地，在没有订单加在发票上的情况下，中央处理器也不能处理该发票(例如不能根据订单来审查该发票)。
另一类使得交易处理困难的不兼容涉及一种普通情形，其中由不同方使用的标识一特定交易的参考号不兼容。例如，在涉及买方和卖方的交易中，卖方维护根据由卖方产生的参考号组织的交易数据。买方通常必须使用卖方的参考号、而非买方的参考号来访问这些数据。此外，买方和卖方通常对交易的不同特征使用不同的参考号，从而使交易的监视和管理困难。
随着越来越多的文档需要全面表达交互，管理文档和其它交互数据的这个问题、特别是使文档和其它交互数据关联于适当交易的问题变得越来越具有挑战性。这些文档的手动解析和分类是昂贵、耗时和容易发生差错的。先前可用的自动化方法通常限于适用于某些类型的文档、或某些不灵活的文档标识和分类方法。
传统交易的付款和开帐单相关方面特别易于产生帐单差错和欺诈。例如，在运送货物与运送和/或货物的帐单之间常常几乎没有联系。这可导致重开帐单、根本没有帐单、或者超额帐单。还会发生引起错误帐单或支付的审计差错。此外，当特定交易的多个方面在进行查帐和/或争论时，特别是当不同的交易文档必须手动地进行解析和处理时，支付常常会延迟。例如，来自交易不同方的文档必须常常进行解析和比较，以使来自一个文档的数据与来自另一个的数据以便于开帐单的方式相关。与开帐单相关联的延迟减少了等待支付的交易各方的营运资本资源。
其它成本还因各种交易处理方法中存在低效而产生。许多成本单个而言是较小的，但累计起来就极大了。例如，典型的交易各方引起的管理成本包括相关于建立和传送交易文档、解决帐单争议、向其它各方提供文档的签名副本、以及邮寄应收款清单的成本。此外，解析、识别和分类相关于这些和其它项的文档的成本添加了交易的管理成本。
交易管理的另一个挑战涉及不能获得有关交易的即时信息。来自一方的交易数据对交易的其它方而言在不直接访问某方专用系统的情形下通常不会是轻易可用的。因为该过程大部分是手动进行的，因此极难跟踪一交易，且实时数据是特别难以取得的。例如，为了获悉货运或付款的状态，涉及有各个手动步骤。如果托运方想要知道承运方是否在运送特定交易的货物并且是否已经付款，则托运方常常必须联系承运方和/或适当的金融机构。
交易的管理和协调中的以上和其它困难对交易的有效和高效管理提出了挑战。
发明内容
本发明涉及克服上述挑战，以及相关于上述类型的方法和实现的和其它应用中的挑战。本发明在多个实现和应用中例示，其一部分归纳如下。
根据本发明一示例实施例，交互使用通常包括将交易状态标准用于处理交互的支付相关方面的方法来管理。
在本发明一更特别的示例实施例中，与订购完成相关的交互状态条件以及相关支付在接收时进行监视和/或处理。当发生订单完成和/或相关支付的改变时，和/或接收到新的订购完成和支付信息时，这些改变用来自动地更新状态条件。实现经更新的状态条件是为了用于各种交易处理和管理方法中的一种或多种。
在本发明的另一示例实施例中，交易处理系统适于管理涉及包括买方和卖方的各方之间商家供货的交易的支付资源。该系统包括一数据存储装置，该数据存储装置包括在一个或多个位置上的一个或多个数据存储设备，适于存储买方和卖方之间交易的订购相关信息。常常，订单相关信息包括在与交易的订购物品的历史完成量和开票量相关联的字段中的数据。计算机(例如处理)装置适于对一特定订购物品，将输入发票上的开票量信息与数据存储装置中订购物品的历史完成量和开票量信息作比较。如果输入发票上的开票量不大于数据存储装置中订购物品的历史完成量和开票量信息之间的差值，则授权发票的支付。相关于该授权，更新数据存储装置中订购物品的历史开票量，以包括输入发票上的开票量。
本发明的以上归纳并不旨在描述本发明的每个所示实施例或每个实现。附图和以下的详细描述更特别地例示了这些实施例。
附图说明
考虑以下结合附图对本发明各实施例的详细描述，本发明可得到更全面的理解，在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明一示例实施例的交易处理装置；
图2A是根据本发明另一示例实施例的交易监视方法的流程图；
图2B是根据本发明又一示例实施例的交易监视方法的另一流程图；
图3是相关于图2所示流程图的、根据本发明的另一示例实施例的根据锚和存储在锚位置中的监视数据来分类数据，并自动更新交易处理数据的方法的流程图；以及
图4示出根据本发明的又一示例实施例用于处理对多个交易的索款的装置。
尽管本发明易于有各种更改和可选形式，但其细节已在附图中示出作为示例，并将作详细描述。然而，应当理解，本发明并不必然限于所述的特定实施例。相反，旨在涵盖落于由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有变体、等效方案和可选方案。
具体实施方式
相信本发明可用于各种不同类别的商业方法和交互，并且已经发现本发明对涉及交易的处理及其它相关方面的应用特别有用。尽管本发明不必限于这些方法，但本发明的各个方面可使用这些和其它上下文通过各示例的讨论而得到理解。
根据本发明一示例实施例，使用便于与订购完成及相关支付相关的交互状态条件的监视的方法来管理交易交互。该管理包括各种特征，并可作调节以适应特定实现。例如，当交易各方同意某些商业规则时，根据商业规则来管理交易交互。相关于送货、定价、支付和其它特征的商业规则易于用该方式实现，以便自动地管理交易交互的各方面的一个或多个方面。当订购完成和/或相关支付发生改变时，这些改变用来自动更新状态条件。
在一实现中，监视可用于处理特定交易(例如显式或隐式的订单或合同)的发票的资源。当有未开票资源时，这些资源被标识为可作支付的资源。例如，当接收到特定量货物和/或服务的发票时，对发票量和收到量作比较以确定是否应当支付是有用的。该方法可用于例如确保在支付之前收到了货物/服务，和/或用于确保已收到担保支付的足够量(例如在仅当已发送了阈值量或对之开了发票时才作支付)。此外，当产生一订单的发票时，将该发票与后续发票作比较以确保所列物品尚未支付是有用的。例如，可作比较以确定在先前发票上开出的量的总和是否小于已完成量(且其中如果先前发票上开出量的总和小于已完成量，则进行后续的支付)。使用该方法，订单的完成状态可用于处理诸如发票的文档、便于确定例如与货物或其支付的量相关的特征。
在一些实例中，使用与货物和/或服务的运输相关的其它条件，以及历史完成和运输数据，以便于交易的支付。例如，当交易方同意与执行时间(例如要在特定时段内运输的货物和/或服务)相关的支付相关条款时，对以适时方式完成的量的支付根据按时完成的协议支付条款来授权。因此，对以不适时方式完成的量的支付根据未按时完成的协议支付条款来授权。在某些应用中，历史完成数据根据在执行时间上货物和/或服务的状况来更新；当某些物品的状况可接受而其它物品的状况不可接受时，更新历史完成数据以反映可接受物品的量。当根据历史完成量授权支付时，这些完成量反映物品的状况。
可使用这些方法来监视和管理各种交互，且相关于交互的管理的各个方面建立在交易的各方之间。对来自特定源的交互数据的改变被监视，并在需要时用于更新来自其它源和/或其它源中的交互数据。例如，应用于一共同交易的基于交易文档可用这种方法监视，且对一文档和/或数据字段的更新用来对同一共同交易或关于特定交易方的不同交易的一个或多个其它文档和/或数据字段作出相应更新。一个这种示例包括监视相关于订单的状态字段；当诸如反映所接收量的特定字段被更新时，可对相关字段作出相应更新。该方法可应用于例如相关字段，诸如应付款额、总价、服务费、税和总值字段。
在一实现中，上述相关数据字段和/或文档以相当于相关数据字段应用其中的交易方的方式自动地链接于一特定交易。在一实例中，当买方和卖方之间的交易指定特定货物的运输量时，代表买方和卖方的每一方存储的指定运输量的交易数据字段被自动链接。这样，当买方收到货物并更新其运输量数据字段以指示该接收时，对卖方的运输量数据字段作出相应更新，以反映买方所承认的接收。许多这种链接可在区分各特定交易的交易方的情况下选择性地实现，并且在一些应用中，可由管理员实现以便于代表买方和卖方进行交易处理。
在另一实现中，商业规则用于管理一个或多个交易的订单实现。当建立一特定交易组时，例如将一特定存储单元和相关联ID用作存储文档的位置，该交易组在关联于完成的数据字段上受到监视。当接收到新的完成数据、和/或当现有的完成数据改变时，完成数据用来自动地处理相关功能。例如，当接收到订单已完成的通知(例如订单收据)时，相应地更新其它文档中的相应数据字段。然后执行由商业规则指定的任何响应，诸如执行对已完成订单的支付。对于本文所讨论的一个或多个实例实施例可应用其中的有关交易的一般信息、以及有关交易和存储(例如锚)位置的使用的特定信息，可参考序列号为10/864,761(USBA.120PA)、2004年6月9日提交的题为“自动化交易处理系统和方法”(Automated Transaction ProcessingSystem and Approach)的美国专利申请，该申请通过引用全部结合于此。
现在参看图1，根据本发明另一示例实施例交易处理装置100适于自动监视和处理交易数据。该交易处理装置100包括作为交易相关数据的通信和处理的中央位置的中央交易节点110。该中央交易节点110与数据库112通信，在该数据库112中存储了交易相关信息。数据库112被示为与中央交易节点110耦合；然而，在各个实现中，部分或全部该数据库是中央交易节点的一部分，位于远程位置和/或包括在不同位置处的多个数据存储电路。
多个用户节点120、122、124、126和128与中央交易节点110在通信上耦合。这些用户节点120-128可包括例如买方、卖方、批发商、托运方、承运方、海关代理机构、国家安全部门、金融机构、或通常参与交易的其它类型的个人、团体或代理中的一个或多个。这些用户节点可与中央交易节点110交互，用于提供交易相关信息，诸如订单、发票、运单、支付授权、支付执行、海关文件、安全文件、以及其它存储在数据库112中的信息。此外，该交易相关信息(包括其改变)由中央处理节点110使用共同属性来监视和处理，以自动地更新特定交易的信息。例如，当存储在数据库112中的交易数据标识对特定交易的订单的完成状态时，该完成状态进行处理并用来推动该交易数据应用其中的交易。当该完成状态可用于一个以上字段和/或文档(即收到量字段可用于付款额字段)时，相关字段可响应于被改变字段之一而作相应的更新。
在一实现中，使用共同属性而将来自一特定交易的信息自动地组合在一起，交易相关信息由中央交易节点110进行解析和分组以便于存储在数据库112中，诸如在以上引用的序列号为10/864,761的美国专利申请中。例如，交易数据可根据预定义锚类类别和相关交易概况属性来分组。交易概况属性的选定属性被用来形成锚数据，这些锚数据标识特定交易和/或标识交易的信息，诸如订单、完成或交易参与者信息。这些预定义锚类类别被实现，且数据库112和中央处理节点110监视相关类别；当一类别中的改变影响另一类别时，该另一类别作相应的更新。此外，诸如更新的通知被任选地自动发送给用户节点120-128之一，以向用户警告该更新(例如向用户警告收到支付或其它交易类信息)。
在一实现中，在数据库112中锚数据在锚位置上具有实际物理表示，因而可用于访问存储在数据库中、并通过该锚标识的文档。在另一实现中，配置数据用来使交易各方定义文档的数据元，这些数据元用来自动地使文档彼此相关，和/或用于自动更新其它文档。使用这些方法，锚数据可有效地用于广播标准，该标准将允许各个交易了解由给定锚ID表示的一特定交易。此外，这种锚数据可用来标识相关文档，以便响应于来自具有同一锚ID的其它文档的交易数据中的变化进行更新。这些改变可应用于各字段，这些字段表示诸如与特定订单的多个发票相关的该订单的开票和/或未开票量的资源的状态。
在另一实现中，中央处理节点110还适于根据从节点120-128接收的输入，诸如授权输入和文档特定输入来准许和控制与数据库112的信息交换。当节点120-128之一上的用户尝试向中央处理节点110发送信息、或从中检索信息时，来自用户的授权信息用来控制该信息传送。授权信息可包括例如访问类信息(例如密码或用户ID)、或仅仅是中央处理节点110可识别的文档信息。
当信息交换用文档信息来控制、且节点120-128之一向中央处理节点110发送交易数据(例如电子文档)时，数据库112被解析以使交易数据与所存储的信息相匹配。如果发现了一个匹配，则中央处理节点处理相匹配数据以确定所接收的交易数据是否属于与相匹配数据相同的交易。如果是，则所接收交易数据分配到属于该相匹配数据的锚ID并存储在数据库112中，且所分配的锚ID将相匹配数据组合在一起。
如果找到一匹配但有限制，则中央处理节点根据编程于中央处理节点的限制规则(如果有的话)来处理所接收数据。例如，当对每个订单分配一个锚ID、且在数据库112中在该相匹配ID下已有现有订单时，则产生一新的锚ID。所接收的交易数据、以及未受限制的匹配数据被存储在该新的锚ID下。例如，当找到相匹配发票数据但该发票具有一个以上订单时，对每个订单产生一不同的锚ID，包括相同的发票但具有单独的订单。取决于该实现，这些和其它限制类方法被编程于中央处理节点。
当找到一匹配时，则中央处理节点110使用商业规则来标识所接收数据是否保证一响应，诸如对相关于接收数据的其它数据的相应改变、或对用户节点120-128之一的通知。这样，中央处理节点110建立不同位置中某些数据字段之间的关系。例如，通过使用一一对应关系，两个位置中的数据可一致地保存，其中该两个位置标识相同或相似的数据，诸如所订购产品的数量、运送状态或其它类型的交易特征。当更新位置之一中的数据时，来自该位置的值也被更新到另一个位置。例如，如上所述，由中央交易节点110接收的某类数据可用于相应地更新与所接收数据具有关系的其它信息。曾经这种方法涉及可用于产品或服务数量的资源字段的更新，以及与所讨论的量相关的相应支付字段的更新，例如以上与接收特定订单的多个发票相关的字段。
在另一示例中，关系函数被用来自动地更新相关数据字段。在该示例中，当位置之一中的数据得到更新时，中央交易节点110处理经更新的数据以产生对其中不存在一一对应关系的另一个位置的更新。例如，当特定字段应用于订单量而另一数据字段应用于表示订单量的金额时，订单量中的变化被处理成产生订单金额的相应改变。多个这种关系可由中央交易节点110建立和保持，这些关系的一部分如下所述。
再参看由中央交易节点接收的数据与存储在数据库112中的数据的匹配，当在所接收交易数据与数据库112中的数据之间未找到匹配时，对所接收交易数据选择性地产生新的锚ID。该新的锚ID、以及所接收的交易数据被存储在数据库112中，因而建立一新交易。当随后接收匹配新存储数据的附加交易数据时，中央交易节点如上所述地处理匹配数据。
在另一实现中，在使用所接收的数据来更新相应字段之前，在中央交易节点110上接收的交易数据与存储在数据库112中的安全类数据是交叉引用的。当交易数据符合某安全控制标准时，交易数据所属的交易可加以标记或以其它方式审核。例如，当产品标识类型匹配易受安全控制的产品类型时，交易会中止以便第三方审核和批准。这种批准可例如采取发送给中央交易节点110的交易文档的形式，其中批准用于进一步地推动该交易(即允许相应字段得到更新)。由中央交易节点110接收的安全相关数据被监视，并用于例如通过更新对向其提供发票的订单的特定字段更新的批准状态来处理它所适用的交易。因此，表示批准进行交易的字段可在接收到批准时更新。
如上所述，如图1所示的交易处理装置100可用用于处理交易信息的各种方式实现。在一特定实现中，中央交易节点110执行用于处理涉及两个以上交易方的多层交易的功能。各方经由交易处理装置交互，其中转帐取决于状况用各种方式对所有交易方执行。
在一实现中，交易涉及经销商、或其它推动卖方和买方之间交易的中级实体。经销商从一个或多个卖方处获得交易相关产品和/或服务，又将这些交易相关产品和/或服务卖给终端买方。在一些实例中，经销商为卖方提供的产品寻找卖方，而无需进一步推动该交易。在其它实例中，经销商在推动交易的一个或多个方面起作用，诸如通过协调和/或执行送货、储货等。
为了对该实现进行说明，并参看图1，用户节点120是卖方节点，用户节点122是买方节点，而用户节点124是经销商节点。当买方122和经销商124对交易价格达成协议时，商业规则和/或表征该协议的其它信息被仓储在数据库112中，以便由中央交易节点110使用。经销商124也与卖方120对价格达成协议，且该信息相应地存储在数据库112中。
当涉及由卖方120向买方122提供货物和/或服务的交易通过经销商124推动时，中央交易节点110将存储在数据库112中的信息用于处理该交易。有效地，卖方120基于其与经销商124的协议得到支付，而买方122具体地根据买方与经销商124的协议对交易付费。卖方得到的支付与买方所支付金额之间的任何净差值在经销商处实现。通常，这种方法涉及买方122支付比卖方所获支付更高的价格，而经销商收受卖方价格与买方价格之间差价的毛利。然而，在一些实例中，该方法还会涉及经销商124承担了损失(即，如果经销商已与买方122订立了特定价格的合同，但卖方120涨价)。此外，经销商可诸如通过送货、保险、处理或其它服务使交易增值；这样，经销商还可直接向买方收取这些增值动作的费用。
买方、卖方和经销商之间的支付通过中央交易节点110来实现，该中央交易节点110与用于转帐的金融机构交互。例如，中央交易节点可基于存储在数据库112中的信息，将来自买方122的金融机构的资金自动地转入卖方120的金融机构、以及经销商124的金融机构。使用该方法，卖方120可直接而不是从经销商124处收取资金，而经销商124又需要从买方122处收取资金。
如上所述，经销商(或其它中级实体)方法还可涉及多个买方和/或多个卖方。从多个买方开始，并再次参看图1作为示例，节点120、122和124被实现为如上所述的卖方、买方和经销商节点。在该实例中，节点126和128是附加买方节点。当所有三个买方节点122、126和128参加与经销商节点124对经销商节点通过卖方节点120获得的产品的各个交易时，中央交易节点110便于所有各方之间的支付。例如，来自所有三个买方节点的金融机构的支付直接对卖方节点120的金融机构进行，其中各支付的部分(差价/服务收费)直接指向经销商节点124的金融机构。尽管卖方节点120可仅与经销商节点124订立合同，但对该交易的支付可直接来自向买方节点122、126和128提供服务的多个金融机构。
多个卖方可类似于上述对多个买方的方法来实现，用来便于经销商节点124和买方节点122之间的单个交易。在本实例中，节点126和128是附加卖方节点。经销商节点124各自与各卖方节点120、126和128订立货物和/或服务的合同。当卖方节点122与经销商节点124订立货物和/或服务的合同时，经销商节点使用卖方节点120、126和128的一个或多个来完成该合同。中央交易节点110便于根据每个卖方节点所提供的货物和/或服务的量来在买方节点122和卖方节点120、126和128之间转帐。例如，当交易涉及产品时，由各卖方节点所提供的产品的量用来确定卖方节点要支付的量。类似地，当交易涉及诸如送货的服务时，所执行的服务的量(例如对应于运送距离、公用事业或所执行的其它服务工作)用来确定卖方要支付的量。转帐使用存储在数据库112中的对应于交易的货物和/或服务的价格表示数据来执行，该价格表示数据是在经销商节点124和卖方节点120、126和128之间达成协议的。
在涉及经销商的上述示例的每一个中，交易各方之间的转帐使用本文所述的一个或多个方法来进行，诸如涉及监视和处理可用于支付的资源的方法。当发生订单完成和/或相关支付的改变时，这些改变用于自动更新状态情形。这些改变、状态情形和其它受监视特征可由中央交易节点110来实现，并用作表征和处理对交易的支付的基础。例如，合同执行(完成)或合同执行的水平可由中央交易节点110用来授权对该交易的支付。
在一实现中，涉及中级实体的上述交易方法还在卖方和买方之间分别实现。例如，对提供给特定买方的货物和/或服务的支付基于对该买方的完成。特定买方的金融机构基于交易完成的量、质量和/或其它状况来尝试进行转帐。类似地，当多个卖方用于特定交易时，对各卖方的支付基于该卖方提供的交易完成水平。
在本发明的另一示例实施例中，中央交易节点110如以上一个或多个示例所述用作中级实体，其中(节点120-128的)买方和卖方节点与中央交易节点110交互，用于订立合同目的。这样，中央交易节点(或其相应部分)通过中级类型实体经由该中级实体的内部或外部控制来管理。在一些实例中，买方和卖方直接与中央交易节点110订立对价格的合同。在其它实例中，买方和卖方彼此订立设定价格的合同，且交易的一个或多个买方和卖方进一步与中央交易节点110订立合同，以推动该交易。例如，卖方可与中央交易节点110订立合同以管理卖方的分销、财物处理或其它基于交易功能，从而买方直接与卖方订立合同，但经由中央交易节点110处理交易。与中央交易节点110交互的卖方有效地直接得到来自与中央交易节点110交互的买方的对卖方的货物和/或服务的支付。然而，中央交易节点110(或与之一起起作用的中级实体)得到它所处理的各个交易的差价和/或交易费的支付。
在包括结合图1说明的一个或多个上述方法的各个应用中，索款处理器130、索款数据更新控制器132和/或支付处理器134选择性地实现以分别执行交易完成处理、数据字段更新和支付推动。例如，当参与卖方和买方120之间交易的卖方122提交请求对特定交易的支付的索款请求(即以发票的形式)时，索款处理器130被实现以与上述不一致的方式处理该索款请求，以确定是否可支付该索款请求。即，索款处理器130实现交易概况属性、和/或数据库112中(或在分布式数据库113中)表示将推动或拒绝支付的条件的其它信息。例如，当买方120已更新表示已收到对其作出索款请求的货物的信息时，索款数据更新控制器132更新数据库112中可用来授权对该索款请求的支付的相关历史完成信息。即，历史完成数据得到审计，以确保它反映接收数据中的信息，且当这种接收数据尚未更新成历史完成数据时，索款数据更新控制器132对历史完成数据进行更新。索款处理器130使用经更新信息来授权支付(其中这种接收是可授权支付的条件，即支付也可根据接收/完成数据来审核和确认)。当授权支付时，支付处理器134使用该授权来推动对卖方122的支付，例如使用金融实体124和/或其它金融实体来从买方120处提取资金、或代表它增加贷款、或以其它方式推动来自买方120的支付。
在一些应用中，索款数据更新控制器132监视数据库112中、分布式数据库113中、和/或诸如由买方120或卖方122实现的数据库的用户位置上的数据(且准许由买方或卖方对索款数据更新控制的适当访问)。当发生对数据字段的改变时，索款数据更新控制器132在数据库112中实现交易概况属性、用户概况或其它信息，以确定改变是否适用于相关数据字段。如果这种改变适用，则索款数据更新控制器通过更新相关数据字段来实现这种改变。
例如，当买方响应于接收来自卖方的货物而更新订单的完成状态时，索款数据更新控制器132使用这种更新来更新由买方、卖方或其它交易方标识的相关字段。相关数据字段可包括例如，指定对数据库112中特定订单的可支付状态的数据字段、或在相应卖方的数据库中的订单完成字段。一旦这些相关字段得到了更新，支付处理器134就如上所述按需推动支付。
图2A是根据本发明另一示例实施例的交易处理方法的流程图。在框210，建立用于处理交易特征的商业规则。这些商业规则包括指导交易数据的处理的各种规则的一个或多个，用于产生特定结果，诸如产生可用于促进交易的信息。在框220，对由商业规则定义的数据的选定数据位置被标识为与其它数据位置具有关系。在一些应用中，数据位置根据交易各方自动链接于该交易，其中对应于不同交易方的相似或相同数据的数据字段自动链接。在其它应用中，诸如通过将特定交易的特定应收款字段链接到表征该交易方的所有应收款的一般应收款字段，链接该特定交易方的各个数据字段。
如果在框230将数据存储在与其它数据位置具有关系的一个数据位置中，则在框240标识应用于该数据位置的展现一改变的商业规则。在框250，所标识的商业规则用于自动生成相关数据位置的更新信息。例如，如上所述，所生成的信息可包括与另一位置相关的交易数据位置的更新信息，且第一数据位置中的改变与商业规则一起用来执行另一数据位置中的改变。在另一实例中，在框250对相关数据位置的更新涉及产生用于执行一交易功能的数据，诸如用于授权对特定交易的支付的一系列事件的一部分。在发票的上下文中，订购、支付和送货量中的变化可使用该方法来标识和处理。
图2B是示出根据本发明又一示例实施例的用于处理买方和卖方之间交易的发票的方法的另一流程图。在框205，发票由买方接收并处理，以确定该发票是否适用于属于该买方的订单。如果在框215发票不适于属于该买方的订单，则过程在框225停止，且可任选地生成表示失败的输出(例如发送给产生发票的卖方的通知)。如果在框215发票适用于属于该买方的订单，则在框235解析该发票以标识特定物品的开票量。在框245特定物品的标识量与相关买方资源作比较，以确定所标识的开票量是否超过了完成量减去已经开票的量(例如先前发票)。如果所标识的量大于完成量与先前开票量(如果有的话)之差，则开票过量，且过程在框225停止(例如，产生任选输出，用于向卖方通知过量开票状况，和/或更新相关数据字段)。其中在框245所标识的量大于完成量与先前开票量之差的一个实例中，量被调整为等于该差值(因而调整为支付所完成的总量)，且过程继续如下。如果所标识的量少于或等于所完成量与先前开票量(如果有的话)之差，则在框255所标识的量被确定为应付。
一旦所标识的量被确定为应付，则在框265检查该量以确保它符合最小应付量阈值。例如，买方可将发票的支付限制为那些超过特定美金金额的发票，以降低与支付发票相关联的成本。该方法可用于例如：对大订单中一些相对便宜物品的支付累积仅达少量美金时；这种支付将暂时扣留直到接收到另一发票。如果在框265达到最小应付款金额阈值(或者如果未设最小金额)，则在框285调整相关字段，并在框295支付适于所标识量的所接收发票部分。
如果在框265未达到最小应付款金额阈值，但在框275所标识量总计达订单的总量，则过程继续到如上所述的框285。该实例可应用于例如开票量小但订单量也小、或者已支付了总计几乎达总量的先前发票，但剩下几个物品尚未支付的实现。如果在框265未达到最小应付款金额阈值，且在框275所标识的量未达到订单的总量，则在框276停止支付。
在框285相关字段的调节是任选的，并涉及各个调整的一个或多个。例如，诸如涉及行式项目级上特定发票的总价、服务收费、税款或其它项的字段。此外，诸如服务收费和税款的项可类似于图2B所示的“项”在框245上进行处理(例如，与过去的发票作比较，以确定服务收费、税款或其它项是否适当)。
图3是示出根据本发明另一示例实施例的，根据锚来分类数据并监视存储在对应于锚的位置中的数据、用于自动地更新交易处理数据的方法的流程图。图3中的流程图可例如结合图2A-2B所示和如上所述的流程图来实现。例如，结合图2A所示的商业规则可结合以下进一步讨论的锚概况文件来实现。
在图3的框310，交易数据被发送给中央处理器，该中央处理器被编程为用于访问、处理和使用所存储的包括锚概况数据的交易相关数据，以及用于与交易数据相关的交易各方通信。所存储的交易相关数据包括存储在锚标识(ID)下的数据，该锚标识(ID)用来标识实现交易相关数据的特定交易。在框320，交易数据被解析并与所存储的锚概况文件作比较，以检测和标识与交易数据一致(匹配)或以其它方式相关的锚概况文件中的信息。如果在框330未找到交易数据和所存储的锚概况文件之间的匹配，则在框340产生新的匹配锚ID，用于标识对特定交易在框310发送的交易数据。如果在框330找到了交易数据与所存储的锚概况文件之间的匹配(或者在框340产生一新的匹配锚ID之后)，则在框350交易数据的选定元被存储在数据库中匹配的(或新的)锚ID之下。这些选定元可例如用于单独地或结合其它交易数据(例如数据库中或后来在框310接收的)建立新的锚概况文件。
一旦在框350交易数据被存储，就在框360标识对应于交易数据的锚ID的商业规则。这些商业规则可例如是在框310接收到的交易数据的一部分。在另一示例中，这些商业规则被预先存储在交易数据相关的一特定用户或锚ID之下。当建立了特定商业规则的交易数据与用户或锚ID之间的关系时，中央处理器接着使用特定的商业规则来监视和处理交易数据。具体地，在框370根据所标识的商业规则来监视交易数据，并且当检测到交易数据中的改变(或新交易数据)时，锚ID下的相关交易数据在框380根据商业规则来更新。或者，当交易数据中的改变适用于存储在一个以上锚ID之下的数据时(例如以下就一特定订单两个发票的情形所讨论的)，还更新另一锚ID下的交易数据。在涉及交易数据中的改变的任一情形中(或者，在所接收文档是涉及交易数据中拟派改变，即应付款金额的发票的情形中)，可实现图2A-2B中所述的方法。
在本发明的一特定示例实施例中，以下数据属性、文档和标识通过中央处理器实现以组合对买方和卖方之间一特定交互共同的多个交易。该方法可例如结合图1所示的交易处理装置100如上所示和所述的数据存储和用户节点来实现。中央交易节点110管理有关一交互的如适用商业规则配置所编程的信息集，该适用商业规则配置可以各种规则的任何组合设置。例如，经编程的商业规则可结合与订单的完成状态相关的信息集使用，如结合表格1所述。
以下参见表格1和图1，示出根据本发明一特定示例实施例，与由交易处理装置100处理的买方和卖方之间交易相关的两个文档的交易属性。当由中央交易节点110接收的第一文档是作为开帐单正当理由的来自卖方“S1”、指定为来自买方“B1”的订单“ABC”的发票“123”时，中央处理器通过搜索存储在数据库的信息、并使发票与之相匹配来作出响应。基于该搜索(例如逻辑键搜索或基于算法的搜索)，中央交易节点110确定它先前是否知道用于交易文档标识目的、带有属性(在此为属性“123”、“S1”、“ABC”和“B1”)的交互。如果发现先前知道发票应用其中的交易，则中央交易节点110将来自发票的属性与已知属性字段(诸如来自收据“R789”和订单“ABC”的属性)作对照。
一旦发票已与其它文档/信息关联，则中央交易节点110就使用来自发票“123”和其它文档的数据以及数据库112中的信息来执行诸如如上所述的各种交易相关操作。例如，当标识交易所订购的产品或其它交易相关物品的数量时，对收据“R789”增加在行式项目层上的已订购但未开票的量的资源“QTY1”。收据“R789”的已订购但未收到量资源还作了相应的更新以匹配已订购但未开票的量的增加。类似地，当标识交易所订购的产品或其它交易相关物品的数量时，对发票“123”增加在行式项目层上的已订购但未收到量资源“QTY2”。在本说明书中并且如以其他方式适用于本文中的一个或多个示例实施例的，行式项目层一般指特定文档内的行式项目，该特定文档指定对行式项目特定的信息，其中若干行式项目被包括在单个文档内。
特定量交易的成本被添加到行式项目层上的已订购但未开票的金额资源“ATM1”、或添加到文档层上的已订购但未开票的金额资源“ATM2”。该方法例如在订单的总价与一部分订单的特定发票或收据的总价不同时有用(即其中文档层指整个订单量，而非仅仅是特定发票的量)。
当在发票“123”之前接收货物时，增加行式项目层上的已接收但未开票的量的资源“QTY3”。文档层上订单“ABC”的总量还可增加量资源“QTY3”所增加的量，这还可相应地适用于行式项目层上的已订购但未开票量和已订购但未收到量。
当接收到发票“123”时，从行式项目层上的已订购但未开票量的资源“QTY1”中、以及行式项目层上的已接收但未开票量的资源“QTY3”中减去已开票量。此外，从行式项目层上的已订购但未开票的金额资源“ATM1”中、或文档层上的已订购但未开票的金额资源“ATM2”中减去已开票量。另外，当接收到对订单“ABC”的其它发票时，继续更新相应的量资源以提供准确的信息。
使用以下结合表格1说明的以上方法，抽离资金源的效果会立即波及到索取尚未支付资金的所有金融文档。已发现该技术方法对有效地自动化用于物理和金融完成的文档预付调和过程是有用的。
属性 发票123 收据R789 订单ABC
AnchorID “A1” “A1” “A1”
指定买方 “B1” “B1” “B1”
指定卖方 “S1”
指定订单 “ABC” “ABC” “ABC”
指定发票 “123”
源文档所有者 “S1” “B1” “B1”
源文档所有者类型 卖方 买方 买方
源文档类型 发票 收据 订单
源文档ID “123” “R789” “ABC”
已订购但未开票的量(行式项目层) “QTY1” “QTY1”
已订购但未接收的量(行式项目层) “QTY2” “QTY2”
已订购但未开票的金额(行式项目层) “ATM1” “ATM1”
已订购但未开票的金额(文档层) “ATM2”
已接收但未开票(行式项目层) “QTY3” “QTY3”
                                    表格1
图4示出根据本发明另一示例实施例的用于处理对多个交易的索款的装置。本文所讨论的各个示例实施例和实现使用图4中的装置来选择性地实现。图4中装置涉及买方和卖方的示例应用讨论如下；当结合本示例描述时，图4中的装置被配置成用于处理多个不同买方和卖方组合的相似交易，使用相关于涉及各买方和卖方组合的交易的交易概况属性。
卖方402产生发票405并将该发票发送给交易处理器410。响应于发票405的接收，关联处理器412使发票与特定交易相关联，并向数据库装置440发送交易概况请求430，该数据库装置返回交易概况431。更新处理器414使用所返回的交易概况来标识数据库装置440中的适当历史开票量444(例如数据字段)，该历史开票量444用历史开票量更新信息432更新。
当买方420产生收据425时，关联处理器412使得收据与特定交易相关联，并向数据库装置440发送另一个交易概况请求430，该数据库装置返回适当的交易概况431。更新处理器414使用该交易概况属性和收据数据来更新数据库装置440中的适当历史完成量446(例如数据字段)。
交易处理器410适于根据上述涉及接收不同订单中的发票数据405和收据数据425的方法来进行处理。无论订单如何，索款处理器416通过向数据库装置440发送历史数据请求433来对发票405作出响应，数据库装置440返回历史开票和完成量数据434。该索款处理器416使用所返回的历史开票和完成量数据434来确定对发票405的部分或全部的支付是否适当。例如，当历史完成量超过历史开票(例如以及已支付)量的量等于发票405中的开票量时，索款处理器416确定可支付整个发票。
一旦由索款处理器416授权支付，支付处理器418就使用该授权以通过向例如在所返回的交易概况431中标识的金融机构450发送支付授权411，来便于对发票405的支付。该金融机构450又将支付451发送给了卖方402。
尽管本发明的某些方面已参照若干特定示例实施例进行了描述，本领域技术人员将理解可对其作许多改变，而不背离本发明的精神和范围，其各方面在以下权利要求中阐述。

Claims (24)

1.一种交易处理系统，用于管理涉及包括买方和卖方的各方之间的商家供货的多个交易的支付资源，所述多个交易的不同交易涉及不同组的买方和卖方，所述系统包括：
数据存储装置，适于对所述多个交易的每一个，存储表征与所述交易的订购物品的历史完成量和开票量的数据；以及
计算机装置，适于对所述多个交易的每一个的发票上所列示的每一订购物品，使所述发票与所述多个交易之一相关联；
根据发票上订购物品的开票量以及由存储在所述数据存储装置中的相关联交易的数据所指示的、订购物品的历史完成量和历史开票量之间的差异，授权对列示在发票上的每个订购物品的支付；
根据发票上的开票量，按照由存储在所述数据存储装置中的数据所表征地，更新所订购物品的历史开票量。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：响应于所述发票上订购物品的开票量大于数据存储装置中订购物品的历史完成量和开票量信息之间的差值，将所述发票上特定订购物品超过历史完成量与开票量信息之间差值的量标识为过量开票。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：授权对所述发票上特定订购物品的不超过数据存储装置中订购物品的历史完成量和开票量信息之间差值的量的支付。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：将所述发票上过量开票物品的量传送给所述过量开票物品适用的卖方。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：接收确认订单一特定物品的完成的信息，并自动更新所述数据存储装置中对所述特定物品的历史完成量数据，以反映所确认的完成信息。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：
监视对所述数据存储装置中的选定数据字段的改变；以及
响应于所述选定数据字段之一的改变，更新另一相关数据字段。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：根据所述相关数据字段适用的交易方自动链接特定交易的相关数据字段。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：将各发票中的信息与存储在所述数据库中的概况信息作比较，以使该发票与历史完成量和开票量相匹配，并在授权对列示于所述发票上的各订购物品的支付时使用相匹配的历史完成量和开票量。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述数据存储装置适于存储各交易的交易概况属性，所述交易概况属性包括用于标识所述交易的订单信息的信息、以及涉及所述交易的买方和卖方的至少之一的信息，其中所述计算机装置适于根据所述交易概况属性授权对所述发票上列示的各订购物品的支付。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：监视表示订单的完成状态的交易概况属性中的改变，并响应于特定订单的完成状态的改变，更新与所述特定订单的完成状态相关的其它交易概况属性。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：响应于准则完成的特定订单，更新包括支付相关属性的交易概况属性。
12.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：响应于对所述特定订单的表示支付适当的支付相关属性的更新，便于对所述特定订单的支付。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于：通过对所述发票上订购物品的开票量信息与如所述数据存储装置中存储的数据所指示的、订购物品的历史完成量和开票量信息作比较，根据发票上订购物品的开票量与如存储在所述数据存储装置中的数据所指示的、订购物品的历史完成量和历史开票量之间的差异，授权对列示在发票上的每个订购物品的支付。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，所述数据存储装置适于：对所述多个交易的每一个，存储表征所述交易的已订购物品的支付量的数据，且其中所述计算机装置适于：响应于所授权的支付，更新所述数据存储装置中表征所述已订购物品的支付量的数据。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于根据收据数据来审计和确认表征历史完成量的存储数据，从而确认所接收的量的资源已加到所述历史完成量。
16.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述数据存储装置适于逐个行式项目地存储表征所述交易的订购物品的历史完成量和已开票量的数据，且其中所述计算机装置适于逐个行式项目地授权所述支付并更新历史已开票量。
17.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于根据订购物品的送货时间来更新所述数据存储装置中的历史完成数据。
18.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述计算机装置适于根据送货之后所述订购物品的状况来更新所述数据存储装置中的历史完成数据。
19.一种用于自动管理涉及包括买方和卖方的各方之间的商家供货的多个交易的支付资源的方法，所述方法包括，对于所述多个交易的每一个：
根据发票中的数据和所存储的交易概况信息使所述发票数据与所述交易的特定之一相关联；以及
根据以下内容授权从买方到卖方的对卖方开票物品数量的支付：
已完成量数据表示已由所述交易的卖方完成的物品，以及
所述物品的历史开票状态数据，所述历史开票状态数据表示先前已开票的物品总量的一部分。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，授权支付包括对不超过所述已完成量与先前开票物品量之间差值的所述卖方开票物品的量的至少一部分的授权支付。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，授权支付包括对不超过所述物品订单总量的所述卖方开票物品量的已完成量的至少一部分授权支付。
22.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
响应于对卖方开票物品量的支付，存储表示对其授权支付的物品的量的数据。
23.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
响应于从特定交易的买方接收物品量收据数据，根据所述交易概况信息使所述收据数据对卖方开票物品量的所述交易的特定之一相关联，并更新所述相关联交易的表示所述收据数据中示出物品量的历史完成数据。
24.一种用于管理涉及包括买方和卖方的各方之间的商家供货的多个交易的支付资源的方法，所述多个交易的不同交易涉及不同组的买方和卖方，所述方法包括：
对所述多个交易的每一个，存储表征所述交易的订购物品的历史完成量和开票量的数据；以及
对所述多个交易的每一个的发票上所列示的每一订购物品，
使所述发票与所述多个交易之一相关联；
根据发票上订购物品的开票量与如存储在所述数据存储装置中的相关联交易的数据所指示的、订购物品的历史完成量和历史开票量之间的差异，授权对列示在发票上的每个订购物品的支付；
根据发票上的开票量，如存储在所述数据存储装置中的数据所表征地，更新所订购物品的历史开票量。
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